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Definition - Defined by Green As

Three major social processes are discussed: cooperation, accommodation, and assimilation. Cooperation is defined as two or more individuals or groups working together jointly to achieve common goals, with all participants benefiting by attaining their goals. Cooperation takes various forms from direct cooperation where people do like tasks together, to indirect cooperation where people do unlike tasks towards a common end. Cooperation is classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary forms depending on if it is found in primary groups like family, secondary groups like industry, or through interaction between groups. Cooperation is described as the foundation of social life, necessary for tasks like reproduction and child rearing, and important for progress in areas such as science, technology, agriculture, and more.

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1K views3 pages

Definition - Defined by Green As

Three major social processes are discussed: cooperation, accommodation, and assimilation. Cooperation is defined as two or more individuals or groups working together jointly to achieve common goals, with all participants benefiting by attaining their goals. Cooperation takes various forms from direct cooperation where people do like tasks together, to indirect cooperation where people do unlike tasks towards a common end. Cooperation is classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary forms depending on if it is found in primary groups like family, secondary groups like industry, or through interaction between groups. Cooperation is described as the foundation of social life, necessary for tasks like reproduction and child rearing, and important for progress in areas such as science, technology, agriculture, and more.

Uploaded by

Suneel Kumar Prajapati
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Three major social processes such as cooperation, accommodation and assimilation are

discussed below.

. ​Cooperation:

Cooperation is one of fundamental processes of social life. It is a form of social process in which
two or more individuals or groups work together jointly to achieve common goals. Cooperation is
the form of social interaction in which all participants benefit by attaining their goals.
The term ‘cooperation’ has been derived from two Latin words – ‘Co’ meaning ‘together and
Operary meaning ‘to work’. Hence, cooperation means working together for the achievement of
a common goal or goals. When two or more persons work together to gain common goal, it is
called cooperation. Boys cooperate in games, men in business, workers in production, and
public officials in community controls and so on.

Definition--
defined by Green as​ “the continuous and common Endeavour of two or more persons to
perform a task or to reach a goal that is commonly cherished.

According to Merrill and Eldregde​, “Cooperation is a form of social interaction wherein two or
more persons work together to gain a common end”.

Characteristics:

Following are the important characteristics of cooperation:

1. Cooperation is an associative process of social interaction which takes place between two or
more individuals or groups.
2. Cooperation is a conscious process in which individuals or groups have to work consciously.
4. Cooperation is a continuous process. There is continuity in the collective efforts in
cooperation.

5. Cooperation is a universal process which is found in all groups, societies and nations

Types of Cooperation:

Cooperation is of different types. Maclver and Page have divided cooperation into two main
types namely, (i) Direct Cooperation (ii) Indirect Cooperation.
(i​) Direct Cooperation:

Under direct cooperation may be included all those activities in which people do like things
together. For example, plying together, working together, carrying a load together or pulling the
car out of mud together.

(​ii) Indirect Cooperation:

Under indirect cooperation are in included those activities in which people do unlike tasks
together towards a common end. For example, when carpenters, plumbers and masons
cooperate to build a house. This cooperation is based on the principle of the division of labour.

A.W. Green has classified cooperation into three main categories such as (​i) Primary
cooperation (ii) Secondary cooperation (iii) Tertiary cooperation.

(i) Primary Cooperation:

This type of cooperation is found in primary groups such as the family. In this form, there is an
identify of interests between the individuals and the group.

(​ii) Secondary Cooperation:

Secondary cooperation is found in secondary groups such as Government, industry, trade union
and church etc. For example, in an industry, each may work in cooperation with others for his
own wages, salaries, promotion, profits and in some cases prestige and power.

(iii) Tertiary Cooperation:

This type of cooperation is ground in the interaction between the various big and small groups to
meet a particular situation. In it, the attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic;
the organisation of their cooperation is both loose and fragile.

Role of Cooperation:

Cooperation is the most elementary form of social process without which society cannot exist.
According to Kropotkin, it is so important in the life of an individual is that it is difficult to survive
without it.
Cooperation is the foundation of our social life. The continuation of the human race requires the
cooperation of male and female for reproduction and upbringing of children. Cooperation for
human beings is both a psychological and social necessity. It is needed at every step in our life.
Cooperation helps society to progress. Progress can better be achieved through united action.
The outstanding progress in science and technology, agriculture and industry, transport and
communication would not have been possible without Cooperation.

Cooperation is an urgent need of the present- day world. It is not only needed among the
individuals and groups but also among the nations. It provides solutions for many international
problems and disputes.

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