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Pre-Laboratory: Lazaro, Joven Joseph T. TUT-Microsy

This document discusses arithmetic and logic instructions in microprocessors and their use in a programming assignment. It explains that arithmetic instructions like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division manipulate data, while logic instructions perform bit-wise operations. It also describes different number representations like ASCII, unpacked and packed BCD. The document outlines the instructions used in a program to add and subtract two-digit numbers in packed BCD format. These include MOV, SUB, MUL, XOR and OR. It concludes that packed BCD representation saves space and transmission time when working with multiple digit numbers.

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Joven Joseph Lazaro
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87 views9 pages

Pre-Laboratory: Lazaro, Joven Joseph T. TUT-Microsy

This document discusses arithmetic and logic instructions in microprocessors and their use in a programming assignment. It explains that arithmetic instructions like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division manipulate data, while logic instructions perform bit-wise operations. It also describes different number representations like ASCII, unpacked and packed BCD. The document outlines the instructions used in a program to add and subtract two-digit numbers in packed BCD format. These include MOV, SUB, MUL, XOR and OR. It concludes that packed BCD representation saves space and transmission time when working with multiple digit numbers.

Uploaded by

Joven Joseph Lazaro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lazaro, Joven Joseph T.

TUT- Microsy

Pre-Laboratory
Lazaro, Joven Joseph T.

TUT-Microsy

Laboratory Work

Using what was learned from laboratory # 4 and # 5, create a program that will compute

for the sum and difference of two numbers with two digits each.

Save your work as Labass6.asm


Output:
The arithmetic instructions include addition, subtraction, multiplication,

division, comparison, negation, increment, and decrement. The logic instructions

include AND, OR, Exclusive-OR, NOT, shifts, rotates and the logical compare (TEST).

Arithmetic instructions perform several basic operations such as addition, subtraction,

division, multiplication etc. After execution, the result is stored in the first operand. Logic

instructions perform logic operations upon corresponding bits of two registers.


In byte-oriented systems (i.e. most modern computers), the term unpacked

BCD usually implies a full byte for each digit (often including a sign), whereas packed

BCD typically encodes two decimal digits within a single byte by taking advantage of the

fact that four bits are enough to represent the range 0 to 9.

For the representation of numbers:

A. ASCII representation Numbers are stored as a string of ASCII characters.

For example: 1234 is stored as 31 32 33 34H. ASCII for 1 is 31H, for 2 is 32H,

etc.

B. BCD representation

B.1 Unpacked BCD

Example: 1234 is stored as 01 02 03 04H Additional byte is used for sign. Sign

byte: 00H for + and 80H for –

B.1 Packed BCD

Saves space by packing two digits into a byte.

Example: 1234 is stored as 12 34H

For the arithmetic and logic instructions, the MOV CH, AL AND MOV CL,

AL are being used to read high and low digits respectively. Some arithmetic instructions

were also incorporated such as SUB and MUL however for the logic instructions, XOR

and OR are being used.

In performing operations of numbers, bytes are being manipulated using

the arithmetic and logic instructions. In the experiment, the arithmetic instructions that

are used in putting the digits in one byte are SUB and MUL including also the MOV
instruction. The logic instructions are XOR and OR. In performing the addition, the input

numbers are in BCD format and the ADD instruction was used with the DAA for the

decimal adjust. In displaying the number in BCD format, the logic instructions XOR and

AND were used to clear values of AH and AL. The arithmetic instructions DIV is used

for byte manipulation and the ADD instruction is to convert into a character.

Conclusion

Upon performing the experiment, I was able to have a deeper

understanding regarding arithmetic and logic instructions particularly on performing

operations with multiple digits involved. The incorporation of these instructions in one

program are helpful in accomplishing a code which performs addition and subtraction

similar to the experiment. In storing two digits in a byte, the packed BCD representation

can be used. If two BCD digits are stored per byte, it’s called Packed BCD. This occurs

in data transmission where numbers are being transmitted over a communications link.

Packed BCD reduces the amount of time spent transmitting the numbers, as each data

byte transmitted results in the sending of two BCD digits.

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