Date – 16th Oct 2019
SUBJECT: PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN MANUAL FOR RECIPROCATING
COMPRESSORS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Compressors Types, Selection, and Sizing Guidelines
Introduction
Codes, Standards and References
Nomenclature and Definitions
General
Types of Compressors
Advantages and Disadvantages of Compressors
Basic Principals and Methods of Compression
Selection Considerations
Factors to Be Considered When Selection of Compressors
Lubrication Systems
Seal Systems
Ancillary Equipment
Tables
Figures
2. Steps to Compressors Sizing and Selection
3. Types of Industrial Application
Types of Industrial Applications
Upstream
Midstream
Downstream
Upstream Compression Applications 4
Introduction
Gas Gathering
Gas Lift/Reinjection
Gas Processing Plant
Midstream (Pipeline) Compression Application
Downstream Compression Application
Introduction
Refinery Applications
LNG Production
4. Design Calculations for Reciprocating Compressors
Performance Evaluation
Estimation of Compressor Horse Power (HP)
Detailed Calculations
Capacity
Differential Head
Volumetric Efficiency
Net Capacity
Allowable Discharge Temperature
Detailed Horse Power Calculations (HP)
Compressor Performance Characteristics
Piston Displacement
Compression Ratio
Actual Capacity v/s of Actual Delivery
Clearance Volume
Percentage Clearance
Cylinder Unloading and Clearance Pockets
Volumetric Efficiency
Compression Efficiency (Adiabatic)
Mechanical Efficiency
Piston Speed
Horsepower
Signal Stage (Theoretical , Loss Factor, and Break HP)
Multi – Stage (Theoretical, Loss Factor, and Break HP
Temperature Rise—Adiabatic
Temperature Rise—Polytropic
Altitude Conversion
Example of Single Stage Compressor BHP and Discharge Temperatures
Calculations
Example of Double Stage Compressor BHP and Discharge Temperatures
Calculations
5. Reciprocating Compressor Construction and Other Engineering Considerations
5.1 Nomenclature
5.2 Types of Reciprocating Compressors
Separable compressors
Integral compressors
5.3 Prime Movers
Combustion Engines
Electric Motors
Turbines
5.4 Major Components
Frame
Cylinder
Distance Piece
Crankshaft
Piston
Bearings
Compressor Valves
5.5 Material of Construction
5.6 Compressor Performance
Piston displacement
Clearance volume
Application
Fixed-volume Clearance Pockets
Variable Clearance Pockets
Split-valve Yokes
Allowable Critical Speed
Volumetric Efficiency
Rod Load
Single-acting Cylinder (head end)
Single-acting cylinder (crank end)
Double-acting Cylinder
Other Performance Factors
Performance Maps
5.7 Process Installation
Recycle Valve
Blowdown Valve
Suction Scrubber
Relief Valves
5.8 Pulsation
Pulsation Control Devices
Pulsation Design
5.9 Vibration Considerations
Piping Vibration
Foundation Design
5.10 Cylinder Cooling
Cooling Systems
Gas Engines
Intercoolers and Aftercoolers
Types of Coolers
Water Cooled Shell and Tube
Air Cooled Exchangers
5.11 Cooling Console
Process Design of Cooling Water Circuit (Consoles) – Reciprocating
Compressors
References
Definitions and Terminology
Symbols and Abbreviations
Design
Internal Combustion Engines, Cooling Systems
Coolers
Design Requirements and Features for Intercooling and Aftercooling Facilities
5.12 Lubrication
Frame Lubrication
Splash Lubrication
Pressurized Lubrication
Main Oil Pump
Auxiliary Pump (optional)
Pre-lube Pump (Optional)
Oil Cooler
Oil Filters
Overhead Tank
Piping
Cylinder and Packing Lubrication
Crank Case Lubrication
5.13 Pressure Vessels
Separators
Pulsation Suppression Devices
5.14 Piping and apparatus
Piping Design Process Guidelines
Piping Material and Sizes
Lubricating Oil Piping Requirements
Coolant Piping Requirements
Instrument Piping Requirements
Drain and Vent Piping
Blowdown Piping
Relief Valve Piping
6. Controls and Instrumentations
General
Control systems
Instrumentation
Alarms and Shutdown
Vibration and Position Detectors
Temperature Monitoring System
7. Capacity Control
Method of Capacity Control
Speed Variation
Clearance Variations
Bypass Systems
Valve Removal and Unloading
Suction Pressure Limitations
8. Shutdowns, Alarms and
Required Shutdowns
Alarms and Shutdowns
Emergency Shutdown
Shutdown and Alarm Settings
9. Typical Start-up Flow Logic Diagram
10. Typical Shutdown Flow Logic Diagram
11. Trouble Shooting Guide
12. Reciprocating Compressor Package Data Sheets
API 618 Reciprocating Compressor Data Sheet
ISO 13631 Reciprocating Compressor Data Sheet
13. ISO 13631 Package Reciprocating Compressors Data Sheet (Vendor or
Manufacturer Design)
14. ISO 13631 Package Reciprocating Compressor Purchaser Check List
15. Drawings and Documents Expected By Engineering Companies