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Turkish Language Basics for Learners

The document summarizes some key differences between Turkish and English grammar. It notes that Turkish has no articles, uses subject-object-verb word order, and distinguishes between present simple and continuous tenses. It then provides examples of pronouns, commands, and discusses the lack of definite/indefinite articles in Turkish. Forming commands in Turkish only requires using the root verb form.

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Jimena VIera
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118 views3 pages

Turkish Language Basics for Learners

The document summarizes some key differences between Turkish and English grammar. It notes that Turkish has no articles, uses subject-object-verb word order, and distinguishes between present simple and continuous tenses. It then provides examples of pronouns, commands, and discusses the lack of definite/indefinite articles in Turkish. Forming commands in Turkish only requires using the root verb form.

Uploaded by

Jimena VIera
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hoş geldiniz! Welcome!

Turkish, unlike many Indo-European languages, contains no articles at all!


Surprisingly simple, right? Turkish does have its own little quirks that will make it
a challenge.

Word Order
Turkish is a Subject-Object-Verb language, meaning that sentences take on a
different word order than that of English, French, German, or most other
languages that English speakers most commonly study. That being said, a
background in Japanese, Korean, or Hungarian will prove very useful. The verb
always comes at the end of the sentence in written Turkish (spoken Turkish
allows for some flexibility).

For example: Ben gazete okurum. Literally “I newspaper read.”, meaning, “I


read newspapers.”

Verb Tenses
The Turkish language does distinguish between a “present continuous” and a
“simple present” tense. In this lesson, we have included the “simple present”
form of a few verbs, but this will be taught later in greater detail. This means that
there is a difference in the sentences:

I eat a sandwich. (present simple) I am eating a sandwich. (present continuous)

Be careful while you are translating, because this does make a difference, just
like in English!

Pronouns
The Turkish pronouns are as follows:

Singular Plural

1st Person Ben Biz


Singular Plural

2nd Person Sen Siz

3rd Person O Onlar

Siz behaves just like vous in French, serving both as you (plural) and you


(formal).

Articles
There are no articles in Turkish! The number one (bir) is sometimes used to
distinguish between the/a(n). However, if a noun is in the subject position, there
is no way to tell! Cool, right? This being said, if the noun is in the object position,
Turkish does distinguish between the/a(n). In this lesson, we will only use a(n) in
the object position, but we will teach you in the Accusative skill how to do it the
other way.

Commands
Forming the informal imperative form in Turkish is extremely simple. All you have
to do is use the root form of the verb. More information about the formal
imperative can be found in the skill “to be.” Here are the two verbs in this lesson
in their dictionary (infinitive) and informal imperative forms:

Infinitive English Inf. Imp. English

yemek to eat Ye! Eat!


Infinitive English Inf. Imp. English

içmek to drink İç! Drink!

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