Ednas School of San Carlos

San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Senior High School Department

S.Y. 2018-2019

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Quantitative Research

Impacts of Parental Involvement in the Academic Achievement

of Ednas School of San Carlos Junior High School students

Submitted by:

Al Lorenzo M. Bancolita Jr.

Jose Ramil C. Gole Cruz Jr.

Gabriel James M. Ylarde

Rachel Jade R. Decena

Lovely Jade P. Patayan

Joanna T. Rosario

Submitted to:

Ms. Jennie D. Ng
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Rationale of the Study

“At the end of the day, the most overwhelming key to a child's success is the

positive involvement of parents.” (Hull, 2010) Education is the process of facilitating

learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational

methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. It is a

discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and learning in schools or school-

like environments as opposed to various non-formal and informal means

of socialization (e.g., rural development projects and education through parent-child

relationships).Education is essential for the development of society. The more educated

the people of a society are, the more civilized and well-disciplined the society might be.

Mainly, family has the responsibility to socialize children for making them productive

members of society. The more the parents involve in the process of imparting education

to their children, the more the children might excel in their academic career and to

become the productive and responsible members of society. It has been assumed that

academic achievement of students may not only depend on the quality of schools and the

teachers, rather, the extent of parental involvement has a vital role to play in the academic

achievement of their kids.

Parental involvement can be interpreted in many different ways. Traditionally, it

meant to attend every meeting, conference, function, etc. parents were invited to. Parent
involvement in the 21st century means much more than that. Parents today need to

understand that they have a much more participative role in their children’s education.

Parents are taking leadership roles in the school environment. All over the country, parent

groups are getting more organized as advisory councils, to identify systemic issues in the

school district and to provide ideas and suggestions to solve those issues. The idea that

parental involvement has positive influence on student’s academic achievement is so

appealing that society in general, and educators in particular, have considered parental

involvement an important ingredient for the remedy for many problems in education .

Education begins at home. The responsibility to socialize and educate children is

a shared obligation between parents and schools. In order for a child to reach academic

achievement, parents must be involved and participate in the educational process. The

more parental involvement, the more students are likely to become productive members

of society as well as to excel in academics. Parental involvement impacts students’

academics.

Theoretical Framework

Parenting Communicating Learning at Home

Parental Involvement

Collaborating with
Volunteering Decision Making
Community
Table 1. Theoretical Framework of the study

The educational experts at the Michigan Department of Education note that 86 per

cent of the public consider parents key pieces in the school success puzzle. Getting

involved in your child's academics and educational environment can help her succeed at

school, improve her grades and boost test scores. When it comes to school and the child's

education, John Hopkins University scholar Joyce Epstein describes a six-type theory of

parental involvement. This includes parenting, which covers creating positive educational

environments at home through family support programs and home visits, communicating

between home and school, volunteering in the school, learning at home such as helping

the child with homework, decision-making such as involving yourself in a parent-teacher

organization or advocacy group, and collaborating with the community to identify

essential family resources and services.

Conceptual Framework

This graphical representation shows the steps done by the researchers in the study.

Researchers’
Choosing of part
brainstorming
and making of
the research
title
 Combining
of data Collecting of Data

Passing of Survey
Checking of Questionnaires
participating
respondents

Analyzing and Summarizing

of the respondents’ opinions

Table 2. Conceptual Framework of the study

Statement of the Problem

This study will find out the impacts of parental involvement on the academic

achievement of Ednas school of San Carlos Junior High school students. This will answer

the following problems:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the following:

1.1 Name (optional)

 1.2 Gender

1.3 Age

1.4 Grade Level

2. What are the effects of Parental Involvement on the students’ academic

achievement?

3. How can the Parental Involvement improve the academic achievement of the

students?

Assumptions of the Study

The researchers assume that activities that include parental involvement such as

the Project-Based Learning and Parent-Student conferences improve the students’

academic performance.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

The researchers will show the impacts of parental involvement on the academic

achievement of Ednas School of San Carlos Junior High School students. The researchers

will conduct a survey about the opinions of the students about the impacts of parental

involvement in their academics.

Significance of the Study

 Learning is the aspect of development that connotes modification of behavior,

skills and knowledge that results from practice and experience, which seek for quality

education.

The generalization of this present study would be a great attribution to the vast

knowledge in relation to student’s achievements. Vital results of this study could be

highly significant and beneficial specifically to the following:

Students. The students will be aware about the level of influence of their parent’s

involvement and could possibly inspire them to do better in school.

Parents. The results of this study will inform the parents on the level of their

influence towards their children.

Teachers. This study will help develop the guidance program in line with

individual needs and abilities of the students.

School Administrator. The results of this study can serve as a standard data to

improve programs for school advancement.

Definition of Terms

1. Parental Involvement. This is a combination of commitment and active participation on

the part of the parent to the school and to the student (LaBahn, J., 1995)

2. Academic Achievement. It represents performance outcomes that indicate the extent to

which a person has accomplished specific goals that were the focus of activities in

instructional environments, specifically in school, college, and university (Steinmayr et

al., 2014)
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The literature review of this study focuses on the impacts of parental involvement on the

academic achievement of students. It explains further the relationship of the taken literatures and

studies to the present research studies. These materials provided the researchers more

understanding and wider comprehension regarding the problem.

Related Literature

According to the literature review of Adrianes Pinantoan (2016), While brain power,

work ethic, and even genetics all play important roles in a student’s achievement, the

determining factor comes down to what kind of support system a student has at home. Students

with two parents operating in supportive roles are 52% more likely to enjoy school and get

straight A’s than students whose parents are disengaged with what’s going on at school. This is

especially the case during the earliest years of schooling, in Kindergarten through the 5th grade,

when students with active parents are almost twice as likely to succeed. Once students enter

middle school, the effect diminishes slightly—possibly because they are maturing during this

time— but there is still a 22% difference. Another key to sustained academic success is

progressing through each grade level with confidence and mastery. But even if the parental

support is there, financial setbacks can pose serious problems. Between 1996 and 2007, the

percentage of “low-income” students typically held back a grade reached 25%, while the

percentage of “non-poor” students remained low and relatively constant.

 According to Joep Bakker & Eddie Denessen (2007), the emergence of the concept and

significance of parental involvement stems most certainly from the (language) compensation

programs implemented in the 1960’s and 1970’s in the US

and Europe (see Brooks-Gun, Berlin, and Fuligni,2000 for an overview). Like many other

concepts in the social sciences, parental involvement is a value loaded term. It is quite

remarkable that among the vast amount of literature about parental involvement,

only a few texts reflect on its origin, nature, and connotations. In addition, Desimone (1999)

defines parent involvement as a set of group-specific actions, beliefs, and attitudes that that serve

as an operational factor in defining categorical differences among children (and their parents)

from different racial-ethnic and economic background. Apparently, parental involvement refers

to parent behaviours related to the child’s school or schooling that can be observed as

manifestations of their commitment to their child’s educational affairs. This means that a parent

who shows these behaviours in a larger extent, can be regarded as higher involved than a parent

who shows these behaviours in a lesser degree.

Related Studies

Previous researches have revealed that integrating parental involvement in the students’

has an impact to a student’s performance and achievement. Parental involvement had positive

effects to student’s academic performance and achievement.

Foreign

Based on Jamuna Kandasamy, Fonny Hutagalung, Mohd Rushdan Abdul Razak &

Zulkifli Md Isa’s study Parental involvement in students’ academic achievement: A preliminary

study (2016), former Education Minister, Dato’ Seri Hishamuddin Tun Hussein Onn (2004), has

stated that there has to be cooperation between the three main parties that is parents, school and

society in handling the discipline problem which is drastically on the rise. Apart from helping to

curb discipline problem, parents can play an effective role in increasing the academic

achievement of students (Rosenthal & Sawyers, 2006). They also found that by working

together, both parents and teachers can achieve positive results rather than working alone.

Parental involvement should not only be confined to Parent/Teachers Association or also known

as PTA activities but also be invited to involve themselves in classroom activities if they are able

to do so. The school sector (Bahagian Sekolah) of the Ministry of Education in Malaysia (2008)

reported that more than 95.000 primary school students had problems in reading, writing and

counting which the basic skills a child should have. This problem might be able to be solved if

the school allows parents to be involved. In the West, importance is given to children even in the

kindergarten level where parents are much involved. Nord (2001) says children benefit a lot if

parents are involved in their education from the beginning. This includes academic benefits

where children are able to read, write and count fast if the parents are very active in school

programs (Faires et al., 2000)

Local

A study by Bayani Ursolino Almacen entitled Parents as Education Partners Program

(PEPP): The Philippine Experience, was conducted and it focused on the perceptions of parents,

teachers and administrators of the grade schools towards parental involvement using the

evaluation model of Epstein Standards of Parental Involvement. The main purpose of the study is

to determine the present practices of parental involvement in the grade schools in the Philippines.
Specifically, the study aimed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the present practices of

parental involvement in school as evaluated by the parents, the teachers and administrators, find

out the attitudes of parents towards parental involvement in the education of the pupils, become

aware of the common barriers to parental involvement in school and design a program that will

further enhance the involvement of the parents in school. Findings of the study revealed that the

parents, teachers and administrators are extremely satisfied with the four types of parental

involvement such as: Learning at home, Decision-making and Collaborating with Community.

However, they had expressed dissatisfaction on Communication, Parenting and Volunteering.

Hence, the Parents as Education Partners (PEP) Program is highly recommended.

 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology that will be employed in the conduct of this study

which includes the discussion of research design, respondents of the study, data gathering

instrument, procedure, and statistical instrument used.

The Research Design

The descriptive method of research will be used in this study for it involves gathering

data from the high school students of Ednas School of San Carlos. Moreover, a survey reports

things the way they are. A descriptive survey study serves the following purposes: to obtain

information that describes the existing phenomena by asking individuals about their perceptions

and experience. Surveys are used to explain/explore the existence of two or more variables at a

given point and they are useful where the study involves population which is too large for direct

observation (Mugenda & Mugenda, 1999). More still, descriptive studies are concerned with

gathering of facts rather than the manipulation of variables (Koul, 1984). In this regard, the

descriptive research design was considered appropriate as a means of achieving the main

objective of the study which was to know if the parental involvement affects the academic

performance of junior high school students of Ednas School of San Carlos.

Research Environment

This study shall be conducted at Ednas School of San Carlos located in Roxas Boulevard,

San Carlos City, Pangasinan. The study shall be conducted on the Junior High School students of
ESSC only. The study shall revolve around their experiences as students in relation to school

facilities integration. These shall include the classroom setting, in addition to the laboratory,

computer room, and the library of the school.

Respondents of the Study

The researchers will utilize a sample as respondents for the study. The respondents shall

comprise of the Junior high school students of Ednas School of San Carlos. Respondents shall

then be classified according to their grade level. Respondents include the Junior high school

students; 7 of which from the grade 7 and grade 8 and 8 from the grade 9 and grade 10. The

respondents will be determined through random picking regardless of their profile. They will

form the total number of 30 students.

Data Gathering Instrument

For this study, the researchers will use two instruments. First the survey-questionnaire

was used to achieve the main objective of the study. The questionnaires were distributed to the

selected Junior high school students. The questionnaire given to the students aimed to assess the

impacts of parental involvement on the academic achievement of the Junior High School

students of Ednas School of San Carlos. The questionnaire was constructed in such a way that

respondents will be able to answer it easily. Thus, the set of questionnaire was structured using

the Likert format with a five-point response scale. A Likert scale is a rating scale that requires

the subject to indicate his or her degree of agreement or disagreement to a statement. In this type

of questionnaire, the respondents were given five response choices. These options served as the

qualification of the respondent’s agreement or disagreement on each question item. Second will
be the results of the test to be administered to the sample to determine the impacts of parental

involvement in the academic achievement of the students.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will base the questionnaire on reading of the related materials from

journals, articles, previous researches from the campus and from the world-wide-web, reading

unpublished thesis and other literature which are significantly related to the study, afterwards

will be further validated.

The questionnaires will be administered to the thirty (30) respondents of the study, the

randomly picked Grades 7,8,9,10 Junior High School students of Ednas School of San Carlos.

The questions will contain items that deal with the effects of parental involvement to their grades

and performance according to the problems raised in this study.

Statistical Treatment of Data

To present in a clear and concise manner, the gathered data will be tallied and tabulated

using statistical methods for analysis and interpretation of findings.

Sub-problem no.1

To determine the profile of the respondents, namely age, name, gender and grade level,

frequency counts and percentage distribution will be employed in the study.

Sub-problem no.2

To determine the effects of Parental Involvement on the students' academic achievement,

frequency counts and percentage distribution will be employed in the study.

Sub-problem no.3
 To determine how Parental Involvement can improve the academic achievement of the

students, frequency counts and percentage distribution will be employed in the study.
 SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

This survey is for research aimed at finding out the Impacts of Parental Involvement in

the Academic Achievement of Ednas School of San Carlos Junior High School students. All the

data you disclose will be kept private. In any sort of report we make public, we will not include

information that will make it possible to identify you.

Direction: Please put a check mark or supply the information needed on the space provided.

Name: (optional) _____________ Age: _____________

Gender: _____________________ Grade Level: _______
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
QUESTIONNAIRE ALWAYS OFTEN SOME RARELY NEVER
TIMES
1. How often do you talk about
school with your parents
regarding your academics?
2. How frequent does parental
involvement improve the
results of your grades and
performance in school?
3. How frequent does parental
involvement boost your
confidence during academic
activities?
4. How often parental
involvement does help you
reach your desired grades?
5. How often do you have to
ask your parents to attend
meetings if they don't want
to?
6. How rarely does your parent
attend any school activities
like sport day, academic
clinic days, parent assembly?
7. How often do your parents
ask you about school?
8. How frequent are your
 parents concerned about your
academic standing?
9. How often are you told by
your parents to review?
10.