How To Handle Emergency SQUAWK

ASSIST :
7500 – Hijack
7600 – Lost Comm (radio failure)
7700 – Emergency
 A : Dapatkan Squawk Jika butuh
 S : Pisahkan pesawat dari lalu lintas lain, Kasih Ruang manuver
 S : Diam pada frekuensi, mencegah kekacauan yang tidak perlu untuk pilot
 I : Beri tahu mereka yang perlu tahu dan mereka yang bisa membantu, beri tahu tfc yg lain
 S : mendukung pilot dengan cara apa pun yang memungkinkan, mulai cari jalan keluar
 T : Beri pilot untuk berfikir, jangan menekan untuk mendapatkan informasi. 

Beberapa insiden dasar yang biasanya dialami oleh Virtual Pilots di IVAO (khususnya pengguna
FSPax) harus ditangani oleh ATC (terutama untuk TWR)

GEAR PROBLEMS

Expect :
- Go Arround
- request for foam carpet
- Manual gear extension
- RWY blocked after landing

Remember :
- Informasikan & Koordinasi dengan Unit ATC lainnya
- Atur LOW PASS untuk inspeksi visual oleh TWR
- Diperlukan pengurangan berat (fuel dumping / fuel burning)
- Clear RWY ketika ACFT on 25nm final
- Jaga jalur keselamatan dengan jelas
- Towing & Emergency equipment on standby

If needed, inform the pilot about :

- ACFT Configuration e.g : Gear appears down / gear door closed

BIRD STRIKE

May Result in :
- Broken Windhsield / Canopy
- Engine Failure (Single & Multi engine) - see below
- Hydraulic Problems
- Precautionary Approach

Expect :
- Aborted Take Off (when on take off rolling position)
- Immediate return to aerodrome
- Landing next suitable aerodrome
- Restricted Visibility (due broken windshield)

Remember :
- ASSIST
- Inform & Coordination with other ATC / Emergency unit
- Is pilot able to control ACFT ?
- Allow long final if requested
- Check RWY (if birdstrike after takeoff)

If needed, inform the pilot about :

- Alternate aerodrome details (RWY in use, leghth, survace, NAVAID etc)

ENGINE FAILURE (Multi Engine ACFT)

May Result in :
- Aborted Take off
- Pressurisation problems
- Fuel dumping
- Precautionary Approach

Expect :
- Heavy workload in the cockpit
- Deviation from SID/STAR
- Intermediate level off / Descent
- Course Deviation
- Pressuration problems

Remember :
- ASSIST
- Inform & Coordination with other ATC / Emergency unit (include Towing car if needed)
- Clear RWY according to local instructions e.g 20nm final
- Keep safety strip clear
- Offer pilot to extend final
- In case of emergency landing other than at an aerodrome, record last known position and time!

If needed, inform pilot about :

- Next suitable aerodrome
- Aerodrome details (RWY in use, leghth, survace, NAVAID etc)
- WX information of landing aerodrome (wind, visibility, ceiling & QNH)

Engine / APU on Fire

May Result in :
- Aborted T/O
- Engine Failure (Single/Multi Engine)
- Smoke/Fire on Cockpit/Cabin
- Emergency Landing
Expect :
- Heavy workload in the cockpit
- Engine Shutdown / fire extinguishing

ACFT on the ground :

- Pax evacuation
- RWY Bloked

ACFT in the air :

- Pressurisation problems
- ACFT losing altitude
- Landing next suitable aerodrome
- Possible emergency landing (Single engine) 

Remember :
- ASSIST
- Inform other ATC Station / Emergency (Fire) equipment stdby position
- Ask for dangerous goods
- Ask for number of POB
- Inform landing aerodrome
- Clear RWY according to local instructions (e.g. 20 nm final)
- Keep safety strip clear
- In case of emergency landing, record last known position and time

If needed, inform pilots about

- Next suitable alternate aerodrome
- Aerodrome details (RWY active, length, surface, elev etc)
- WX information (wind, visibility, ceiling, QNH)
- Observed fire and/or smoke

Fuel Problems / Leak

May result in :
- Engine Failure (Single/Multi Engine)
- Outside Landing

Expect :
- MAYDAY low on fuel emergency with imminent danger to ACFT
- PAN PAN minimum fuel ACFT needs priority handling
- Improper use of phraseology, verify actial fuel status!!
(Low on..., minimum... or minimum diversion fuel)

Remember :
- ASSIST
- Inform other ATC Station / Emergency (Towing Car?) equipment stdby position
- Keep ACFT high (save fuel)
- Avoid ATC-caused GO AROUND
- Inform landing aerodrome
- Ask for dangerous goods
- Ask for number of POB
- Clear RWY according to local instructions (e.q 20nm final)
- Keep safety strip clear
- In case of emergency landing, record last known position and time

If needed, inform pilots about

- Next suitable alternate aerodrome
- Aerodrome details (RWY active, length, surface, elev etc)
- WX information (wind, visibility, ceiling, QNH)

Hydraulic Problems
(Complete or partial failure of Flight controls, gear, brakes, flaps, nosewheel steering)

May result in :
- Gear problems
- Brake problems
- Relatively high-speed Approach & Landing

Expect :
- Limited manoeuvrability
- Limited Flap setting
- Limited bank angle
- Manual gear extension, no retraction possible
- Holding pattern for necessary checks
- Extended final
- Higher approach speed on final
- Possible overrun due limited braking capability
- RWY Blocked

Remember :
- ASSIST
- Inform other ATC Station / Emergency (Towing Car?) equipment stdby position
- Assign level blocks (at least two levels)
- Avoid ATC-caused GO AROUND
- Inform landing aerodrome
- Ask for dangerous goods
- Ask for number of POB
- Clear RWY according to local instructions (e.q 20nm final)
- Keep safety strip clear

If needed, inform pilots about

- Next suitable alternate aerodrome
- Aerodrome details (RWY active, length, surface, elev etc)
- WX information (wind, visibility, ceiling, QNH)
- Fire/smoke on brakes/landing gear
Smoke/fire on the cockpit/cabin

Expect :
- High stress level in the cockpit
- Shortest high-speed vector to land - nearest suitable aerodrome
- Poor R/T (oxygen mask) or lost of R/T - Define appropriate comfail procedure in due time
- Pax evacuation
- RWY blocked

Remember :
- ASSIST
- Inform other ATC Station / Emergency (Fire) equipment stdby position
- Ask for dangerous goods
- Ask for number of POB
- Inform landing aerodrome
- Clear RWY according to local instructions (e.g. 20 nm final)
- Keep safety strip clear
- APP-/RWY lighting system 100%

If needed, inform pilots about

- Track miles to touchdown of next suitable aerodrome
- Availability of automatic approach low visibility procedure
- Aerodrome details (RWY active, length, surface, elev etc)
- WX information (wind, visibility, ceiling, QNH)
- Observed fire and/or smoke

Pressurisation Problems

May result in : 
Emergency Descent

Expect :
- ACFT will stop climb & request for immediate descent
- Emergency descent without warning
- Turn off track
- No emergency squawk
- Turn off track
- Poor R/T (oxygen mask)

Remember :
- ASSIST
- Inform other ATC Station
- After emergency descent, request intentions (Diversion, Injuries, ACFT damage?)
- Clear airspace directly beneath the ACFT
- Consider ACFT to be still in an emergency situation.

If needed, inform pilots about

- if possible revise heading e.g 15 to 45 degrees off track