Oncology Appendix 2.

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Appendix 2
Normal Lab Values

Tests Conventional Units SI Units

Acetone
Serum
Qualitative Negative Negative
Quantitative 0.3–2.0 mg/dL 0.05–0.34 mmol/L
Urine
Qualitative Negative Negative

*Alanine aminotransferase
(ALT, SGPT), serum
Male 13–40 U/L (37°C) 0.22–0.68 µkat/L (37°C)
Female 10–28 U/L (37°C) 0.17–0.48 µkat/L (37°C)
Albumin
Serum
Adult 3.5–5.2 g/dL 35–52 g/L
>60 y 3.2–4.6 g/dL 32–46 g/L
Avg. of 0.3 g/dL higher in Avg. of 3 g/dL higher in
upright individuals upright individuals
Urine

Normal Lab Values

Qualitative Negative Negative
Quantitative 50–80 mg/24 h 50–80 mg/24 h
CSF 10–30 mg/dL 100–300 mg/dL

*Aldolase, serum 1.0–7.5 U/L (30°C) 0.02–0.13 µkat/L

(30°C)

Aldosterone
Serum
Supine 3–16 ng/dL 0.08–0.44 nmol/L
Standing 7–30 ng/dL 0.19–0.83 nmol/L
Urine 3–19 µg/24 h 8–51 nmol/24 h

Ammonia
Plasma (Hep) 9–33 µmol/L 9–33 µmol/L

*Amylase
Serum 27–131 U/L 0.46–2.23 µkat/L
Urine 1–17 U/h 0.017–0.29 µkat/h

Amylase/creatine 1–4% 0.01–0.04

clearance ratio

*Aspartate aminotransferase
(AST, SGOT), serum 10–59 U/L (37°C) 0.17–1.00 –2 to
+3 kat/L (37°C)

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Appendix 2

Tests Conventional Units SI Units

Base excess, blood (Hep) –2 to +3 mmol/L –2 to +3 mmol/L

Bicarbonate, serum (venous) 22–29 mmol/L 22–29 mmol/L

*Bilirubin
Serum
Adult
Conjugated 0.0–0.3 mg/dL 0–5 µmol/L
Unconjugated 0.1–1.1 mg/dL 1.7–19 µmol/L
Delta 0–0.2 mg/dL 0–3 µmol/L
Total 0.2–1.3 mg/L 3–22 µmol/L
Neonates
Conjugated 0–0.6 mg/dL 0–10 µmol/L
Unconjugated 0.6–10.5 mg/dL 10–180 µmol/L
Total 1.5–12 mg/dL 1.7–180 µmol/L
Urine, qualitative Negative Negative

Bone marrow, differential cell count

Adult
Undifferentiated cells 0–1% 0–0.01
Myeloblast 0–2% 0–0.02
Promyelocyte 0–4% 0–0.04
Myelocytes
Neutrophilic 5–20% 0.05–0.20
Eosinophilic 0–3% 0–0.03
Basophilic 0–1% 0–0.01
Metamyelocytes and bands
Neutrophilic 5–35% 0.05–0.35
Eosinophilic 0–5% 0–0.05
Basophilic 0–1% 0–0.01
Segmented neutrophils 5–15% 0.05–0.15
Pronormoblast 0–1.5% 0–0.015
Basophilic normoblast 0–5% 0–0.05
Polychromatophilic normoblast 5–30% 0.05–0.30
Orthochromatic normoblast 5–10% 0.05–0.10
Lymphocytes 10–20% 0.10–0.20
Plasma cells 0–2% 0–0.02
Monocytes 0–5% 0–0.05

CA 125, serum <35 U/mL <35 kU/L

CA 15–3, serum <30 U/mL <30 kU/L

CA 19–9, serum <37 U/mL <37 kU/L

Calcium, serum 8.6–10.0 mg/dL 2.15–2.50 mmol/L

(Slightly higher (Slightly higher
in children) in children)

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Normal Lab Values

Tests Conventional Units SI Units

Calcium, ionized, serum 4.64–5.28 mg/dl 1.16–1.32 mmol/L

Calcium, urine
Low calcium diet 50–150 mg/24 h 1.25–3.75 mmol/24 h
Usual diet; trough 100–300 mg/24 h 2.50–7.50 mmol/24 h

Carbon dioxide, total

serum/plasma (Hep) 22–28 mmol/L 22–28 mmol/L

Carbon dioxide (PCO2), Male 35–48 mmHg 4.66–6.38 kPa

blood arterial Female 32–45 mmHg 4.26–5.99 kPa

Carbon monoxide as carboxy-

Hemoglobin (HbCO),
whole blood (EDTA)
Nonsmokers 0.5–1.5% total Hb 0.005–0.015 HbCO
fraction
Smokers
1–2 packs/d 4–5% total Hb 0.04–0.05 HbCO
fraction
>2 packs/d 8–9% total Hb 0.08–0.09 HbCO

Normal Lab Values

fraction
Toxic >20% total Hb >0.20 HbCO fraction
Lethal >50% total Hb >0.50 HbCO fraction

*Cell counts, adult

RBC
Male 4.7–6.1 x 106/4L 4.7–6.1 x 1012/L
Female 4.2–5.4 x 106/4L 4.2–5.4 x 1012/L
Leukocytes
Total 4.8–10.8 x 103/4L 4.8–10.8 x 106/L
Differential Percentage Absolute Absolute (Sl)
Myelocytes 0 0/µL 0/L
Neutrophils
bands 3–5 150–400/µL 150–400 * 106/L
Segmented 54–62 3000–5800/µL 3000–5800 * 106/L
Lymphocytes 20.5–51.1 1.2–3.4 * 103/µL 1.2–3.4 * 109/L
Monocytes 1.7–9.3 0.11–0.59 * 103/µL 0.11–0.59 x 109/L
Granulocytes 42.2–75.2 1.4–6.5 * 103/µL 1.4–6.5 x 109/L
Eosinophils 0.07 x 103/µL 0.07 x 109/L
Basophils 0.02 x 103/µL 0.11–0.59 x 109/L
0.02 x 109/L
Platelets 130–400 x 103/µL 1340–400 x 109/L
Reticulocytes 0.5–1.5% red cells 0.005–0.015 of RBC
24,000–84,000/µL 24–84 x 109/L

Cells, CSF 0–10 lymphocytes/mm3 0–10 lymphocytes/ mm3

0 RBC/ mm3 0 RBC/ mm3

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Appendix 2

Tests Conventional Units SI Units

Ceruloplasmin, serum 20–60 mg/dL 0.2–6.0 g/L

Chloride
Serum or plasma 98–107 mmol/L 98–107 mmol/L
Sweat
Normal 5–35 mmol/L 5–35 mmol/L
Cystic fibrosis 60–200 mmol/L 60–200 mmol/L
Urine, 24 h (varies greatly with Cl intake)
Infant 2–10 mmol/24 h 2–10 mmol/24 h
Child 15–40 mmol/24 h 15–40 mmol/24 h
Adult 110–250 mmol/24 h 110–250 mmol/24 h
CSF 118–332 mmol/L 118–332 mmol/L
(20 mmol/L higher (20 mmol/L higher
than serum) than serum)

Cholesterol, serum
Adult
desirable <200 mg/dL <5.2 mmol/L
borderline 200–239 mg/dL 5.2–6.2 mmol/L
high risk >240 mg/dL >6.2 mmol/L

Coagulation tests
Antithrombin III 80–120% of normal 0.8–1.2 of normal
(synthetic substrate)
Bleeding time (Duke) 0–6 min 0–6 min
Bleeding time (Ivy) 1–6 min 1–6 min
Bleeding time (template) 2.3–9.5 min 2.3–9.5 min
Clot retraction, qualitative 50–100% in 2 h 0.5–1.0/2 h
Coagulation time (Lee-White) 5–15 min (glass tubes) 5–15 min (glass tubes)
19–60 min (siliconized tubes) 19–60 min
(siliconized tubes)

Corpuscular values of erythrocytes

(values are for adults; in
children values vary with age)
Mean corpuscular
hemoglobin (MCH) 27–31 pg 0.42–0.48 fmol
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
concentration (MCHC) 33–37 g/dL 330–370 g/L
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) Male 80–94 µ3 80–94 fL
Female 81–99 µ3 81–99 fL

Cortisol, serum
Plasma (Hep, EDTA, Ox)
8 a.m. 5–23 µg/dL 138–635 nmol/L
4 p.m. 3–16 µg/dL 83–441 nmol/L
10 p.m. <50% of 8 a.m. value <0.5 of 8 a.m. value
Free, urine <50 µg/24 h <138 mmol/24 h

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Normal Lab Values

Tests Conventional Units SI Units

*1Creatine kinase (CK), serum
Male 15–105 U/L (30°C) 0.26–1.79 µkat/L (30°C)
Female 10–80 U/L (30°C) 0.17–1.36 µkat/L (30°C)
Note: Strenuous exercise or intramuscular injections may cause transient elevation of CK.

*Creatine kinase MB
isoenzyme, serum 0–7 ng/mL 0–7 µg/L

*Creatinine
Serum or plasma, adult
Male 0.7–1.3 mg/dL 62–115 4mol/L
Female 0.6–1.1 mg/dL 53–97 4mol/L
Urine
Male 14–26 mg/kg body 124–230 4mol/kg body
weight/24 h weight/24 h
Female 11–20 mg/kg body 97–177 4mol/kg body
weight/24 h weight/24 h

Ferritin, serum
Male 20–150 ng/mL 20–250 µg/L
Female 10–120 ng/mL 10–120 µg/L

Normal Lab Values

Ferritin values of <20 ng/mL (20 4g/L) have been reported to be generally associated with
depleted iron stores.

*Fibrinogen, plasma (NaCit) 200–400 mg/dL 2–4 g/L

*Folate,
Serum 3–20 ng/mL 7–45 nmol/L
Erythrocytes 140–628 ng/mL RBC 317–1422 nmol/L RBC

Glucose (fasting)
Blood 65–95 mg/dL 3.5–5.3 mmol/L
Plasma or serum 74–106 mg/dL 4.1–5.9 mmol/L

Glucose, 2 h postprandial, serum <120 mg/dL <6.7 mmol/L

Glucose, urine
Quantitative <500 mg/24 h <2.8 mmol/24 h
Qualitative Negative Negative

Glucose, CSF 40–70 mg/dL 2.2–3.9 mmol/L

*Glucose-6–phosphate 12.1 ± 2.1 U/g Hb (SD) 0.78 ± 0.13 mU/mol Hb

dehydrogenase 351 ± 60.6 U/1012 RBC 0.35 ± 0.06 nU/RBC
(G-6–PD) in erythrocytes,
whole blood
(ACD, EDTA, or Hep) 4.11 ± 0.71 U/mL RBC 4.11 ± 0.71 kU/L RBC

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Appendix 2

Tests Conventional Units SI Units

Glycosylated hemoglobin
(Hemoglobin A1c),
whole blood (EDTA) 4.2–5.9% 0.042–0.059

HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C),
serum or plasma (EDTA)
Adult
desirable >40 mg/dL >1.04 mmol/L
borderline 35–40 mg/dL 0.78–1.04 mmol/L
high risk <35 mg/dL <0.78 mmol/L

Hematocrit
Male 42–52% 0.42–0.52
Female 37–47% 0.37–0.47
Newborn 53–65% 0.53–0.65
Child (varies with age) 30–43% 0.30–0.43

Hemoglobin (Hb)
Male 14.0–18.0 g/dL 2.17–2.79 mmol/L
Female 12.0–16.0 g/dL 1.86–2.48 mmol/L
Newborn 17.0–23.0 g/dL 2.64–3.57 mmol/L
Child (varies with age) 11.2–16.5 g/dL 1.74–2.56 mmol/L

Hemoglobin, fetal >1 y old: <2% of total Hb >1 y old: <0.02% of

total Hb

Hemoglobin, plasma <3 mg/dL <0.47 µmol/L

*Iron, serum
Males 65–175 µg/dL 11.6–31.3 µmol/L
Females 50–170 µg/dL 9.0–30.4 µol/L

Iron binding capacity,

serum total (TIBC) 250–425 µg/dL 44.8–71.6 µmol/L

Iron saturation, serum

Male 20–50% 0.2–0.5
Female 15–50% 0.15–0.5

*Isoenzymes, serum by agarose

gel electrophoresis
Fraction 1 14–26% of total 0.14–0.26 fraction
of total
Fraction 2 29–39% of total 0.29–0.39 fraction
of total
Fraction 3 20–26% of total 0.20–0.26 fraction
of total
Fraction 4 8–16% of total 0.08–0.16 fraction
of total
Fraction 5 6–16% of total 0.06–0.16 fraction
of total
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Normal Lab Values

Tests Conventional Units SI Units

*Lactate dehydrogenase, CSF 10% of serum value 0.10 fraction of serum
value

*Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

Total (LBP), 37°C, serum
Newborn 290–775 U/L 4.9–13.2 µkat/L
Neonate 545–2000 U/L 9.3–34 µkat/L
Infant 180–430 U/L 3.1–7.3 µkat/L
Child 110–295 U/L 1.9–5 µkat/L
Adult 100–190 U/L 1.7–3.2 µkat/L
>60 y 110–210 U/L 1.9–3.6 µkat/L

*Lipase, serum 23–300 U/L (37°C) 0.39–5.1 µkat/L (37°C)

Magnesium
Serum 1.3–2.1 mEq/L 0.65–1.07 mmol/L
1.6–2.6 mg/dL 16–26 mg/L
Urine 6.0–10.0 mEq/24 h 3.0–5.0 mmol/24 h

Methemoglobin, (metHb, 0.06–0.24 g/dL or 9.3–37.2 µmol/L or

hemoglobin), whole blood 0.78 ± 0.37% of mass fraction of

Normal Lab Values

[EDTA], Hep or ACD) total Hb (SD) total Hb:0.008 ±
0.0037 (SD)

Occult blood, feces, random Negative (<2 mL blood/ Negative (<13.3 mL

150 g stool/d) stool/d)

Osmolality
Serum 275–295 mOsm/kg 275–295 mmol/kg
serum water serum water
Urine 50–1200 mOsm/kg water 50–1200 mmol/kg water
Ratio, urine/serum 1.0–3.0, 1.0–3.0,
3.0–4.7 after 12 h 3.0–4.7 after 12 h
fluid restriction fluid restriction

Oxygen, blood
Capacity 16–24 vol% 7.14–10.7 mmol/L
(varies with hemoglobin) (varies with hemoglobin)
Content
Arterial 15–23 vol% 6.69–10.3 mmol/L
Venous 10–16 vol% 4.46–7.14 mmol/L
Saturation
Arterial and capillary 95–98% of capacity 0.95–0.98 of capacity
Venous 60–85% of capacity 0.60–0.85 of capacity
Tension
PO2 arterial and capillary 83–108 mmHg 11.1–14.4 kPa
Venous 35–45 mmHg 4.6–6.0 kPa

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Appendix 2

Tests Conventional Units SI Units

Partial thromboplastin time
activated (APTT) <35 sec <35 sec

pH
Blood, arterial 7.35–7.45 7.35–7.45
Urine 4.6–8.0 (depends on diet) Same

*Phosphatase, alkaline,
total, serum 38–126 U/L (37°C) 0.65–2.14 µkat/L

Phosphate, inorganic, serum

Adult 2.7–4.5 mg/dL 0.87–1.45 mmol/L
Child 4.5–5.5 mg/dL 1.45–1.78 mmol/L

Potassium
Serum
Premature
Cord 5.0–10.2 mmol/L 5.0–10.2 mmol/L
48 h 3.0–6.0 mmol/L 3.0–6.0 mmol/L
Newborn cord 5.6–12.0 mmol/L 5.6–12.0 mmol/L
Newborn 3.7–5.9 mmol/L 3.7–5.9 mmol/L
Infant 4.1–5.3 mmol/L 4.1–5.3 mmol/L
Child 3.4–4.7 mmol/L 3.4–4.7 mmol/L
Adult 3.5–5.1 mmol/L 3.5–5.1 mmol/L
Urine, 24 h 25–125 mmol/d; 25–125 mmol/d;
varies with diet varies with diet
CSF 70% of plasma level or 0.70 of plasma level;
2.5–3.2 mmol/L; rises with rises with plasma
plasma hyperosmolality hyperosmolality

Prealbumin (transthyretin), serum 10–40 mg/dL 100–400 mg/L

Progesterone receptor

*Prostate-specific antigen
(PSA), serum
Male <4.0 ng/mL <4.0 µg/L

*Protein, serum
Total 6.4–8.3 g/dL 64–83 g/L
Albumin 3.9–5.1 g/dL 39–51 g/L
Globulin
α1 0.2–0.4 g/dL 2–4 g/L
α2 0.4–0.8 g/dL 4–8 g/L
β 0.5–1.0 g/dL 5–10 g/L
γ 0.6–1.3 g/dL 6–13 g/L
Urine
Qualitative Negative Negative
Quantitative 50–80 mg/24 h (at rest) 50–80 mg/24 h (at rest)
CSF, total 8–32 mg/dL 80–320 mg/dL

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Normal Lab Values

Tests Conventional Units SI Units

*Prothrombin time (PT) 12–14 sec 12–14 sec

Sodium
Serum or plasma (Hep)
Premature
Cord 116–140 mmol/L 116–140 mmol/L
48 h 128–148 mmol/L 128–148 mmol/L
Newborn, cord 126–166 mmol/L 126–166 mmol/L
Newborn 133–146 mmol/L 133–146 mmol/L
Infant 139–146 mmol/L 139–146 mmol/L
Child 138–145 mmol/L 138–145 mmol/L
Adult 136–145 mmol/L 136–145 mmol/L
Urine, 24 h 40–220 mEq/d (diet 40–220 mmol/d (diet
dependent) dependent)
Sweat
Normal 10–40 mmol/L 10–40 mmol/L
Cystic fibrosis 70–190 mmol/L 70–190 mmol/L

Specific gravity, urine 1.002–1.030 1.002–1.030

*Thyroid-stimulating hormone
0.4–4.2 µU/mL

Normal Lab Values

(TSH), serum 0.4–4.2 mU/L

Thyroxine (T4) serum 5–12 µg/dL (varies with age, 65–155 nmol/L (varies
higher in children and with age, higher in
pregnant women) children and pregnant
women)

*Thyroxine, free, serum 0.8–2.7 ng/dL 10.3–35 pmol/L

Thyroxine binding globulin

(TBG), serum 1.2–3.0 mg/dL 12–30 mg/L

Triglycerides, serum, fasting

Desirable <250 mg/dL <2.83 mmol/L
Borderline high 250–500 mg/dL 2.83–5.67 mmol/L
Hypertriglyceridemic >500 mg/dL >5.65 mmol/L

*Triiodothyronine,
total (T3) serum 100–200 ng/dL 1.54–3.8 nmol/L

*Troponin-I, cardiac, serum undetectable undetectable

Urobilinogen, urine 0.1–0.8 EU/2 h 0.1–0.8 EU/2 h

0.5–4.0 EU/d 0.5–4.0 EU/d

Valproic acid, serum or plasma

(Hep or EDTA); trough
Therapeutic 50–100 µg/mL 347–693 µmol/L
Toxic >100 µg/mL >693 µmol/L

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Appendix 2

Tests Conventional Units SI Units

Vancomycin, serum or plasma
(Hep or EDTA)
Therapeutic
Peak 20–40 µg/mL 14–28 µmol/L
Trough 5–10 µg/mL 3–7 µmol/L
Toxic >80–100 µg/mL >55–69 µmol/L

Urea nitrogen, serum 6–20 mg/dL 2.1–7.1 mmol urea/L

*Uric acid
Serum, enzymatic
Male 4.5–8.0 mg/dL 0.27–0.47 mmol/L
Female 2.5–6.2 mg/dL 0.15–0.37 mmol/L
Child 2.0–5.5 mg/dL 0.12–0.32 mmol/L
Urine 250–750 mg/24h 1.48–4.43 mmol/24h
(with normal diet) (with normal diet)

Vitamin B12, serum 110–800 pg/mL 81–590 pmol/L

* Test values are method dependent.
†Test values are race dependent.
‡Actual therapeutic range should be adjusted for individual patient.
§ “Fatty acids” include a mixture of different aliphatic acids of varying molecular weight; a mean mole-
cular weight of 284 daltons has been assumed.

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