4

Bituminous Courses
4 -1 PREPARATION OF BASE FOR BITUMINOUS COURSES

4-1.1 Description

Preparation of base for bituminous courses shall include the preparation of existing water
bound macadam (WBM) or black-topped surface to specified lines, grades and cross-sections
in advance of laying a bituminous course. The work shall be performed on such widths and
lengths as may be directed by the Engineer. Such work may consist of scarifying and
relaying the water bound macadam course, filling of pot-holes and/or application of a
levelling course as necessary.

4-1.2 Materials

4-1.2.1 For Scarifying and Relaying the Water Bound Macadam Base Course

The materials used shall be coarse aggregates which are salvaged from scarification of the
existing base course to be renewed and be supplemented by fresh aggregates and screenings
corresponding to clause 3 -2.

4-1.2.2 For Patching Pot-holes

The materials used for patching pot-holes shall be coarse aggregates, screenings, stone chips,
bitumen or combination thereof as specified, conforming to the quality requirements of these
materials given elsewhere in these Specifications.

4-1.2.3 For Levelling Course

The levelling course shall consist of pre-mixed bituminous material which conforms to clause
4 -3 except binder content which in this case shall be 2.5% by weight of the total mix. The
aggregates may conform to either Grading I or II given in Table 4 -3(b).

If the average thickness of surface irregularity is less than 30 mm, no such levelling course
shall be required.

4-1.3 Construction Operations

4-1.3.1 Scarifying and Renewing Base Course

The surface shall be scarified by means of pick-axes or other means approved by the
Engineer. The aggregate base shall be loosened to a depth of 50-75 mm after removing any
existing black-topped surface. The resulting materials shall be removed from the road bed
and screened for use in the renewal course. High spots on the exposed surface shall be
corrected so that the surface broadly conforms to the specified grade and camber. The
salvaged coarse aggregates mixed with requisite quantities of fresh aggregates shall be spread
on the prepared bed and compacted as water bound macadam to a thickness of 75 mm or
more as directed, in accordance with clause 3 -2.

4-1.3.2 Patching of Pot-holes

Pot-holes shall be cut to a regular shape with vertical sides after removing the water, if any.
All loose and fragmented materials shall be removed from the prepared bed.
 The pot-holes shall then be filled with coarse aggregates and screenings which conform to
clause 3 -2. After filling, the layer shall be compacted with heavy hand rammers or
approved mechanical tampers.

4-1.3.3 Laying of Levelling Course

After filling the pot-holes as per clause 4-1.3.2, the base on which the levelling course is to
be laid shall be thoroughly swept and brushed to remove the dust and extraneous material.
After the application of tack coat as per clause 4 -2, the levelling course shall then be laid and
compacted to the desired levels, grade and camber given in the drawings and as per the
requirements of the respective Specifications. The top levels of the course shall be
determined from the final road level after accounting for the thickness of the bituminous
wearing course which will be laid over it subsequently.

4-1.4 Arrangement for Traffic

During the above operations, flow of traffic shall be maintained as per clause G -12.

4-1.5 Measurements for Payment

4-1.5.1 Filling of Pot-holes

The work of filling pot-holes shall be considered incidental to the construction of bituminous
courses for which the base is prepared.

4-1.5.2 Scarifying and Relaying

Scarifying and relaying the aggregate base course shall be measured in square metres. Fresh
coarse aggregates and screening materials used in the work shall be measured in stacks in
accordance with clause 4 -6.

4-1.5.3 Levelling Course

Levelling course shall be measured as volume compacted in position in cubic metres. The
volume shall be worked out through measurement of layer thickness as per clause G-13.3.

4-1.6 Rates

4-1.6.1 Scarifying and Relaying

The contract unit rate for scarifying and relaying the aggregate base course shall be paid in
full for carrying out the required operations including full compensation for the components
listed in clause 3-1.7 except that the fresh coarse aggregates and screenings to be incorporated
in the work shall be paid separately in accordance with clause 4 -6.

4-1.6.2 Levelling Course

The contract unit rate for levelling course shall be paid in full for carrying out the required
operations including full compensation for:
Þ making arrangements for traffic as per clause G -12 except for initial treatment to
shoulders and construction of diversions;
Þ providing all materials to be incorporated in the work including any royalties, fees, rents
and taxes as applicable and all leads unless the contract specifically excludes any
 item of material required for the work or provides for separate payment in accordance
with clause 4 -6;
Þ preparation of base including filling of pot-holes; all clearing operations; and application
of tack coat;
Þ all labour, precautionary measures and other incidentals required to complete the work as
per the Specifications; and
Þ carrying out the work in part widths of roadway, where directed.

4 -2 TACK COAT

4-2.1 Description

Tack coat is a bitumen painting applied as an intermediate bonding coat to another

bituminous course to be laid on the existing road surface. It shall be applied in single coat of
low viscosity liquid bituminous material.

4-2.2 Materials

The only material in this item of work is a binder. Binder used for tack coat shall be bitumen
of a suitable grade as directed by the Engineer. It should conform to IS : 73, 217 or 454, as
applicable, or to any other approved cutback (Cut back bitumen is prepared by adding a
quantity of kerosene or diesel oil to the bitumen. Often, it may be 5% to 10% by volume of
the bitumen) until similar Nepal’s Standards are in place.

4-2.3 Construction Operations

4-2.3.1 Preparation of Base

The surface on which the tack coat is to be applied shall be thoroughly swept and brushed to
remove the dust or any other extraneous material before the application of the binder.

4-2.3.2 Application of Binder

Binder shall be heated to the temperature appropriate to the grade of bitumen used and
approved by the Engineer and sprayed on the base at the rate specified below. The rate of
spraying in terms of straight-run bitumen shall be
(i) 5 kg per 10 square metre area for an existing bitumen treated surface.
(ii) 10 kg per 10 square metre area for an untreated water bound macadam surface.

The binder shall be applied uniformly with the aid of sprayers. The tack coat shall be applied
just ahead of the oncoming bituminous construction.

4-2.4 Quality Control Works

Control on the quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer in
accordance with clause 5-2.4.
4-2.5 Arrangements for Traffic

While the above operations continue, the flow of traffic shall be regulated as per clause G
-12.

4-2.6 Measurements for Payment

 Tack coat shall be measured in terms of surface area of application in square metres
depending upon the specified rate of spraying.

4-2.7 Rate

The contract unit rate for tack coat shall be paid in full for carrying out the required
operations including full compensation for:
Þ making arrangements for traffic as per clause G -12 except for initial treatment to
shoulders and construction of diversions;
Þ providing all materials to be incorporated in the work including all royalties, fees, rents
and taxes where necessary and all leads;
Þ all labour, precautionary measures and other incidentals required to complete the work as
per the Specifications; and
Þ carrying out the work in part widths of roadway, where directed.

4 -3 BITUMINOUS MACADAM BASE/BINDER COURSE

4-3.1 Description

Bituminous macadam base/binder course shall be constructed in accordance with the

requirements of these Specifications and in conformity with the lines, grades and cross
sections shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer. This work shall include the
construction of 50 mm/75 mm thickness of compacted crushed aggregates pre-mixed with a
bituminous binder which is to be laid as a single layer immediately after mixing on a base
prepared previously.

4-3.2 Materials

4-3.2.1 Binder

The binder shall be straight run bitumen of a suitable grade as directed by the Engineer
complying with IS : 73.

4-3.2.2 Aggregates

The aggregates shall consist of crushed stone, crushed gravel (shingle) or other stones. They
shall be clean, strong, durable, of fairly cubical shape and free of disintegrated pieces, organic
and other deleterious matter and adherent coatings. The aggregates shall preferably be
hydrophobic and of low porosity.

The aggregates shall satisfy the physical requirements set forth in Table 4 -3(a).

Table 4 -3(a) : Physical Requirements of Aggregates for Bituminous Macadam

S. No. Test Test Method Requirements

1 Los Angeles Abrasion IS : 2386 35% Maximum
Value* (Part IV)
2 Aggregate Impact Value* IS : 2386 30% Maximum
(Part IV)
 3 Flakiness Index IS : 2386 35% Maximum
(Part I)
4 Stripping Value IS : 6241 25% Maximum

5 Water Absorption IS : 2386 2% Maximum

(Part III)
* Aggregates may satisfy requirements of either of the two tests.

The aggregates for bituminous macadam for different thickness shall conform to Grading I or
II shown in Table 4 -3(b) and Table 4 -3(c). The actual grading to be used shall be specified
in the contract.

Table 4 -3(b) : Aggregates Grading for 75 mm Compacted Thickness of Bituminous

Macadam

Sieve Designation Percentage by Weight Passing the Sieve

Grading I Grading II
63 mm 100 -
50 mm 90-100 -
40 mm 35-65 100
25 mm 20-40 70-100
20 mm - 50-80
12.5 mm 5-20 -
4.75 mm - 10-30
2.36 mm - 5-20
75 micron 0-5 0-4

Table 4 -3(c) : Aggregates Grading for 50 mm Compacted Thickness of Bituminous

Macadam

Sieve Designation Percentage by Weight Passing the Sieve

Grading I Grading II
50 mm 100 -
40 mm 90-100 -
25 mm 50-80 100
20 mm - 70-100
12.5 mm 10-30 -
10 mm - 35-60
4.75 mm - 15-35
2.36 mm - 5-20
75 micron 0-5 0-4

4-3.2.3 Proportioning of Materials

The binder content for pre-mixing shall be 3.5% and 4% by weight of the total mix for
aggregate Grading I and II, respectively, except otherwise directed by the Engineer. The
quantities of aggregates to be used shall be sufficient to yield the specified thickness after
compaction.
4-3.2.4 Variation in Proportioning of Materials

It shall be ensured that the materials are mixed in their respective proportions thereby
producing a uniform mix. However, a variation in binder content of ±0.3% by weight of total
mix could be permitted for individual specimen taken for quality control tests in accordance
with clause 5 -2.

4-3.3 Construction Operations

4-3.3.1 Weather and Seasonal Limitations

Bituminous macadam shall not be laid during rainy weather or when the base course is damp
or wet.

4-3.3.2 Preparation of Base

The base on which bituminous macadam is to be laid shall be prepared, shaped and
conditioned to the specified lines, grade and cross-sections in accordance with clause 4 -1 as
directed by the Engineer. The receiving surface shall be thoroughly swept and brushed to
remove all dust and undesirable materials.

4-3.3.3 Tack Coat

A tack coat as per clause 4 -2 shall be applied over the base except when the laying of
bituminous macadam is being preceded by a bituminous levelling course.

4-3.3.4 Preparation and Transport of Mix

Hot mix plant of adequate capacity shall be used for preparing the mix. Alternatively, the
preparation of mix could be performed manually as follows:
(i) Bitumen shall be heated in empty oil drum or big metal pots;
(ii) Simultaneously, the aggregates shall be spread on sheets made out of salvaged empty
bitumen drums and shall be heated by making a fire underneath;
(iii) Finally, mixing the heated bitumen with hot aggregates on a separate big metal tray.

The temperature of binder at the time of mixing shall be in the range of 150° to 165°C and
that of aggregates shall be in the range of 125° to 150°C, provided that the difference in
temperature between the binder and aggregate at no time exceeds 25°C.

Mixing shall be thorough to ensure that a homogeneous mixture is obtained in which all
particles of the aggregates are coated uniformly. The mixture shall be transported from the
mixing plant or the mixing place at site to the point of use in suitable vehicles or carriers.
The vehicles or carriers employed for transport shall be cleaned and covered while in transit
if so directed by the Engineer.

4-3.3.5 Spreading

The mix shall be spread immediately after mixing by means of manual laying where no
mechanical means are available. It shall be carried out as per the screeds previously fixed at
intervals. After spreading, the mix shall be tamped and finished according to the lines, grade
and cross-sections shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer. At the time of
laying, the temperature of the mix shall be maintained in the range of 110° to 135°C.
 The longitudinal joints and edges shall be constructed true to the delineating lines parallel to
the centre line of the road. All joints shall be cut vertical to the full thickness of the
previously laid mix and the surface shall be painted with hot bitumen before placing fresh
material for the next stretch.

4-3.3.6 Rolling

After the spreading of mix, rolling shall be done by 8/10 ton power rollers or other approved
plant. Rolling should start as soon as possible after the material has been spread. Rolling
shall be done with care by avoiding any undue roughening of pavement surface.

Rolling of the longitudinal joint shall be done immediately after the paving operation. Then,
rolling shall commence at edges and progress towards the centre longitudinally. In the case
of super-elevated portions, rolling shall commence at the lower edge and progress towards
the upper edge moving parallel to the centre line of the pavement.

The initial or breakdown rolling shall be done as soon as it is possible to roll the mixture
without cracking the surface. The second or intermediate rolling shall follow the breakdown
rolling as closely as possible and be done while the paving mix is still at a temperature that
will result in maximum density. The final rolling shall be done while the material is still
workable enough for the removal of roller’s track marks.

When the roller has passed over the entire area once, any high spots or depressions which
become apparent shall be corrected by removing or adding fresh material. The rolling shall
then be continued till the entire surface has been rolled to requisite compaction. At this
point, there is no crushing of aggregates and all the roller’s track marks have been eliminated.
Each pass of the roller shall uniformly lap over not less than one third of the track made by
the preceding pass. The roller wheels shall be kept damp, if necessary, to avoid the
bituminous material from sticking to the wheels and being picked up. In no case shall fuel or
lubricating oil be used for this purpose.

Rolling operation shall be completed in every respect before the temperature of the mix falls
below 80°C.

Rollers shall not stand on newly laid material when there is a risk of any deformation. The
edges along and transverse of the bituminous macadam laid and compacted earlier shall be
cut to their full depth so as to expose the fresh surface which shall be painted with a thin
surface coat of appropriate binder before the new mix is placed against it.

4-3.4 Finishing of Surface and Quality Control Works

The finishing of surface shall conform to the requirements of clause 5 -1. Control on the
quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer in accordance with clause 5
-2.

The bituminous macadam shall be provided final surfacing without any delay. If there is to
be any delay, the course shall be covered by a seal coat to the requirements of clause 4 -5
before allowing any traffic over it.

4-3.5 Arrangements of Traffic

The flow of traffic during construction shall be maintained as per clause G -12.
4-3.6 Measurements for Payment

Bituminous macadam shall be measured as finished work in cubic metres.

4-3.7 Rate

The contract unit rate for bituminous macadam shall be paid in full for carrying out the
required operations including full compensation for:
Þ making arrangements for traffic as per clause G -12 except for initial treatment to
shoulders and construction of diversions;
Þ preparation of base except laying of levelling course but including filling of pot-holes;
Þ providing all materials to be incorporated in the work including all royalties, fees, rents
and taxes where necessary and all leads;
Þ all labour, precautionary measures and other incidental required to complete the work as
per the Specifications; and
Þ carrying out the work in part widths, where directed.

4 -4 SURFACE DRESSING

4-4.1 Description

This work shall consist of the application of one or two coats of surface dressing. Surface
dressing with single coat is generally referred as Single Bitumen Surface Treatment or as
SBST. Similarly, Double Bitumen Surface Treatment (DBST) means surface dressing with
two coats.

The base for surface dressing shall be a water bound macadam or other similarly prepared
surface. The first layer of bituminous liquid (after heating up to an appropriate temperature)
shall be sprayed on the prepared base. Before the binder is set, the specified quantities of
stone chippings shall be spread to form the wearing surface and then rolled to the
requirements of these Specifications. If required, the second layer shall also be placed in a
similar manner.

4-4.2 Materials

4-4.2.1 Binder

The binder shall be straight run bitumen of a suitable grade as directed by the Engineer and
conforming to IS : 73.

4-4.2.2 Stone Chippings

The stone chippings shall consist of fairly cubical fragments of clean, hard, tough and durable
stones of uniform quality. These shall be obtained by crushing stone, river gravel (shingle)
or other approved materials. Rounded gravel shall be used only when specifically permitted
by the Engineer. The chippings shall be free of elongated or flaky pieces, soft or
disintegrated stone, salt, alkali, organic matter, dust and adherent coatings. They shall
 conform to the quality requirements of Table 4 -3(a), except that the Flakiness Index shall be
limited to a maximum of 30.

The size of stone chippings shall be in accordance with Table 4 -4(a).

Table 4 -4(a) : Size Requirements of Stone Chippings for Surface Dressing

S. Type of Construction Nominal Size of Specifications

No. Stone Chippings
1 Single coat surface 12 mm 100% passing through 20 mm
dressing or the first coat sieve and retained on 10 mm
of two coat surface sieve.
dressing
2 10 mm 100% passing through 12.5
Second coat of two coat mm sieve and retained on 6.3
surface dressing mm sieve.

4-4.2.3 Quantities of Materials

The quantities of materials used in bituminous surface dressing shall be as specified in Table
4 -4(b).

Table 4 -4(b) : Quantities of Materials required for 10 m2 of Road Surface for Surface
Dressing

S. Type of Construction Binder Stone Chippings

No.
1 Single coat surface dressing or 18 kg 0.15 m3
the first coat of two coat surface
dressing

2 Second coat of two coat surface 11 kg 0.10 m3

dressing or renewal coat

4-4.3 Construction Operations

4-4.3.1 Weather and Seasonal Limitations

The surface dressing work shall be carried out only when the atmospheric temperature in
shade is above 16°C. No bituminous material shall normally be applied when the surface of
cover material is damp, when the weather is foggy or rainy, or during dust storms.

4-4.3.2 Preparation of Base

The base on which surface dressing is to be laid shall be prepared, shaped and conditioned to
the specified lines, grades and cross-sections in accordance with clause 4 -1 as directed by the
Engineer. Where the existing surface is bulged, it should be rectified.
 The surface shall be thoroughly swept and brushed to remove dust and any other undesirable
matter before the spraying of binder. The cleaning shall be done first with hard wire-brushes
then with softer brushes and finally by blowing with sacks or gunny bags when necessary.

4-4.3.3 Application of Binder

Binder shall be heated to a temperature range of 163°-177°C and sprayed on dry surface in a
uniform manner with the help of sprayers. Excessive deposits of binder caused by stopping
or starting of the sprayer or through leakage or any other reason shall be suitably corrected
before the stone chippings are spread.

4-4.3.4 Application of Stone Chippings

Immediately after the application of binder, stone chippings in a dry and clean state shall be
spread uniformly on the surface manually so as to cover the surface completely. If necessary,
the surface shall be swept in order to ensure a uniform spread of chippings.

4-4.3.5 Rolling

Immediately after the application of cover material, the entire surface shall be rolled with a 8-
10 ton smooth wheeled roller. Rolling shall commence at the edges and progress towards the
centre except in super-elevated portions where it shall proceed from the inner edge to the
outer. Each pass of the roller shall uniformly overlap not less than one third of the track
made in the preceding pass. While rolling is in progress, additional chippings shall be spread
by hand in whatever quantities necessary to patch up the irregularities. Rolling shall continue
until all aggregate particles are firmly embedded in the binder and present a uniform closed
surface.

4-4.3.6 Application of Second Coat of Surface Dressing

Where surface dressing in two coats is specified, the second coat shall be applied
immediately after the laying of first coat. The construction operations for the second coat
shall be the same as described in clauses 4-4.3.3, 4-4.3.4 and 4-4.3.5.

4-4.4 Opening to Traffic

Traffic shall not be allowed to run on any newly dressed surfaces until the following day. In
special circumstances, however, the Engineer may open the road to traffic immediately after
rolling, but in such cases, its speed shall be limited to 16 kmph till the following day.

4-4.5 Finishing of Surface and Quality Control Works

The surface finish of construction shall conform to the requirements of clause 5 -1 of the
Specifications. Control on the quality of materials and work shall be exercised by the
Engineer in accordance with clause 5 -2 of the Specifications.
4-4.6 Measurements for Payment

Each coat of surface dressing shall be measured as finished work in square metres.

4-4.7 Rates

The contract unit rate for each coat of surface dressing shall be paid in full for carrying out
the required operations including full compensation for all components listed in clause 4-3.8.
4 -5 SEAL COAT

4-5.1 Description

The work of seal coat shall consist of application of a coating of sealing material over a
bituminous surface laid to specified levels, grade and camber. It shall be of two types as
specified below:
i. Type A - liquid seal coat comprising of an application of a layer of bituminous binder
followed by a cover of stone chippings.
ii. Type B - pre-mixed seal coat comprising of a thin application of fine aggregate pre-
mixed with bituminous binder.

4-5.2 Materials

The materials for seal coat shall be binder, stone chippings and fine aggregates.

4-5.2.1 Binder

The binder shall be bitumen of a suitable grade as directed by the Engineer and conforming
to the requirements of IS : 73, 217 or 454 as applicable or any other approved cutback.

The quantity of binder to be utilised, in terms of straight run bitumen shall be

Þ 9.8 kg per 10 square metre area for Type A, and
Þ 6.8 kg per 10 square metre area for Type B.

4-5.2.2 Stone Chippings for Type A Seal Coat

The stone chippings shall

Þ consist of angular fragments of clean, hard, tough and durable rock of uniform quality
throughout;
Þ be free of elongated or flaky pieces, soft or disintegrated stone, or organic matter; and
Þ be of 6 mm size defined as 100% passing through 10 mm sieve and retained on 2.36 mm
sieve.

The quantity used for spreading shall be 0.09 cubic metre per 10 square metre area. The
chippings shall satisfy the quality requirements spelled out in Table 4 -3(a) except the upper
limit for Flakiness Index which in this case shall be 30.

4-5.2.3 Fine Aggregates for Type B Seal Coat

The fine aggregates shall be sand or fine grit.

The fine aggregate of sand or grit shall
Þ consist of clean, hard, durable, un-coated dry particles;
Þ be free from dust, soft or flaky material, organic matter and other deleterious substances;
and
Þ pass 1.7 mm sieve and be retained on 180 micron sieve.

The quantity used for premixing shall be 0.06 cubic metre per 10 square metre area.

4-5.3 Construction Operations

4-5.3.1 Preparation of Base

The seal coat shall be applied immediately after the laying of bituminous course which is
required to be sealed. Before the application of seal coat material, the surface shall be
cleaned and made free of any dust or other extraneous matter.

4-5.3.2 Construction of Type A Seal Coat

The binder shall be heated in boilers of suitable design or alternately in an open mouthed
empty oil drums to the temperature (preferably, 163°-177°C) appropriate to the grade of
bitumen approved by the Engineer.

The seal coat shall be applied in accordance with the construction operations described in
clauses 4-4.3.3, 4-4.3.4 and 4-4.3.5.

4-5.3.3 Construction of Type B Seal Coat

Mixers of approved type shall be employed for mixing the aggregates with the bituminous
binder. In rural road construction, the hand mixing tray made out of metal sheets could be
used in place of mixer plants. In this case, an adequate number of labourers equipped with
shovels, rubber boots, gloves, safety hats, etc. shall be required in order to achieve the
requisite quality of mixing.

The binder shall be heated in boilers of suitable design to the temperature appropriate to the
grade of bitumen approved by the Engineer. Also, the aggregates shall be dry and suitably
heated to a temperature directed by the Engineer before the same are placed in the mixer.
Mixing of binder with aggregates to the specified proportions shall be continued till the
aggregates are thoroughly coated with the binder.

The mix shall be transported immediately from the mixing plant/site to the place of use and
spread uniformly on the bituminous surface to be sealed.

As soon as sufficient length has been covered with the pre-mixed material, the surface shall
be rolled with 6-9 ton smooth wheeled power rollers. Rolling shall be continued till the pre-
mixed material completely seals the voids in the bituminous course and a smooth uniform
surface is obtained.

4-5.4 Opening to Traffic

In the case of Type B seal coat, traffic may be allowed soon after final rolling when the
premixed material has cooled down to the surrounding temperature. However, as regard to
Type A seal coat, clause 4-4.4 shall apply.

4-5.5 Finishing of Surface and Quality Control Works

The surface finish of construction shall conform to the requirements of clause 5 -1. Control
on the quality of materials and works shall be exercised by the Engineer as per clause 5 -2.

4-5.6 Arrangements for Traffic

During the period of construction, flow of traffic shall be maintained as per clause G -12.

4-5.7 Measurements for Payment

 Seal coat, Type A or B shall be measured as finished work in square metres.

4-5.8 Rate

The contract unit rate for seal coat, Type A or B shall be paid in full for carrying out the
required operations including full compensation for all components listed in clause 4-3.8.

4 -6 SUPPLY OF MINERAL AGGREGATES FOR PAVEMENT COURSES

4-6.1 General

These Specifications shall apply to works where it is intended only to collect, transport and
stack the mineral aggregates and mineral filler for use in pavement courses. The actual work
of laying the courses shall, however, be governed by the relevant sections of the
Specifications. The size and quantities of the aggregates to be supplied shall be selected by
the Engineer in such a manner that the intended supply should satisfy the grading
requirements of relevant courses set forth in these Specifications.

All the materials shall be procured from the approved sources and shall conform to the
physical requirements of individual items specified in the respective sections of these
Specifications.

4-6.2 Sizes of Mineral Aggregates

The mineral aggregates shall be designated by their standard sizes in the contract and shall
conform to the requirements set forth in Table 4 -6(a).

Table 4 -6(a) : Size Requirements for Mineral Aggregates

S. Standard Size of Designation of Sieve Designation of Sieve on

No Aggregate through which the which the Aggregate shall
. Aggregate shall pass be retained Entirely
Entirely
Coarse Aggregates
1 90 mm 100 mm 80 mm
2 75 mm 100 mm 63 mm
3 63 mm 80 mm 50 mm
4 40 mm 50 mm 25 mm
5 25 mm 40 mm 20 mm

S. Standard Size of Designation of Sieve Designation of Sieve on

No Aggregate through which the which the Aggregate shall
. Aggregate shall pass be retained Entirely
Entirely
Coarse Aggregates
6 20 mm 25 mm 12.5 mm
7 12 mm 20 mm 10 mm
8 10 mm 12.5 mm 6.3 mm
9 6 mm 10 mm 2.36 mm
Fine Aggregates
 10 2 mm 4.75 mm 75 micron
11 500 micron 2.36 mm 150 micron
12 75 micron 150 micron -

4-6.3 Stacking

Only the aggregates satisfying the requirements of Specifications shall be transported to the
road side and stacked. Each size of aggregate shall be stacked separately. Similarly,
materials obtained from different sources shall be stacked separately.

The aggregates shall be stacked outside the roadway on a levelled ground or platform
prepared in advance for the purpose by the Contractor at his own cost. It shall be done in
such a manner that it facilitates for correct and easy measurement. Materials shall not be
stacked in locations liable to inundation or floods.

The dimensions of the stacks and their locations shall be as approved by the Engineer.
Where the material is improperly stacked, the Engineer shall have the right to order complete
re-stacking of the materials at the cost of the Contractor.

Mineral filler shall be supplied in dry state in bags or other suitable containers approved by
the Engineer and shall be protected from weather, dampness, etc. so as to prevent any
deterioration in quality.

4-6.4 Quality Control of Materials

The Engineer shall exercise control over the quality of materials so as to ascertain their
conformity with the requirements of Specifications. For this, he/she shall carry out necessary
tests for the specified properties. Testing shall be carried out to the following frequencies
and the Engineer shall have the right to modify these according to the needs.

1. Coarse and fine aggregates : one test for each specified property per 50 m 3 of material.
2. Mineral filler : one test for each specified property for every 5 ton subject to a minimum
of one test for each consignment.

Materials not conforming to the requirements of Specifications shall not be brought to the
work site.

4-6.5 Measurements for Payment

Coarse and fine aggregates supplied at site of works shall be measured in cubic metres. The
actual volume of the aggregates to be paid shall be computed after deducting the following
percentages from the volume obtained from stack measurements.

Table 4 -6(b) : Percentage Reduction in Volume obtained from Stack Measurements

S. Standard Size of Aggregates Percentage Reduction in Volume obtained

No. from Stack Measurements
1 75 mm and 63 mm 12.5%
 2 40 mm and 25 mm 10%
3 20 mm, 12 mm, 10 mm and 6 mm 5%
4 Fine aggregates nil

Unless otherwise directed, measurements shall not be taken until sufficient materials for use
on the road have been collected and stacked. Immediately after measurement, the stacks shall
be marked by whitewash or other means as directed by the Engineer.

Mineral filler as delivered at site of works shall be measured in tonnes.

4-6.6 Rates

The contract unit rates for different sizes of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and mineral filler
shall be paid in full for collecting, transporting and stacking or storing at site of works
including full compensation for:
Þ all royalties, fees, rents and taxes where necessary;
Þ all leads; and
Þ all labour, precautionary measures and other incidentals required
to complete the work as per the Specifications.