MS SQL Server
Beginner To Advance Tutorial
What Is SQL
SQL stands for Structured Query Language.
SQL lets you access and manipulate databases.
SQL became a standard of the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) in 1986, and of the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1987
What Can SQL Do
SQL can execute queries against a database
SQL can retrieve data from a database
SQL can insert records in a database
SQL can update records in a database
SQL can delete records from a database
SQL can create new databases
What Can SQL Do
SQL can create new tables in a database
SQL can create stored procedures in a database
SQL can create views in a database
SQL can set permissions on tables, procedures, and views
Important SQL Commands
SELECT - extracts data from a database
UPDATE - updates data in a database
DELETE - deletes data from a database
INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
Important SQL Commands
ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
DROP TABLE - deletes a table
CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
SQL Statements
Most of the actions you need to perform on a database are done with SQL
statements
Example
SELECT * FROM Customers;
SQL Select Statements
The SELECT statement is used to select data from a database.
Example
SELECT * FROM table_name;
SQL SelectDistrict
SQL Select Statements
Statements
The
The SELECT
SELECTDISTINCT statement
statement is usedistoused to return
select only distinct
data from (different) values
a database.
Example
SELECT DISTINCT
SELECT * FROM column1, column2, ...
table_name;
FROM table_name;
SQL Select Statements
The SELECT statement is used to select data from a database.
Example
SELECT * FROM table_name;
SQL Where Clause
The WHERE clause is used to filter records.
Example
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
SQL AND Operator
The AND operator displays a record if all the conditions separated by AND
are TRUE
Example
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 AND condition2
AND condition3 ...;
SQL OR Operator
The OR operator displays a record if any of the conditions separated by OR
is TRUE
Example
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 OR condition2
OR condition3 ...;
SQL NOT Operator
The NOT operator displays a record if the condition(s) is NOT TRUE
Example
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE NOT condition;
SQL ORDER By
The ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the result-set in ascending or
descending order
Example
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column1, column2,
... ASC|DESC;
SQL Like Operator
The LIKE operator is used in a WHERE clause to search for a specified
pattern in a column
Example
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE columnN LIKE pattern;
SQL Like Operator
The LIKE operator is used in a WHERE clause to search for a specified
pattern in a column
% - The percent sign represents zero, one, or multiple characters
_ - The underscore represents a single character
Example
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE columnN LIKE pattern;
SQL Like Operator
The LIKE operator is used in a WHERE clause to search for a specified
pattern in a column
% - The percent sign represents zero, one, or multiple characters
_ - The underscore represents a single character
Example
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE columnN LIKE pattern;
SQL Like Operator
The LIKE operator is used in a WHERE clause to search for a specified
pattern in a column
% - The percent sign represents zero, one, or multiple characters
_ - The underscore represents a single character
Example
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE columnN LIKE pattern;
SQL Between
The BETWEEN operator selects values within a given range. The values can
be numbers, text, or dates
Example
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name BETWEEN
value1 AND value2;
SQL Joins
A JOIN clause is used to combine rows from two or more tables, based on a
related column between them
Inner Join
The INNER JOIN keyword selects records that have matching values in both
tables
Example
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
INNER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name = table2.
column_name;
Left Join
The LEFT JOIN keyword returns all records from the left table (table1), and
the matched records from the right table (table2). The result is NULL from
the right side, if there is no match
Example
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
LEFT JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name = table2.
column_name;
Right Join
The RIGHT JOIN keyword returns all records from the right table (table2),
and the matched records from the left table (table1). The result is NULL
from the left side, when there is no match
Example
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
RIGHT JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name = table2.
column_name;
Outer Join
The FULL OUTER JOIN keyword returns all records when there is a match in
left (table1) or right (table2) table records
Example
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
FULL OUTER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name = table2.
column_name
WHERE condition;
Store Procedure
A stored procedure is a prepared SQL code that you can save, so the code
can be reused over and over again
Example
CREATE PROCEDURE procedure_name
AS
sql_statement
GO;
Execute Store Procedure
EXEC procedure_name;
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