NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF CALLAO

FACULTY OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND SYSTEMS

PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

LANGUAGE IV

UNIT 37 – 38 – 39

Teacher:
 Burga Tarrillo, Celinda
Members:
 Martínez Cahuas, Ximena Alexandra 1725125085

 Zapata Pesantes, Richard Brian 1725125212

Callao, 2019
UNIT  If I do… and If I did…

37A Compare these example:

(1) Sue has lost her watch. She thinks it may be at Ann’s house.
SUE: I think I left my watch at your house. Have you seen it?
ANN: No, but I‘ll have a look when I get home. If I find it, I‘ll tell you.
In this example, Ann feels there is a real possibility that she will find the watch. So
she says:
If I find…, I’ll… .

(2) Ann says: If I found a wallet in the street, I’d take it to the police.
This is a different type of situation. Here, Ann is not thinking about a real
possibility; she is imagining the situation and doesn’t expect to find a wallet in the
street. So she says:
If I found…, I

74 If I knew… UNIT 38 If I had known… UNIT 39 Would… UNIT 40

’d (= I’ would)…(not “ If I find…, I’ll…”).

When you imagine something like this, you use if + past

(if I found / if you were / if we didn ‘t etc). But the
Meaning is not past:
 What would you do if you won a million pounds?
(we don ’t really expect this to happen)
 I don’t really want to go to their party, but I
probably
will go. They ’d be offended if I didn ’t go.
 Sarah has decided not to apply for the job. She isn ’t
really qualified for it, so she probably wouldn ’t get
it if she applied.

B We do not normally use wounld in the if- part of the sentence:

 I’d be very frightened if somebody pointed a gun at me. (not “if

somebody would point”)
 If I didn ‘t go to their party, they’d be offended. (not “if I
wouldn’t go”)
But it is posible to say “if … would” when you ask somebody to do
something:
 (from a formal letter) I would be grateful if you would send me your
brochure as son as posible.
 “Shall I closet he door?” “Yes, please, if you would.”

74
C In the other part of the sentence (not the if-part) we use would (’d) /
wouldn’t:
 If you took more exercise, you ’d (= you would) probably feel
healtthier.
 Would you mind if I used your pone?
 I’m not tired enough to go to bed yet. I wouldn’t sleep (if I went to bed
now).
Could and might are also posible:
74 If I knew… UNIT 38 If I had known… UNIT 39 Would… UNIT 40
  If you took more exercise, you might feel healthier. (= it is posible that
you would feel healthier)
 If it stopped raining, we could go out. (= we would be able to go out)
D Do not use when in sentences like those on this page:
 They would be offended if we didn’t acceot their invitation. (not “when
we didn’t”).
 What would you do if you were bitten by a snake? (not “when you
were bitten”).
For if and when see also Unit 25C.

74

74 If I knew… UNIT 38 If I had known… UNIT 39 Would… UNIT 40

 EXERCISES
37.1 Put the verb into the correct form.
1 They would be rather offended if I didn ’t go to see them. (not/go)
2 If you took more exercise, you would feel better. (feel)
3 If I was offered the job, I think I …………...... it. (take)
4 I ’m sure Amy will lend you the money. I ‘d very surprised if she
……………. (refuse)
5 If sold my car, I …………………… much money for it. (not/get)
6 A lot of people would be out of work if the Factory …………..... (close
down)
7 What would happen if I ……………… that red button? (press)
8 Liz gave me this ring. She …………….. very upset if I lost it. (be)
9 Mark and Carol are expecting us. They would be disappointed if we
……………………… (not/come)
10 Would tim mind if I ………………….. his bicycle without asking him?
(borrow)
11 If somebody ………………………. in here with a gun, I’d be very
frightened. (walk)
12 I’m sure Sue……………………….. if you explained the situation to her.
(understand)
37.2 You ask a friend questions. Use What would you do if…?
1 (Maybe one day your friend will win a lot of money.)
What would you do if you won a lot of money?
2 (Your friend’s car has never been stolen but perhaps one day it will be.)
What…………………………………………………………………...
3 (Perhaps one day yout friend will lose his/her Passport.)
………………………………………………………………………….
4 (There has never been a fire in the building.)
………………………………………………………………………….

37.3 Answer the questions in the way shown.

1 A:Shall we catch the 10.30 train?
B: No. (arrive/ too early) If we caught the 10.30 train, we'd arrive too
early.
2 A: Is Ken going to take the examination?
B: No. (fail) If he………………………………………………………….....
3 A: Why don't we stay at a hotel?
B: No. (cost too much money) If……………………………………………

75
 4 A: Is Sally going to apply for the job?
B: No. (not /get it) If………………………………………………………...
5 A: Let's tell them the truth.
B No. (not /believe us) If……………………………………………………
6 A: Why don't we invite Bill to the party?
B: No. (have to invite his friends too)……………………………………..

37.4 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences

1 If you took more exercise, you'd feel better.
2 I'd feel very angry if……………………………………………………….
3 IfI didn't go to work tomorrow,……………………………………………
4 Would you go to the party if…….………………………………………...
5 1f you bought some new clothe, .………………………………………..
6 Would you mind if…………………………………………………………..

75
UNIT If I Knew… I wish I Knew…

38
A Study this example situation:

Sue wants to phone Paul but she can't do this

because she doesn't know his number. She
says:

If I Knew his number, I would pone him.

Sue says:If I knew his number.... This tells us

that she doesn't know his number. She is
imagining the situation. The real situation is that
she doesn't know his number.

When you imagine a situation like this, you use if + past (if I knew / if you
were / if we didn't etc.) But the meaning is present, not past:
 Tom would read more if he had more time. (but he doesn't have much
time
 If I didn't want to go to the party, I wouldn't go. (but I want to go)
 We wouldn't have any money if we didn't work. (but we work)
 If you were in my position, what would you do?
 It's a pity you can't drive. It would be useful if you could.

B We use the past in the same way after wish (I wish I knew /I wish you were
etc.). We use wish to say that we regret something, that something is not as
we would like it to be:
 I wish I knew Paul's phone number.
(=I don't know it and I regret this)
 Do you ever wish you could fly?
(you can't fly)
 It rains a lot here. I wish it didn't rain so
often.
 It's very crowded here. I wish there weren't
so many people. (but there are a lot of
people)
 I wish I didn't have to work.
(but I have to work)

C After if and wish, you can use were instead of was (if I were /I wish it were
etc.). So you can say:

76
  If I were you, I wouldn't buy that coat. or If I was you...
 I'd go out if it weren't raining. or if it wasn't raining.
 I wish it were possible. or I wish it was posible

D We do not normally use would in the if-part of the sentence or after wish:
 If I were rich, I would have a yacht. (not 'If I would be rich)
 I wish I had something to read. (not 'I wish I would have')

Sometimes wish...would is possible ('I wish you would listen'). See Unit
40C.
E Note that could sometimes means 'would be able to' and sometimes
'was/were able to':
 You could get a job more easily if you could speak a foreign language.
(you could speak = you were able to get)
if you could speak a foreign language
(you could speak = you were able to speak)

76 If I do/If I did… UNIT 37 If I had known/I wish I had Known… UNIT 39 Wish…Would… UNIT 40C

76
 EXERCISES
UNIT
38.1 Put the verb into the correct form.
1. If I .........… his number, I would phone him. (know) 38
2. I ……………. that coat if I were you. (not/buy)
3. I …………………. you if l could, but l’m afraid I can’t. (help)
4. We would need a car if we ………………………. in the country. (live)
5. If we had the choice, we …………………………. In the country. (live)
6. This soup isn’t very good. It …………………… better if it wasn’t so salty.
(taste)
7. I wouldn’t mind living in England if the weather ………………. better. (be)
8. If I were you, I …………………… .(not/wait). I …………….. now. (go)
9. You’re always tired, If you …………………….. to bed so late every night, you
wouldn’t be tired all the time.(not/go)
10. I think there are too many cars. If there ……………….. so many cars
(not/be), there ……………………… so much pollution. (not/be)

38.2 Write a sentence with If… for each situation.

1. We don’t visit you very often because you live so far away.
If you didn’t live so far away, we’d visit you more often
2. He doesn’t speak very clearly - that’s why people don’t understand him.

If he……………more ………………. , people …………………………………..

3. That book is too expensive, so I'm not going to buy it.
If the
book…………………………………….,I……………………………………..
4. We don't go out very often because we can't afford it.
…………………..
……………………………………………………………………….
5. It's raining, so we can't have lunch in the garden.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…
6. I have to work tomorrow evening, so I can't meet you.
………………………………………………………………………………………
……
38.3 Write sentences beginning I wish...

1. I don't know many people (and I'm lonely).

……………………………………….

76 If I do/If I did… UNIT 37 If I had known/I wish I had Known… UNIT 39 Wish…Would… UNIT 40C
 2. I don't have a key (and I need one). I
wish…………………………………………

3. Ann isn't here(and I need to see her).

……………………………………………..

77

76 If I do/If I did… UNIT 37 If I had known/I wish I had Known… UNIT 39 Wish…Would… UNIT 40C
 4. It's cold (and I hate cold weather).
………………………………………………..

5. I live in a big city (and I don't like it).

……………………………………………...

6. I can't go to the party (and I'd like to).

………………………………………………
7. I have to work tomorrow (but I'd like to stay in bed). ……………………………

8. I don't know anything about cars (and my car has just broken down).
…………………………………………………………………………………………
9. I'm not lying on a beautiful sunny beach (and that's a pity).
…………………………………………………………………………………………
38.4 Write your own sentences beginning I wish...
1. (somewhere you'd like to be now-on the beach, in New York, in bed etc.)
I wish I ………………………………………………………………………………
2. (something you'd like to have-a computer, a job, lots of money etc.)
……………………………………………………………………………………….
3. (something you'd like to be able to do - sing, speak a language, fly etc.)
……………………………………………………………………………………….
4. (something you'd like to be-beautiful, strong, rich etc.)
……………………………………………………………………………………….
UNIT If I had known… I wish I had known…

39
A. Study this example situation

Last month Gary was in hospital for an operation. Liz didn't know this, so she didn't go to visit
him. They met a few days ago. Liz said:
If I had known you were in hospital, I would have gone to visit you.
Liz said: If I had known you were in hospital.... The real situation was that she didn't know he
was in hospital.
When you are talking about the past, you use if +had ('d)... (if I had known/ been/done
etc):

 I didn't see you when you passed me in the street. If I'd seen you, of course I would
ha said hello. (but I didn't see you)
 I decided to stay at home last night. I would have gone out if I hadn't been so tired
I was tired)
 If he had been looking where he was going, he wouldn't have walked into the wall,
he wasn't looking)
 The view was wonderful. If I'd had a camera, I would have taken some
photographs (but I didn't have a camera)
Compare:

 I'm not hungry. If I was hungry, I would eat something. (now)

 I wasn't hungry. If I had been hungry, I would have eaten something. (past)

B. Do not use would in the if-part of the sentence. We use would in the other part of the
sentence.
 If I had seen you, I would have said hello. (not 'If I would have seen you´)
Note that 'd can be would or had:

 If I'd seen you, (I'd seen = I had seen)

 I'd have said hello. (I'd have said = I would have said)

C. We use had (done) in the same way after wish. I wish something had happened I am
sorry that it didn't happen:
 I wish I'd known that Gary was ill. I would have gone to see him. (but I didn't know .
 I feel sick. I wish I hadn't eaten so much cake. (I ate too much cake)
 Do you wish you had studied science instead of languages? (you didn't study
science)
 The weather was cold while we were away. I wish it had been warmer.
Do not use would have... after wish in these sentences:

 I wish it had been warmer. (not 'I wish it would have been')

76 If I do/If I did… UNIT 37 If I had known/I wish I had Known… UNIT 39 Wish…Would… UNIT 40C

78
D. Compare would (do) and would have (done):
 If I had gone to the party last night, I would be tired now. (I am not tired now –
present)
 If I had gone to the party last night, I would have met lots of people. (I didn't meet
lots of people -past)

Compare would have, could have and might have:

we would have gone out.

we could have gone out.
 If the weather hadn't been so bad
(=we would have been able to go out)
we might have gone out.
(= perhaps we would have gone out)

76 If I do/If I did… UNIT 37 If I had known/I wish I had Known… UNIT 39 Wish…Would… UNIT 40C

78
 UNIT
EXERCISES

39.1 Put the verb into the correct form.

39
1. I didn't know you were in hospital. If ……………... (I/know) , ………………… (I/go)
to visit you.
2. Ken got to the station in time to catch his train. If
………………………………………………… (he/miss) it, ………………………………
(he/be) late for his interview.
3. It's good that you reminded me about Ann's birthday.
………………………………………………..(I/forget) if ………………(you/not/remind)
me.
4. Unfortunately, I didn't have my address book with me when I was in New York. If
………………………………(I/have) you address, ……………….. (I/send) you a
postcard.
5. A: How was your holiday? Did you have a nice time?
B: It was OK, but ……………………………………………………. (we/enjoy) it more if
…………………………………………………. (the weather/be) better.
6. I took a taxi to the hotel but the traffic was very bad. …………………………… (it/be)
quicker if ……………………………………. (I/walk).
7. I'm not tired. If …………………………………………………………. (I/be) tired, I'd go
home now.
8. I wasn't tired last night. If ……………………………………………………….. (I/be)
tired, I would have gone home earlier.

39.2 Write a sentence with If… for each situation.

1. I wasn't hungry, so I didn't eat anything.
………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so suddenly
If the driver in front ………………………………………………………………………
3. I didn't know that George had to get up early, so I didn't wake him up.
If I ………………………………………………………………….……………………...
4. I was able to buy the car only because Jim lent me the money.
………………………………………….…………………………………………..
5. Margaret wasn't injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
6. You didn't have any breakfast- that's why you're hungry now.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
7. I didn't get a taxi because I didn't have any money on me.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..

39.3 Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation, write a sentence with
I wish… .

1. You've eaten too much and now you feel sick.

You say: ……………………………………………………………………………………
2. There was a job advertised in the newspaper. You decided not to apply for it. Now
you think that your decision was wrong.
You say: I wish I ………………………………………………………………………….

76 If I do/If I did… UNIT 37 If I had known/I wish I had Known… UNIT 39 Wish…Would… UNIT 40C

79
 3. When you were younger, you didn't learn to play a musical instrument. Now you
regret this.
You say: ……………………………………………………………………………………
4. You've painted the gate red. Now you think that it doesn't look very nice.
You say: ………………………………………………………………………………….
5. You are walking in the country. You would like to take some photographs but you
didn't bring your camera.
You say: ………………………………………………………………………………….
6. You have some unexpected guests. They didn't tell you they were coming. You are
very busy and you are not prepared for them.
You say (to yourself): …………………………………………………………………..

76 If I do/If I did… UNIT 37 If I had known/I wish I had Known… UNIT 39 Wish…Would… UNIT 40C

79
 ANSWER KEYS
UNIT 37
37.1
1. Didn’t go
2. Would feel
3. Would take
4. Refused
5. Wouldn’t get
6. Closed down
7. Pressed
8. Would be
9. Didn’t come
10. Borrowed
11. Walked
12. Would understand

37.2
1. What would you do if you won a lot of money?
2. What would you do if your car was stolen one day?
3. What would you do if lost your Passport?
4. What would you do if the building was in fire?

37.3

1. If we caught the 10.30 train, we’d arrive too early.

2. If he didn’t take the examination, he’d fail.
3. If we stayed in the hotel, it would cost too much money.
4. If she applied for the job, she wouldn’t get it.
5. If we told them the truth, they wouldn’t believe us.
 6. If we invited Bill to the party, we would have to invite his
Friends too

37.4

1. You’d feel better

2. I failed the exam
3. My boss would fire me
4. You did your homework
5. You would be happy
6. Your parents gave you some advice

UNIT 38

38.1

1. Knew
2. Wouldn’t buy
3. Would help
4. Lived
5. Would live
6. Would taste
7. Was
8. Wouldn’t wait – would go
9. Didn’t go
10. Weren’t – wouldn’t be

38.2

1. If you didn’t live so far away, we’d visit you more often
2. If he spoke more clearly, people would understand him
3. If the book wasn’t too expensive, I would buy it
4. If we could afford it, we would go out more often
5. If it was no training, we would have lunch in the garden
76 If I do/If I did… UNIT 37 If I had known/I wish I had Known… UNIT 39 Wish…Would… UNIT 40C
 6. If I didn’t work tomorrow evening, I would meet you

38.3

1. I wish I knew more people

2. I wish I had a key
3. I wish Ann were here
4. I wish if were hot
5. I wish I lived in a small city
6. I wish I could go to the party
7. I wish I didn’t have to work tomorrow
8. I wish I knew more about cars
9. I wish I were lying on a beautiful sunny beach

38.4

1. I wish I were in my girlfriend’s house

2. I wish I had a car
3. I wish I could fly
4. I wish I were punctual

UNIT 39
39.1

1. I had known – I would have gone.

2. He had missed – He would have been.
3. I would have forgotten – You hadn't reminded.
4. I had have – I would have sent.
5. We would have enjoyed – The weather had been.
6. It would have been – I had walked.
7. I had been.
8. I had been.

76 If I do/If I did… UNIT 37 If I had known/I wish I had Known… UNIT 39 Wish…Would… UNIT 40C
 39.2

1. If I had been hungry, I would have eaten something.

2. If the driver in front hadn't stopped so suddenly, the
accident wouldn't have happened.
3. If I'd known that George had to get up early, I would
have woken him up.
4. If Jim hadn't lent me the money, I wouldn't have
bought the car.
5. If Margaret hadn't been wearing a seat belt, she would
have injured in the crash.
6. If you had have breakfast, you wouldn't be hungry
now.
7. If I had have some money on me, I would have gotten
a taxi.

39.3

1. I wish I hadn't eaten so much.

2. I wish I had applied for that job.
3. I wish I had learned how to play a musical instrument.
4. I wish I hadn't painted the gate red.
5. I wish I had brought my camera.
6. I wish I hadn't been busy.

76 If I do/If I did… UNIT 37 If I had known/I wish I had Known… UNIT 39 Wish…Would… UNIT 40C