Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to www.scribd.com

Scribd
Upload
4K views7 pages

1 Introduction To Leveling PDF

The document discusses leveling and surveying concepts. It defines leveling as determining the height of points relative to a datum, often mean sea level, which is the lowest level water remains stable. Bench marks are previously established points used as references, and should be placed safely away from destruction. The level instrument components include a tripod, staff, and telescope with crosshairs and eyepiece. Taking level readings involves focusing the eyepiece to see staff markings clearly and recording the height to three decimal places. Horizontal distance is calculated using upper and lower stadia lines. The document explains how to set up the level instrument by leveling the tripod base plate and centering the bubble using three screws.

Uploaded by

Brwa Abdulrahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4K views7 pages

1 Introduction To Leveling PDF

The document discusses leveling and surveying concepts. It defines leveling as determining the height of points relative to a datum, often mean sea level, which is the lowest level water remains stable. Bench marks are previously established points used as references, and should be placed safely away from destruction. The level instrument components include a tripod, staff, and telescope with crosshairs and eyepiece. Taking level readings involves focusing the eyepiece to see staff markings clearly and recording the height to three decimal places. Horizontal distance is calculated using upper and lower stadia lines. The document explains how to set up the level instrument by leveling the tripod base plate and centering the bubble using three screws.

Uploaded by

Brwa Abdulrahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

University of Sulaimani Survey Lecture

Department of Civil Engineering Second Stage


Fakher M. Qader 2019-2020

Surveying Levelling

Leveling: is the process in which the height of a point is determined wi t h


respect to the datum

Datum: height of points is determined relative to a referenced surface


which is called datum such as mean sea level (MSL)

Mean Sea Level: Lowest level in which water does not flow and remains
stable

Figure 1: Sea Level

Bench Mark (BM): points whose elevations have been determined


previously and they can be used as reference for
other points. Bench marks can be constructed
permanently or temporarily. It is recommended to
establish bench mark at a safe place away from any
destruction.

1
University of Sulaimani Survey Lecture
Department of Civil Engineering Second Stage
Fakher M. Qader 2019-2020

Level Instrument Components

Fig. 2 illustrates various components of the level device

Figure 2: Level Components

Figure 3: Surveying Staff

Figure 4: Tripod

2
University of Sulaimani Survey Lecture
Department of Civil Engineering Second Stage
Fakher M. Qader 2019-2020

Levelling Staff Reading

After levelling of the level device is done, point the telescope toward the
staff and try to adjust the eye piece screw until the eye piece lens is clean
enough to see the numbers on the staff.

Figure 5: Eye Piece Screw

Rotate the eye piece screw to bring the cross hair to view.

Figure 6: Using Focusing Knob to clear the screen

3
University of Sulaimani Survey Lecture
Department of Civil Engineering Second Stage
Fakher M. Qader 2019-2020

Three decimal digits are taken from staff reading. For example, as it can
be seen from Fig. 8 one of the reading is 1.995 in which 1 is meter, 99 is
cm and 5 is mm. Several reading are shown in this figure.

It is demontrated from Fig. 7 that three horzental black lines are


presented in which upper stadia, horizental cross line and lower stadia are
denoted as t,u and b respectively. Both t and b are used to calulate the
horizental distance between level device and staff using following formula

Figure 7: Stadia Lines 𝐷 = 100(𝑡 − 𝑏)


Upper Stadia

b : Lower Stadi t+b


u=
2
u : Horizental Cross Line

D : Horizental distance between level and staff point

Horizental reading can be check using above formula

4
University of Sulaimani Survey Lecture
Department of Civil Engineering Second Stage
Fakher M. Qader 2019-2020

Figure 8: Staff Reading

5
University of Sulaimani Survey Lecture
Department of Civil Engineering Second Stage
Fakher M. Qader 2019-2020

How to set up a level instrument

Put the tripod on the ground and elongate the legs appropriate to your
height so that you can work with device conveniently and try the base
plate to be horizontally leveled.

4
3

Figure 9: Setting up the level

6
University of Sulaimani Survey Lecture
Department of Civil Engineering Second Stage
Fakher M. Qader 2019-2020

Figure 10: Leveling the instrument with screw

Firstly, try the base plate of the tripod to be horizontally leveled then work
with two screws simultaneously and turn them as illustrated in Fig.10
when the bubble comes to the middle of these two screws then us i ng t he
third screw try to bring the bubble to the center.

You might also like