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AROHAlG Olas PA CHB Setolo} 210] SHS Boyle S + Vil SUC @ BES We} Cs SIS PA HAL 0] C99] F 7] Boe BIg] HAv2. ‘Tourism encourages the preservation of traditional customs, handicrafts and festivals that might ‘otherwise have been allowed to wane. ot —— |. FE EF BOL S4Oj0l Of2I71%| +410] BE ALE, D Fit SAB Axl Boj VAT, @ Soi SaHOHs +Aot= = SH 21 Joa HHOH| +AOIF, @ SOHO] +AO-FH Het MSH that) ee Bol goo sie 7xe] uct. © @ 3 @ Tourism the preservation | of traditional customs, that might otherwise have been encourages handicrafts and festivals allowed to wane #0 + Bab SAO SH0191 +401 SA010| HAO WE Set Maat thatad » Tourism encourages wage geteic 2) Tourism encourages / the preservation wave wept ee 3) Tourism encourages / the preservation of traditional customs, handicrafts and festivals ‘BUGS Bae MES UEYe Be, +Bols TaD aM] % Tourism encourages / the preservation / of traditional customs, handicrafts and festivals ” that might otherwise have been allowed to wane. 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BUYS MES Beek ASC He, +20 Ieln |xfo] THN Yow very 45 ase! 201217101 7S 7180] She 3S Bo} SO 71S SHY FRILICE BOL MCS FAS ISOS YEH AIC TBA Fol+ sat | cried. us eet. 2B Ole SA + SO} Foie Webi WoL ABM eS SA She is a teacher ale Atalolct SBA FOL + SA + BxH0} raw ae ae Ihave a car Us a8 220 Bch AON FLY EN TED ons ax0I-8/) 1 gave her my car. Ue Tuo UAH FC SAL F0l+ SAL + SHO + 33 40} "SIOIe Reh: Meo: MAY HOHE She makes me happy. AYE LIS oH gC 28 “ojolg4 READING Start4A0(7) 3 BAAS WSIS BHAA USS Ob] POHME +A401FS 7a B Sorof eLich. ofoja Reading A|20M| 20] ANSEh= +0179] SHE Osa BSc. 1, AIRE Sa + Bay “QUAI, OCHA), OFS SHERI CIS)’ SOM CHOE ANEAIO! LIBS LEH 4AOLPRILICL OIL} zt O18 SAOD BS AMS SASH7IS ILC OFF SOL, atILAIT7E-S-AOY CHE UES LHEHLHOY Sto4 SP] BE QANE 2MSET 21D asRIALAH PE 71501 CHEE LIBS LIEHHOY SoH SERGE SAE AM thats) ss 41042 SL ‘BUCt. Recent research / at Queensland's Gallery of Modern Art Gerhard Richter exhibition / showed / that Visitors use Instagram / as part of their aesthetic experience. GERD 22 o7e Baise eIAEIIaS AgeictS 4B wet. EDHED 82 OP / ASHE Bela Ro AESIEE aoe) ale /yieICt /DemMEE eAciIES ABEICE 2 8/150) oss Belay ee EXERCISE +0178 SetHiol a WSS Ot MOIS! , aint MIS MOTOS, This connects audiences with museum content in a way that they can control and is meaningful to them. 2, BAR SA RS Se NAO] O/H YAVPILE FADAPIFE +AIO{RILICE Ef, never, seldom, however $2} 2 PAHS S UESa}o| BESS LIEHH7| CHO] 22{ UiOH ESI, SHA} LIOR SIOIOF BILICE, OH ROH, PAF primers SAt used®l Sas SEOHS 88g OH VSLICH Audiences used / Instagram primarily / to engage with exhibition content. ERD Bese claciaus 4eeid. GOD 2271S ASC} / elactrEs Fe TAI Ugo! 0N6H7] SICH EXERCISE #40j73 Selo] 4 USS OM wot #, a USS mo, In Thailand, students seldom practice English every day - or at least not effectively. 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Depression could be caused / by the discouragement / from failing / to keep the weight off. 2252 Nulol om YEO? ay FE UC 23 PE LUCE YEO Sok MOREE, MSS ZIBFOHE 20H @ WMBA SY + ing SHO O/C! ~ SHA, ~SHE' LE HAEILICL OH ERO, UAL? inhabiting India= BAt Hyenas} S10/E SESE AAS oka WALI. ‘HEAP ROH Jot BH Sat HAS FAIOH IL), SAO OILS UBS SHER! th ES ANBAILICL Fizzy drinks can stretch and upset your stomach ~ causing hiccups _as the diaphragm contracts HY SRE AB SOLA OID TRAIL + 2c / RUE READIN Bee FASE Hyenas inhabiting India have not been studied widely , compared to those living in Africa ASIR| 2 BIC PICO MASE SIPS S Lt BMA i7hol AtAOH SfOlORLE wiste! @ BABAR EA sop 5] ODS! '~E/ofal, ~EH" OS BSI] +-SEHO O|O|S YAKS FAR CH ARBRILICH. OFF SOLA, AE AH} called the diaphragmi= &4} lungs9] BIS WeiF= ASS OT SLICE ‘There isa sheet of muscle / under your lungs “ called the diaphragm. EXERCISE +4178 Beioi al USS x Hete! &, UAL UISS Tea, Syria's war at home is giving way to dangerous proxy conflicts. 30 “ojorg1 READING Start4, BAAR A) sat + Bt + Sat BAAS BO US BAO] SH CH] Plo FAL BAt SS SA AHO 47t YS She AS She +410} FE Wt FlOl SIIILICH. OFF SRO, which’ S14 CE! spidersst glow-wormsof CHB 37} Ae Bo ASU. Some silk-producing animals / use / silk /for hunting, / suchas spiders and even glow-worms, which use . sticky silk / to capture flying prey. 3 YAS Wile SESE ACS Hol MAB ANBeNC} BE AAS BO SSSS AIBC IAB AIS So /HOILEISHROINE “Ie arse / BAO ‘HA / BOICILH 101 271 ga EXERCISE +0178 Setiol 4 MSS O11 Moret, RAI MIS MOIR, You should leave enough space around the back of your fridge, which helps dissipate waste heat more effectively. 5, BRARA S44 + S01 + SAb BAS § 742] FAO] UAE SPS US + USUCH. Ol] SAP} Gol SS SIS ASS, SB BASF BOlet FSUC SEO SASS FBS FASE HAL HBS She AOE SLICH. Oe SAO iP 2 YOl Qe FA WSO] OFO|X|7] Pst AAS 47+ QALICH. The neighbour disputes are / more easily resolved / if / the apartment complex has a smoking © ep anezeic Cy 21 OREFEICH / BOY / ORTH EIAIOH Bet HOI CHEE EXERCISE $0178 BeH0l aj SS Ox OTe %, EAI USS HISTOR. While removing all visitor photography restrictions is not possible, itis true that visitor expectations and experiences have now changed. at home / is giving way / to dangerous proxy conflicts Alejo 28 HRD BC AMBIOr NAS ROI HIRI SICH ste Hel BOR You should leave enough space “around the back of your fridge, which helps dissipate waste heat more eff EGEDE sue suo! azie 271 Sor ot. DED 282 wr Four etc Swe Sze YET HAO Ol FBO) BCH ola) Yor le BIB AG amOS While removing all visitor photography restrictions isnot possible "ifs true that vitor expectations and experiences have now changed. - ERED wex91 wei Pet wr auc e AYwOIC ~O121 SERIE / SE BBAOI ALI Ie MABE gtO8 sacle 2 (2 7HSOPISICt ON AHYOICY -weertS| Beis Pt of wR. Unit 1 21 2291 1 us meet) 34Warm-up test wav i2 Hy ise MEOID, BoE BA UIsE MSHS, 1. The Museum of Ice Cream in the US is considered one of the most Instagrammed exhibitions, with over 125,000 hashtagged posts. am — - - 2. Supermarket shelves were still empty today despite the big thaw clearing most of the snow from Britain’ roads. a - 8. While more roads may solve congestion locally, more traffic on the road network may result in more congestion elsewhere. 4. Our diets have such a large environmental impact. am am 5. Sustainably-sourced seafood is another protein alternative to meat, as long as you choose your seafood wisely. em — am 6. People eg a - = 7. Smoking and high alcohol consumption during pregnancy increase the risk of low birthweight and pre-term birth. 8. 32 WolOlgeX READING Start@® Answers 1. The Museum of Ice Cream in the US 9°)! su #41 is considered one of the most Instagrammed exhibitions, - with over 125,000 hashtagged posts #2 EEEDD 0f0]452 HBS CAE} THON 7H HO] BAIS UAB S OH OAR, Of ATE MBBS / O1ON Qt / O}7AZICE / PLAEIIEHOY 7H BHO] BEI MAS S SL /2F 125, 00081 AIGTE! ANS oH a, 2. Supermarket shelves were /till empty /today / despite the big thaw desietii7: 2% si 24 clearing most of the snow * SEED fr see oes OFR86) & HO} SUBIC EGER SH} ee / OF6| I HlO} URICE / Ses /LCICPAC! SHS AVOS BPSD / HERO] eB TIPE aa seq ge eA a big thaw rom Britain's roads fw! 3. While more roads may solve / congestion / locally #4) sie +4, / more traffic /on the road network #28812 / may result in / more congestion / elsewhere 2! 241-24, GED 4 ue ase2 4 we Bs MSS OI += UC SOL SETHE SBTE ASHES Bez, cys RSIS AT Segal pj se REt/ ABS BS MSS /4ol CHE Zo 4, Our diets have / such #4! © EEHED $212 eto] 201 we Sets MAIC BD 22/2] AGO] / TBALY / BBO Be VS Mach #41 /a large environmental impact. 5. Si ly-sourced 2 long as you choose ” your seafood wisely "is! #84, RHE) 8:82 SON ee CHE Cha HHO} Ec, BED NSNOR Ba 7st “OES ~0] SICH /SECHE CIM CIO] / SON CHD, / SAO] ARIBHCHEL / Of a8 earl At S181 sak seafood is / another protein alternative /to meat, /as 6. People / living in apartments #47 experience / secondhand smoke, ANISS TUS SUw hs ¥01 ICL GRD HESS OME ARSE Hg C Bae SMO! Vet /VEeS : people #4 / are much more ‘A 545 rele 10 4 likely to 7. Smoking and high alcohol consumption / during pregnancy cusiw:'s/> / increase the risk /of low birthweight and pre-term birth o/i4'2-0) 8414-84, GED GMS Sour ciel was SAE Hee BOI. Bet CHOI SAS Mele / OIA! Bol / PRS wOlCh / AM ela AHto| 8. People affected by smoke in apartments 11)» i psovle **1 / have to prove / itis alegal nuisance or hazard, EGER 152 2401 ee Be eHOIPILY PIBOICHe 2s SeIeHOF et, ARISE /OMHEOIA Seto! 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Of XB OI HOHOF AIC THF Sols LO’ Sok FAIL HAMS SA OHSLICL @ ‘SkimmingZt Scanning 2S AMSA ASS AT CHS F 7A] SO] Hoiolx| worse, - #2154 ~ PS PSE BAAS] SBA SCH The Safest Driver The traditional stereotype attached to female drivers is slowly being reversed, arguably as a result of increasingly conclusive statistics which prove women are safer and more considerate than men. Data compiled from insurance claims reveals that men between the ages of 40 and 60 represent the greatest risk 84 *oj0Ig% READING Startos O QPS HO] Bee! US] GB BsHolx| PUI + Bo] Ad Mee IS — Skimming MS DR S1RIGE SEAAIS| ANF CHAE —> SHES Blk + Scanning AS @ M42! SO) HOHE AS Skimming H4SS, SY BE Scanning WHOS BES SSLICh. ‘Skimming AS HIRSH A SEtOL OFIOY PS 971 NIB MIOPOHEL IC. The Safest Driver The traditional stereotype attached to female drivers is slowly being reversed, arguably as a result of increasingly conclusive statistics which prove women are safer and more considerate than men. Data compiled from insurance claims reveals that ‘men between the ages of 40 and 60 represent the greatest risk. ARO} 748 Cro! Saino! ow Sex| ABE 2! Of CHE LABELS St USLICH ela Any SE BAO) Use Set OF01 SSM CI eboICHe LEO, AIR PASE CASIO] YOR MOL CY IS ABATE S BOLIC, MAI O1 BE CSI AHS FAR + aL tt EBB 252 ogo) aC Cl Rte SzBIC sige — = Z re eae Set ‘S716 Sle IE) SANE OF AMO BIE RAI! E120] eI) HLT Scanning AE AIS ZOO HAO}! Ae(women or ment LO}, 4, l2|a1 7H SHRIEH(the greatest risk) SEBHE 104 4OF such ‘The Safest Driver The traditional stereotype attached to female drivers is slowly being reversed, arguably as a result. of increasingly conclusive statistics which prove ‘women are safer and more considerate than men. Data compiled from insurance claims reveals that men between the ages of 40 and 60 represent the "4YO1E(men, ages, the greatest rsklOl 2 BE 282 OF S8Oe, 7 A PRS Mole Beat Ce 40-60 eB OIeHE UIBAILIC, EE 24, 0-60 oC, 2 Be ORE} AIC cere AIBBICIE 18 SBOIC, Wa efor op) THRO 4O~6oKE LLAO| 7H Bole WOR LEC Unit 2 EHS mY SR Be st) 35EXERCISE 128 87 C8 2M Zoo. Rising sea levels may well be a problem for food production because if land becomes covered with sea water, the salt can make it unsuitable for growing crops. Research is therefore being carried out in the Netherlands to try to develop crops which can still grow well in salty soil. Experiments have previously been carried out with carrots and one variety of onion. However, the most exciting developments at the moment are the attempts to produce a potato like this, as the potato Is the world’s fourth most important crop. Q What salt-tolerant vegetable is currently being developed? a ~ : — Q What salt-tolerant vegetable is currently being developed? SiH 7a Bo! AOL BE IEAS SetODI7 © SHO SASH 210] Mere! Belz SB Sola] FRSILICH. (GES 200} He S01 eteOH Zot AL ~ He EE ~ Scanning AB BH] 4042! salt-tolerant( iol] Z1¢H)2t vegetable(*42), currently being developed (SAH 7H! Se!) Of SHESHE HOSS ISOM AORSLICT, Rising sea levels may well be a problem for food production because if land becomes covered with sea water, the salt can make it unsuitable for growing crops. Research is therefore being carried out in the Netherlands to tty to develop crops which can still grow well in salty soil, Experiments have previously been carried out with carrots and one variety of onion. However, the most exciting developments at the moment are the attempts to produce a potato like this, as the potato isthe world’s fourth most important crop. salt-tolerant 1804 28! grove wel in salty soil @EO1 = Sowa af xehe vegetable st ~ potato 2h being cared out 218 $21 currently being developed 24 7H82 2! ee developments at the moment ©! APSOHAIS| 7H BHO] VE SPOS I Hele BS OPH 20] TSI SICH HA BH THOET QE 7H SORE Ol Zh THES SMOIeLS Alsat USO! OLO/H4 +271 UHRON WEIS AAVLICL, potato EBB Hee Sconningdich 91 ALA OIRO GAP QMS LIBLICE. (Experiments have previously been carried out with cartots and one variety of onion.) 81312 0] KASS BH 7180] BIsH BO Ot! OMOH(previously) 7#LO1 ZI MEINE ACIDS SEO + BALI xem = Hedi 42 ABE BeSHSO| SAP) K+ SLE SxPH HIS SOIR eH MLO oI AIRS 71K aAOHsT gH 571 WHC Sa MERICOp IS e0| Ne SOME AAI + Ye BS ARTIS 271 TACIT SIC ONE! LAM RIO] gE IRI AOI ‘HRSION BEY Ome) 20 218 BORE Ae Of BE AHS welebete AI, ATH MPA Nee 7a Be A1BOI7| CHOI, 36 Hlol0lgt® READING StartWarm-up test @ Va r2 82 BH Es ABOL Zo} Ayo, Royal Baby born on St George's Day Kate Middleton, also known as the Duchess of Cambridge ever since her royal wedding with Prince illiam in 2011, gave birth to her third child, a boy, on 23 April 2018. Prince William and the Duchess of Cambridge departed St Mary's Hospital in London, where she gave birth to her new son the same day. According to the official statement, the birth went well and both the mother and child are in good health. Prince Louis, George and Charlotte’ little brother, is now fifth inline to the throne. The exciting day began around 6 a.m. when Kate was transported to hospital. Eager to be part of the momentous occasion, supporters of the royal family waited patiently outside of the hospital and Buckingham Palace. Then, at 11 a.m,, the little prince entered the world. Photographers crowded the hospital grounds, climbing on step ladders to get the perfect shot of the happy family, Cheers and congratulations welcomed the parents and newborn as they posed for the press outside of the hospital before driving off to Kensington Palace, The Queen and other senior members of the Royal Family have been informed; the grandmother is said to be delighted by the good news. Prince Louis also has an illustrious birthday, one that is surely fitting for the newest royal: 23 April is St George's Day, named for the patron saint of England. And if that wasn't enough, 23 Aprils also the birthday of William Shakespeare, the Bard of Avon and England's national poet. 1. What relation is Queen Elizabeth to the new baby? 2 Who does the baby share a birthday with? Unit 2-218 US mIOt 8 at By 3171 37ewe aus | Be BEEN ‘on St George's Day" 2X] SYOH SHO 4B YOK OFF 2 24 B+ IC. (Skimming) ov xg! Kate Middleton, also known as the Duchess of Cambridge _ ever since her royal wedding with Prince William Jn 2011, gave birth to her third child, a boy, on 23 April 2018, AOIEQISHS, So AgMela| SUHIOS eel 201141 Hele Axia} ASS MI wm o}OLe Sore SACH 20184 48 23204 Prince William and the Duchess of Cambridge departed St Mary's Hospital in London, _ where she gave birth to her new son the same day. Bele Ip ALA] SNS LEIO| Sti MIRE 2] BAOS Sastoot “We wo I Ro IUE(SIHe 2) ofa BueCt ‘According to the official statement, the birth went well and _ both the mother and child are in good health. SASUIGES, SUS SASA O|FOHRT Ar2e} ofo| Sct Veo] awe atefetn etch Prince Louis, George and Charlotte litle brother, Is now fifth in line to the throne. FO] Shes, EX] SH} VR BOI ISM, LN CHL ein Bel AAS ARIE SIeACY ‘The exciting day began around 6 am. when Kate was transported to hospital SEI ORE OF CAI APMSIRICH AIOLE7E WAlOR O}-SEl he! Eager to be part of the momentous occasion, supporters of the royal family _ waited patiently outside of the hospital and Buckingham Palace. 0| 2.A2S S20] SONA SHEN! Sa 7IFS| ASS MHS 7D ICHIC WAT BIA BE reo ‘Then, at 11am, thelittle prince entered the world “e{a OF! 1 TAION StU BH7E AH FORCE Photographers crowded the hospital grounds, climbing on step ladders to get the perfect shot of the happy family. AWE JSS Wel Alo} OLICIOHE OLFRICH BRE Se AlcHelol Bet - o| eset 7S] ARTIS eleHoH HS an Cheers and congratulations _ welcomed the parents and newborn _as they posed for the press outside of the hospital before driving off to Kensington Palace. gh9] Sb MOH 2 EHO O71 BISHCY 71 a | AE 01 AS Oh SIRI MIOIAL (AB ELD CE! BO 7 38 "oloIs# READING Start| The Queen and other senior members ofthe Royal Family have been informed; the grandmother is said tobe delighted by the good news. ONS HRS BCH! MRSS ANS Mey SICH BOLLS TIwHSRCHD SICH / I wES AAIOH Prince Louis also has an illustrious birthday, one that is surely fitting for the newest royal: 223 April is St George's Day, named for the patton saint of England. And if that wasn't enough, 23 Aprils also the birthday of William Shakespeare, the Bard of Avon and England's national poet. FO] ile RB! MUS ZA SIEM, (Dee MES Sy BOI SYS UE AOI: 4 2B! MIE = X| SOI HOI / SRO +8 Melo} OSH eH / ela o|20] SEA SACHA, 4 23S Beles HIIATIO} 2] ErBOIZIE SICH, oOILIE] BRAIRIOIT BH CHE Aloe! What relation is Queen Elizabeth to the new baby? HEIR ba A EHO! O}7 I= oes 2b421717 GB 58 B20 etsF0122 Scanning HES ABO BH MAOIS LD AEs ROM HYoISS LOLI, BA) HAO relation, Queeno|, 0] *HAJ01H0] = RS ALLOA BOHM Sing Creo] OI} SAILICH, Of 23} IAS AH COIL Of} Chet AMZ SEED WOIL|(the grandmother 7t 7MHICHD EILICL. grandmother ‘MOF the7} WOE OH ShgFE! Queens I/O WS B + VSLICH S, OF80] of0|0| BHLeh= 2s at stetict EE3 grandmother ERD 2A AAO S19] SS AZO DSetD 7] Lol grandson BHO W + SLICt. Ala IELTS Reading SMM SE FS XZ oy MAlE! FOOT BetOF SIS AIO] OF! TBO SS BAe Sx B35 eB PHO auch Who does the baby share a birthday with? opie} wwol ze ABS SHEN? EBD 2 Seg BOF SHBSIDE Scanning US ABH SM HOIST TIES SOO AYOISS ROSLICL BH AHNOHE who, share a birthday witho|2 Olof SHRI ClOHSS XIZON4 SIOHEL Ct © op io] eel(birthday)ol eAIe17F? + AIS (MIQIE 2X] Ql HOH! S14 OFOI)o4A ofo}2] WO] MOLE EK] BO! 2G W + SLICE @ AIQIE ZX] SO] SAHO1, Olah HOI! CH AFAwho, shared a birthday with} 2271? ~OFRIPH EIRIOL ARIE AX] GIS 48 2321017, 0] BS ALAMO BBO 2B a + ALI EE William Shakespeare EB 49) 23012 St George7teHOHt! Ol Of 2} 7B 7/OH7] SoH TPE! SEI SIMIILICE WHEE St George 3 ols + aeHch Unit2 2 8 mS A 271-39ett 22 ub} in| AZO] USS BlovoeIe 2 Veto| AIS TO}OHE 20] JOeLICH SILO] BES ORE SASS FQ OfOIClo}9} YO OfO|CIojz PREILICL 0] SB AKSIOI 2f SEO] LIS S niotolet BMI ISS TIO] CHS BEILICY. & $6] #2 ofoIcjojo| uigol AIS FOIA Aero SEIS] LHS BUH OleHEH| ASLICL & S80] As USS wetsiD A YO] BN SeIOL OF SNS SHEA AUHCHE Bol SI AH BAO ye AH OLEHEE > SLI. ae BS FSS GFE ASSIS HAAS! PEt 7A7t ASLICh. O] AYAC!l PAS AD Wor MES SS Sore} AES, SO] HH WSOILt TH SS Zt ZS SSO] SS AS + 217] CEO 2 USO 471 WSHELICt. CHRO] BS SHL10] BENS FALE (Topic Sentence) Oz A/SHILICH. BEB APOHE 7H BAOSH Beto] A ‘AAO! SAS HOHE AS BILL. FASO] SHS MaOi FM Hol LSE BL LIS SH PAIS Up SRO ULL CR OH EES MILI ‘LIE (General statement}O| 41 AOS O71E Heel, WES HAO ist HL! wes BS Ate S YOw, SLO] HBS SPIE BIC SU SVS FMOl OH SAS MSOHAL O|eHA)>]7] oH F7ISHE HBOS FR PABLICL ISS! SRE Bet | Us HOH ee CHOFRHLIC, (© M8 (Explanation): BBMOl FAS AMISH SB (@ O1A|(Example): AH Ate BS BA QR AALO| Bah S @ BB(However): HVHSI QUE H=NIO] Bers etstoH whsoHILE ME OF0ICIO} MAL ® #Q(Addition): FA MISS BSH sth, FAIS Ve 29) USS SM (© BH) & O42 (Problem & Solution): FAIo} BAS! SA X17] BS ola) ate! AHO oI OR} SHS CIS AAO ARS, Che | TIA AAO! MS B OMS FPSLIC. © 20K(Summary): FHIESI WBS CH! OF Ml IROL BE Bal (EHS FR) (@ CaH(Extension): Bz SUI USS SLOHOH CHS Ee USAF AI (CHS PAST US RIAL et) 40 “ojolg READING Start@cg ree] et 728 meal. ‘Around 1040, the Chinese artisan and inventor Bi Sheng invented the earliest known moveable type printing system, which used baked clay characters cut as thin as the edge of a coin. The first metal moveable type printing system wasn't developed until two hundred years later during the Goryeo Dynasty in Korea. This invention resulted in the printing of the earliest moveable metal type printed book, Jikji, an anthology of teachings by Buddhist priests. However, due to the considerable amount of labor required to produce the full Chinese character set, neither of these moveable type systems was widely used, and block printing remained the most widely used printing method. ory - - PS UWSS WA TofS 10} HHS BVO] VA] SHO|lA| PAHS OH StS BT Slez| BOKSLICH. ‘Around 1040, the Chinese artisan and inventor Bi Sheng invented _ the earliest known moveable type printing system, “which used baked clay characters cuts thin as the edge of a coin. SF 10d0e, SHO! TOlOUAt WeI7t uo] Bol WaISHRACt ALAS Bez 7S Sat SH ALAS, Ue Abele} FE BH BMS SMOl THU HS Weal 7h IA lah AL AH BB FNE): FA AH The first metal moveable type printing system wasn't developed _ until two hundred years later during the Goryeo Dynasty in Korea MASS BARA MAAS THYSIA] BCH 200M SHAT Tay AICI SO! -SROW 1571S BAS OH AAG HO] BE This invention resulted in the printing of the earliest moveable metal type printed book, kj, an anthology of teachings by Buddhist priests. AURIS BMT Ce ALAHOI wee OP INCH AKO HE BS BNE OlAHEL HOI =IxY'O| CLAN, EIAHBON IgE 7} 2g Bue GEE 71s aaanie aise cet aay ED Arent BE oH O14): BB IBN gt oraIBLO® O14 AIA However, due to the considerable amount of labor _ required to produce the full Chinese character set, neither of these moveable type systems was widely used, and block printing remained . the most widely used printing method, ‘OIE NSE YO] Sey MSO DE SAS OHS7] Hod WLS, O| ASA! At A|Awo| 1 OL 2S wel apwsir| of ‘StH, Set OMNSO| SICH TRY Sel APSE! Olay BOS SRT AARHRICT SB O14N@OI CH Ie] OLS DFRIB BBC!) MBS OFOICIO| SEH clades) =e MSHU|O| CHS GtefO| LAS aA) Unit 3 et PE mOHOHI 41OFOIMA ZIPS] SY S SHE AWYO|X| PS MSS US SS US SOP} SUS SL, SANS] Ook S71 HAH O14 CHEE SYS HBOICHS ARILICH O]MH ALE ANSS[= O/2SO| QU=CH O] OF51HO| THE BO BPM MCHA, ITE ABZHOH = BO/OH Chet BOM ot AaolapD YZpOHD SBHO-SS SPLICh. + be called ~2 #2}; lh xt phone's called the iPhone X iPhone Xo 4 482 + known as ~2 224! Astronomers have detected traces of an organic compound known as meth! chloride. methyl chioides S75 Cis N21 + that -= We are trying to help firms in a way that is not traditional. TaAlvay =I SISO ENS AS + so-called 9) S0H= ‘The so-called ‘love hormone, oxytocin, may make you more fearful of new social situations. ‘onjocing: MEN! eto alt sytociol CHE MFHT aE + this means Oj ~8 9l0/ekch People who have matching blood groups are said to be ‘compatible! This means they could give or receive each other's blood ifnecessary. 71g! BIR! compatile O18 Me a — OS —— 09] BUNOR CB AnjeRS ojols Azta weIEC ‘NEAIISE Bet OnE eI 971 sHNBS| BAIS SOHC + 92h BAI HBAOIA ge soe So] SIT Ket Gor. 29| Gots HB BEBO! SA/EA10] TIE MES HAC! UBS CS FANAER B 4 Ch, ‘SSINO] QISHE ABISE “SEMEICHD IOC. Bia A) AZO WB FMVS + Sich 248 10 42__Woj0lg8 READING StartWarm-up test GQ 8 2] SHIM Bete BS SAH FIO} UBLCt 2-20] Fe ofo|clofela| 94 ofo|cjofelx] wep 24, 0] BSS Bt Ceol 7x SACHS SLD, In contemporary society, the family unit serves as the basis of social organization. Family structure can be widely defined, but itis generally formed via relations through birth or marriage. The family unit's key function is providing the framework for the production and introduction of new members into the given society. Thus, the family institution is responsible for the socialization of children, preparing them for membership within the community and ensuring the permanence of a larger social identity. 1) In early agricultural and hunting communities, the social structure tended to be based on a tribal rather than a family pattern. @ Although the family is the most common social grouping, it is not the only type of social organization. © One of the advantages of the tribal structure is that children can be cared for by a wide _group of adults, thus increasing the community's prospects of survival and continuation. @ This is still the case in social groups like Amazonia and African tribes that maintain their traditional lifestyles. (One example of tribal organization is the Yanomami people, located in the Amazon. They organize their communities through shared responsibilities rather than family relations. Such a structure is beneficial for the Yanomami's mainly horticultural society. This means the members work together to grow and harvest crops for the whole community. The tribal organization also emphasizes generational grouping over familia, so a member's role in the society changes as he or she grows older. Units BetFz MEFS) 43@ Answers Incontemporary society, the family unit serves as the bass of socal organization SCHATBOIA, 715 SIRE SIR BIC APs] BAe] BIOS Family structure can be widely defined, but itis generally formed _ via relations. through birth or marriage. ABIES BM WO + QC OI OMMATSRSE) BE BYE BS Sel SY SL USS St The family unit's key function is providing the framework for the production and introduction of new members into the given society. 7S IO] SY ISS MAS MBOHES HOC ANS PAteLOl AMeIaE A7HS sip ave ANI ‘Thus, the family institution is responsible for the socialization of children, _ preparing them for membership within the community and ensuring the permanence of a larger social identity AjO2, IR MSE HAO| SICH Ofo1So} Afsia}oH olor TSS (OHHH) At UEFS| FBO] SIS SwA|7/z AID S488 SME tS CB ASL Mel ‘Although the family is the most common social grouping, it isnot the only type of social organization, HIS 7752 7S ARIEL AFIS EMORY, O10] A'S] FROl PEE AIS O}LICH GEIS 7/5210] ales Ats| Ol Of — SSAC] Aah SZ GEES F2 ofoIcyoy: Ae © Imearly agricultural and hunting communities, the social structure tended to be based on atribal rather than a family pattern. 2710 BO 48 AtRIOIM, Abs] FE PH INO! Bole THEE EB 271 481 79 E9101 Ae: 7HHO On Fa BA BE 222 OJOICIOK: O14) | ©) One of the advantages of the tribal structure is that children can be cared for by a wide group of adults, thusincreasing the community's prospects of survival and continuation. AH PAIGY SOUL OES MAS WE 4 oni clare selseI HOI / BEMO| ABI A1HOI HO] FAT} 2 SMMMENION CE 1B —- HSC} BH FAO] O|G(SSMl BE 714 7h S7H01 B04 Of, 7 Ba rhe 3a OfoICIok: aes © Thisis stil the case in social groups like Amazonia and African tribes _ that maintain their traditional lifestyles. Of 729] SIE) oF] TRICICt OFDALIO}S| Olmelat Yaa} BE ALS TEOMA, IO] HB et wee Ping Sino ASL gle FS F.20) ALS OHALIOISt OMAPT FS MAL ‘291 FOICIOE ONAN + Che Get LIB IAT J 46 *ol0IG1 READING Start‘One example of tribal organization isthe Yanomami people, located in the Amazon. -#5 ZOI GONE /OHOH0] ROICt /ofahzoH Sse ‘They organize their communities / through shared responsibilities “rather than family relations. OBZ (OKOIO| FE) FAV SSMS SHE MAS Sok 71H ACHE Such a structure is beneficial for the Yanomamis mainly horticultural society, . which means the members work together to grow and harvest crops / for the whole community. O2iGl FA BeIOIC} OF -OFO|e| FHI LOK A}SIOH / O|ZH= (iol AEE) PAIBO| Al lok 4S VIC) / ABS 71 STAMOS AB TM BEAMS 96H The tribal organization / also emphasizes _ generational grouping over familial, “so a member's role in the society “changes ashe or she grows older. Ol PHN PH ES ARGICY 7H ROS Oe AMC AICS HES Le IS / TAHA ALSIOI sw Ho] / uli} / Peo] LOLoH wat aD 8 eto) SS AHO! Atel FRE 7H MS Ivo BicHe ol, MuiM| eto] IBS YA! ITE 7H Et PCE PASS OHO}O| MOH CHE ABILICL AAD! Guim SEI 7H CPP ALOE AI FAI EPH I Bt Bis HOR AIIM, ARAFBIPNE PHL ATH, SAAEAOH CSE All “el of CHO HALE OlO}sIE ZO) TILA RIE uct EEE © FAIZ — © FARIA) + @ FER(SY) + @ FOR(OIA] + Chg Ce LHS Bal) Units @e 2% motoH 45Ofo|Cjoj Za & Sot OOICloe HS LAH BOI Cet CAEL, 22ho| O}O|CIONS erasers WHS IOS = IEE suc. & AM BIS BHO] SI VS AAS AMBSHe AAILICH. ALO] MS BAILY Cla BH LEH Eto, G7 TSS EAIAOS BMAIIE Cho}, OAS DHE ArBolol 1S HOHE Col S cies SAB 7p A AOE AS US! OfIC/OS ZisoHAl eHAAoH EC MALICE. & Swish YS of SFO] WIS! tors ASHI SoH AAT ASKS BVAILICL SF SBOl Liss xa ‘BM AEBS ABS + Ue GHOS, S| APHIS SAS + WOH SUL ves TIS + SSLIch. Azo} ROSS Ola] WOHICHS! ApaIGE USS 9171 Aolets cHeHso! SEE Zo] ZAKS UISFOHE 210] 7HsotOH, Lot 7H EH USS] SBS WosHeeS SEO] SILC. ~$2101 during, in the meantime, meanwhile, while etcn7 eet SPINE gua acearly as aye ME Ast “ HELE next, subsequently, afterwards, later, after, then, following which, after that at 2 BEE consequently, therefore, thereby, thus, as a result, so, hence 4m OHRIZERIE likewise, in the same way, equally oH ‘82101 whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, nevertheless, n spite of, however, yet, while AUA}eYes —_~24GA if, when, although, even so, even though ol 1B B01 for example, for instance, to illustrate ae AICI7t moreover, furthermore, in addition, not only ~ but also 46 Wo}oist= READING StartAIAIO SIO LIS SAIL BIS O}O}44 MOH UY, EEO] YENSHZINICH: IS AIAIOHE ZIAIOHS SLICE TAOS Behet SoHE HOHE 0| XLAIO}7} AINOHE 240] BOK0In| Qlojop BILICh. FH AHSOKS AIA/O‘L: AIAICHRIAKSE BCH SALE, AASHE Bato] AA Het CHE AIAOH APSELICH. 1, AIAIHBAR SANS ISIE Hols CLE CHRAL! this, that, its AHBSIT SSQIAKS 7S Me 4B! these, those, they AHSBILICh & SBOILt FO] BH LSS ASG OH 4S CHAS APS BILICL, this 0124 that 21 it these 01215 (thisel S48) those AZIS (that2| 8-49) they 2245 (itel 8!) + Although the family is the most common social grouping, itis not the only type of social organization. S18 7158 7H Be A EAfOlTIpE. oe el 791 RAE BRE OIL t= fay 2, BEAICHSAL WLS ASIBALS XPS Che who, ASBALS ASE Mts whichS ASSUCh. St SA AAS ALIS OHol, 4 which ArSeruct. + Twain saw the Australian gold rushes which had begun in 1851. Ese 1851H01 AIse1 83 BE 2i418 wet ‘which = gold ashes Has) EXERCISE 8 £28 817 We 4 AAlO}7} AoHe 2s LOAD. Often when a food has spoiled, it will smell bad. This leads many to believe that no stench means a food is safe to eat. BS ik SONU ELA a food ale, this uige xe BAL Otten when a food has spoiled. i wil sel bad, This leads many to believe that no stench means a foods safe to eat, ‘BO (OG) wa} Le 2971, O124e we ARID OR IAI BLO BAO} APIO] QPHOICER BH IC Unit 4 ofoicio} 201 zm ISIAH] 47® AVS AL FL OFO|C|OHS ASH CHOiL} Ao} HAS} OFO|Cho4 Zt Beat Ot ALIA] DSH AA} Historical records show that the Olympic Games were first staged as early as 776 BC on the plains of Olympia* in ancient Greece. Afterwards, the games took place every four years for over a thousand years, until 393 AD, when they were prohibited by the Roman emperor Theodosius. Fifteen hundred years later, in 1896, the first modern summer Olympics were held in Athens and have continued ever since, having been cancelled on only three occasions during the First and Second World War. creas) maEU AS = A OH CHE Deh 91 BEIMIO} 27P} AER a — — ‘AYOIS! AIA/OHS ANBOI 2} SAE UBS Zils} PYSIASLCL ABE AAOIL AIO CSA BALICL. Historical records show . that the Olympic Games were first staged as early as 776 BC_on the plains Sra et ance, 0 of Olympia in ancient Greece. SUP 71S SOKRCH BRIE] AO! O10] Tle! 7764] NBO TAISICHE IB _ ReH TeIA| SeIMIOF BeIOIA, Afterwards, the games took place every four years for over a thousand years, until 393 AD, when they were prohibited _ by the Roman emperor Theodosius. 30), AE Zv(-uy) NANO, XIARAY= the games 2S, Ages} Age ARINC 1000] ee AI Sot ays OCH, 447] 39RLINAT, I ABIEO! axINEL aH EOF BAELSEA PADI SleH Fifteen hundred years later, in 1896, the first modern summer Olympics were held in Athens and ‘yt BPN have continued ever since, having been cancelled on only three occasions "during the First and Second World War. 15004 9! TE96LAOH, 4189] SCH Of Bed al eJo} OFELIA & 7WAISIX| QEOACH HARE MPAICHNADY MIZkE CHE! Set HOO] 2OlF TSEIN eM, 241 3 Yl BPO 48 Wololgh& READING StartEXERCISE 718014 Q £1 X1MOVE LEME 7M USS MEALS. New Zealand is becoming an increasingly popular destination for overseas visitors. It attracts tourists and people on business, but the vast majority come as students. Mostly from Asian countries, they stay for anything from a few weeks to a few years or more, studying at language schools, colleges and universities. New Zealand can offer good homestay accommodation, a clean and beautiful environment and a reasonable cost of tuition. These factors attract an ever-increasing number of. overseas students, accounting for millions of dollars in revenue for New Zealand. cry = ———— —— tS ELERANS A)MOHT, they’: SFOUHS AIH FICHE APBEIQIELICL. e/a these factorsollAt factors(24)= HAVES SBM THM WSS SSO o Ole HS + Qe COS APS et LICH. APROHUAS SHE LYSO| F 7H OLFO| IS S949! factors ASSAD, 1 ol ANSSt X|AlO|& 4949! these JEABSIMSLICH BLE this, that, these, thoset= BAt ASS Sat BSAL ASS St + Slee AA/OAILICY, New Zealand is becoming an increasingly popular destination / for overseas visitors. /‘It attracts 5B Ne Zeland tourists and people on business, / but the vast majority come as students. SPREE SLT ICE / a 2171 Se OFA / | BRNO egos 2b Hort Hee Mostly from Asian countries, / they stay / for anything from a few weeks toa few years or more, SBA shidents (most frm Asan counties XP studying at language schools, colleges and universities. HFS! OFAIOF BIA, ISS OSCE / Of AS HAH BF HOLA SF ot HST ofsso| 712+ Sek, Of, Dopo BSR et CI , HS A aI New Zealand can offer / good homestay accommodation, a clean and beautiful environment and a reasonable cost of tuition. / These factors attract / an ever-increasing number of overseas students, / ‘goad homestay accommodation, aciean and beaut endronment a reasonable cost of tution Sloctons2 520 accounting for millions of dollars in revenue for New Zealand. sPBUSE MBH + SIC / HE GAMO] au, ROLL OCHS HI, Telm eeAIel BRAS /oleIb QelsE Boise! Ch BEC SE SS CHS (Aes MBS! MNDHES APSA Unit 4 oFo}Cj4 291 BH mHeIePAL_ AyA Taito] acta @ Ae2 228 208 Zo, Itturns out building new roads doesn't help to reduce traffic; for everyone because more drivers will flow to the new route. Surprisingly, the reverse of this idea ns. This paradox exists because fact, it may lead to longer travel times may be true: removing roads may actually improve traffic condi each driver selects a route that is best for him or her without taking into account the consequence of his or her choice on other drivers. And it makes sense, as car drivers are only concemed about how is another example of a classic problem in many vehicles are ahead of them, not behind them. game theory. 1 What does this paradox refer to in this text? 2 What does'thi te in this text? 50 ojolg# READING Start@ Answers It turns out ” building new roads doesn't help to reduce traffic Infact, it may lead to longer travel times for ‘everyone / because more drivers will flow to the new route. OE HOC MES SER Ue NS BESS Foleo Sol Six] YECHE Ol / Ar, o12¢= building new roads) QE O1S9] O18 AIZHG Cl GAIA FE ACh / HLIOHRI CI BIS SAIxHHO| MS Lol Be a 20}7] wre oct. Surprisingly, the reverse ofthis idea may be true: removing roads may actually improve traffic conditions. ‘SPIE, O| 42t(building new roads to reduce trafic)®| HIS AMI SICH: FRE BO Me ws gS HAALR 45 CHE ZOE ‘This paradox exists / because each driver selects a route that is best for him or her without taking into account the consequence of his or her choice on other drivers. |e! 2f44(removing roads may actually improve traffic conditions) EANGICt / SHLFCHEL 2¢ Atzte= X}AIOVAL al 9) SES AS GEBOIC} / Xe] MOI CHE SEAHBOW OIA Aeh= DAIS! aT [And it makes sense, "as car drivers are only concerned about how many vehicles are ahead of them, not behind them. This s another example of a classic problem in game theory. AaID OFAS(paradox) 20] ECF / LFA THEA SAAS OA Baia SOIC IS Yol ARE BS ASol oy Cah / IS fo) gE AHEKS AZtOHA QED. Hb | Zol(car drivers are only concerned about how many vehicles are ahead of them, not behind them) A @4 Olf0l t= DNC MAFS] S CHE OHOICY. What does this paradox’refer to this text? | XI 201,4 ‘this paradox} 72H UBS PORIIN? [EBD this paradoxoH4 thist= Bol US UBS X/SI71 Fee APBE AIAJOIRILICL eID a ISS AIaHse4 of $249] 1gr4N(the reverse of this idea) 2H BO] L422 01210] UIs paradox( fetes) = BRE! 2GILICE. Keb this paradoxt= SoM LHS '0] M249] Star's Seo AOL, 0] A O| Bele AS SLE Bole ane aE ae SHALE! 45 SICH ZILICH [EB removing roads may actually improve traffic conditions. 2. What does'this indicate inthis text? 0| X20 "this 772i WBS FAOH? PHO] F012 40! thist= Qo LS CSAIL SF LS BH USS ASS] Hed ABE! ALAICHBAHBLICE. O| this 7k Bobs AO| Ae OO LO DNAS! SHO] & CHE Oe YOO syste LSS SF SAO ates, Ct FMA OM S SE AM UISTSA SESS IS Gol VOW} YS AHO] QEAloH Chel SAY TeV S IS Slo = AAS APIOH AHECHORHE IS I + BIBLE (EER car drivers are only concerned about how many vehicles are ahead of them, not behind them Unit 4 ojoico} 291 2194 maFe}7| 61Beast) Eag-022.00) (cla a So. ae = eS el pols ees BU [aero ed fish Boe: Remarc bide, ed Reco ct Bb Ret Mite 6 mea) Fol ROLE Biayh ey elmelys | Pura be (orb BU ene ey Forage. | arb AVE can enact aters pte eats b lark) Bee eee eee ReveWE CIES matics OE Bet T1E7| veering reas MSE Sista WEF AIS TEI] mac Heads W121 271 coroeton WE B27} ZB! Et D7 | mactieg etormation WH ALA OIE memusenorsveN MENS! BIRGIT Caroteston | 26H 2/8 Of vesmonar crew + 7H HO] BASIE Re ‘121 322 | (Completion) 2} 31S 214] Of(1/F/NG) BAL «= 1234971 (Completion) HECEDS €'e eryor7iisentence Completion)7t 7H 01 AIEILICL, PRE MGI] BMH XAISS SNS] = AO] BRVIUICH SI7VIAHOLAY SOF Ser ALOHA BeHOHEX|, wo) Aziz Clofo| He ofw| fois BAS Sowr ALI + Be GH O1(T/F/NG) HSCEI 201 sige agus et eo] He BIO UHpOLY BR Ts SEIU FZ AH WAS ISS PAIR HPPO] BRSPILI(T), MOIS APSoy BRIE BBOIILHF), Be BO! 2ne MOURIR APARIR| OMT] HE + Ble SIPING)Z HOE Z97F BALE PgNUCt HR Foleo, We Ma Teg Hoe Ue were ECE 2K 53=A SEH Question 17 Choose the correct letter, A,B, C orD. Write the correct letter in box 11 on your answer sheet. 11. Autonomous sensory meridian response A has been studied in depth by scientists. B hasbeen linked to several diseases. soften discussed on the internet. D istypically experienced by children. Questions 12and 13 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Write the correct letter in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet. Which TWO of these possible reasons for climate change are mentioned in the text? A ocean-atmosphere variability B orbital variations C solar radiation D human activity E volcanism 5G WojOIgE READING Start71S HE & Ache SMe VEO! EY SME, W7| FOIA INS AES AHL RARILICt FO|E! PEO SMFS SOR YS YS TL} FOIA LSI HHS MEL | II PAE SLC. 32 1189] §8 USS Bb SNP! SUSIE, 15 ABS] FNIZOILE SAIS TEE SAP BASIE uct. & BM HIS} 7S we BM SBOE op FeID] 2BoI AE 219] OLA Section 301M 33 SAHILICE. = APO SAISIOY, AYA EAols 2S =AIZ0| AEF BEM 24) $82} Seo] BH sel BO] SIL! BH & Hel BHt Woo, | Hel BS Sxl SS AS &- f= OL eAO|E Satey ® BH 41s 212 40} BAL SVISCHS BM HHO QS WOE HS + SUCH SS] XY, HE, OS VS De Wate Save hy of eS SIUC. AGE He Stts SoM H, Beet atthe 7] De) MAO SUS S| Sale| Boat HE! SB hs Sl SSUCH Tela BPS WS oH, A)Bo}| Ol Zap BS HOLY OFF} CH= S170] SASHA FOlSHOF SILICH. BS SIE FS ASat SASt 0191S vrs] OFT PALOILE BOIS SA}7| MSPAILICY. Tips ACIS SMO SO} 7] UHOFOHE whe 2718 1S UH EESI SIO] SIAOHRE AIBS}A] BD 2} 47] Sze] AOLNO] Holeln| ArmA, D BI UGo| ‘Ofze1n] ‘Area ety etl ABO B10] ‘O[VOS BoISIeec| STII ALE! BMS LICH RYO] US + SALI, OIOIE SHIEH HONEY IBLICHE, o1740] ©2401x] A-NeIzIOH Chor PRS SA] SLICE elM Ojeiet 71m xISA Selor Etoile BBO] ABS] GOL AAIES SIOZ AZO] GIBLICL WS O|2! AEB HHS Ol O}o|AA wr THRARILICH, aHEe ofc 37} OfzOIn| AHOIT] Of] HOED Slo] SS OIA BMS Het 20] wiese uct ® simaa At HelOl LYECHe ef apo stAtOH= 20] Bat TIGOIAS VIDS HOO] W7IOI= IZOS SHO BPI ALC. wlaTga AAVBOl APBEIRICHT CHE 2] OfLfet, SLSe SY +S OL) HIE OHMOH SIHOF BILICL, OLB oI, stronger than ever(= 4 MHSCh Cy ZH) Sf the strongest(7# Ze): SBIe oloIgUIC. Unit 5 {Cre B71 Mutiple-choice 65Het CHA] Global Warming and Climate Change Global warming is also referred to as climate change. Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time, from decades to millions of years. Factors | that can affect climate are called ‘climate forcing mechanisms: These include processes such as variations in solar radiation, continental drift, variations in the Earth’s orbit, and changes in greenhouse gas concentrations. There are a variety of climate change feedbacks that can either increase or decrease the initial forcing. Some parts of the climate system, such as the oceans and ice caps, respond more slowly in reaction to climate forcing mechanisms, while others respond more quickly. There are also key threshold factors which can produce rapid change when exceeded. Questions 12and 13, Choose TWO letters, A-E. Write the correct letter in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet Which TWO of these possible reasons for climate change are mentioned in the text? A orbital variations B ocean-atmosphere variability € human activity D solar radiation E volcanism nea = HF etleloh 71 woh HI Beas 71H BOHRE SBOVRICE 704 WES ANA EH ROL BBS OI + ee OUIS 71F el OLLI 2.3801 BBB) BSI SUB SPAPIIY BAAPIE HOPILIBOL Cl Capt HBO we, CHE AIA Oe) wSEH em 2] 712 SO! SNL A}, WH ISL BANE! BLE BION, 71 2] Yt, HE OS, 21 ES! We, BAI As SOI woIo} em 56 Hlojoig1 READING StartHEE CHA|7| BAI BOL BER 244 peta} BO] 221 B10! AE SxS 217 ao} HA) BE) Be Sche sop wt S|, Ao} QialoHe 7] De7) Global Warming and Climate Change Global warming is also referred to as climate change. Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time, from decades to millions of years. Factors that can affect climate are called ‘climate forcing mechanisms. These include processes such as variations in ° solar radiation, continental drift, * variations in the Earth's orbit, and changes in greenhouse gas concentrations. There are a variety of climate change feedbacks that can either increase or decrease the initial forcing. Some parts of the climate system, such as the oceans and ice caps, respond more slowly in reaction to climate forcing mechanisms, while others respond more quickly. There are also key threshold factors which can produce rapid change when exceeded. Al pe Which TWO of these possible reasons for climate change are mentioned in the text? Ber 2H ‘294 elo} xBOMA Tactors, affect climate OF 7 eHSIOH CHEE OF & 717] 7HSEE OLE BOM HAISIRLEPH? A. orbital variations HS 2 B ocean-atmosphere variability oH 7128 C human activity 22! a D solar radiation sie $4 E volcanism #8 IF ABO SAS OTE QAP S SHO ASHE 71% WS/O| CHS! O|FAILICH, such as(OlS Soi, ~2} 2 2) HOW LIS 2480] 2 248 (factors)o|D, 0] Foy 47/04] AA|=1 242 solar radiation?} variation in the Earth's orbitUict. Ce} SEZ Det ARILICH. Factors / that can affect climate / are called’climate forcing mechanisms. / These include Dit SO} ts OIkIe = reasons for chmate change »n, continental drift, variations in the Earth's orbit, Ae IE) el AE A) processes / such as variations in solar ra we SHE and changes i greenhouse gas concentrations. Unit § SICH 51 Multiple-choice 57areca (te READING PASSAGE 14 Sensation on your skin Have you ever felt a tingling sensation on your skin accompanied by a state of relaxation or mild euphoria? If so, you may have experienced autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR). Individuals who experience ASMR often describe the sensation as a combination of positive feelings triggered by specific sights and sounds. Although ASMR is a relatively new phenomenon and has not yet undergone extensive clinical studies, there are countless reports from those who have. experienced it, and hundreds of online forums have been set up where people can share their personal ASMR experiences with one another. Several stimuli have been mentioned in relation to ASMR, with the most popular ones being watching someone perform a repetitive, mundane task, listening to someone whispering, and receiving direct, personal attention from another person, such as when receiving a haircut. Furthermore, specific sounds such as finger tapping, paper crinkling, and the frying of food have been demonstrated to elicit an ASMR response in those who experience it. Several experts have claimed that videos containing ASMR triggers may have a positive effect on those suffering from insomnia or other similar disorders that prevent them from getting a good night's rest. They believe that the ASMR videos may help to relax the brain in a similar way to hypnosis and meditation. ‘Wo}o|gh READING StartQuestions 1~3 Choose the correct letter, A, B, Cor. Write the correct letter in box 1~3 in your answer sheet. 1 Autonomous sensory meridian response A has been studied in depth by scientists. B has been linked to several diseases. C is often discussed on the Internet. D istypically experienced by children, 2 ASMR can be triggered by A apleasant fragrance. B aperson talking quietly € abrightly colored object. D aloud mechanical noise. 3 What type of people might benefit from watching ASMR videos? A Those who get frequent headaches B Those who are studying medicine € Those who meditate on a regular basis D Those who have trouble sleeping Unit S sich 24 MultipleREADING PASSAGE 2 Developments in Rural Farming Over the course of the last fifty years, agricultural production has more than tripled due to innovations in farming technology. In particular, relatively small farms in rural areas have seen an unexpected and significant rise in production in the last decade. One of the most significant developments in rural farming is the increased usage of mobile apps and farm management software. One such mobile app enables farmers to accurately diagnose diseases in livestock and find the correct drugs in order to treat the animals quickly and effectively. In a region such as East Africa, where there are over 100 million farmers spread across an area of thousands of square miles, mol apps help them to remain in communication with animal health workers and | _ receive almost instantaneous feedback on a wide variety of problems. Similarly, farm management software has led to increased crop and dairy yields, as it educates rural farmers on topies such as pest management, crop development methods, and proper animal care. Fertilizer deep placement (FDP) is another innovation that has allowed rural farmers | to increase erop yields by almost 20 per cent. This technique involves the placement of a newly-developed fertilizer ten centimeters below the soil, avoiding the traditional problem of nitrogen run-off. The nitrogen in this specialised fertilizer is dispersed gradually, reducing the amount of fertilizer typically required by one third. 60. Wo}ojg1& READING StartQuestions 4 and 5 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Write the correct letters in boxes 4 and 5 on your answer sheet. Which TWO developments have improved conditions on small rural farms? A The availability of information on animal illnesses B The use of nitrogen-free pesticides on crops € The development of nutrient-rich animal feed D The advances in crop harvesting machinery E The introduction of a special slow-release fertilizer Unit 5 {1 I Multple-choice 611c 28 a0 48s Ae Sensation on your skin 1}%9| 2:2 s#e au wa eRe awar Have you ever felt a tingling sensation on your skin accompanied by a state of relaxation or mild euphoria? SHEN SI} IPS RS Ae AA SS The ale Atal SHIEK Ifso, you may have experienced ” autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMA). PRTC, BAS VABBAIS SECh AB ekeh wet eHSIASMR)S: Individuals - who experience ASMR often describe the sensation asa combination of positive feelings / triggered by specific sights and sounds. ABBE AMR SS SUH I YAS MICH SIA YB AOD Sy Baa rehol ofsy erie Although ASMR is relatively new phenomenon and. has " not yet undergone extensive clinical studies, there are countless reports. from those who have experienced it, and ' hundreds of online forums have been setup _ where people can share their personal ASMR experiences with one another. UI ASMRE WIA MES SOLD OF RWPIRE Rat OAS ANIA] RIL, / HLS 710] SICH / ASMA 2 SARISESE! (eI FERS Sahel BEIO] ZICH /AfeISOI THEIL! ASMR BES BRE + Si 2 Several stimuli have been mentioned _ in relation to ASMR, with the most popular ones / being watching someone perform a repetitive, mundane task, / listening to someone whispering, / and receiving direct, personal atention from another person, such as when receiving a haircut 52 7HA1 X}SO) QABEICH / ASMRD} ZIRIOIOY / 7H VME! ROSE /spz7Ho] veeIOLT Bee! EIS Fare ASSEN SEL ssols AB SS A TelT HE MORSE! AIINOIT HOMIE BS we 2 OWS, we mig ze Furthermore, specific sounds such as finger tapping, paper crinkling, and the frying of food have been demonstrated to elicit an ASMR response _in those who experience it, APH SYA A7S Sele +e], FOS PIS 22, BAS Hie dele ASMRYSS owONCLD WEEIRC /ASMRE BH! AIIEOUL Several experts have claimed that videos containing ASMR triggers. may have a positive effect on those suffering’ from insomnia or other similar disorders _ that prevent them from getting a good night's rest. 3S HEISE FAV ASMRE SoHE IO] BZ SIC|SE “SAA SHS SFE Vt / DASH ABO BOIBO[Lt Ho] PARE RIOR HE QPS] GOs HoH] ROSS OHS sea APBEIE Co ‘They believe that the ASMR videos may help to relax the brain ina similar way to hypnosis and meditation. ASS APRICE /ASMR UICC FSPT a 4 IEE SO] YAG VICHT /FIMOIL Maat MISE OR 62. Wololss& READING StartQuestions 1~3 Choose the correct letter, A, B, Cor D. AB, CRED EQve 87/715 DENS. Write the correct letter in box 1~3 in your answer sheet. USS 7] 1S 7] 1-3pIO1 wIZIOH BOAO, 1 Autonomous sensory meridian response ng ae ait vse ‘A has been studied | in depth / by scientists. (X) SPST LICH AS Ql / BETHSOH OOH ‘(G2 ASMR has not yet undergone extensive clinical studies. GBI ASo14 Bale Oe OF OIRIAIT BRICET MALICL. SWE eps 77t O|R! Yo] FLL BEITHSO| Af = QYi| SPREAD BLSLICH UAH AS SESILICE. [BEIT studied by scientists «>not yet undergone clinical stuies B has been linked . to several diseases, (X) ‘SARESIO| LIC / SE IER BEHI GEE FSO S28 BS SEI BS C is often discussed /on the Internet. (0) SS ESIC / PIE AOL hundreds of online forums have been set up ED SIH MoH eateICHe: 1S Safe! weIO| Nhe LHRH efas|OR Ce ABRIL. ‘often hundreds @ on the internet online forums @) discussed ~- has been set up D istypically experienced / by children. (X) ‘GeIOR BREIC /ofzIO1BOF Stet Individuals who experience ASMIR often describe those who have experienced it GBI ASMRE SSolter) AoOHe ABO] AE LEBRIOR ofBOIA| opolOIaIE WEIL + BOO! DE SEBLICh (EXETEED typically often 2 ASMR«an be triggered / by 21S U2 ARH WSS SUE + ICE /~ oH SIONAL A apleasant fragrance. () see B a person talking quietly. (0) SSH WOH ALB EZII Several stimuli have been mentioned in relation to ASMR ~ listening to someone whispering KEE ASMRD} BBE Ofe| ZIFOR IVE! 2 BOM W7I0) BAe 20] wR HAP SAO 2S Be ICY SA0ls 22 2 ASO Bort 2olse 87 SEBUICL. € a brightly colored object.) we Mze| Ba D aloud mechanical noise. (X) Aimee 71 AB Unit 5 {SCH B51 Multiple-choice 633. Whattypeof people mightbenefitfrom watching ASMR videos? Off PHO] ARGO] / SINS WS + SE7} /ASMR HICSS we 20H ‘A Those who get frequent headaches (X) FSS 4% Bi AES B Those who are studying medicine (x) 28S B= NBS. C Those who meditate ona regular basis (X) 27/MO® WS OS MIS D Those who have trouble sleeping (0) +2 #IoH=0/ 14BS YEAS ‘those suffering from insomnia or other similar disorders that prevent them from getting a good night's rest EEE ASME HIC/20] S88 WE AES 2 vice] SI! SS we AeBoIT g + such Yael set 2 HHT] ROE BIST VE Lelol Wel AjaISor ae! Se osc HBO BE A ALICE. Be SS $US ASHE OSS AE 201SE 07} BIBL (EME 0 benefit from > havea positive effect have trouble sleeping ~ prevent them from getting ‘good nights rest Developments in Rural Farming lz! ‘solv ee ee oa ‘Over the course ofthe last ity years, agricultural production has more than tripled / due to innovations in farming technology. Tike SOW, BRAS AL UH OI S7HRICH /ss2l 71S] etAlOS lah In particular, relatively small farmsin rural areas ” have seen an unexpected and significant rise in production inthe last decade, So] Thao} git wma AFRO! SsAIOLA / O|71%] SO! CenIg! ANAt STAG SOLD RICE / AE OZ AOne of th in rural farming _is the increased usage / of mobile apps and farm management software. One such mobile app _ enables farmers to accurately diagnose diseases in. ivestock and find the correct drugs _ in order to treat the animals quickly and effectively. Ae) SRO THY SOO Ya S MS / Sr ABIL / Shia Me se Bel ABEAO|e| / Te uA Be / 5 H0l 7180] WS AeloH | TM + oH LD ABE OS RS + OP BCL HRB AlgolT BePOR AeoF 71 9 Ina region such as East Afica, “where there are over 100 milion farmers spread across an area of thousands ‘of square miles, mobile appshelp them _ to remain in communication with animal health workers “and receive almost instantaneous feedback /on a wide variety of problems. SOb2/749} ZS AIOIOIA / 194 20] We SH7T Fe We Of Slate XII] BOW Ve / SM We SHES S Ch 74 SB 22 VS7IST CCIE / Tel 719] Sel MISS we + ER / Chere SMO che! Similarly, farm management software has led to increased crop and dairy yields, as it educates rural farmers ‘on topics such as pest management, crop development methods, and proper animal care. PAOPH / Sz 22l ABEGOE S7e! SHB SME SATOL OOLRCY / LISI SB zal AMERIOPE AS BES ARH] GEOICY BHOH ae), AIS abo Tel ase 7s Biel Sat we AA ch “it= farm management software 64 soloist READING StartFertilizer deep placement (FDP) is another ir _ by almost 20 per cent. BIS ZOl F7(FDP)i= KE CHE SINOICY / AIRS SABO! AS MNES SI + Bea OH / He] 20m ASHI 271 SI ABE! IO} jovation / that has allowed rural farmers to increase crop yields “innovation = 1 LIS development This technique involves the placement of a newly-developed fertilizer ten centimeters below the sol, avoiding the traditional problem of nitrogen run-off. O1 715 AICI / MH THE! HIZO] RIS / SSE 10 EIDIEIE / SAT} RAISE 71S] SNS TSHR SAS] Of Ol t= BAt(oroblem)7t RAAT HES HO Ste HEBnitogen run-off) The nitrogen in this specialised fertilizers dispersed gradually, - reducing the amount of fertilizer typically. required by one third, Olga S81! HIsO] SIAL MAO BAEICH QOS WOPl Hlzo} gS 20] 12 Zo|gHAy “this speciased fertlizer = a newly-developed fertlizer Questions 4&5 Choose TWO letters, A-E, Write the correct letters in boxes 4 and 5 on your answer sheet. AE SUAS M7] 71S DAB BAAS. US 87] 71BH SX AHAt Syl ¥IzIOL HEALD, Which TWO developments have improved conditions “on small rural farms? Of! 74%] WHO] ABH HAIBIST LETH / APS XI zl A The availabilty of information on animal illnesses (0) PERO! BIO] Bt et O1 7hsel ‘One of the most significant developments in rural farming is the increased usage of mobile apps {and farm management software, One such mobile app enables farmers to accurately diagnose diseases in livestock and find the correct drugs in order to treat the animals quickly and effectively EE one of the most significant developments AURA, BORE QT} AERIO{ AHEO| BOIL, O11 AKBOR 7180] UBS NLT ARE + QA SIRICH XIE BO! Bel A7Vt SLICE 7% SISal aH a Og 71582, HOR BWI Cet BS Oy + A SISICHe LIST CIBISIOR Az YEILICE @ animal-> livestock © illnesses ~ diseases B Theuse of nitrogen-free pesticides on crops x) SABO W471 Ge MEANS C Thedevelopment of nutrient-rich animal feed (X) Seat Bee Se MzOI D Theadvances in crop harvesting machinery (X) sae 43149] Be E Theintroduction of a special slow-release fertilizer (0) capi wasle SH Heol <2) Fertilizer deep placement(FDP) is another innovation ~The nitrogen inthis specialised fertilizer is dispersed gradually, reducing the amount of fertilizer typically required by one third ED another innovations 4745 FOPCS 401 HRB te 2)0] Hs XIE SO] BE B77t SILC. another 2 AVE AnH BR ME MA! O40] & oIMeHS 2B BS OID, IHES ATH WOK FDP SUIS ANBoH Hh BAGEL WIRE BA BHO] AYO] HIRICHe BO] YOSR Ee BERILICh. (EIEEEEED © slow — gradually © release — dispersed Unit 5 {ICH B24 Multiple-choice 65=A SEH Questions 1-4 ChooseNO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet. 1 Inwhich country did George Frederik Kunz believe a fondness for pearls originated? 2 When was mother-of-pearl used by Egyptians? 3. What type of item was sold in order to finance Roman military efforts? 4 What items Romans decorate with pearls to show that they were wealthy? Questions 5-9 Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from th/e passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet. Which TWO of these possible reasons for climate change are mentioned in the text? 5 Who did Dr. Guttman help with his treatments? 6 What sport was played during the first Stoke Mandeville Games? 7 Which country’s athletes competed against British athletes at the International Stoke Mandeville Games? 8 When did the first Winter Paralympic Games take place? 9 Inwhat region could televi n viewers watch coverage of the 1992 Paralympics? 66 *oroIg READING start713 HE & woke! Gol 01 Stal SES A QwIAIel FEM SMS, AIOLA SY BLE LE 71S Vdee Sal Fe guick. & igI4{ SIAM When, Where, Why, What, Who, How)S Sa AS, 27, 8a, Gol SS BALICL FH BA HLYO47} OL AIL} VU=A| SHC Bl BH Ve BAILICY, & Ae VOM SES LE NOLS xIBo4 LY Elo} Bey “LOH EFxIo} Ao}oF AIL IC ZIAARRION Site Ext 4H AYOHOF MILICE, Bt 47} Sele! SEA SILICH, Ol ZAK(a, an, the) EOF9} 7H-F0H ZBIEILIC (@) NO MORETHANTWOWORDS + m ofeio| sto} > BE EHO] SEE & HO] ELOHS HOF BES OPS ONEWORD AND /OR.ANUMBER 21 HO EO} “ea SE BILYO] AX > HO BE 7H Et TOLLS MOF SE 2 + $O|oHL fo} ATF OLAS Z| aS BL OS + BO} ALE A HB Mel OH Su1zO| Bz (SER Swol Het zLAAes Bel ‘BOF XIA|APSOH ‘number 7} ASSIA BE S SVE Che AB SAMILiCh. (SE 2x18 22 40} BAL SYMONS CHEE USS ST 71 MHBOH SAHLY SAP FO! AS7r SLICE. St clOHe weaOHA HBO] Sah Pree WISE S|O|L OpMOl A= mea] AEILICt AE #2 cts Zot ge ae7| BSAA HO HSS QPSHS Sale SHEA] 7] UHLO|| A}Rol| L}S Cros Ache FAlo4 ASCH. Unit 6 EE BHI Short-answer 67met cHaI1 HEALTH AND SAFETY IN WORKPLACE Everybody has some responsibility for health and safety in the workplace. Ifyou are an employer, you must: + Have a safe and healthy workplace + Identify safety and health problems (hazards) + Reduce risks for your workers + Support health and safety committees «Train workers about workplace health and safety + Have safe working procedures for each job + Provide equipment to protect workers if necessary Ifyou are a worker, you must: + Work safely + Think of your colleagues’ safety + Report health and safety problems to supervisors or the health and safety committees + Help employers to follow health and safety laws + Wear safety equipment if necessary Questions 1-2 Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. 11 Whois responsible for providing safety equipment to protect workers? 2. Who can workers report safety problems to? gost RLU 200} oat OE AHS G1 BONN eta elzON cet aIO| gt Beo1 BE- era, EA) aor eC: + Otol ever Be a bres 202) 2 2 MIB A) + SUSE HO AH 24 A> 21 et Slat Tie RO! IE oH + 21 g40 en taf tet atthe woe ag Herts Seep] Het BMS 68 "ol0Ig READING Start geo sexier * SIROPa et gaol one me SON BCE Se wet ot! StaIOION IT ESCHER Ha 40} 2: + woe a9 oe alszt CEA] SH BO] BE eo4 Bet x14) Ape Stet Bia 24s 22 0} 4) BE 22 cele sol ae 2271 HEALTH AND SAFETY IN WORKPLACE Everybody has some responsibility for health and safety in the workplace Ifyouare an employer, you must: Hyouare a worker, you must + Have a safe and healthy workplace + Work safely + Identify safety and health problems (hazards) + Think of your colleagues’ safety + Reduce risks for your workers = Report health and safety problems to. supervisors or the health and safety. committees + Help employers to follow health and safety laws + Support health and safety committees + Train workers about workplace health and safety + Have safe working procedures for each job + Provide equipment to protect workers if necessary [step sTe> 2} Choose ONE WORD ONLY fiom the passage for each answer. Bde EER 2212] BES Hel XIBOIM #1 cHojet REAIa. vear safety equipment ifnnecessary 1 Who nsible for _ providing safety equipment to protect workers? {BAI HEOPF AIBOLA must, provide soety equpmente 3 S7E MOB 7H St / UH NS ABTS BENS WA Het 2 Who can workers report “safety problems to? So / BEE MTB 4 SET} ENB / Ol Ba 1. must Of2H0H LISHE! 0] is responsible forlOIP)ON aHESH= UESRILICH, 2742] BE BOM CH BAIS AIBOHS UBO| V= AS employer2| SHILICH Wha YES employerBUCh. 2 report health and safety problems to Ch3Oi| LES 20] 57 CHASRILICE. to(~OHH)E= CHAE SoH] $8 QUE MAIAPLILICE to CHBOl] supervisors or the health and safety committees} HOSE, 0| 044 BE AUC! St Chola} HHISHE 3S supervisorsQILICh, WH BES supervisorsgILICt. Ifyou are an employer, you must: HOPE ICP) =f response for employer's} 21 + Provide equipment to protect workers if necessary ‘SeuAIn aac Ifyou are a worker, you must: Report health and safety problems to supervisors or the health and safety committees tomar cig) ere! BF BITC & BE alone ord Unit 6 —1881 B24 Short-answer 69Practice Test READING PASSAGE 14 The Origin of Pearls It is not known for certain who the first people to collect and wear pearls were. One | of America’s first gemologists, George Frederick Kunz, believed that ancient tribes in India were the first to appreciate the shape and luster of pearls, which they discovered while opening oysters for food. Indeed, there are many references to pearls in many of India’s sacred books and manuscripts. According to one epic tale, the Hindu god Krishna presented a pear! to his daughter on her wedding day. There is also evidence of the importance of pearls in many ancient Chinese texts. In a 23rd century B.C. book, the writer describes strings of pearls that were presented to a king as a gift. A growing fondness and desire for pearls spread around the world over the subsequent millennia. In Egypt, mother-of-pearl material was utilised for ornamentation as far back as 4500 B.C, but the use of actual rounded pearls did not become popular until centuries later. At the height of the Roman Empire, during the first century B.C., demand for pearls became stronger than ever. In a document written by Suetonius, was said that the Roman general Vitellius sold one of his mother’s pearl earrings in order to finance an entire military campaign. When pearls eventually became more commonplace and affordable, Roman aristocrats adorned clothing and furniture with | them to signify one’s personal wealth and social standing. 70. ¥iojole4% READING StartQuestions 1~4 Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND / OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1~4.0n your answer sheet. 1 Inwhich country did George Frederik Kunz believe a fondness for pearls originated? 2. When was mother-of-pearl used by Egyptians? 3 What type of item was sold in order to finance Roman military efforts? 4 What items did Romans decorate with pearls to show that they were wealthy? Unit 6 G58 81 Short-answer 71READING PASSAGE 2 The Evolution of the Paralympic Games Although athletes with physical disabilities have been participating in minor sporting events for more than a century, it was not until after World War IT that sports for the disabled were widely introduced. In 1944, the British government asked Dr. Ludwig Guttman to establish a spinal injuries centre at the Stoke Mandeville Hospital. Dr. Gutmann included sports in many of his treatment regimens, with the purpose of helping war veterans to overcome specific injuries and regain bodily functions. When such treatments proved successful and popular, this rehabilitating sport for the impaired soon evolved into recreational sport and then into competitive sport. On the day that the Olympic Games began in London, July 29, 1948, Dr. Guttman arranged the first ever competition for athletes who were confined to wheelchairs. He named this historic competition the Stoke Mandeville Games, and the event included 16 military personnel who competed to win a prize in archery. Four years later, the same event was held, this time named the International Stoke Mandeville Games, and military veterans from the Netherlands competed alongside the British servicemen and women. This competition officially changed its name to the Paralympic Games when it was held in Rome, Italy, in 1960. It had increased significantly in size by that time, with approximately 400 participating athletes representing 23 different countries. Much like the Summer Olympics, a winter version of the Paralympic Games was later established and held every four years. The first of these took place in Stockholm in 1976. Ever since the Seoul Summer Olympies in 1988 and the Albertville Winter Olympies in 1992, the Paralympic Games have been held in the same cities and countries as the regular Olympic Games. In recent years, the Paralympic Games has experienced a gradual rise in popularity, and media coverage of the games has grown accordingly. Although television broadcasts of the event began in 1976, the coverage was limited to a taped-delay release and only available in a select few countries. During the 1992 event, 45 hours of television coverage was aired, but only in Europe. It was not until the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney that the event saw a significant increase in global ‘media exposure, and this marked the first time that the event was broadcast live online as well as on television stations. 72 Soj0l24 READING StartQuestions 5~9 Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND / OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 5~9 on your answer sheet 5 Who did Dr. Guttman help with his treatments? 6 What sport was played during the first Stoke Mandeville Games? 7 Which country's athletes competed against British athletes at the International Stoke Mandeville Games? 8 When did the first Winter Paralympic Games take place? 9 Inwhat region could television viewers watch coverage of the 1992 Paralympics? Unit "881 214 Short-answer 73Anewers 1 India 2 45008, 3 pearlearings earings 4 dething and furniture 5 warveterns 6 archery, 7 theNetherlands 8 1976/in 1976 9 Europe /in Europe The origin of Pearl 21321 7/8 sAeau to oge sea Itisnot known forcertain . who the first people to collect and wear pearls were. ‘Bralo| WeAzl He QICh TIE AHI APBet ALR] AHEYSO| + 7eIn] (One of America’s frst gemologists, _! George Frederick Kunz, believed that _ ancient tribes in india were the. first_ to appreciate the shape and luster of pearls, which they discovered - while opening oysters for food. 24 BUM SOSA / BH Maa] ARE VAC} / Do ols HO] AAACID / TO] ST BAS = eID TAS FHS INES MINT BAS Se BS TIO o| B7H8t hich = pear Indeed, there are many references to pears. in many of Indias sacred books and manuscripts. ‘AAIB, ZUBOI CHEE BE PION AIC / PIE Be teat BARRO According to one epic tale, the Hindu god Krishna presented a pearl to is daughter /on her wedding day. BMA COONS, /gipal AI RelA He IS MRAC / Wola /T49] BEA! Soh ‘Theres also evidence of the importance of pearls in many ancient Chinese texts. NFS] Axo Ct SHE CH / BS DA Ss SPIO Ina 23rd century B.C book, the writer describes "strings of pearls ” that were presented to aking asa gift, 7H 23KI7/0l SLOW AHS SAIC TF SBOE “go MBS MES! “that = strings of pears [Agrowing fondness and desire for pearls spread around the world ” over the subsequent millennia, BOVE NFO HE MESO BRS A MPH BEECH (3 SI Set 2m Egypt, mother-of-pearl material was utlized for omamentation as far back as 4500 BC, but the use of actual rounded pearls “did not become popular until centuries later, OREO APH ABSIZICH / BABOR / 71gN 45004 MosMT] 82 BepHy / TAIL see SS OL AL SS CHBSESIT BVUCH / SHH7| 1-H] > Atthe height of the Roman Empire, during the fist century B.C... demand for pearls became stronger than. ever. Ina document written by Suetonius, itwas said that . the Roman general Vitelius sold his mother’s pearl earrings _ in order to finance an entire military campaign. 20} AIRS] BIO / 1B VAI] St | RO] HVE TO} HCH ZOHRACH / POMEL PATE & AON CHES / 0} HE QEALIC] / ZO} A ule] PAK of0}Lo] NF FOS PACD WA] RAPHE! Ata OFBIBI7| PI 74 WolOlg4& READING Start\When pearls eventually became more commonplace and affordable, “4 Roman aristocrats adorned _ clothing. ‘and furniture with them to signify ones personal wealth and social standing. FT SCO} C BYOWLD ASR eet 72Io] SiS wy / Soo] HHS! VAC / Vat TPS / ABS / HOI 7H21 234 80} AFIS TIPE LECH SI ‘them = pearls Questions 1-4 Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND / OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. A] IO} Old} “2 n/He OILSl SMe PAE! BUS ABOW AeHOHRt, \Write your answers in boxes 1~4 on your answer sheet. Erol 1-ayt Zio BES AAD, 1. Inwhich country ” did George Frederik Kunz believe / a fondness for pearls originated? Of Lieb / 2x] MaICHe| BAL VEE / AIFO| Gig Meer SaIEIIC ED Ell George Frederick Kunz, believed that ancient tribes in India were the first to appreciate the shape and luster of pears, which they discovered while opening oysters fo food. ED FOI CH SET APE! he IFO] De BS AOI] ARIE MAD 8A WS OISO| TOY HAO|AtD BF XIB UIBOl SE A77E SLICE. SNOW Bi IndiagyU ce. [EEE 0) originated-> the fist_@ fondness -» appreciate B+ USUC. ABRIthe first) A 42 LEH county)o|o2 Yee 2 When was ‘mother-of-pearl used / by Egyptians? QUMIGHETE / AP HE ARE! 200] / OPE P1EOH ele [ZI In Egypt, mother-of-pearl material was utilized for ornamentation as far back as 4500 BC. BB OEOI BROS PIE ABS AB Vee AIS UNO] BE B77 SUC SAO BE zz etal(when) O)22 BEF 4500 B.C2ILIC, used + utilized 3 What type of item / was sold in order to finance Roman military efforts? Of BHO AHO] /BSETE / Zo} 2H ISO AAAS eel (GD Atthe height of the Roman Empire, during the first century B.C, demand for pearls became stronger than ‘ever. In a document written by Suetonius, it was said that the Roman general Vitellius sold his mothers ‘pearl eartings in order to finance an entire military campaign. EGR & 0} Bz0) HOS BoHy Sap A}e19| nH AIRID! Qlo} CHO! XI LASOI IF APv7t SILC. OF! MlaFlwhat type of item) BOM HH XIE SHA! BH LOSS YES pearl earrings AUC (TT military efforts — military campaign 4 What items / did Romans decorate with pearls to show that they were wealthy? Of SBS /2OISS HFS GAYE! / ISO] BeAICIE 2S AALOH| PHeH Roman aristocrats adorned clothing and furniture with them to signify one's personal wealth and social standing. BEB = Hf0| HO] HO} IPS EHH] SoH BEB BACHE TIS UNO! AEF A77t SLICE AIS OF Z(what items)s SA/MH=X] Ba YOR YEE clothing and furituregALICh, D decorate > adorn @ wealthy > wealth @ show—> signify Unit 6 —5281 BH Short-answer 75The Evolution of the Paralympic Game 1213) 71212} saeem quo eRe: awe ‘Although athletes with physical disabilities have been participating in minor sporting events for more than ‘century, itwas not until after World Wer that sports for the disabled were widely introduced, HIS ANS ROHS 7H SEEO| AIS ATA YI NOH OLE EM] O18 SO! / a 2A CHE OTE SoH ABICE BORIS IOS oF ABATE wel AmHE! te In 1944,_ the British goverment asked Dr, Ludwig Guttmann to establish a spinal injuries centre at the. ‘Stoke Mandeville Hospital, 19440], SS AHS SEvO| PEL LACH AS ONC wBIOLAT AIS Say MES BIE 2S “Dr. Guttman included sports in many of his treatment regimens, with the purpose of helping war veterans come specific injuries and regain bodi BRUC SN SSS BE IE (SY Se SeeT A Iss When such treatments proved successful and popular, this rehabilitation sport for the impaired soon evolved into recreational sport / and then to competitive sport Ae ABHO] JSHOT HSNOlete 2101 SYS / YoHMSS Piet Ol NADAS / OP ABAE wT Say ARAN Sec, 1en (evolved) (On the day that the Olympic Games began in London, “on July 29, 1948, ®Dr.Guttmann arranged the first ion_forathletes who were confined to wheelchairs. SOL Sele} AeIOl ALSIOHE! WOH, / 194841 7B 292], / St FERS At ARS] QI AMOHRICY / BANOION St O21 28 Noes cog ot 0] Sat 27]0] OBS ASA VIC Z7IetD BEET / aI 7 eNJOHE too] Fat VeIBO| AHEIBEM| “I Se got AS ep | slot Faw Fouryears later, the same event was held, this time named the Intemational Stoke Mandeville Games, 482 BS BVH / OO OAS AM AES CIM A7IeET Bach /TeLD WISE Helel a At So] 939] yu Bg BelED aOIRICE This competition officially changed its name to the Paralympic Games / when it was held in Rome, Italy in 1960. Ol AIS BANOS 7 ORS VIII SIEIOS 1 Z>17} HalSIeES MH / 1960\I0H O|S2IOF ZOHOLAL Ithad increased signficanty in size by that time, with approximately 400 participating athletes, representing 23 cliferent countries. AAS FS DOM SOI SASIRICT / Sm Sol Hey MOORS! a7 SH MSS / 271 CHE ITS 76 sjo1o1z#& READING StartMuch lke the Summer Olympics, a winter version of the Paralympic Games was later established and, held every four years. Oba SEUTH OFF WOH / MIRE] SP HS LiBOL ARCH / AID 4esoHce 7HAISIRACL 8 The first of these took place _ in Stockholm in 1976. 12121 41 ein IAS BEACH / 197 AS BOAT “these =the Paralympic Games Ever since the Seoul Summer Olympics in 1988 and the Albertville Winter Olympics in 1992, / the Paralympic Games have been held in the same cities and countries / as the regular Olympic Games, 198843 ME Sh] SLBA 1992 VEY SA Seo] Sel Oley /TAsIeIS ZS SAIot Arla WHAISIRICL / BE gent Inrecent years, / the Paralympic Games has experienced a gradual rise in popularity, “and media coverage of the games has grown accordingly. Ab2O THAIS IS SOl HAF SOIL OO} / Of Het 0] 710] OH WE Brg Although television broadcasts of the event / beganin 1976, the coverage was limited / toa taped-delay release /and only available to a select few countries. LR HSIBIAHO! SHEHALe! BESO] / 197ELO| APISISITICN / 1 UBS SIEOIRICE / SS AS FOS SEB B10 SBOE (taped delay release) MOS / elm Atelel 3 7H B7IOUAIRE OS 7HSBISECE “the event = the Paralympic Games ® During the 1992 event, 45 hours of television coverage was aired, . but only in Europe. 19924 BEB Set / ASA BAIO| UIBO] HAIMOS BASIC / TAIL 4] SEO It was not until the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney / that the event saw a significant increase “in global media exposure, “and this marked the first time / that the event was broadcast live online / as well as on television stations. 200048 ALL 6} THIELE] 12] PE SIOMMOF / A AVE B SAS VCH / MAA OE BOI / Tela ote at BISEIICE /7-Y7P} QIEIOLY AMS! low / SIMI re ROL BEF OHLIet Questions 5-9 ‘Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. $F Sol elm Sz o19] Sas PAE BUS TBO VEAL, Write your answers in boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet. BX] 5-9 Zh EIB AALS 5 Who did Dr. Guttman help. with his treatments? FER OME 7B 59} FRE /19] 11S Ot In 1944, the British government asked Dr. Ludwig Guttmann to establish a spinal injuries centre at the ‘Stoke Mandeville Hospital. Dr. Guttmann included sports in many of his treatment regimens, with the purpose of helping war veterans to overcome specific injuries and regain bodily functions. GD FES OPH T1ae Gols CHS PEP OUP! Tiss CHOleED = > QBLICE AES wieLa Belo] A PAE MES SUCH A SANG AISWCHE AS UIBO] Yet 2717} SILICL. WeIA| BEES war veteranseILICt Unit 6 E281 BH Short-answer 776 What sport was played during the first Stoke Mandeville Games? OH ABAS B7IHL} ARO] ASA BIEN 27] ot Dr. Guttmann arranged the first ever competition for athletes who were confined to wheelchairs. He ‘named this historic competition the Stoke Mandeville Games, and the event included 16 military personnel who competed to win a prize in archery. Stock Mandevile Games7t NBOZ HASIOM 27] Uo CoH AAP! THE UEBOI WEE 2717} SILICL. a AHEO| S487] BROW AIS C17] Sieh BAMSIICHT oF SOA OF ITI AIRET] QI 4 SBLICE CE BES archery@iUict 7 Which country’s athletes competed against British athletes at the International Stoke Mandeville Games? Ok Liste] SEMA7} VRBO! KHeeOl AWOL Sal AES etc B7I0p4 Four years later, the same event was held, this time named the International Stoke Mandeville Games, and military veterans from the Netherlands competed alongside the British servicemen and women. EBB AS 28040} Internationals O1SoH Bole = Z7IO[A SIS OF eIO| YISIEMCOMAY S ata! SALSAH BI Che NE WSO BE 277t SILC. OL Lietol A14StEX| BP BOOS YEE the NetherlandsQILICh 8 When did the first Winter Paralympic Games take place? | SIRO] SA HREIRIO] / THAISIRLETH? ‘Much like the Summer Olympics, a winter version of the Paralympic Games was later established and held every four years. The fist ofthese took place in Stockholm in 1976. BB ASE Sor 2! 5150) HREM] SN7] Ufo] 47H! X}S USO! BEE Vt UC. SA BIBS me! 9] S87] SMOIID S + VSLICH SS! AS AE ORS SE Ae Y YIM O70] Sel mS SE YoISe y we 1976RLICh (ENED winter -- a winter version of 9. Inwhat region could television viewers watch coverage of the 1992 Paralympics? Of ISIOHAL - SHANI APRIXHO] BSB ALB! + ILE / 199214 mHIEIAIS| During the 1992 event, 45 hours of television coverage was aired, but only in Europe. SALE ABHSO] HSS Aol We Brit Galvltos Yael Aol S + ASUCL 19924 Ait ze 1S ZISOI MAIBIM BSSICICHL OF XIE LEBO] EF 2717} SILICE. Of XIai(region)eI31 BD gloos Yee EuropeRiUict. television viewers watch —> 45 hours television coverage was aired 78 soloist READING StartQuestions 1-4 Complete the summary using the list of words, A-H, below. Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. discovered underwater in Lake Huron have conditions similar to underwater habitats ‘comprised of limestone and gypsum The 1 _ that existed 2.5 billion years ago. Lake Huron’s 2 and was formed from the remains of ancient seas. Underground caves suffered from erosion which led to the collapse of the ceilings and the creation of more noticeable holes. Scientists have studied the groundwater that sustains microbial ife there and found that itlacks 3... which typical freshwater organisms require. The groundwater has a higher 4. than most lake water because it is colder and contains more ions. A sulphur B bedrock € temperature D density E oxygen F erosion G species H sinkholes un NY inp rare oe BES VS B71S AASOAY Of4 Yt MEH + VICK Holl FoldHh. NBE #HEIO{ Nota Bened| 712, B12 S19 Note WellQILICt. S ‘Poisey= SOTA, NBs OFA AlSol| THES ‘Bote SUUC 27] SADE Re QS hs SMHS AIALZOH NB7t RASS AS7t BSUCt | BS, OH VS StS wi OW BES SABSISUCL HAY BS BAIS BHC] Bel 2S 27/7} S Yl Ol ASEM] BIC, WE}O] Sets SHBO| =o UCHAL BH SOs BQ7t QSUCt. 80 oHoIg# READING Start,7s He PSS US MSE FAH BA FALE, O14 79] SES Ls + WOO 2} $89] SAS sat SSUCt HE 149617] (Sentence Completion) & 4128 paraphrasingtt SHO! LZ tHP= & FV] HOT PSoto| SxhoH HITS U4SOI xIZOWA Of SOI] A, Aol ASE! COS OBO wl2iol Bord Ses AO}oy BILICH. & OP He] BES OE Passageo|t LOT, ALIA Eajoly} SBOE Section 201M 22 SAILICL 292 gt4J6}71 (Summary Completion) & FR VF Se HS] HY ISS Belst Bol vies ASE & | YAS HBA BE FBS LICL, & BSS WA 1S] Of! QF Cletol chet oO] BAIELICL. SAT Ole} SAS BOIS SBS}O} Of Sl BEHAEY B EIOIL} OFS LYBELA| MISFOHOF ALICE TOA, B SIRO] YOR zoo] Set wry 8 S/O}EHLICH & i297] BOI THY VIBEIS @AOR, 7] AP} We BBO] HOLS} cf ee WRILIC, 42101 (Table Completion) & Bove HEE a & ASL TE BAMAOILY Cle) SAO SASH BRILICH. Scanning He ABOIe Ail HOR MOET Ie BRI > 2 or * 425 2h4$6}7] (Note Completion) & AZ VO Hist -E W7] 4242] Bol Ae US MSE Ve BAO LSE SAISS YOR Yor Scanning HAS ALBOr! HA CAS ey AS + Se WAILICH, {6H 018 #0171 (Diagram Labelling) & ABH eH Moo] YE Sahel vis AEE Set & Ae So}7} YIel HI} BT, viet SME AS UY BE SY SAE SHA] BS BH7t or LHO1Srt se 2 Buch AE 2t46}7| (Flowchart Completion) & A210] AB SACHS MBH SESS} vizio| ae get & Wet SMM XIBO BEE VS + Qe PAO HOST} 7H WH BAKE HIQILICL Unit 7 221971 Completion 812H|B0| BEF A 241 #82} BE9| 2H Hel EIZEAHS7| BAUS EIZKS 71 AEAHOLAY MEHOPPILE XIBOL ClOlS She 7X] SYOS LHALICH. ~ 2) | SX ASSHE Meta 7/9] 7/58 A= 20] Be AZO] SLICh. ~~ ABO APY SOLA CHO HOMF SICH, SMO HAE! BHI CtO H47t BE AZO] LICH, BD elzton Soiz cto} $3 aHey IZ Holo] BAH WSS Ole] Ba BYES LOM Sct YHA] B+ USUCL SY QA, CoH, O18] S Alt | GAB Holo} PlZho SoZ CoS SASHSSS SLICh @) I went to the because | hada terrible toothache, PIZE SFO BAt Groat B= Bt the7} AS —> WIZ Bap Ate] ‘SIZE Oil Olaf BH HEH MBO! because7t UH > HEA WB(ASO! VUICHO wie HS (OH 2¢CHe| Het GED Helo] Ha LYSE toothacheale= O18I2) — X1BO| YO = RE NIBP > PIZIOIS A1SO] BS Vt + She BA YAPT BOI7}0F Sz dentist(A12H7t BEL EXERCISE ¥210l S0izt #0] 4 Ee 228 SRM, NB Youmay use any letter more than once. Ihave 1 sisters. Both of them are 2 than me, and both are very 3 4 _.4____we don't often have a chance to meet up, we get on well with one another. My plan is to 5 one of them, Susan, in Toronto next year. She is the CEO of a large corporation, and is 6 all over North America by her7 | List of Word class A BAP D wat aa BEY E asta c am F eiaouaisay) xencise Answers 1c 2E 3D 4F 5B 68 7A 1 FIBA ols AB + ete SIBLE Ams, SIERO HA oth C) sO} eA: OF 2 be lol MOie SHA BAPE BONG, ving BEG! than gos win’ BBAP! Oe OH 3 beSAt FO] MOLE BAL} RAI} Washes, Ht veryiHP)E SAI} ASAT +ACHOS SAE BSA Ate], wlalAwO] Boos D7 Ep 4 SHO SSG MFO SAL S Me BH Skt FI BEL 5 beBA Fl HOLE ALY BAP} BOW, ve! go or} LONE HEAP Ses AAP ANGEL 2 CHAIN OMENS SoH BAL ‘1 oF ek22 671 ah 6 oy besAORe 2107) ¥axdIE, besA BMH HOHE 7 ASAIS) APA Soll BAPE BOAR WH et GEE Ye 128 _ organ) gc) stupor) 2984 sa ofc) sain Sc) mR 3_NEAL Esch 4_8 ne DDE AE ECE Salle MW ANAC. ARLE OEMS WY Ae! ANS AOE SBN S BATEAES) OAS OK, Fat Scie Aim gaxIoI ol zs 417 BY 26 SHY SH) we ling) 2 + Sle Sake SAM} AIVARIEOR 87 Bet (S24) gale oie 82 “oroIet READING StartAG) 10} BA & Bet BS 27) Scanning2t Skimming Bets Hoe 2 34S + Ue DH SAL, At, ME BO SS FOS Be Bea Ss SOMsUch. BZ] Be Ho} 27] & BES] Se aS AZOY SO Col] ASE Ctoj7t BEo!z| OKA] AGO] Sey BES SA] SHOF RHIC. ® BAtithe, a/an) HS] WZ BAS ETE a/an Fok E+ SAME SUL oie) OFPE! BAI} Sit BlehO] SUMO Oat x}2laiei I Bape S+-eAt(students, whales S)O|7iL} #4/2AK leadership, access $)7t SlO{0f StLICt. (& Kites were used as a EB messenger 2 HAs Agsigct. @ BAt Lo] 0} Apel wiekS BAPE wert ‘BAL MOE FO} BAP} BSA) BLS-D SAVE 3elas Say Eteehe, vizio Sol Bate Cte SS S7HE Bareyict. @ The provides strong backing for Toffler’s view. [EBB evidence BP SBeHo| 01204 chet 2zIe AB BENET. @ AZO US SUSt SEH) Hols ArSwe7t BFS LEA AIZO LS COIS Slot HOOF AIC. OS SOI SMS vlelol Ct - EEE De THsOICAeI, ZIGOIM CLUE BEE EE, BABEHPIC BEE SR Chole 7IgIeHOF SILI, @ Wz Aoj7t BS SAO LS Hoss AAAS Bet EB VIA EOL Se AE Hole O10] Sol LES Hojss BAIA BSUICL, he popularity of youth travel in Europe has supported the industry in the Balkans. tourism EEE PROMO] SUS OfMo| RUS wet HSI Be ates zIBEOD sic. ms 2988 kafo}7] Bxlo] 87] Ax} St © ZHAI LIS Elojay Sele Eto} At @ AES Ae cole) FEIOIL BoIol AS @ XIE G0jo} See ZOU Ce BH CO] AS @ SH FHC Be CtO}O) 47} AIA) Unit 7 W221 Completion 83ef Cha] Map-making and indigenous land rights We are all familiar with the idea that the map does not make the territory. However, recent efforts to reclaim lands for indigenous peoples suggest that the relationship between actual maps and territories is more problematic. ‘The map, or more specifically whoever makes the map, often defines the territory, especially when the map-makers have invaded an indigenous people's land. Maps have taken more indigenous territory than guns have,” | | Professor Jackson says. “And they may also be the best method for returning territory to these people” Complete the summary below. Choose ONE OR TWO WORDS from the reading passage for each answer. Q_ Maps are more likely to protect indigenous land than. : pore — a TS Ms SA x] Ae 92] OFE NS AEE EM Gf SPF Sh 248 SUBIC, ‘gag m wore He seta oat, 2he, EH S842 AM IES} QE AJole| B71 { RgOpis, THESE SE HHS SS SHS Sol. S61 NE AEA] ASE SS A IBRIESI WS BOHR BOL, “ALD ISLimeps) OSIM BEE ss 84 “oloIgta READING StartBet CH|7] SH] BO} AGE Exe] ee mes were] 22 Ate! BE elo} Sojz cto| $3 mo BA Wao BA & 2H BB A) Be GO| 417| & Bao] SH AS Map-making and indigenous land rights We are all familiar with the idea that the map does not make the territory. However, recent efforts to reclaim lands for indigenous peoples suggest that the relationship between actual maps and territories is more problematic. The map, or more specifically whoever makes the map, often defines the territory, especially when the map-makers have invaded an indigenous people's land. “Maps have taken more indigenous territory than guns have" Professor Jackson says. And they may also be the best method for returning territory to these people’ WORDS from the reading passage for the answer. SOL EE & HOE Ha = s hanO], 1 YOK= mored| QSLICE. more thang was BHOS, vlMo-S cHAYO| ME VS et HE 22 BeIAIO1 Slo] SLSLICL more than0| wlaMSH= cHatS o|e! mapszt ¥IRHEILICH, mapst= S410} 22 YIZIOH| ANE SOF BICHE 2B BF 4 SSLICH. ‘Maps are more likely to protect indigenous land than _2!¢_. TIS... SCH SG! SES SB! 7H 0] Cf ct A Be ‘ created from Unit 7 v2! 221 Completion 913. Scientistshave studied the groundwater that sustains microbiallifethere and found that itlacks 2), which typical freshwater organisms require. DOSS BASHDLCH GE /IROM OBO] Athos Oe (ela ~B MIO / IAT SKE AS geo! G4 g7iMIgOl Bae BIER lack] ~0] #aICFaHe KOE SAI0}7} WOHt SACI Bet SHole BPICHRAPT IOoe, vies lackel SIO} SR SIAICHRA| NAL CIB SAH B+ ale QUA Atel Scientists focused on identifying the characteristics of the groundwater that provides nourishment for the extensive microbial growth in the sinkholes. The most important findings were that the groundwater contained no oxygen, and that it did contain high levels of sulphur. ESD 2 221 itz groundwater A1Hoae ele Sola lott BebsHgO] wiever(found that), OMB SVS TAPAS TOO FAH SWAILICE. 7H BOO! wWeAlfindings)'S Alo}-FoH ALA7} SICH BF HS UO! EE 27 S01 BES 7 SLICE © have studied — focused on @ sustains microbial life -> provides nourishment for the extensive microbial growth found that -* findings were @ lacks -> contains no 4 Thegroundwater has a higher than most lake water “because its colder and contains more ions. ANOFEC ES STU CHPHS! B+ BSC} A Neh CH AT Ce O1eS SIRO Q7] mHBOIC zt gtoll BAS] BBavt Wome aap Because venting groundwater i cold, and rich in ions, itis denser than typical lake water. EEE HOH Gore clots B+ Sol views x1O147t SE VALILICE, SHO APE! Hl! BEAlthanjol 7H SOE BOE SUCH S401 Mich M189] QIE7t CH SCID BF TIE LHBOL BEE 27i7F SLICE. BBA denseol Batet density7} 27) AI OS! YES DAILICL. censerltLitS SBANS higher density SBAHBANS Boxee 204 FRBLIC (EET ©) most lake water — typical lake water (2 contains more ions -* rich in ions 444 YIZE OSO)= 8] HHO! higher ~ thand| QSU(ct, SHS SM HZ AAO} WlarsO| NOM ALOHA als B ‘HOS BLO! (12 US 750] YOIS scanningS # Ut blades HHS OA HOE AE Hl Z| MEILICH. Has Green Transportation Proven Successful? SSM O1S4E0] SBA NOS BOIRTEIA? sRE BU Meo owe BE eI Journalist Harry Forsythe discusses the impact of environmentally-friendly transportation initiatives / in Glasgow, Scotland. HAAG of2| RAFOI=7} SOIC} / Hate OLS F has not been reduced Another problem: that many of the bicycles / are being vandalized SCH SM: BS AHUAIPE / HAST Shee BK. Ludlow: not provide _ £4! _ that would be necessary for a proper analysis MIAO AES: SMSO VEC / AMS Sl EMS Plot NOs ERED provides “2 MIBOICH eS EOZ SAO}7} Bot SAOLT ele! Spl VALI thato] YOoe wes xo] SABTt SACHS] OIA OBES SAN B + SIE Wat Fel [ED A fair analysis of how successful the ScotBike initiative has been should take the financial figures into account. Unfortunately, BK. Ludlow, the marketing firm that operates the initiative in exchange for a discount on Glasgow event advertising, does not release financial data on the program ED HHO Sore Gott AteIon gt ANS SteH BLOHAIPE Hl AO] AIS !7} ABOHT| Oe HILICE. SUH BAS A HANS 4R17} WROHAIE! AFIS! Hl AO] EIS R7t O1 ALBOHAI ISCHT et AIS USO] AE BAPE SIO4 BEE financial data St BBO APSE! financial figures 7HSBLICL © proper analysis -»fairanalysis @) not provide -> not release but maintain that ScotBike is popular with . %. and tourists ‘SHIRE ABRICH /ARMOISE ABA ob PHC AS ERE 2414 Fo] BAPE BRAID AIO VE BApt Ve andr} Noo! vere tourists SAE BAe! Bat Ae] lll However, B.. Ludlow describes ScotBike as an immensely popular service with residents of Glasgow and tourists alike, who use the bikes to make approximately 8,000 trips each day. GED 6 B80} Oolzi= USO ul Ao] AST} FaIO7IB ARUIOIA7} HASICHE ACILIC, WIZIO| Boyz cro} touristsel Sse NOS, FIST AHEM SVU MAST Oe XIE BO Bet SHE SLC eA a BE residentsQILIC. and that losses / asa result of bicycle 4! _ / have decreased significantly. BOKER... 91 aaIeL / 2 Bot suc GED 2714} of Fol BAPE DOB HIRE bicyclest HE RANE BIE + Slee BAL HI (as a result of bicycle 2 losses FA/OHE AIA?) (ZI The company claims that losses from theft have diminished over the life ofthe program and are now at ‘an acceptable level that allows for financial profit. GED Fae Het Of et ASHE BM SICH HBRILICL. WEI SOIR! Slot Zoe AH] SHOL, xAIS} Bee! I QI SHOR ele al0] BOHET SICH XIE UIBO| El At SIo4 theft7# BEO1 SILC GTB ©) losses asa result of losses from @ diminished ~ decreased Unit 7 2124595921 Completion 95=A SEH Questions 1-5 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, write TRUE ifthe statement agrees with the information FALSE ifthe statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this: 1 Brass and bronze significantly differ in appearance. 2. Bronze typically includes zinc. 3 Brass is generally more expensive than bronze. 4 Bronze is popular because it resembles gold. 5 Brassis used to make musical instruments. T/F/NG SAI AAAS OAL ‘Sot TE AALBO| SEG, 0] SPSO| Chet S1O}S Ojz] OCH AAAI A/BOIAHE Oe! SPS OWMOHS AZHS BA + BO U Shals] sjSes BUCH. ‘In boxes 1-50n your answer sheet, write UAl9| 1-5e4 tol Bes 716M, TRUE ifthe statement agrees with the information FALSE Ifthe statement contradicts the information NOTGIVEN —ifthereisn0 information on this a BA(1~5H)71 X18 Bisa} a1S}eA ma BAPE XIE BHO CHES VFR | SHE AY BOR BBS oe BUTEA 96 ¥Jol0le4% READING Start71 mH & Of0/B% Readingo PF HEA SYS, Het USA OE! SS US| Vr] OMB LEHoHOF SHE = ALLE. & OS) BH AME OS USE HS HBOS, AS UST FO SS Zh Atal US AAS Selopo} axlohe TRUE(S), ECHO! LIBO!S FALSE (A431), ela 212 Lol Afo| Bis HBOS APY SPl0] S7tsdeet NOT GIVEN(S + 81S) 22 BAISUCt. & Bos Be Molt ole T/F/NGE ME YESS VEL. & FOE SF WSO FALSES NOT GIVENS FOES 210] O24, CHE S| ROH WloH HOLE SS AUCH Sol NOT GIVENS BBS WS + US SH7t AZO ME SPALct. dale YAAOe BASIE USE SAS US7| MHLOY, HN] HS AAS BSSIO} SO|Lt 7A! TACHSHM QHILICH BAIB0| BEF ED 241 e440} ay 428 T/FING 2M BE Scanning YES o1Ssl0| SAS BUCL TAS! SAB Vs Uf Scanningol kg AOL AE 20] 34 eH CIANRILICh Ae 241 O14 & 22 Oop ‘SEAOW7E XHEOUM paraphrasingo| 40] OFPOIH= $0171 THEOH, FOVe! S| lols wep] OH 210] S QHUCL. SMS A Ms SYOl Oo] HAO oH] SY PAE AMS. Sxfo| Seo] of SA PAL paraphrasingBX| 2) Sictel & Cl a Bel 271 SYS LS + USLCL CHES O1O|AAOIAY XE ASEH paraphrasing 7/424LICt -fgzIthe most) = H#E{no more than) slBalmore than) ~ Bilas ~ as) / CHE LIB Hla ea ae ‘any APSA > DH At Dyed oS —> ee AEH SIRE 221 212 tor Saigt us AAS ELS ABT} SMO] WSS HA OH CHS QA] SS] FSSHoF SHLICh. ~ 48 USAL, BBA, OBA, BBu, SUPP, wlmeal 21 A! Unit 8 ZU! BA] Ol TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN. 97faa HEA 2 Boj7H0F B HIS/2t/S/ei| BO Bel TRING BB SHS GH Ch HAL, LIE Ajo] Oley BO] Slop t eHILICh. off! cto! Bolelsel AES HELIER Malet AOWL| IO] TOHOHS MS. 100% 50% Ee always almostall usually afew/litle —_ aninsignficant everyone allbutafew roughlyhalf minority ee all the majority sometimes ‘asmall number "esligible most neitherone thing occasionally Cl fitedoubt neFthe other very few /ltle EXERCISE cho] 298 G28 71 TRUE, FALSE, NOT GIVENSS 74H Sle, 1. Formost people, traditional forms of culture have little impact on their daly lives. +Traditional culture has no impact on our daily lives. _ 2. Popular culture,on the other hand, dominates almost all of our leisure time. ~ Popular culture dominates all our lesure time. 3. Nobody makes their own entertainment. — Very few people are making an effort to actually entertain themselves, a 1 For mast people, / traditional forms of culture / have litle impact /on their daly fives. CAPES] ASODL / Ein! elo] Boe / 79] HB FAI EC / BOI TOL ~ Traditional culture /has no impact / on our dally ives, BB Bhs Hol IS FEC! / Fel Be AI EBT have ite impactinear 0%) + have no impact(o%) GB Fase 2. Popular culture, /on the other hand, dominates / almost ll of our leisuretime. HG Bae /CHe PIBLORE / IRI / F219 OF AIR 791 BH ~ Popular culture / dominates / ll our leisure ime, cfg Behe / Ct /2l opt ARIE RACE almost allover 9%) + alf100%) EB FAs '3 Nobody makes their avin entertainment. ALp-AS Te STN ON HCL + Very few people / are making an effort / to actually entertain themselves, 3A40| AHISQIO| /S8B Bh SIC} BRIS nobody(0%) + very few(near 0%) (GB Fase 98 ¥ojO1g READING Start o% nobody absolutely none not at alIELTS READING a es Rs Sy AZT SA MS HA BOE Se0 ee ee ee people who have asleep disorder all people BAER | orate 7H te ES Bese . some of the problems most of the problems SNEF | aw en creo] x i egy | HEe@n goabroad He should go overseas. F Hie e202 CF DHS) 2 HBIO HEA Bet. (SA) say Women always drive carefully, Women usually drive carefully. F OE BY FOIA SMC, O82 MS FOI SUSI. 54 He should go to a doctor. He ought to see a doctor. T He oWotal 7oF BIC. (BZ) Hie BES Moyet (Bz) 271 | Mary's children really ike sports. | Mary said, ‘My kids are keen on sport’. = sto) | ozo) jo} ARAB wer BOHM, | OFF aC, “MOIOISE AB op SorNLICL” sig | TheY produce the best mobiles, Their oble phones are expensive. et 3 | age sme ace avert Fel ackzS HUNCH, The internet has many users. ‘The internet is popular. BEN ore RecaNE7rIngc. | else easict ie Unit 8 28 215] Of TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 99et chxI7| Purple Martins | Wintering in South America including Mexico, purple martins fly to North | America in spring to breed. They mate and raise offspring in the northern United States and in Canada during the spring. Females usually arrive in| breeding sites after males, which have to establish their territory. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Write TRUE ifthe statement agrees with the information FALSE ifthe statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this Q The purple martin is the only type of bird that lives in North America during the spring. meee a = = ort a AB Eo] OL 1S Lt BI BAe MIB 71 64 oN SOL ORC, ASE A 712! SO ALICE] ICO AL 718 Si IS IBC. PE SHU eA] BIAIO SHE, $210] BSI BOS atENIDEg7] MHEOICY, 100 viojojg1& READING StartBEECH] 2H] BO] BE 40/2! SxS a1 YO] ZA15}7) A 22 sir) BD) S018 71S 2 ABOU BEI Yi Ato} LYS CHRO}] Purple Martins Wintering in South America including Mexico, purple martins fly to North America in spring to breed. They mate and raise offspring in the northern United States and in Canada during the spring, Females usually arrive in breeding sites after males, Which have to establish their territory. fe Q The purple martin is the only type of bird / that lives in North America / during the spring. ad goin ty 3 al a2t wre Dia HOH SSA BALE / SOE HOCH MO] Z/O}O] MAOHE / = 7IZHOH > SM SAILS & 71240 SO] AO ASH “VGH AHOICH ABO Seveyoy p= Apa we BE BAUS SOA SY BxIY|7} RUSH AHApT St Aol FVoHOF SLC, 21 eon SES At SHI7F SO] A]OAOLY HBS L4TT ol BOIS ZICH UESAILICE. Del soy Salo} 24 LICE ASO AAIBICHS UIBO] O1OHAILICH. BEAR! QAM SAVE BF 7/20 MOIOL ASKS “SeIer ae Fhe WSS AE (C/O BOOZ TRUES BHO] + SSLICh Hep] AES NOT GIVEN(S + gtg)eq uc. Wintering in South America including Mexico, / purple martins fly to North America in spring MOzGgH to breed. “They mate / and raise offspring ’in the northern United States /and in Canada Bol EO] O14 30s OA during the spring. ‘BH APE BH SO] XOIOUAY APABIC He AfRH Qt 7H Unit 8 4 214] of§ TRUE/EALSE/NOT GIVEN. 101Practice Test READING PASSAGE 1 Is it brass or is it bronze? Despite sharing a similar aesthetic appearance, brass and bronze are metal alloys that have different physical properties and uses. While brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, bronze is typically an alloy of copper and tin. Bronze is primarily used to create sculptures and medals. Also, due to its resistance to corrosion, it is often used to create nautical instruments. On the other hand, brass is commonly used for decorative purposes because of its resemblance to gold. It is also used to craft musical instruments such as a trumpet and a trombone due to its high malleability and durability. 102 Wojolst* READING StartQuestions 1~5 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? In boxes 1~5 on your answer sheet, write TRUE ifthe statement agrees with the information FALSE _ ifthe statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this: 1. Brass and bronze significantly differ in appearance. 2 Bronze typically includes zinc. 3 Brass is generally more expensive than bronze. 4 Bronze is popular because it resembles gold. 5 _Brassis used to make musical instruments. Unit 8 2 2] Of TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN. 103,READING PASSAGE 2 Keep Your Brain Young with Music Music has played an important part in our lives. It entertains people and enriches every human cultural event: romantic dinners, graduations, celebrations, weddings, funerals, stadium sporting events, and even men marching off to war. In addition to this, music has a positive effect on the brain. Research shows that music can enhance brain function in children, Musical activities such as learning how to play an instrument, or simply listening to music, stimulate the brain and boost learning capability. Because of this, children around the world are enrolled in music programs, and it could also explain why some people prefer listening to music while studying or working. Music's effect on the brain is most likely a result of how the auditory system connects our ears to our brain to process sound. When we hear something, our ears receive it in the form of vibrations that ‘they convert into a neural signal. That signal is then sent to the brainstem, up to the thalamus at the center of the brain, and transmitted to its final destination, the primary auditory cortex, located near the sides of the brain. Exposure to music especially helps to develop the left side of the brain, which governs language and reasoning. Thus, music exposure helps students with language development and sound recognition. Additionally, studies indicate that many children who play musical instruments find it easier to focus their attention on given tasks for sustained periods of time. 104 Wlotoj91 READING StartQuestions 6~9 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? In boxes 6~9 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOTGIVEN if there is no information on this, 6 Music improves brain function in adults. 7 Playing a musical instrument can improve learning ability 8 Many students who learn music can speak multiple languages. 9 The issue of whether music affects the brains of children has been researched. Unit 8 2 22] Of TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN. 105,Answers 1 FALSE 2 FALSE B.NOTGWEN 4 FALSE 5 TRUE GNOTGVEN 7 TRUE ‘8 NOTGVEN 9 TRUE Is it Brass or Is it bronze? :4/217} #EeI717 sBe au mao oe seer * Despite sharing a similar aesthetic appearance, ‘brass and bronze are metal alloys that have different physical properties and uses. UIAR! AIO OBIS BRIT AROS Toi, ANAS ISS as AOI CHE Be a BEET 2While brass is analloy of copper and zinc, bronze is typically an alloy of copper and tin. seal F2igh Ofeie] Shae! WO, /BES AOS ele} Fe] aoc Bronze primarly used / to create sculptures and medals. BSS 71ENOR BEC} /22-Ra} OS eH Also, ‘due to its resistance to corrosion, / itis often used / to create nautical instruments. et / PAH CIDE Xtal HOI /BSS SS ASE / oH 77S WEA ‘resistance to corrosion NON CR NS BAH *it = bronze ‘On the other hand, “brass is commonly used for decorative purposes / because ofits resemblance /to gold. HB BHORE AE BORE} BABE /o}RO| GA}s171 OL / =I} Sitisalso.used to craft musical instruments / such as.a trumpet and a trombone ‘due to its high rmalleability and durability kA EU ASEI} / OI WSEC Sema eRe ee t= brass SENT IPO ele Questions 1-5 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text? CHS ESM ABO MAE BSH AISILID? In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, write 2x/o] 1-54 Zol CSB 7IRSIAI2. TRUE if the statement agrees with the information 1.20] AO} Bales AP FALSE ifthe statement contradicts the information «1. 20 BS OH Ae NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this ojztol Beet S827} SAHA] BEE BE 1. Brass and bronze significantly differ in appearance. seH9} IES Motol Cech / tao cht Despite sharing a similar aesthetic appearance, [EEE NP} NSE oe4(appearance)o| 916] CHECH= WSO! SAS YASS VHC. Alt ASS LIS Hz 106 wojolst READING StartSECHE Behl 48 301 QICHe XIE USO] BE BAPE Slol Bele FALSERLICL (LEED similar « citer 2 Bronze typically includes zinc, ASS NANOS RBPICH ofS ©2P_ While brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, bronze is typically an alloy of copper and tin, EB 850 OleI(zin)s Beech BSS, S4 Ba O1FOI zinc} THY SOV! BAOH7t SILC. SAVE FAIgH oH 9) SHS O|@eD XS UEBO| BEE AP! Slo] BBS FALSERILICY, X}BOH MEP ASE ofgto| ofc! 40] ERE! BaQiuich 3 Brassis generally more expensive than bronze. Selle QUINOR Cl uM BEC ERB 741 BE! USE Ao] GO YES NOT GIVENSLICt. 4 Bronze's popular” because it resembles gold. BSS OEIC “aay wIOH7| AO ~ brass is commonly used for decorative purposes because ofits resemblance to gold. EB 247} BIAS FBBICHe MIBAILICL. Salo] VIE! Hf MHBOL BABOe gol APSEICHE UESO| LEO2! 6 High FOU B AINIMOFBILICL, 0] SO Zot brasso|Ie YY FALSERLICE BE On the other hance QOH Bol HSS MNOS CHE HBS MAIO UH AFSRILICL. &, BSS AON oH aE EPS VEE AE ASIN, SERS C2 Seale Bz AANA MO BYSOS ASEH LISAIL Ch. lela} Gles| FO! CHE 2401 OM! FO} $F On the other handel= SAO MBNA DetSIel I eto] ZO} MB WIC Se 20122 YEE NOT GIVENT} ofL af FALSER! 2RILICL [EAB 0 popular commonly @ resembles gold -- resemblance to gold 5 Brassisused _tomake musical instruments. SeAIE BEC / OP 1B EET Itis also used to craft musical instruments BBD APT 01715 VISE ABSIT MIS OE O}77t FO HOVE TLIC 1715 VE A MoICHE WHO] Bato] LS O17 [oa iol Hee AE Bt BBSI FIO! brassolse JIS TRUELILIC. make ~ craft Keep Your Brain Young with Music 2922 2219] $315 3A glee saeaM su ewe: BEE Music has played an important part in our lives. SS SQM IS sit / g2l0) orgoHAY Itentertains people and enriches every human cultural event: romantic dinners, graduations, celebrations, ‘weddings, funerals, stadium sporting events, and even men marching off to war. FS AIES SO ORD / SE O20] Bl BAS SAA SICH PMOL AY ALA), BIN, SHAM, BEAL, ab 2H, B71 ABA BAL, TAIT AITO} AES MRICS YTHSTAA] Inaddition to this, - music has positive effect on . the brain. O1 S101, B82 SANE! BAKE OIAICE / Fo Unit ® Su 141 O}% TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 107#9 Research shows. thet musiccan enhance _ brain function in children. SPE MOKEC SOHO] Use! + Vets 2S /OfOHe| SH iss ‘7 Musical activities such as learning how to play an instrument, or simply listening to music, stimulate the. brain _and boost learning capability. B19 USES OIE ODE HR MP 2 4g SeAlzc fi , BE OS BAS Aeele AE / FUSION SS 4 Because ofthis, children around the world are enrolled in music programs, andi could also explain _ why some people prefer listening to music / while studying or working. 0] CHO), AMA O(ZIOISS / Sot BEBO] SIO} SIC} 21m o| SA) aI + SICH / 94 OIG! ASS SAS BHOVIL Wore Se! Music’ effect on the brain is most likely a result of "how the auditory system connects our ear to our brain to process sound, B2f0] IO} OHS SRS ~O4 CHEE ABI 7H AO1 Pk CH / OFA At MATE / Pell HE SELIO| wiBAO}OH / 2] BH 10171 9104 When we hear something, our ears receiveit in the form of vibrations - that they convert into a neural signal FAP OF AS SE MH, /S2/9| = OLS WOBRICH / TIES] MHS /IGO1 4B Se welts That signalis then sent to the brainstem, “up to the thalamus at the center ofthe brain, / and transmitted tots final destination, the primary auditory cortex, located near the sides ofthe brain. AF DUSE LOS MUI AMOHTIA 4] SAO! We / aly as Baal 1} At ME BEI 51 3% BNOL PAIS “Exposure to music. especially. helpsto develop .thelett side of the brain, which governs language and. reasoning. _ Thus, -musicexposure helps students _ with language development and sound recognition. S20] LBS RS Sd] / WSA\71EH] SSO SICH / Ho] SH SHS / Hit FES AAS / Med, / Be 2 UUES SECT / M10] HEIDE Az| OH Cha Additionally, studies indicate that many children who play musical instruments /findit easier to focus their attention on given tasks. for sustained periods of time. SOL, / APE LEHICE BS OFRIOISO} (01715 OEBHE / FOUR! Ah4oH Fe Ae ARE SO 2 USA 2S Cf a were Questions 6-9 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text? Ch SEEO| XZ MALE! OF ALLL? In boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet, write SA1o| 6-984 OH CHS 7IgIbialD. 108 ¥Jo}ojg1 READING StartTRUE ifthe statement agrees with the information “1 S80] tsa} aller ae FALSE ifthe statement contradicts the information “1 S40] B29} cH AE NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this Oso 28H 274 SIDE] Otis IE 6 Musicimproves “brain function / in adults. B12 SHAAIRICE Fl is / Sel01 (GND Research shows that music can enhance brain function in children, EE BHO) Skl9 5 71s SAARC UIBRLICE. ARO ‘O1201 2] SI 7H ZIsHoH CHO! LESS eHBELD eIxIQh af 10H CHO HSS AI O(CIORE 4S + GOO YES NOT GIVENEILICL MAID O(BIOVF ICSI SS 3k BCID F-89144 brain function in childrendlef+ UBS 2A Ao} AES Noi a1 a= FoperL ct, [EXEEE improve enhance 7 Playing a musical instrument “can improve learning ability. OUIB RS Ae / te See eI + etch ‘Musical activities such as learning how to play an instrument, or simply listening to music stimulate the brain and boost learning capability GEE 9771 2771 8G SAB BAAMZICHe UISRILICL, 1 OF BIS MISE 2101 He BAS sBHAIZICHE UEBOL ‘8 B77} SIO} FBZ TRUEQUC, EXE © improve boost @ ability + capability 8 Many students _ who learn music “can speak multiple languages. HS AMIBS / BS ME / ofa] CHO} we 4 gic Exposure to music especially helps to develop the left side of the brain which governs language and reasoning. Thus, music exposure helps students with language development and sound recognition EB SS HEE AHESE fe] HOHE BA + VCE HBRILICL S20] LBEIE 22 910} WHO Sez0} SICH TIE USO! BE SNE Sel + SLSLICH. e112! ‘Go| WEral OFe) CIOL Be + Qe W'S SBP AWE O4LAHE 20H POLICE. Of2| OIE Boke= UB Ae CIOS LYo}RIT] YOO® YEr2 NOT GIVENRILICL 9 Theissue “of whether music affects the brains of children has been researched. Obgr= / SAO] Ofo1 So) SIO VIS OLAS OMIA CHS / SASL gICF Research shows that music can enhance brain function in children, EB 3%0] ofGI0} Jo SS OIHEXI OF OH CHEF ATE OMFITITL QICHE LHBRILIC. OF? ZiaIPE VICHe 2S ay WIBOI CEFELT SICH= HO H 4 RIBLICE Research showse ASHE SO] OffI0] Ski TiS ZHICHS XIE 280] BE 2771 SUCH Wie Ba EBS AFMO] SIO} BEL TRUERILICh. ERB 2 489) AIM eH (aI7 ION APEESIO} SHAPE] SIAL Ye APE)PE BPE She A BAOI ALAA wey AY HARILICE. O| $ 742) AVE SIDI ZS AIZICH( BH) S BEHOLD ASLICH ADE CHECED G82 NOBIET Bf] gat ‘AME Ololohe= 20] P1014] UISHOIO} ALS OFF BOSS SLICH (EEN © the brains of children brain ~ in children @ has been researched > Research shows Unit 8 2 21] Of TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN. 109Bl SEH Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the passage? In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN fits impossible to say what the writer thinks about this, 11 Women enjoy memorizing things more than men do. 2 Facial recognition studies have included both men and women. 3. Explicit memory is required when recognizing human faces. 4 Men find it easy to identify emotions by looking at faces. 5 Women tend to exhibit stronger emotions than men do. | 6 Women have difficulty recognizing negative emotions. YIN/NG 244 vs, T/F/NG 2H) $70] SBE SM Sele SUA, AOI CHE We BE SM SBC, TIFINGE APS US 2015 BE SAS Information(B}0| 71FO|AI, ¥/N/NGE Claims of the writer(| 2124) ol 7 RIC 110 wojorgl READING Start7a me! & V/N/NG BH FBS AAO] iz FY BAYS BAS] wpeHof Ske FBAILICt. &| ASO At IZA SY US LHe AA/SIS! YES, Wels! NO, Oj! A/S SOS solo] 7H ‘SHCHE! NOT GIVENQILC SES B7/St MHoli= 012 ¥/N/NGE ME YYOS yBHL|Ch & AAO] 1S Toots HO|Se J 40) YAS Movs + QNojor LICH. SAAB HYAS LEME Ch Si} ZS BASS, Mt, FSB)O| ABS V7] Het SQSt sO} BUCH FBAL| Positive) HYAS So} Co} diverse tunspoilt(=unspoiled) accomplished realistic sophisticated cart eS Be 71801 ot aaa! yae efficient thorough influential prominent ee ane et sat ¥BALI(Negative) HBAS Sole Ho} disastrous biased vulnerable dated confusing ase igrsal ere ror apace itrelevant harsh catastrophic monotonous distorted sett 21 raaiar ones shat & SO Ate HOS AMOS 210] BM] BIE} SIPIS BIC. 4, HAVE SNOIAS HES] gg (AAs) HSS BAS BAMBIOI YESS SSH ARILICH. AIF UIMISHA] MHEZO| 0] ISS APAOIXIgE BES NOZE SlOF SILICh. CHES Y/NING @HOLM OE aOR KE AI SSI BeILICh In Murphy's view, oinis} 2:01 = 01 Professor Johnsons argues that ~ ‘Several researchers claim that ~ Be Mt etn Supt 9 ee -2in sziCt ‘Many experts suspect that ~ 22: ~e ote ‘commonly held belief that ~ Some people say that ~ 2 s1s}5@ -2im arvict ie eaoIct AAs has been frequently demonstrated, 229) 5251215, Research findings confirm that ~ 27 23h ~B sjeict ‘According to the latest survey conducted by ~ ~7} #40! 212 42 Aj mee Experts have discovered ~ @IS8 ~2 2c SHHBO] et TFING 2M Bz} SA PAWS MBS + UL Unit 82] SxBo] Vey] SS aRop2, FO1E SHE B52 BNO} BASH] A BS HASED Aela] oZ017] BRET] EAlol SAE SVO| Ato] IAP} MSHS BY APOIA| CBE! AST} 7HPIO| OIZOITLE Bplay SLICE AMOS 71ELE ASA BAS! USS Lof VS HAs] Unit 9 26H 2181 OF YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 111mer CHI The complexity of choice Most of us believe choice is a right. We get to make numerous decisions in our everyday lives. ‘Some choices, such as whether to clean the flat or not, may require energy and annoy us, buta lot of them are as simple as choosing a coffee size. It’s easy to forget that many people in the world do not get to make decisions. In poor countties, choice is a luxury, not aright. And even where we have the freedom to choose, do we really make our own choices? Or are our choices made for us by powerful companies and advertisers? Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the passage? Write YES ifthe statement agrees with the claims of the writer No ifthe statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if itis impossible to say what the writer thinks about this: Q People in poor countries are the only ones without real choice. AIR 49) 122 WIBOHE SEZ negative HBAS 7Hs40l SUCL TASES AS 40] ORO] LSC, Sots LESHS HOIAl BHA) MOS! I HIAS gH MOSHE HAO] SLICE, meat = - sto} a -S21B eS Leo Bele Bech. Fa} B45 UR ISS ge AEE AMI = 34 ASKS Ataloia| Be OHLIC), e/a Alo} SERRE ATE Bl BOIS BUN ADA SoH OH ROE! AOI sO 8 SOG Ola UICC, APIS] LO AARYBOL AAAS UMS > ICH 2h 917 ACE. He LHe fe BU AAR Maye af E717 Of 18 GIO] AE 112. SJojoials READING StartAEE CHA] SH] BO! GD F012! Ems 217 HALO} Bajaj] 28 8171 SAO1E 7IOR TBO Bet LIS SOF IS CLASH] The complexity of choice | Most of us believe choice is a right. We get to make numerous decisions in our everyday lives, ‘Some choices, such as whether to clean the flat or not, may require energy and annoy us, but a lot of them are as simple as choosing a coffee size. It’s easy to forget that many people in the world do not get to make decisions. In poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And even where we have the freedom to choose, do we really make our own choices? Or are our choices made | for us by powerful companies and advertisers? | aa Q People in poor countries / are the only ones / without real choice. AES SUBAREA Bue aeaol ge ae Aaa Theil Let ARIES “RIVE ALESOICY / Atay! AieizIO] gt > JES Let ASS SIMO! MEMO] Ste RAS AFAISOIC. Aso Bolwjoy Sts AY Bet BE FEO BABOS MA] Qa, PPS APSO} PHSSE SO! E-ROHOF BHL|CY, AAHS 7Htet Leto] APSO] MEMO] Belt Of! Attlee CSS OIA SILICL. Ol AA PAIS (MeNEt Tt W7t LE MBSE) Tel AAwo| Mes Aeel MES) OLD VET] YEE OT QISUCH 0] BROS WI PRAL HBAS U}OOHOF BILICL. FAAS THIS! feo AtEKSO] ABOHA MAO] t= AFSHSO] OFLI2F, AF ME PAE ACHE WSS HOS ASUCL AejSe Bye YES7} of! NOZLCh. In poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. / And even where we have the freedom to THRE ARES SE AIC choose, _do we really “ make our own choices? ARREXIROF RE TOU AIEEE Pel AOL MONS of GNM ERE SOME IR7E Ue! LIaloH AI ME AER LESTION eH OLS EIB) Unit 9 20H 181 O1 YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 113Practice Test READING PASSAGE 1 Facial Recognition Research indicates that, if men and women are given the same list of words to memorize, both groups will remember the same number of words on average. However, when participating in facial recognition studies, which require the use of ‘explicit memory’, women were found to perform better than men. For instance, women were more proficient than men in recognizing emotions in human faces, particularly negative emotions such as fear and sadness. Many of the men involved in the study struggled to identify several emotional states through facial recognition. 114 Wojolst READING StartQuestions 1~6 Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writerin the passage? In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write ves if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO ‘if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN fits impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 11 Women enjoy memorizing things more than men do. 2. Facial recognition studies have included both men and women, 3 Explicit memory is required when recognizing human faces. 4 Men find it easy to identify emotions by looking at faces. 5 Women tend to exhibit stronger emotions than men do. 6 Women have difficulty recognizing negative emotions. ‘Unit 9 208 14 OF YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 115READING PASSAGE 2 The Effects of Video Games on Children For many years, it was common to hear complaints that video games have a negative impact on children. In particular, it was often claimed that video games limit opportunities for outdoor activities and, as a result, lead to obesity and poor physical health. Another claim is that violent content in video games encourages aggressive behavior in the children who play them. However, there is actually very litle credible evidence to support such claims. In fact, several scientific studies have been carried out, and they indicate that children who play video games are often more physically fit and less likely to be obese than those who don't. Children who enjoy playing video games were also found to be more socially engaged and civie- ‘minded than their non-gaming peers. Researchers conducted a study on video gaming in four cities in the Netherlands and determined that kids who had a computer, games console, or television in their own bedroom were significantly more likely to play outside than kids who didn't have private access to games or TY. It was concluded that video games have a beneficial effect of connecting young people with their peers and helping them to engage with the rest of society. One reason is that children easily make friends with other child gamers, both in person and. online. They discuss specific games with one another and often play together, either in the same room or online, On the issue of video games promoting violence in children, studies have shown that there is barely any evidence at all of such effects. In fact, although violence in video games has become increasingly prevalent over the past few decades, there has been a s nificant decline in real-world violence involving children. Some child psychologists believe that playing such games helps children to learn how to control theit anger. In one experiment, high school students were presented with an almost impossible mental puzzle and were assessed for their emotional state. It was found that those who play violent video games felt less frustrated and angry while attempting to solve the puzzle than those students who didn't play such games. Other experiments have documented yet more positive effects of video games on mental development. One such study showed that playing fast-paced action video games can significantly increase a student's scores on tests of visuospatial ability, such as standard IQ tests. Gamers also tend to achieve higher scores than, non-gamers in tests of memory and critical thinking, Finally, there is mounting evidence that children can improve their overall literacy skills through the text-based communication in online video games. 116 sJoioig1& READING StartQuestions 7~13 Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the passage? In boxes 7~130n your answer sheet, write ves ifthe statement agrees with the claims of the writer No ifthe statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN fit is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 7 Inthe past, people claimed that video games led to obesity in children. 8 Studies show that video game violence has caused real-life violence to increase. 9 Video games that involve physical movement are becoming more popular. 10 Children who play video games easily form friendships with one another. 11 Inan experiment, video gamers found it more difficult to solve a mental problem. 12 Most high school students are actively encouraged to learn how to use a computer. 13 People who play video games typically achieve better scores on memory tests. Unit 9 216212 Of YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 1171 NOTGVEN 2 YES 3 ves 4 No 5 NOTGVEN 6 NO 7 v5 8 No 9 NOTGWEN 10 YES, 110 12 NOTGIVEN 13 YES Facial recognition 22 4! sae aM: su01 | Research indicates that, ifmen and women are given the same list of words to memorize both groups willremember the same number of words on average. SPE ROE EM ENT OOP 171M SRB! clo} Sol FOLIC SIS SS rele HOI} BAO suet solos 283 However, _ when participating in facial recognition studies, _ which requite the use of ‘explicit memory’, ‘women were found to perform better than men, SHIR BB OLA CI PON AOE BE, “ied 7/9" S| AIO] Me, OWS BOC HB oe NOS ASS CT QApIChS 222) AeCh Forinstance, 58°women were more proficient . than men _ in recognizing emotions _in human faces, particularly negative emotions _ such as ear and sadness. HE SE OSE CH SARL YMMCH / LIS CIAaHe WOH SOI / Ao] SHOWN / Sel BNE we (Fel anaeze Many of the men involved in the study struggled to identify _ several emotional states . through facial recognition. BSYSSS ATO AO! TOC OHS ch ofe| 77] Zh NS Ma INS SA Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the claims ofthe writer in the passage? ofete) ale 218 & Hho] ABH ARIE? Inboxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write BAe] 1-641 Zio CES ALAS. Yes ifthe statement agrees with the claims of the writer 2801 HHO] Fat AAA No if the statement contradicts the claims ofthe writer 280] NAS] FET BEE NOTGIVEN ifit is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this {17+ O/H cH O74 IOHS x) Bat + gic 1. Women enjoy memorizing things “ more than men do. OP S710 2B SLC erat ot [EzaD Research indicates that, if men and women are given the same list of words to memorize both groups will remember the same number of words on average. ED O10] oH wth eI7ISHS AS SICH UABEILICL. oFITE LEAIO| WISE Qtr let 3H SICH XIE HBO! NO of chgt SE S7}Ae} W101 + SILC. OfISh QITIB RICH AS B71B SUCH BIE OFBELCE MAHA NO 4 BEO S + SSUCL lots 2S Sri Ol Chet 4 wlaT BS XS 2! YOO YSS NOT GIVENQILICE 118. sJojole4 READING StartFEAL ONS LEMME enjoy! VS ASAE ASS SO] SMO] IS YS, TIE SUS HRS| YE AHL ZEIMEAHS AHBSE UHBOI QlO}OF YES/NO wictet + SleSLICh 2 Facial recognition studies have included both men and women. Se OY Oe SBEK} YEO oF However, when participating in facial recognition studies, which require the use of explicit memory’ women were found to perform better than men. GEE FF C4 OPE BUS OF BRICHE HIBRILICL ILI7E eI-7OH AlOIgCHE Fo] Zim CHO! TIE LEBO! BE 2771 Slol Bee YESRILICE. (EXER studies have included -> participating in ~ studies 3 Explicit memory is required / when recognizing human faces. 218 71240] SEI / AtetO| BS lyst a However, when participating in facial recognition studies, which require the use of ‘explicit memory; ~. ED 2G 14) FOI Sle 7IRI9] APO] AAEICHe Ae, VBS oI mH Oe! 7101] QAEICHE low w+ BEL] Cf. Whept BES YESQILICH. recognizing human faces — facial recognition 4 Men find it easy toidentify emotions by looking at faces. SSS AAC WHS Hoss As sesso Many of the men involved in the study struggled to identify several emotional states through facial recognition. GE SSeS ABE UB Hots gAlleasy) BCS UISBUCH. Ba US SHE Mts We weooD (struggled) dhe X12 L480] BE 2747+ Slo] NOT} YEfO| SILICH, easy struggled7t HZ vICHEI= FzHYe! Of 2S LEHH?| Sid ABBEIAS LICH, © easy + struggle @ emotions -» emotional states 5 Women tend to exhibit stronger emotions ‘than men do. OSS Batol BAO] Net cH Bet IS /erswICt [EaIE_ women were more proficient than men in recognizing emotions in human faces, particularly negative {emotions such as ear and sadness. Ofs0] AMC C 2g A BEI RICKS HISRILICL. 2 OIA BRO 2B GU BES Joba ale Oe ot B+ Gal, ABO CHE ROLE zy ReIO| Chet Se WL UIBO BSLC}, mle}Ay BEE NOT GIVENEIL. 6 Women have difficulty “recognizing negative emotions. O18 OES ALC / EO BAB eAOHEGL ‘Women were more proficient than men in recognizing emotions in human faces, particularly negative emotions such as fear and sadness, EEE 0180] HNO! AVS -B LVS VOICHS UIBRILICL. oo] YIMCH AS Of SqOHA CIR + suCHE A} UiSat BEICHSHE UIZO® BEE NOZLICt (EERE have difficulty ++ more proficient a Unit 9 268 2141 Of YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 119The Effects of Video Games on Children ICIS 71240] OFO|SoHrH OLA eI smeau quo oe: Bear For many years, itwas common to hear complaints ” that video games have a negative impact on children. Se MOC BIS SE SS YICS Meo] ogo SAAS! I OAC In particular, it was often claimed that _ video games limit opportunities for outdoor activities _and.as.a_ result, lead to obesity and poor physical health, Ko] SS SIAC VICI AIS 718K APIO / OFS] SES Het / elms 3 Bah / blest Azetahe olofal Che 8 Another claim is that _ violent content. video games. encourages aggressive behavior - in the children, who play them. ECE SVS vICIS wel HAAS Bol BAH BSS ELCHE AOICE / AN ee O1O1SOH However, there is actually verylittle credible evidence _to support such claims. ORE / ANIA eS Sti SH 21 SICH / eI aS IE Infact, several scientific studies “have been carried out, and they indicate that / children who play video ‘games are often more physically fit “and less likely to be obese than those who dont. AMS, 7B) 2G GSO / AISI / TAL TASS (HFSE) UEC / wICle ALS He o1Ise SS AWHPHOS Cf COED wll Hf 7HSAIO| CH SICH ZB / TX] GS OLOISHICHUICIO RIB OFA] B= OrOH LACH) Children who enjoy playing video games / were also found to be more socially engaged and civie-minded than their non-gaming peers. VICI AS S71 OSS / KS roach AIOE C| Hols] SS IB Ae AOE AVS ol Be ays 9 Researchers conducteda study on video gaming. in four cities in the Netherlands / and determined that kids who had a computer, games console, or television in their own bedroom . were significantly more likely. toplay outside than kids who didn't have private access to games or TV. FESS Oi OTS MAINE /HICLS RIO Bet / 4749] SAYA / UIRIBEO| / AID BOWE / RIREIL AGL 71 SS TE AHO! BAO ANISH OHO] / HoH Se PHesALOl SIsHH| SICH A / AIBIOILY TVol AIOE BSE # Bee ofSCt 1o1t was concluded that _ video games have a beneficial effect of connecting young people. with their peers and helping them . to engage with the rest of society. Ol YAIRI /WICIS HAS ~Ol CHAH BOISE FART ayalcts aA Si Zo) 2 yo} ts) PU BE WES, AED / IS eo) (Tein ISS s00ne reason is that _ children easily make friends. with other child gamers, both in person and online. BO O1Re /O}01S7Ie| APA Ht St CHE ARS She Otol Sat“ OueroIat Bele BE 120. HJoroj@1= READING StartThey discuss / specifi games / with one another and often play together, eitherin the same room or online ABS SBS HCl / Sa Algol BH / Me / Tein SS eI AIS wet / Ve woIL} eajgiog “They = chideon 8 On theissue of video games / promoting violence in children, ’ studies have shown that / thereis barely any evidence at all of such effects. ICIS BISI O1FOH Chel /OfO1SO] BES SSVICHE / Ge SOC / B77t 7191 alws / Tes get] In fact, “although violence in video games ” has become increasing) Lover ths _ there has been a significant decline ” in real-world violence _ involving children. Abas / wi MICS. ANQ}o| SeHSO| / A Cl HTL SIRIeF / I BE ILIZE / ERTS] ZACH ONCE / BaIOLALO] Bey 01 /ofgtorgo BENE ‘Some child psychologists believe that / playing such games helps / children to leam_/ howto control their anger. HE O}S SPIES BECE / Tel AIS Oke HO] SEC /O}0/E0| ~SHSE AS THO] SRE SHOE WS, "In one experiment, high schoo! students were presented with ” an almost impossible mental puzzle and were assessed / for their emotional state. OAS / DSSS wet 719] B+ Re Mel SS (elm HOC / TSO! Ze AHH CHO 11 twas found that / those who play vi and angry _whil tosolvethe puzzle / than those students “who didnt play such games. BUSIAC / SCC! VICLS AAS OH SHISS / AHO BLE SF Le HOS / 1 SHS FajDAlSs= Sot HSSSCh / TE Alas ol ete Other experiments have documented’ yet more postive effects of video games / on mental development. CHE NeISS ISAC / BICC AB] IU HR SANE SHS / BA! WOH OA ‘One such study showed that / playing fast-paced action video games / can significantly increase / a student's scores / on tests of visual spatial ability, “such as standard IQ tests, el GF B OHS SOMARICH / WHE SEO] OFM HICLO RIS SHe AE / AIS] STAI + VCH AS / AYO] Bi 2 / ABS AAGOIM / BS 01017 AES Be 3 Gamers also tend to achieve higher scores . than non-gamers / in tests of memory and critical thinking, AGE OS ARISE CO! Clee MSS Ite SHO! VCH / IB Oe Mle APEC / 71oAeIay uly A} AE OLY Finally, there is mounting evidence that / children can improve / their overall literacy sills / through the text-based communication in online video games, OxIaoe /B717t S715 SICF / Of2IOISO| BALL + SUCHE / ISO] HHO! BS AT ME Ba / BA IRC} SUIAES SoH 22h0! vICIO 70144 Unit 9 ZH 2141 01 YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 121Questions 7-13 Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the passage? obo] BBS AE 4 710] Fatah AISHETI? Inboxes 7-13 on your answer sheet, write ‘Brlo| 7-13¢i Zoi cas MAI. YES ifthe statement agrees with the claims of the writer 20] H=}o| 2/3} IaIshe4 NO ifthe statement contradicts the claims of the writer 20) *ixho| Faia} SAI NOT GIVEN ifitis impossible to say what the writer thinks about this, 1517+ o[20H che Of) 82GHR| Bh + cet 7 Inthe past, people claimed that video games led to obesity in children. BPI ARISE FUNC /HIELS Algol Zab Aor wet In particular, it was often claimed that video games limit opportunities for outdoor activities and, as @ result lead to obesity and poor physical heath, ED bIC2 42)0| Of UisHobesitylow O}OHRICID Beier APEISO| Blatt IBBLCL. HE Bore! obesity7t Ich BASE BNO] SYD SILC. vICLe AAQIO] AaIow wetow ojBCrD Cae gO] ZOHS AES VES auc EBD 251 187; BSoHE UiSO| AIO LIS BS, YESE 471 Mol ALE Sea weet cf SlelojoF RILICL BAKO AL AE Allin the pas, claimed)O1 XIE WBS APIS 2H\it was claimech= SBE! AM] Iw BIS YES? BIUICL 8 Studies show that video game violence has caused _ real-life violence to increase. IFS MOLEC} BICle 79] SetYol qUINICEN AOE] RAS S7AM7IE AS ‘Another claim is that violent content on video games encourages aggressive behavior in the children. who play them, However, there is actually very little credible evidence to support such cl ~On the issue of video games promoting violence in children, studies have shown that there is barely any evidence at all of such effects. Infact, although violence in video games has become increasingly prevalent over the past few decades, there has been a significant decline in real-world violence involving children, EB SF Say HCO Neto] BeyAfo] ABO) Bets S7AIZICHe UBRILICL. ASI Al LIM BE Another claims ~ who play thernix|at HOR XPS! YESS YAS + QIAUICL TWiLt HZ ISAO ‘Ol FBS MWY MES APHASIA ES Y BSUS SOE wdID WEL. SEG OTIS} BEIOHAY O] LBS THOS SOD SLC. HICLS AAO] OfBO1O| IIS SRAMICHS OFF of CHOLA M0} 2717# OO, VICI Melo] HeyAJol C| = EA}TIar gialer AAI BIS aIoIo| aroen VCH 80] Et 2717t SLICE CHE SEIS YES7E OF! NORILICE. D caused reablfe violence -» encourages aggressive behavior @) increase ~~ decline hawave, 2 ARTO: OHA HALE Et LST VICHSIE LHSO| LHBLICH. 0] LESS FS AX} BROT Ye Use APT Boos, HOH Uh BHEA] Sa O17 OF BILICE, 122 wojolgh& READING Start9 Video games thatinvolve physical movement - are becoming more popular. Icio AQIOl / AH BUS Beles / Bat oseISID VCH Researchers conducted a study on video gaming in four cities n the Netherlands and determined that kids who had a computer, games console, or television in their own bedroom were significantly more likely to play outside than kids who didn't have private access to games or TV. ALM! A/O|(physical movement) S SHE VICLS 1240] C1718 QT! VICH= UEBRILICI. physical movement 9} BEIEI XIE UGE UICIS ABE of0|SS HOLA Al (play outside) $f 7H Ol Cl Ache AHAILICY. WIC el AHO AHI BLS BOT Qe AIO chet ESS OH BOs WEIS NOT GIVENRILICE 10 Children who ply video games easly form friendships / with one another. OSS /HICLS AS she aE PES VEC MEMS {©2IP twas concluded that video games have a beneficial effect of connecting young people with their peers and helping them to engage with the rest of society. One reason is that children easily make friends with other child gamers, both in person and online. (GB FICS AS She 0120/74 Gil AS APACHE BRILL HIC|S AVS APSat ABAMASE Spt SAS O} AIO] OFF E AS She CHE of0|2} AA 81-77H SICH ALE USO! BS 2717} BUCH, PHS YESRUCH. form fiend + make friends 11 Inan experiment, video gamers found it more difficult to solve a mental problem. ‘SHOWN /HICIS AOIO}EO| C| O}zARICE / AMIEL SAE OOH 2S Inne experiment, high school students were presented with an almost impossible mental puzzle and. ‘were assessed for their emotional stat. it was found that those who play violent video games felt less frustrated and angry while attempting to solve the puzzle than those students who didnt play such games. GED tele ADS Ste ASO! Nal Sx Otol OFeISS AECHS Ae BAPE Sct uSALICh SA Aalole! experiment2t solve a mental problem0| I SFASI=, MEANS IOS ew USO! BE Dvr SU Ch ON OIE BAS FE SOO| ANZ VS B LTCHe 2S el SME Cl W Oe AOS B+ LIBLICT LICLS BIS SH: PSO AS OA] Se ISLC! SIS I K2I Oo] We aialetD Boos Ye Now uct. 12. Most high school students "are actively encouraged / to learn how to use a computer. CEO REMES /HSIOS AYE / HAE ANSE BUS HSS EER oho] BEI BOI Cie! LIS xHROI gLOo2 BEE NOT GIVENEILE. 13 People who play video games typically achieve better scores _on memory tests. ABS / MICO ALS the / SUSE CE AHS VEC /71eke| SLAEON ‘Gamers also tend to achieve higher scores than non-gamersin tests of memory and critical thinking, GE HIS AIS OH ANB EOI 719184 GLAS W471 of ScHe UIBRILICL, 7lOfesmh MiBlel AFT EIAEOLY wc] 24 Ue Oe ABSO Cl SO NFB We Belo] SICH LiSO| Be J>H7t Sho} Bee VESALICL © typically achieve ~ tend to achieve {better scores -> higher scores Unit 9 216k 2181 of YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 123=A SE Questions 1-2 Look at the following statements (Questions 1-2) and the list of Antarctic expeditions below. Match each statement with the correct letter, A-E. Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 1-2 on your answer sheet. NB Youmay use any letter more than once. 1. A geographical landmark was named after the leader of the expedition. 2 This marked the first time that Antarctica was seen during an expedition. List of Antarctic Expeditions Scott Expedition ‘Amundsen Expedition Shackleton Expedition Ross Expedition Bellinghausen Expedition ™onw > 124 Wo}01g READING Start,718 HE & 22ho| SMO Meee! LOH che, FO‘! AAKOpY Ofo| CHOLES B7IE MEALS Sx] SARILICL & SHE SE BSS SBOE NS PET SY BwO} Bele! [AE HAS FASI0} gIBLIC, G AAEM AL FE OE, TY, NE OF, 8, WOE, le HERO SHS Te Be PELICH. & AAS YA HO/7t S WAOI7F S17, BAO} CHO] DW Yajol7] wHseoH ALLOA sri] Aton + Joos SIGE! COIS7 iS BILICY & MOP! FSA FAO7| MSO] SMB SAO Br a1 ko she OMOIME! Be Ie so = MBE ARS 2h 4 QSLICh Scanning #Sst7| FIBA FAAS 471 Sel SS Ol A= SoHo] Se avioe ajAcoyay ony yyos Se IY 417] = 212s HOW AIS Stor a ALS SILICH, ‘BE BM TE7| SHO] Mg PRO SS SHOE AOI BE SAS Sor cHRO}O| BES Deer oy Sse ws of P| MOH JAS SfA| ClO] ARF OFL Jat BH] Als HO] AHYOIS SOSH, te FB DRAPE LIE BOLE, DABAH XO paraphrasingsI7| 0124922 Scanning aI 2IAE HtAgy ‘8171 13 BolgtLICh 2AIBO| 22 2IAE HAO] ClO} SYNO} of zhet Eley 327] BE DH BAS BAlS|O Qe AAS YAo| HojSS CA SUCH 0] COES Aoi YOt AES Scanning ‘ofo} Biet Cet S1AI BAN SLICE A 2x9] Ae He 212 YO] BAL EMO SBOE O18, SA, SM SB UEME DH SAL, ME Sol, HRA B7] SS VISIO} HYOS eH gue, ‘HM O1S, Bee CHE LHS CH 2H49] Ma FLO] XIGOHA OF] CHA] E=7|(Paraphrasing)S WI HEI 2LAE MA HOLA SES ROUC Unit 10 21234 287) Matching Features 125met caI7I Understanding Our Changing Earth An early explanation of continental drift was proposed by American geologist Frank Bursley Taylor. He suggested in 1908 and published in 1910 that the continents were moved into their present positions by a process of “continental creep’: Though Taylor's theory was incorrect, | British geologist Arthur Holmes, among others, continued trying to explain the motion of the continents. In 1931, Holmes proposed that the Earth’s mantle contained convection cells that released radioactive heat and moved the Earth’s crust. His Principles of Physical Geology, ending with a chapter on continental drift, was published in 1944, Look at the following statement and the list of dates below. Match the statement with the correct date, A-D. Write the correct letter, A-D, in box Q on your answer sheet. Q Arthur Holmes published his theory. List of Dates 1908 1910 1931 1944 ono > vit 27/0 HONE OF OH AFIS 1) I2Iae IA wee) SIEIOH ee KLEIN. TE Hs mE CHRON AAT “HRO| 2 OLB” BOL fe 4S] Sle OFSSICHD T9ee\4H rH, 1910S IBGE. vis exeto] OL AYO] OHLIRAIe, eI AIST OP Be Ch 2215 SOME GRO] BNCION Hoe OEP] FN AAHA OAC). 1931, GA 12 OL AIAN ISS BAO She ANS JS Ci ES FIULa RICE AIRC. ROIS od Be BOR BU Tol “AIBA Bel AE TOMA BRISTLE 126 Wojojgl READING StartM2 CHA] SA BO] ER 214 = +440) cto} ata40} aor aie chet 387) BA 2H) a Het 12 YO} BA GEE) “yao jo} Bret chet Us cH Understanding Our Changing Earth ‘An early explanation of continental drift was proposed by American geologist Frank Bursley Taylor, He suggested in 1908 and published in 1910 that the continents were moved into their present positions by a process of ‘continental creep’. Though Taylor's theory was incorrect, British geologist Arthur Holmes, among others, continued trying to explain the motion of the continents. In 1931, Holmes proposed that the Earth’s mantle contained convection cells that released radioactive heat and moved the Earth’ crust. His Principles of Physical Geology, ending with a chapter on continental drift, was published in 1944. List of Dates 1908 1910 1931 1944 > SSS uel ae one>> Am Q Arthur Holmes published his theory. A O18 220 22 2210S Ob 827k 20} ole ZrO. nee JAE HAO] IBS AEO|DR, SHE AF OM Bx OES ACH IEE SE HOILICL HB SAO I ‘O\(His) Be] XPS 0] B'0] 1944404 BZHIACH= LHSO| LSLICH. His7t ASHE AS St SSS VS a OF BAe! 20] sieisjoz BES DALCt. British geologist Arthur Holmes, among others, continued trying to explain the motion of we Fa continents. In 1931, Holmes proposed that the Earth's mantle contained convection cells that released radioactive heat and moved the Earth’s crust. His Principles of Physical Geology, ending Arthur Holmes olB theory) with a chapter on continental drift, was publishe Unit 10 2212 17] Matching Features 127Practice Test READING PASSAGE 1 The History of the Telephone Alexander Graham Bell was a Scottish-born scientist and inventor who is most widely known for patenting the first practical telephone. Bell was an innovator throughout most of his adult life, and his main inspiration was his father, Melville Bell, who is credited with developing Visible Speech, a method used to assist deaf individuals in learning how to speak. When the younger Bell moved with the rest of his family to Boston, Massachusetts, in the 1870s, he quickly secured a position as a teacher at the Pemberton Avenue School for the Deaf. Around this time, Bell began focusing on techniques that could be used to transmit speech using wires. He was particularly interested in the telegraph invented by Samuel FB. Morse. This revolutionary device made it possible for two individuals based at locations far apart from one another to ‘communicate rapidly. The telegraph was still fairly inconvenient, however, as it necessitated that messages had to be delivered by hand between telegraph stations and the message recipients, and, only a single message could be sent at a time. Bell identified a way by which he could refine and improve the device by incorporating technological elements of the record player, allowing two people to communicate directly over significant distances. Bell enlisted Thomas A. Watson as his assistant and created a prototype of his first telephone. The device functioned by utilizing sound waves to influence the intensity and frequency of an electric current, which resulted in varying degrees of vibrations in a wire, By transferring these vibrations magnetically to another wire located at a distance from the first wire, the original sound could be heard through the receiving instrument. Bell's patent filing for his telephone in 1876 created a certain degree of controversy in the scientific ‘community, as it was filed a mere two hours before an almost identical patent was filed by Elisha Gray. Western Union Telegraph Company saw this as an opportunity to enter the communications market and recruited Gray to develop its own telephone technology. When Bell found out, he took the company to court, and a decision was passed that upheld Bells rights as the sole patent holder. ‘The Bell Company faced several similar legal issues in the ensuing years and eventually established itself as American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T), which would become one of the most important foundations of the North American telecommunications industry. 128. YJo}0le1 READING StartQuestions 1~4 Look at the following statements (Questions 1-4) and the list of people below. Match each statement with the correct person, ACE. Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 1~4 on your answer sheet. 1 He invented a system called Visible Speech to assist people who had hearing disabilities. 2 Although his invention allowed people from remote areas to correspond with each other quickly, the number of messages transmitted was limited. 3 He was hired by Western Union Telegraph Company to assist it in efforts to break into the telecommunications market. 4 He faced several lawsuits over his patent rights but won all the cases and established Am Telephone and Telegraph. List of people Alexander Graham Bell |B Melville Bell Samuel FB. Morse Thomas A. Watson Elisha Gray Unit 10 Be Bee BE] Matching Features 129READING PASSAGE 2 The History of Antarctic Exploration Approximately one year before the first human being set foot on the continent of Antarctica, the land itself was spotted by a Russian naval officer named Admiral Fabian Gottlieb von Bellinghausen. His expedition to circumnavigate the Antarctic region was undertaken in 1820, and he described the continent as nothing more than an icefield covered with small hillocks, The first actual landing on Antarctica is disputed by historians, but many leading scholars insist that an American sealer named Captain John Davis was the first to set foot on the land, during an expedition that took place in 1821. In subsequent years, numerous expeditions were launched, originating from many different countries. In 1840, a scientist and British naval officer named James Clark Ross took two vessels to the region, but his progress was halted by a massive ice barrier situated roughly 80 miles from the coast of the continent. This was subsequently named the Ross Ice Shelf, and an active voleano discovered in the vicinity was named after one of the captain’s ships, the Erebus. His voyage was also notable for the 145 new species of fish that were identified in the waters surrounding Antarctica. In 1901, the first efforts to reach the South Pole of Antarctica on foot were undertaken by Captain Robert Falcon Scott, accompanied by Ernest Shackleton and Edward Wilson. The Scott expedition encountered several difficulties and was forced to turn back after two months, having reached a point 82 degrees south, as the members of the group were suffering from snow blindness and scurvy. In 1907, Ernest Shackleton led his own expedition in search of the South Pole, His team got to a point within 97 miles of the South Pole but was unable to continue after running out of food, water, and medication, In 1911, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen led a five-man expedition that successfully reached the South Pole for the first time, Captain Robert Falcon Scott returned to Antarctica and reached the South Pole on January 17th, 1912, only to learn that Amundsen’s expedition had preceded them by five weeks, Tragically, all of the five-man team who reached the pole, including Captain Scott, perished on the return journey, only 11 miles from their supply depot. 130. YJojojai READING StartQuestions 5~9 Look at the following statements (Questions 5~9) and the list of Antarctic expeditions below. Match each statement with the correct letter, A-E, Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 5~9 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. 5 Ageographical landmark was named after the leader of the expedition, 6 This marked the first time that Antarctica was seen during an expedition. 7 The first expedition to successfully reach the South Pole on foot. 8 The expedition was abandoned due toa lack of supplies. 9 Members of the expedition group became sick and could not proceed. ——— List of Antarctic Expeditions Scott Expedition ‘Amundsen Expedition Shackleton Expedition Ross Expedition mono > Bellinghausen Expedition Unit 10 B21 ut 22] Matching Features 13118 2c Be 4A 50 6e 78 ac oA The History of the Telephone 217/21 44 Ream au) ous: Beat 4 Alexander Graham Bell was a Scottish-bomn scientist and inventor “ who is most widely known for patenting the first practical telephone. Sauce We AREAS SA Bebnfolst WTC / Tee wel Bet ge / ak AS Heel Sole we noe Bell was an innovator throughout most of his adult life, “and his main inspiration was his father, ' Melville Bell, who is credited with developing Visible Speech, a mett ist deaf individuals learning how to speak. WE SADIRICH S71 Ol CHRON & / T2LT FH! BS Olwin| Be Woiskct / Bole Bel Visible Speech 82 HORLISS 7] FIO ANSI wh SOLS ahs we ZI Che When the younger Bell moved _ with the rest of his family / to Boston, Massachusetts, /in the 1870s, “he Quickly secured a position asa teacher / atthe Pemberton Avenue School for the Deaf. HE Wl OMAN SHS cH LIOHK| JADE / OW EME ABOR / 1870 CHON / Se APIS ANE] ISIC / BALA © of lsy S24BI0H SHON Around this time, Bell began focusing on techniques that / could be used / to transmit speech using wires. 0} A710) BE 71 EH ALAHCH “ABEL 4 Se SO / BB OLBSIO| He was particularly interested /2the telegraph invented _by Samuel EB. Morse, This revolutionary device made itpossible fortwo individuals / based at locations farapart from one another to communicate rapidly SE Sd] ~Of THYO| QIACH PVE! AAAlO|) AH PSH OIE B] DAY Ojo O] BAI BAIS PHsoyll OHERICE / FAP BO] / Bel BOLE! PAI NE ME / USS OMASSHE AS ‘The telegraph was still fairy inconvenient, however, “asit necessitated / that messages had to be delivered by hand between telegraph stations and the message recipients, 2and only a single message could be sent atatime, 24Lt RAIS OFRIO] ONS BEGCH / MOE YT] CALOH /O|AIAIi= OE ABSIOIOF NICE / AAT LALA] AIRE ALO| Of} / 217 OHL491 OHALAION SLI + SISACF / Bho Bellidentified a way ” by which he could refine and improve the device / by incorporating technological ‘elements of the record player,” allowing two people to communicate directly / over significant distances. 1S 1 7EA| IS HOLE] I GALS AAMOT CIES 4 Rte TSI ISN OAS BOLAPIE 2S BAH FARO! AY OMABS B+ UES Sie Lett zo Bellenlisted / Thomas A.Watson as hs assistant and created _a prototype of his first telephone. WE SURE} 9] Ree OHA oo] AS / eID PHSRCH / 9 A Ying B7I2] BAS 132. ojolet READING StartThe device functioned / by utilizing sound waves /to influence the intensity and frequency of an electric ‘current, ‘which resulted in / varying degrees of vibrations “ina wire. 1 BAe ABC / SHB OBO / AO] YS} ATO] SIS He (I AT -0] WAC /ciere Feel zg] Bt MONA By transferring these vibrations magnetically to another wire “located at a distance from the first wire, the original sound could be heard / through the receiving instrument. O21 USS XIOS OEAVI CHE MMOS (3 bint MOI Be] Wojz! Rol SIaleh / aH ARK Beal + at SC / HALE SoH Bells patent filing /for his telephone in 1876 created a certain degree of controversy /in the scientific community, “asit was filed /a mere two hours / before an almost identical patent was filed by 2Elisha Gray. Ho] Soi ASS / 9] Me}7I0H Chet / 1876OH / OL BE eS BAC / TAO /HLFOHR 2S (SOIR MBSISI7 BOC / C15] | ARE / 719] BaPt Soleo] Belay AHojo4 SfeH x17] oH 2 Western Union Telegraph Company saw this as an opportunity to enter the communications market and recruited Gray / to develop its own telephone technology. UAE LION TL SIAN: ISITE / 0/28 71S / BA! ARSON IGNR! + Slee / TAH HOHE ARSE / AIA! A 3b 7188 HESHI FIeh \When Bell found out he took the company to cour, and a decision was passed / that upheld Bells rights 2s the sole patent holder. M0] OS SS uy / TE 7 SAIS AGE WA ASS GT / HO] SmSIeICH / wo] Bele ClyoHE / EES BOI AS ane id become one of the most important “The Bell ss en al Z / which woul foundations /of the North American telecommunications industry. ‘WSIS SIORCH 9 7171 GARE LE MO / FOS BY Sor / TAIT BR MBC} / OFB A! Map MAH ATT 0 SiS 7 SAB 71S SAIL SIRI / BO] SA! A1eIO] Questions 1-4 Look at the following statements (Questions 1-4) and the list of people below. Che Zig (EM 1-4¥)zr OfHo) 21 SRS BoIAID, Match each statement with the correct person, AE. 2 HAO A-E BQBS AS SaAHLD, Write the correct letter, A, in boxes 1-40n your answer sheet. A-E B UWE N71 7185 BA] 1-444 Zo} OAS. List of people ‘A Alexander Graham Bell B MeWilleBell C Samuel8.Morse D Thomas A.Wiatson E Elisha Gray syste 2a) wa seg Hos EDA fost eta Unit 10 ze 2127] Matching Features 13311 Heinvented a system called Visible Speech to assist people who had hearing disabilities Ais AAS POC} MOI Se (Visible Speech)ol@D Bee AIIES S71 Hah 2 OHS AT Be Melville Bel, who is credited with developing Visible Speech, a method used to assist deaf individuals in learning how to speak. K= 8-4 (Visible Speech)2H= AAS WEIS APES SIO}OF AILICY. CHEREE El VERAt Visible Speech7t 7+ B SOQH BAO} UCL 0] LAME eB AO OWE ABZ Melle BelOl2= HBO! SE 277k Slot Bee BUUICt invented -» developing @ people who had hearing disabilities > deaf individuals 2 Although his invention allowed ” people from remote areas to correspond with “each other quickly, the number of messages transmitted was limited. UI Ao] VeRO] HLTH / 2] WOH ROH Ie AITO MAG + USS ME MEA VES OA] SE esorgtct the telegraph invented by Samuel FB. Morse. Tis revolutionary device made it possible fortwo individuals based at locations far apart from one another to communicate rapidly. ~ and only a single message could be sentata time. EER Be] Worz! (remote areas) AtHO| VE + oli FES Weer ABB oloy SILICL, Bel Bore! Hx1O4A4 SA ABS 759 SERCH BAT CHIE TIE UNO] AIM BEF 77H RILICL, 01 Ale Bt wl SHLto| ALE 12 4 CHE CHS BVO USO] Sela EF BAA7F SILICE, BRE LESOIAL O| Zale Samuel FB. Morse7t Wt so telegraphtis @ St WSO] MIME EE 2717 SLICE Cat BBE CRLICL 1) remote areas — at locations far apart @ correspond > communicate 2 limited — only a single transmitted -> sent Quickly — rapidly 3 Hewashired by Western Union Telegraph Company to assistit in efforts to breakinto the telecommunications market. As DESC AAS BLIel AY Sto] SANS G71 SoH Ue} Sel Algol zie Lael gietoe Western Union Telegraph Company saw this as an opportunity to enter the communications market and recruited Gray to develop its own telephone technology. (EEE B} SH! A204 ZH] PH SIAC! BLIR! BA! BUAH Western Union Telegraph Company)7t RSME! AES OHO} EILICH, SIAT O}BO| 7H BASH AYOW7! SILC. O| SAVE BA! Alzol RSH] Hb Gray ARBRICHE XI © 480] SE 2771 SIUC. Gayo) Je ve e LO isha Grayeta SEs BEE ELC (EEN 0 was hired recruited @ breakinto > enter @ telecommunications market > communications market 4 He faced several lawsuits overhis patentrights but won all the cases and established American ‘Telephone and Telegraph. AE YIP] ASO ABRCH IO] SHAS SD SHI SS Aa FASC / Tela OF BAI ABH SAH ATATIS ABE ‘The Bell Company faced several similar legal issues in the ensuing years and eventually established itself ‘as American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T), EB fe} S8iet 280) 19k AS ATATSUIS He Ales MOHOH RIUICE, 127A] AGO] VOLT BR ATRTSANE A 2 2O| The Bell Companyatz OH AE LHBO] AEE 277} EILICH, Te|a2 Alexander Graham Bello| A A of SHISI 7 OLSEFEHte 0] ANRIS Bell2P! OLBUED QISLICE WAY BEE ARILICL lawsuits + legal issues 134 Wlojoigl READING StartThe History of Antarctic Exploration <9 #2] 141 sme au: ayo oe aan Approximately one year before the first human being set foot on the continent of Antarctica, the land itself was spotted by a Russian naval officer “named Admiral Fabian Gottlieb von Bellinghausen, His expedition _ to circumnavigate the Antarctic region . was undertaken in 1820, “and he described the continent as nothing more than an icefield covered with small hillocks, ALA CLE WS BO B71 OR Qe Hol IS CHROL 2 TS BSTIRICY / eAlO} oe MOH Oley /-MHUlE? DE EB MUACPM AROS / TO] SIS BAIS VRS Set / 180A} AHSSIeIct/ Tela IE RS AMC (EI GS WehOd TILA Woe Ig gIISe gol The frst actual landing on Antarctica is disputed by historians, but many leading scholars insist that / an ‘American sealer named Captain John Davis / was the fist to set foot on the land, / during an expedition that took place in 1821. 3 ROBO) 4/50] Ax] AS HA HSOM OH SeAIEIO4 BICH / TAIL} BE Fe eHHBS Sach / Olatel WIC Hel Ate! S GIOIBIA CHO] (I CHROH BIS lel A Yiu AFEFO|a}T / 1821 M04 gISKE! ets Bot In subsequent years, - numerous expeditions were launched, “originating from many different countries FE 8 2h FE EMO] ALSSIRICE / Re Chest Llefolad giOHLt Sin 1840, a scientist and British naval officernamed James Clark Ross took two vessels tothe region, buthis progress was halted _ by amassive ice barrier. situated roughly 80 miles from the coast of the continent. This was subsequently named _ the Ross Ice Shelf, _ and an active volcano discovered in the vicinity _ was named _ after one of the captain's ships, the Erebus. 1840.01 /DAEIOIK} IH AH Bae! MA Bey BATE / Ao] He 7p} /— xIOIOR / apse 0) RISE BY AAC AACHEE Ses SH UHZOH| CHEF BODES) BOAR! Loy HAGE CHR OHNOS Me / 0124S LtSoH O10] Zo} ACh SA QOD el QOH SAE! BSS Ol BOC HH HI BI S OHO! jets] 1S my His voyage was also notable / for the 145 new species offish that were identified inthe waters surrounding Antarctica Ett 29] OS RIOHRECE “145719 HBS OOS FS RA wich goa WIE! In 1901, the first efforts to reach the South Pole of Antarctica on foot / were undertaken . by Captain Robert Falcon Scott, accompanied by Ernest Shackleton and Edward Wilson, 1901HO / ZO SI CHS! SION SWNT She AAO] ALTE /O|ROIRCH / HIE BE AR cago} ole / of UAE MBER OEAIS B20] Bete! The Scott expedition encountered several difficulties.” and was forced to turn back after two months, hhaving reached a point 82 degrees south, ”as the members of the group _ were suffering from snow blindness and scurvy. AR SHOE 71] IROL ASIRCH /TelD SISO} S + Hol RICH FH LS ADE TINO CICS / Ere So] / akay Duo 287] HOH Unit 10 213 227] Matching Features 135+ in 1907,._Emest Shackleton led his own expedition in search of the South Pole. ” His team got to a point in. 97 miles ofthe South Pole, but was unable fe after runni water, and medication. 190704 CILIA ABEO| 9] BACHE OBST “TAS VOM / “lel gle SwaCH “AES! 97OH OMA ‘SIRE ASE + SIRE AeITE SB Im ole}O] wojz! Foy 7In 1911,__ Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen led a five-man expedition . that successfully reached the South Pole for the first time. 191180} 20) EIB7t SEF OFBMO| OLBRICH CH OR TSI IME / HSCS IO Set (AS Captain Robert Falcon Scott returned to Antarctica and reached the South Pole ‘on January 17th, 1912, only tolearn that Amundsen'’s expedition had preceded them by five weeks. BYE BEAE GES YS ROS SISOP) SOL EACH 19124 1B 17 MoH / EEX ~S BH Sigs OIC OBA CIE ISS ICS AS (SF AOL ‘Tragically, all ofthe five-man team / who reached the pole, including Captain Scott, perished on the return journey, only 11 miles from their supply depot, HISIOS ICH ho] AIG NS / SIO SAI AR CHES BO! Het JOM eats welstct “IBS! BBE MEASSE Ae 1101S Wola! BOM, Questions 5-9 Look at the following statements (Questions 5-9) and the lst of Antarctic expeditions below. Che ZS(SM) 5-9)21 O}@4o) REI BRS ATIAIO. Match each statement with the correct letter, AE 2} 2B0l Be ISH ASHE. Write the correct letter, AE, in boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet. AE % BYE W7| 71S GA] 5-94 Zod HOU. NB Youmayuse anyletter more than once. Of! 1) piel OW AtwRt + Sl | List of Antarctic Expeditions ] [Ascott Expedition B Amundsen Expeition C Shackleton Expedition D RossExesition E Belinghausen Expedition | aseea oes gat BE se Bagtial season ea 5 Ageographical landmark was named after the leader of the expedition, SERB QA /O1G HIOIRICH / Shes CHOI Ol CREEL In 1840, a scientist and British naval officer named James Clark Ross took two vessels tothe region, but his progress was halted by a massive ice barrier situated roughly 80 miles from the coast ofthe continent. This was subsequently named the Ross Ice Shelf, and an active voleano discovered in the vicinity was named after one of the captain's ships, the Erebus. EEE Get KHOI O10] Sojzt IAS storoy ILI. +S EPBOl APISIELD James Clark Ross7b OTE 7t CH ‘f elefol fe} Lo] STISIT Wo) O1FS Ross Ice Shelfett *O/RCHe TI USO BL 27k SLICE eh WS IBS! IBOUD Rosse WialcaptainjOIICh= WS VHS) OBB VASE USO BF loos SE 2 Dqueh. leader» captain 136 Woloigh& READING Start6 Thismarked the first time that Antarctica was seen during an expedition OFEG AAS 7IBSIRICt / BUS dhe Se Is RO] awe! Oe ‘Approximately one year before the first human being set foot on the continent of Antarctica, the land Itself was spotted by a Russian naval officer named Admiral Fabian Gottlieb von Bellinghausen. His expedition to citcumnavigate the Antarctic region was undertaken in 1820, 83 CHR Antarctica) S12 (the frst) WA GI SICHE StO}OF BILICE Sx} BEI the fistel Sa x} Ofgel Antarctica?} 78 B28! AAO SLC, CHF ARS SS CHRON YS Sop Lol 2 gHRS CI AIS UROL BE 2717t BLICL, Fabian Gottlieb von Belinghauseno| 2 CHS $71 “10] SICH} 7 CRB QL AICHE UH gle BES EeUCh (EEE Antarctica was seen ~ the land itself was spotted. 7 The first expedition to successfully reach the South Pole on foot. AAO SY / ASAE SHO / BAH / Bola} [2A 11911, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen led a five-man expedition that successfully reached the South Pole forthe first time. ‘SAAithe South Pole}ol S12 SAG SLICK SO}OF RILICH. G2 X1240l the South Pole successfully reached7} 7H B28! SOIQILICE eM SEO frst effort to reach the South Poles A}=SI22 0] 2EI0} 4B 27S Molwlor BLICL of@] ALE7 CHO] SIAIet =A] Bet Roald Amundseno| ABajow eID ARE EAGCHE TIE USO! BE 2771 SIUC CEM BBS Bec reached a point 82 degree south OS 82 Sls XIkIo| SAHYCH Slo|gILICh. reachedet southet 8s DAS BUOR DEA YER FOPIIC, ATS south SAM YROISE ASTI HOHRILICh. got to a point within 97 miles of the South Pole ORMHI= B3B01 Ort! YMORHE 7042 XaIol SACK SlaIOo. 2 CE BeOS 4 ALICE. 8 Theexpedition was abandoned due toa lack of supplies. Tage susie ‘Ba FROS (IP In 1907, Emest Shackleton led his own expedition in search of the South Pole, His team got toa point within 97 miles of the South Pole but was unable to continue after running out of food, water, and medication. [BEB LAE F(a lack of supplies)Oz ee EE] SEHlabandoned)s ALE CHS OHO eILICh. AB + Che 42 SIS TPKE HOT B 4 SIGLICE Emest Shackletond| OME EYEE PAROS] Els Salm 1B HO] Ol Aaa + Bete AE Ugo BE 277} SILC We} BES CeILIC. © was abandoned -* was unable to continue @ alack of > running out of ©) supplies —- food, water and medication 9. Members of the expedition group / became sick “and could not proceed. SO CHUSS “OCH / aH ASS! > get [NP The Scott expedition encountered several difficulties and was forced to turn back after two months, having reached a point 82 degrees south, as the members ofthe group were suffering from snow blindness and scurvy. GEE CHR1SO| OHA sick) BA BES AM SICH SMOIOF ILICE. OFRCHE O1R7F 7H SOS! AOL! By O10] UG SHO] Et 27171 SILICh. CHEISO| Seay TieKAlOl BeLA| As Sojsloy gICH= Ae Ugo] ey 2H7t LY Cf. 0] 82] £0)7} The Scott expedition|az FFS ALCL ® became sick > were suffering could not proceed > was forced to turn back Unit 10 22 3 82] Matching Features 1372A SEH | auestons 1-4 Reading Passage 1 has four paragraphs, AD. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number i-vi, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet. List of Headings i. Selecting the best location for a building i How to keep a room free from clutter ‘The relationship between color and mood iv Design features that help to boost productivity v__Theinfluence of Eastern philosophies and concepts vi Choosing the right furniture for a space US 7108 OS ZOSTE B7IOHt 2} QoIRO) HSE BOER ii, iv) B7/SIO] SS 71 MOS ofehulok ARE ABO] BT FOHR SOT ES 71610 BEANIE ELE. Ag wie BOs BH ABSIT BECt ete Mol He CHA] Mola] 237] MHZOL ASE! NI AIATOL M|oretA SHS AE 201 SSLICL. oH AeHBt 7] BNIB Sx] YOO! O10] Mee! 71S & gH Slo} Bekele AAS IHEP BFE VALICL, @ B1a! it S7I7F Ate EID] AROS HEHEIIOR, Tis SKOLM AtERILICt. List of Headings i. TheIndustrial Revolution in Germany ji Thedevelopment of cities in Australia ili--Changesin working hoursin Canada iv Comparisons with Austral V__Theimpact ofthe current recession in Britain Vi_ Conditions required for industralsation 138 Wololss& READING Start7S He & 4 Beto] Ate Ig (heading)S FOV! 2] (List of Headings) D2= SH] SHEILICH, & T/F/NG2} 4 IELTS Readingol| CHES! Bx] SWOS, HOLES ee wo spEHSHLICH & oP Ice] SHS Passage 1,230 BDF HASID oo, HUY Salo|) So BS Fe Section 30} Af BAIS|Z SUCH, & HS AASE AIBMCH OA MAIBILICH. Ot FO{s! RISO] HAT} SEE HAM ZB HS OITIeH C| BHO] AIA] SPIE gLIch. EM|Z0| Het (BEA F012! HS AjA= 27] WYO] SALE SOT! MRSS HOY SLICH. ABSIch taf MIAISIO/ 2 ct. AS 2IAES 4 Se 210] BB Ai & By goo) Aye 227) JIE PAE AD SHY ASS eelol DEE 20] OI, Sct tele SAS BOlOr ICH. ot Sets ei mS 8 DED, AGS Sle Pot NOS SUC} Ot CHS tS MES BAI LSS Skimmingslol FSS T BT Pool $2 WY US (gist) FASS SUC, fy " BA Stel Hy US (gist)S AS AAS wl Ys BHO] Ay Sz e|AES| HSS Wale Oh= IHS F¥d}0| ASS DEr| HS FlOHOk SIC}. $B] 2S Bh MSS HOMO SVS HOt SHUTS O2 SI 12 2 AC IS DEr| YSS ops Ao| SOS] Ct. OfOIGAS| Sxl ASO Het 2717+ SoH l0l S712 FBS SS Tey oes TS seo] Sse ich, Bey eto 2 HSS 37] Sot BEAMS Skimmingk @ A Bat OT BAS F AlojR VLUICh. YA! $2 Sell AME (Topic Sentence)e! 297t 831 oFs/0t BS 2eH(SummaryrE2! BO7t BSH] MHBAALICL. For exampleLt in addition O& APIoH= O14] BROW Ho SIS Sey USA Ths 401 St ‘MEHO1F2! Howevertt But SOe Alat ‘She UE RRS MES OCHS MIAle}o XIE Talo} 2H} BBLICH. Wle}A| SkimmingR! tH ze Ba OI) Ble 2 dHojor Lc, Res ae 1A B8(For example): FZ! Fs WB #9 28In adaition, Moreover): Be wero] Baa et aes Bt BA (However, But): MES of0|Clo} x14) SMO A171 BziO8 MASI] eretinr| efored 2h obra at 22 Unit 11 Set 227] Matching Headings 139wee CHAI Choose the correct heading for the paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, Fi, in box on your answer sheet. List of Headings Housing and sanitation ii Rapid growth of cities iii Poor living conditions in the cities iv. Importance of public health facilities ‘The rapid population growth in the 19th century in UK industrial cities negatively affected public health. People moved in so quickly that adequate housing could not be built for everyone. Consequently, low-income newcomers squeezed into increasingly overcrowded slums. Clean mortality and tuberculosis among young adults rose dramatically. Cholera from polluted water water, sanitation, and public health facilities were inadequate, and the death rate was high. Infant | and typhoid were endemic. | 19447] IRAl Le} SAO) Jka O17 AVE BS SAO VAN! SHS OIA. ARIEOI BAER O1FSIO| Srl BOR. BPIOR AH S YAKS OPIS el Cf WSSHA) UE! SePIOL RAIL. MEALS, sel Ald eID SS Se ANAT ‘paRbio} AES) aICh. AIBN SIA UES| BO] PIO] TAO! SAC, Sete! BONA) WME! Seleloh ERAT BO! Sah 140. sojolal2 READING StartHEF CH|7] BH] BO] BIG F(t! Ig 2145 917] BE ¢ 2th} gon axe n=7| BD ecto oy Ua (Gist)S ais e| ASO} wlan OH © The rapid population growth in the 19th century in UK industrial cities negatively affected Public health. @ People moved in so quickly that adequate housing could not be built for everyone. ® Consequently, low-income newcomers squeezed into increasingly overcrowded slums. ® Clean water, sanitation, and public health facilities were inadequate, and the death rate was high. © Infant mortality and tuberculosis among young adults rose dramatically. @ Cholera from polluted water and typhoid were endemic. Housing and sanitation #4 2! 2/3} ii Rapid growth of cities =o) Bet ns in the cities ||2| Borst Ash gay ies BS WU ASO iii Poor living con iv Importance of public health fa Ala BE Of CHS] BY LIB(gistle= Qt SSE lel sf LO] HAHALD MRS Sat ey AMO] PRHS SO] Hy 742i Bay} Ov ISIACHE ZRILICL, A RA ARS Bi HY AMO] PAGE BS Borst Wer BIO! yet}, olga ¢ Wome Bete ilgILIch. health facility2] S204 CHst FAAG! CIO] BI EA] Bt SYOWY CAE! WA MOINS ive Kets ofS FUEMSORE MHS BSUch, > The rapid population growth in the 19th century in UK industrial cities negatively affected public health. HS UO OAH OIF BBS AO! BF ® People moved in so quickly that adequate housing could not be built for everyone. 3 Consequently, low-income newcomers squeezed into increasingly overcrowded slums. a oF BBO HALL Sat 1: ASSO} wet ze} _-> oor living condition ® Clean water, sanitation, and public health facilities were inadequate, and the death rate was high. 217 BSI Hwel aa 2: REE a NALA © Infant mortality and tuberculosis among young adults rose dramatically. © Cholera from polluted water and typhoid were endemic. 27 BBO FO! Bat 20] OH AB: ANT aI IS Unit 11° Et A 127] Matching Headings 141Practice Test READING PASSAGE 1 Questions 1~4 Reading Passage 1 has four paragraphs, A-D. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-vi, in boxes 1~4 on your answer sheet. List of Headings i Selecting the best location for a building How to keep a room free from clutter nship between color and mood iv. Design features that help to boost productivity The rel v__ The influence of Eastern philosophies and concepts vi Choosing the right furniture for a space 1 Paragraph A 2 Paragraph B 3 Paragraph 4 Paragraph D 142 wololgta READING StarThe Psychology of Interior Design A The connection between interior design and human pyychology has gained much attention in Europe and North America in recent years, but the concepts involved have actually existed for thousands of years in other countries, Our understanding of such ideas has been influenced by the Indian Vastu Shastra, a Hindu system of architecture, and the Chinese Feng Shui, a philosophical system that promotes harmony between individuals and their environments. Western scientists have conducted much research on these systems, and many of the core concepts are now utilised in contemporary interior design, B Many aesthetic elements of interior design can have a significant impact on one’s mood. When decorating a room, choosing shades like light green, yellow, or orange will help to encourage communication and social interaction, while dark hues such as deep blue or purple can have the opposite effect. However, certain colors can have differing effects depending on how and where they are used, For instance, red should be used sparingly when decorating a room. While a small amount of red can help to raise energy, environments that are predominantly red may seem hostile and © The texture | shapes of the chairs, tables, and decorative features in a room can also elicit specific emotional responses. For example, the rich texture of a plush couch will create a feeling of happiness and comfort that is suitable for a home or a communal space such as a hospital waiting room. On the other hand, simple leather chairs will promote strength and independence and are well-suited to corporate environments, Additionally, itis recommended that the objects in a room be arranged in a way that does not create “dead space”, since this gives rise to negative energy. lar D_ Some aspects of interior design are of particular interest to employers. Plentiful daylight has be« pes ign P ploy’ ayligh shown to boost one’s happiness, while dimly lit rooms can increase sadness, so a large number of large windows is almost always preferable in a workplace. Studies have concluded that salespersons working in environments that receive an abundance of daylight achieve more sales than those working in windowless rooms, supporting the idea that natural light improves human performance, Other studies have demonstrated that people are more creative and focused in rooms with higher ceilings and that the presence of plants can improve concentration and reduce stress. Unit 11, 21718 22] Matching Headings 143READING PASSAGE 2 Questions 5~9 Reading Passage 2 has five paragraphs, A-E. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-vili, in boxes 5~9 on your answer sheet. List of Headings Popular culinary uses of oysters ii Protecting coastal species from environmental risks iii Harvesting of low-sodium oysters iv Eating oysters to boost the immune system v Endangered species of oysters vi Improving the marine habitat ii The nutritional components of oysters The effect of oysters on weight loss 5. Paragraph A 6 Paragraph B 7 Paragraph 8 Paragraph D 9 Paragraph E 1b jorge READING StartThe Secret Benefits of Oysters A Itmay surprise many people that oysters have several remarkable qualities in addition to their pleasing taste. For instance, the significantly high levels of minerals, vitamins, and organic compounds they contain make them a premiere food item in terms of nutritional supplementation, They are particularly noted for their high zine content, and they also contain very high levels of protein, vitamin D, vitamin Biz, iron, potassium, and sodium. Furthermore, they are a natural source of beneficial cholesterol, antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and water, all of which can improve an individual's health and overall body function, B To be more specific, one health benefit of eating oysters is the impact they have on our immune systems. Many of the vitamins and minerals they contain have antioxidant and anti {inflammatory properties, which means they ean defend the body against free radicals that damage healthy cells and transform them into cancerous cells. Free radicals can be extremely dangerous and result in heart diseases and other physiological problems if allowed to build up in body tissue. Antioxidants from oysters can remove these free radicals from the tissue and bloodstream, thereby improving one’s immunity to diseases. € Also, oysters are one of the foods with the lowest calories per typical serving size. This means that oysters are an excellent choice for anyone who desires to lose weight without sacrificing reeommended amounts of vitamins and minerals. In a typical serving, oysters have nearly half the calories of chicken breasts, and are perfectly suited to be used in low-calorie, protein-rich meals. However, it should be noted that they do contain high levels of sodium, so those who prefer a low-sodium diet may wish to avoid them, D_ The most startling benefits of oysters are not those that come from their nutritional value, but those that come from their impact on the natural environment, Oysters are able to improve water clarity by ‘drawing in particles and sediment from the water and depositing them on the seafloor. A single oyster {s capable of filtering more than 50 litres of water ina single day. A reef can contain millions of oysters, so they serve as a significantly powerful natural filtration system. At the same time, oysters scatter their ‘own waste products across the seafloor, and this nutrient-rich layer encourages seagrass to grow and flourish, thereby providing sustenance for other sea creatures and supporting the entire underwater food chain. E Oysters not only help underwater species but those that live on the coast, too, such as snails and crabs. ‘These animals must endure harsh weather during low tide and are easy prey for marine predators uring high tide. The shells of oysters provide shelter for small invertebrates, protecting them from Predators and potentially harmful temperature fluctuations. This buffers the extremities of climate that animals may experience, providing intertidal species with more time to adapt to changes: Unit 11-261 mI8 22>] Matching Headings 145ty 2H 3M an 5 vi 6w 7 vil ay 94 The Psychology of Interior Design ui cite! delet ee ee ie [A The connection between interior design and human psychology _has gained much attention in Europe and North America in recent years,. but the concepts involved . have actually existed - for thousands of years. in other countries. Se SOO / He / We SRE IEE Ourunderstanding of ! such ideas “has been influenced _ by the Indian Vastu Shastra, a Hindu system. of architecture, and the Chinese Feng Shui, a philosophical system , that promotes harmony between individuals and their environments. ei HATO} HE S210] OfSHE / IS woretct ws US ale! eISA| HAS ALAEAIOH lth ALAeHo! BHSl BOM lah /Mhelat es Ziel eI 2 | Western scientists.” have conducted much research on these systems, / and many of the core concepts _ are now utilised _ in contemporary interior design. TAISE Ye ePS AlsMeHRICh / let AARON Cet / eID shal ms S BE EOI / AHANSsIA act ech LH CHARI B 2 Manyaesthetic elements of interior design _can have a significant impacton one’s mood. uy ci}olol Be oats a2 He MI + UC / Are When decorating a room, / choosing shades lke light green, yellow, or orange / will help to encourage ‘communication and social interaction, ” while dark hues such as deep blue or purple “can have the opposite effect. we Sue Ml ve SH Se Se Fe Ue S| SNS / vigio| WE mOIL! wet VS ZRCEN SRS G+ Ut OMAR A AL wages ect 2 However, certain colors can have differing effects _ depending on how and where they are used. Sigh SS WS CHE SEES B+ CI / OFBA 21 o(cfola4 ABO] ABI L4OH et Forinstance, / red should be used sparingly _ when decorating a room. O15 So} HHS Za APBsIowor ac} ws AE While a small amount of red can help to raise energy, environments that are predominantly red / may seem hostile and increase anxiety 2330] ZN GO| S| > HE UIOY | OINIS ASAIN WMO! HPLC! Be 20} / BoE STAI + SIC HEIOR BO SL 146 Hlo}o|g1% READING StartC *Thetexturesand shapes.” of the chairs, tables, and decorative features in a room. can also elicit. specific emotional responses. AOL} SIS eS] OM, es} aD BAwso| Hol FS ech SIH IIA Ss 2 For example, ” the rich texture of a plush couch _ will create a feeling of happiness and comfort thatis. suitable for a home or a communal space _ such as.a hospital waiting room. OFS Se! Beta] Aulo| Bor eteS / MT} Bors eISOl Wf NOMCt /7kY VOL! SS Sz Awe sal ol cyto ee 20n the other hand, simple leather chairs _ will promote strength and independence . andl are well: sulted to corporate environments. viOlol CHES 7 AMPS Ea} SRINS Be 2loLe 71g Sol B obweICt ® Additionally, itis recommended / that the objects in a room be arranged . ina way that does not create “dead space’, since this gives rise to negative energy. Spt AMSEC CLIO BO SIE “RS SNS CSA Ge VAR Oj Fo}e O10] HAA OLA] OP IA7171 EOI D “Some aspects of interior design are of particular interest , to employers. 2 / Suet OIC / FEO OM 4 Plentiful daylight has been shown to boost one's happiness, while dimly lt rooms car ‘sadness, soa large numberof large windows . is almost always preferable ina workplace BHo ABS BOC BAUS GIABCHT / vlolall WAS BOl AB! YS SSS STAB + ACh / TeHAL BBO] BO] VE 201 / 71] SA ABSIOISICY /ZIRONAL rease 4 Studies have concluded that . salespersons working in environments , that receive an abundance of, daylight “achieve more sales _ than those working in windowless rooms, - supporting the idea _ that, natural light improves human performance. APES BES UT ACH VOM US Oe AMIS BYES wee Ce mS Sect / EO Bt EMO QOH AMISH /olz1e AInistO} / KIS Afeto) AA1SS SAIC “Other studies have demonstrated that / people are more creative and focused / in rooms with higher «ceilings, and thatthe presence of plants / can improve concentration _ and reduce stress. CHB CABS MBM / RISO! CH OIIOLD-YBeIO| CHD / BIO] we wt ol / elm Awol SME / BS 4g GAY + OT / AEALAB Bel + 2ICtD Questions 1-4 Reading Passage 1 has four paragraphs, A-D. Reading SE! 10j= A-D7%| 47421 S40] SIC. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from thelist of headings below. obs MS 2|AGOIM age AES DEAS. ‘Write the correct number, -v, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet, GON 1-44 Zl i-vi F ere Sats Hone. Unit 11, BHF 22] Matching Headings 147List of Headings | Selecting the best location fora building 20H 7 rer 8 18 | How to keep a room free from clutter | Bs cisuert an ezce ee |The relationship between color and mood | ANTES 1S] et BL iv. Design features that help to boost productivity. 28a BOL [B01 le Cixtolo| Sas V__ The influence of Eastern philosophies and concepts Be Bea eel Se Wi Choosing the right furniture fora space Bzi0H Be 71 1. Paragraph A EAD FH) a chxte1aF Aetet 29] elere O10] CHE LYejoN HHH + UE US BAP Olso] MASEL, Hom szo| RS AOE ae AAO SRO] Be + O81 SEO] MIO] AL CnHSIOl NBSP te 7 ECLA Sal I: MEPL QFaI OIEOF BRO UH CIRIO! A ED cls} SHE SH Eastern) AOA, AH CIAL YAIIS HLA! O1BS| HAM WIBOL ABP AI CIzIeION AGHIN Ue AE SYO| Sola Mel Sea} PAs|oe Yee velLich. 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MIROR vir} *EHBILICt (EEEEIEITE © fumiture — the chairs, tables, and decorative features, plush couch, eather chairs, objects in a room © space > home, waiting room, corporate environments, 148 “Jo}0/28% READING Start