EXPERIMENT 5
Aim
To design a three phase-half wave controlled rectifier.
THEORY
Three phase half controlled bridge converters & fully controlled
bridge converters are used extensively in industrial applications up to
about 15kW of output power. The Three phase controlled rectifiers
provide a maximum dc output of
vdc(max)=2vm / ∏
The output ripple frequency is equal to the twice the ac supply frequency.
The single phase full wave controlled rectifiers provide two output
pulses during every input supply cycle and hence are referred to as two
pulse converters.
Three phase converters are 3-phase controlled rectifiers which are
used to convert ac input power supply into dc output power across the
load.
Features of 3-phase controlled rectifiers are
• Operates from 3 phase ac supply voltage.
• They provide higher dc output voltage and higher dc output power.
• Higher output voltage ripple frequency.
• Filtering requirements are simplified for smoothing out load voltage
and load current
Three phase controlled rectifiers are extensively used in high power
variable speed industrial dc drives.
3-phase half wave converter
Three single phase half-wave converters are connected together to
form a three phase half-wave converter as shown in the figure.
THREE PHASE SUPPLY VOLTAGE EQUATIONS
We define three line neutral voltages (3 phase voltages) as follows
The 3-PHASE HALF WAVE CONVERTER combines three single phase
half wave controlled rectifiers in one single circuit feeding a common
load. The thyristor T1 in series with one of the supply phase windings 'a-n'
acts as one half wave controlled rectifier. The second thyristor T2 in series
with the supply phase winding 'b-n' acts as the second half wave
controlled rectifier. The third thyristor T3 in series with the supply phase
winding acts as the third half wave controlled rectifier.
The 3-phase input supply is applied through the star connected supply
transformer as shown in the figure. The common neutral point of the
supply is connected to one end of the load while the other end of the load
is connected to the common cathode point.
When the thyristor T1 is triggered at ωt=(∏/6 + α)=(30° + α) , the phase
voltage Van appears across the load when T1 conducts. The load current
flows through the supply phase winding 'a-n' and through thyristor T1 as
long as T1 conducts.
When thyristor T2 is triggered at ωt=(5∏/6α), T1 becomes reverse biased
and turns-off. The load current flows through the thyristor and through the
supply phase winding 'b-n' . When T2 conducts the phase voltage vbn
appears across the load until the thyristor T3 is triggered .
When the thyristor T3 is triggered at ωt=(3∏/2 + α)=(270°+α) , T2 is
reversed biased and hence T2 turns-off. The phase voltage Van appears
across the load when T3 conducts.
When T1 is triggered again at the beginning of the next input cycle the
thyristor T3 turns off as it is reverse biased naturally as soon as T1 is
triggered. The figure shows the 3-phase input supply voltages, the output
voltage which appears across the load, and the load current assuming a
constant and ripple free load current for a highly inductive load and the
current through the thyristor T1.
For a purely resistive load where the load inductance ‘L = 0’ and the
trigger angle α >(∏/6) , the load current appears as discontinuous load
current and each thyristor is naturally commutated when the polarity of the
corresponding phase supply voltage reverses. The frequency of output
ripple frequency for a 3-PHASE HALF WAVE CONVERTER is fs, where
fs is the input supply frequency. 3
The 3-PHASE HALF WAVE CONVERTER is not normally used in
practical converter systems because of the disadvantage that the supply
current waveforms contain dc components (i.e., the supply current
waveforms have an average or dc value).
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
MATLAB SIMULATION FOR R LOAD:
OUTPUT WAVEFORM FOR R LOAD:
Conclusion
Above is the circuit diagram and output wave generated for three base
half wave controlled rectifiers with R load.
