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Set 2 Formulas

This document discusses various methods for determining soil permeability and compaction in geotechnical engineering. It defines key terms like dry unit weight, moisture content, and relative compaction. It also outlines three common field methods for determining soil compaction: the sand cone method, rubber balloon method, and nuclear method. Finally, it describes different permeability tests that can be conducted, such as constant head tests and falling head tests, and how permeability is calculated using measurements from pumping tests.

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Allyson Dulfo
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61 views2 pages

Set 2 Formulas

This document discusses various methods for determining soil permeability and compaction in geotechnical engineering. It defines key terms like dry unit weight, moisture content, and relative compaction. It also outlines three common field methods for determining soil compaction: the sand cone method, rubber balloon method, and nuclear method. Finally, it describes different permeability tests that can be conducted, such as constant head tests and falling head tests, and how permeability is calculated using measurements from pumping tests.

Uploaded by

Allyson Dulfo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 2

Formulas 𝑊3 = 𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙


where: 𝑊2 = 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
SOIL COMPACTION 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒
𝛾𝑑 (𝑚𝑖𝑛) 𝑊𝑐 = 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦
Moist Unit Weight of Compaction 𝑅𝑜 =
𝛾𝑑 (𝑚𝑎𝑥) 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒

𝑊 Three methods of determining the field unit


𝛾=
𝑉𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑑 weight of compaction: PERMEABILITY

Dry Unit Weight 1. Sand cone method Transmissivity or Transmissibility


2. Rubber balloon method
𝛾 3. Nuclear method ℎ
𝛾𝑑 = 𝜔% 𝑖=
1+ 𝐿
100
𝑊5 = 𝑊1 − 𝑊4
𝐺𝑠 𝛾𝑤
𝛾𝑑 = 𝐺𝑠 𝜔 Dry weight of soil Discharge Velocity
1+
𝑆
𝑊2 𝑉 = 𝐾𝑖
𝑊3 =
Zero Air Void Unit Weight 1 +
𝜔%
100 Flow Rate
𝐺𝑠 𝛾𝑤
𝛾𝑧𝑎𝑣 = Volume of the excavated hole 𝑞 = 𝐾𝑖𝐴
1 + 𝜔𝐺𝑠
𝑊5 − 𝑊𝑐 Seepage Velocity or Interstitial Velocity
Relative Compaction 𝑉=
𝛾𝑑 (𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑)
𝛾𝑑 (𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑) 𝑉
𝑅(%) = 𝑥 100 Dry unit weight of compaction made in the 𝑉𝑠 =
𝛾𝑑 (𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑙𝑎𝑏) 𝑛
field
Coefficient of Leakage
Relative Density 𝑊3
𝛾𝑑 =
𝑉 𝐾′
𝛾𝑑 (𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑) − 𝛾𝑑 (𝑚𝑖𝑛) 𝛾𝑑 (𝑚𝑎𝑥) 𝐿𝑒 =
𝐷𝑟 = [ ][ ] 𝑏′
𝛾𝑑 (𝑚𝑎𝑥) − 𝛾𝑑 (𝑚𝑖𝑛) 𝛾𝑑 (𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑) where:
Retardation Coefficient
Relative Compaction 𝑊5 = 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒
𝑊1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑒𝑖ℎ𝑔𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑗𝑎𝑟 + 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒 + 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐾
𝑅𝑜 𝑊4 = 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑗𝑎𝑟, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑎=
𝑅= 𝐿𝑒
1 − 𝐷𝑟(1 − 𝑅𝑜) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑

JMAG
04/20/2020
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 2

Leakage factor Permeability Permeability test by Pumping from Wells

𝑄𝐿 A. Well in an unconfined permeable layer


𝐾𝑏 𝐾=
𝐵=√ 𝐴ℎ𝑇 underlain by an impermeable stratum
𝐿𝑒
𝑟1
𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐾20℃ = 𝑅𝑇 𝐾 𝑄 ln
𝑟2
Hydraulic conductivity or Coefficient of 𝐾=
Permeability (Saturated soils) B. Falling Head Test 𝜋 (ℎ1 2 − ℎ2 2 )

Hydraulic Temperature correction B. Well in a confined aquifer underlain by an


Type of soil impermeable stratum
conductivity
1-100 Clean gravel 𝑅𝑇 = 2.42 − 0.475 ln 𝑇
𝑟1
0.01-1 Coarse sand 𝑄 𝑙𝑛
𝑟2
0.001-0.01 Fine sand Permeability 𝐾=
2𝜋𝑡 (ℎ1 − ℎ2 )
0.00001-0.001 Silty clay
<0.000001 Clay 𝑎𝐿 ℎ1
𝐾= ln ( ) Transmissivity of Aquifer in a Pumping
𝐴𝑇 ℎ2 Test
Absolute Permeability
Equivalent Horizontal Hydraulic 𝑟
Conductivity 𝑄 ln ( 1 )
𝑘ƞ 𝑟2
|𝐾| = 𝑇=
𝛾𝑤 2𝜋(𝑧2 − 𝑧1 )
where: 𝐾𝐻(𝑒𝑞) 𝐻 = ∑ 𝑘𝐻

ƞ = 𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑘1 𝐻1 + 𝑘2 𝐻2 + 𝑘3 𝐻3
𝐾𝐻(𝑒𝑞) =
Transmissivity of Soil Stratum 𝐻

𝐻 = 𝐻1 + 𝐻2 + 𝐻3
𝑇 = |𝐾 | 𝑏
Equivalent Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity
METHODS OF COMPUTING COEFFICIENT
OF PERMEABILITY 𝐻 𝐻
= ∑( )
𝐾𝑉(𝑒𝑞) 𝑘
A. Constant Head Test
𝐻
Temperature correction 𝐾𝑉(𝑒𝑞) = 𝐻 𝐻 𝐻
( 1) + ( 2) + ( 3)
𝑘1 𝑘2 𝑘3
𝑅𝑇 = 2.42 − 0.475 ln 𝑇

JMAG
04/20/2020

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