The Comparison of Learning Analytics Tools Which are Used in Learning Management

Systems (LMS)

I. Introduction
Education and Learning particularly among our childhood is fundamental in keeping up
intensity in the course of recent decades, data innovation has come to saturate about all parts
of human life. The data advancements, including PCs and their peripherals, program, the
Internet, cell phones and electronic interactive media, are turning out to be a piece of our day
by day presence at an ever-expanding rate. The PC and Information Communications
Technology (ICT) have without a doubt changed our day by day lives to make
correspondence swifter and simpler. In this much-advertised 21st century instructional
techniques and teaching method are additionally experiencing quick changes. This reality
additionally educates the need to coordinate data innovation into educational plans for the
different branches of knowledge. In the wake of utilization of ICT in instruction, the idea of
the conventional study hall, with four dividers, has been expanded and ramified. The PC has
had multiplier impact on educating and learning. Added to this, the ongoing increments in
registering intensity of reasonable PCs, workstations, I-cushions and mobiles have brought
about an expansion in the turn of events and utilization of different types of PC conveyed
guidance. Understanding the impacts of this guidance on learning is imperative to any future
usage of PCs in training. There is examine proof that cutting edge ICT based creative
practices like ELearning, web based learning or learning through the web, can without much
of a stretch make the showing procedure increasingly exploratory by utilizing performing
various tasks, for example, tests, puzzles, bunch conversations, pretends, and so on.
Understudies are intensely drenched in Web 2.0 advances (for example online journals,
twitter, web recordings, wikis, interpersonal organization destinations, virtual universes,
video sharing, photograph sharing, and so forth.). They are making on-line experience that
flawlessly repair with their disconnected world. In reality, the web is assuming an undeniably
significant job in understudy public activity as well as in scholarly. The compelling
coordination of ICTs into the instructive framework is a complex multifaceted procedure that
includes innovation as well as educational program and instructional method, institutional
preparation, instructor abilities, long haul financing and so on.
LMS programming gives a structure through which learning content is conveyed and
overseen. The activity of a Learning Management System changes depending upon the
affiliation's objectives, electronic getting ready procedure, and needed outcomes. In any case,
the most broadly perceived use for LMS writing computer programs is to send and follow
electronic planning exercises. Commonly, assets are moved to the Learning Management
System, which makes them successfully accessible for remote understudies. Here and there,
the LMS may even have worked in eLearning composing instruments that license instructor
to make web planning materials without additional outcast programming. The University of
Melbourne, Australia has a very much characterized system that portrays the fundamental
components of any LMS that the college embraces on its grounds. The system depicts
 different scholarly purposes gave by an online nearness to help understudies subject based
learning like arrangement of managerial and procedural data, arrangement of data and assets,
free learning and study, access to highlights that empower and encourage community
oriented learning and arrangement of intuitive instruments for evaluation and criticism. A
LMS should empower the administration, conveyance and following of learning content for
educators/teachers and enlisted understudies, and ought to coordinate these exercises with
administrative undertakings that mechanize and smooth out the frameworks generally
speaking expense and effect. LMS should bolster communitarian learning network by
methods for different learning modes including self-guided coursework (electronic
workshops and classes, downloaded material, CD-ROMs, and recordings), planned classes
(live guidance in study hall settings and on the web), and gathering learning (online
discussions and visits). A hearty LMS ought to have engineering equipped for supporting and
adjusting these useful prerequisites relying upon associations advancing necessities like,
enlistment, observing and controlling.
Big Data: The term Big Data refers to the huge volume of data that is created by users of the
advanced social networking and organizations which are creating high volume of data like
scientific studies. This high volume of data is distributed across various infrastructure facilities
that are connected through internet and the size of the data is increasing now and then. Due to
diverse nature of the scientific data creation and studying methods, the data created are generally
unstructured or semi structured. There is a need to change over Big Data into Business
Intelligence that ventures can promptly convey. For doing so, various technological
organizations are proposing and developing various big data processing tools and techniques like
Hadoop, Spark etc. The characteristics of big data are of 4 attributes and they are:
Volume: As foretold, the range of volume of data created by the individuals and organization
that are connected with internet are in greater volume.
Velocity: the rate at which new data are generated is unpredictable as today’s internet is moving
towards connecting everything on the network. The sensors, mobile devices, computers, servers,
cameras, etc. are all generating data in a higher velocity.
Variety: in general the tradition database systems are processing structured data only. But as now
every device and human being connected in the internet are able to produce data, there is no
general structure for the data and the types of data are also heterogeneous in nature.
Veracity: The real problem of data or information generated and circulated in today’s web is its
originality. There is still finding an authenticated source of information is an open issue.
I.I Why we need LMS?
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) which fuse radio and TV, similarly
as additional exceptional modernized headways, for instance, PCs and the Internet have been
touted as potentially extraordinary engaging devices for informational change and change. The
term, ICT implies kinds of progressions that are used to make, store, share or transmit, exchange
information. This wide significance of ICT consolidates such developments as: radio, TV, video,
DVD, telephone (both fixed line and phones), satellite structures, PC and framework gear and
programming; similarly as the equipment and organizations related with these headways, for
instance, videoconferencing and electronic mail. Exactly when used reasonably, phenomenal
ICTs are said to help develop access to preparing, sustain the significance of guidance to the
unyieldingly propelled workplace, and raise informative quality by, among others, helping make
teaching and learning into an attracting, dynamic method related with the real world. But then,
do these instructive advances and the substance that they give bring about learning? Broad
examination into learning with innovation gives definitive proof that individuals can, and do,
gain from instructive advances. ICT-improved learning gives a phase to understudy solicitation,
assessment and improvement of new information. Understudies thusly learn as they do and, at
whatever point appropriate, go after authentic issues through and through, and as opposed to
maintenance based or redundancy learning, ICT improved learning propels extended student
commitment. Ordinarily a LMS takes into consideration student enlistment, conveyance of
learning exercises, and student appraisal in an online domain. Increasingly extensive LMSs
regularly incorporate apparatuses, for example, competency the executives, abilities hole
examination, progression arranging, confirmations, and asset distribution (settings, rooms, course
readings, teachers, and so on.). LMSs depend on an assortment of improvement stages, from
Java EE based structures to Microsoft .NET, and ordinarily utilize the utilization of a hearty
database back-end. While most frameworks are financially evolved and every now and again
have without non licenses or confine access to their source code, free and open-source models do
exist. Other than the most basic, essential usefulness, all LMSs take into account, and spotlight
on various instructive, regulatory, and arrangement prerequisites. Open source and Web-based
LMS programming arrangements are developing quick in the instruction and business world. For
some establishments over the globe, the Learning Management System, or LMS, is the most
critical undertaking framework for instructing and learning. The LMS is the methods by which
course data is circulated to understudies. Broad examinations on the utilization of LMS in
European nations present major broad discoveries on the developing utilization of LMS on
grounds across Europe.
I.II Learning Analytics Tools in LMS
LMS Reporting is a pivotal element of any cutting edge online course and it shows full
favorable position of Big Data these days. A considerable lot of the associations who are now
utilizing LMS can rely upon the inbuilt highlights of their LMS to give learning examination
backing and a few associations, who don't have a LMS set up can utilize independent learning
investigation devices or plug in these apparatuses with an open source LMS like moodle. There
are a few kinds of information that teachers and educators should use in their information
investigation process:

• Input information - understudy's experience qualities

• Process information - quality/amount of instructional materials,
• Outcome information - understudy's maintenance and fulfillment rates
• Satisfaction information - understudy's fulfillment rates
Most Learning Management Systems (LMS) include examination that are incorporated with the
stage. Few investigation devices are

a. Learner Satisfaction Ratings

One of the most critical advantages of utilizing a LMS is having the option to check
online student fulfillment. ELearning investigation enable educator to gather the entirety of study
and survey information in one brought together area. At that point instructor can make diagrams
and outlines to follow examples and patterns. This permits instructor to imagine the information
with the goal that educator can pinpoint issues. For instance, educator may find that half of
online students incline toward greater intelligence or mixed media.
b. Online Learner Proficiency
The reason for going to eLearning course is to increase new information or improve
abilities. Online students need to improve their capability in some limit and eLearning
examination can assist educator with evaluating their exhibition. ELearning examination offer
instructor the capacity to follow progressively powerful kinds of eLearning appraisals and assess
each part of students' presentation. This typically includes evaluating "spot checks" and
eLearning course fruition rates. Rather than simply seeing grades, instructor can perceive how an
online student fared during each progression of the errand. For instance, stretching situations and
internet preparing recreations permit educator to in a roundabout way test their reasonable skill.
c. Personalized Metrics
Many Learning Management Systems offer adaptable measurements that educator can
use to follow explicit eLearning examination. For instance, learning destinations or the adequacy
of certain eLearning exercises. On the off chance that instructor are searching for customized
eLearning examination, search for a LMS that highlights adaptable announcing with the goal that
educator can acquire the data instructor need. This likewise includes a top to bottom needs
examination so instructor can discover the LMS that supports learning objectives and
destinations.
d. Online Learner Progress
Customized criticism is fundamental, and LMS examination permit instructor to follow
individual online student progress all through the eLearning course. Survey online students when
the eLearning course, at that point look at the outcomes in Learning Management System. Make
graphs and tables to dissect each online student's presentation and crowd all in all. This data
enables instructor to prescribe supplemental eLearning exercises and modules to fill execution
holes and improve appreciation.
I.III Examples of LMS
There are different kinds of LMS software’s are available on the market ranging from free to use,
open source, proprietary etc. These LMS can be deployed as in-house, cloud etc.

a. Open Source LMS

1. Moodle
2. Open edX
3. openOLAT
4. ILIAS
5. Claroline
6. .LRN (dotLRN)

b. Proprietary LMS

1. JoomlaLMS
2. Blackboard Learn
3. eCollege
4. Neo LMS
5. Itslearning
6. Meridian LMS

This research work will address the comparison of few learning analytics tools which are
used in many learning management systems.

Problem Statement:
The LMS permits to catch unequivocal information through the movement did by
understudies from any gadget and give an away from of what is truly occurring in the learning
procedure so as to have the option to meet and improve the consideration and the requirements of
the understudies. The significance of the LMS has done that numerous nations are putting their
exertion in instructive frameworks so as to address the difficulties required. In its survey, they
are utilizing scholarly investigation working with enormous informational collections and
prescient models to rehearse an institutional information mining to create clever activities. This
research work will analyze various learning analytics tools and methods used in different LMS
software and will provide a comprehensive review of the LMS.

Significance of the Study:

The clever activities produced from factual investigations of various information sources
can direct a progressively proficient utilization of instruments, procedures, associations and
institutional culture. The scholastic investigation can make significant knowledge to improve
instructing, learning, and understudy achievement. These have potential also in anticipating the
understudies having scholastic trouble, centering the requirements some particular learning.
Ordinarily, the advanced education framework is wasteful in its information use, and furthermore
the generous deferrals in breaking down the promptly obvious information and the input. The
compelling tasks identify with keeping away from disappointment of using a lot of information
as the authoritative procedures regularly of understudy profiles and required mediations. This
research work will concentrate on adaptability of various learning analytics tools in different
types of LMS. As a computer science master project, this research work will provide in-depth
analysis of different LAT under different LMS. By utilizing the output of this research work,
universities may find out appropriate LMS for their use by understanding various features and
ease of deployment and usage by faculty, students, management of the university. This research
work will provide the research community under education field about the advancement of usage
of ICT in teaching learning process (TLP).

Literature Review:
The examination administration is accountable for producing the representations that are
destined to be inserted in the LMS website page by the program augmentation. The
representations can be created as a solitary picture or as a free website page contingent upon
regardless of whether the representation will be intuitive. A perception may introduce different
data to a similar member, contingent upon the setting where the representation is being appeared.
This requires the support of acknowledging parameters that demonstrate the present setting of
the watcher. For example, the representation of a student execution could be shown to both
teacher and student, yet the last could be furnished with an examination of her presentation and
the exhibition of the entire class gathering. In other circumstances, for example, a general
dashboard, the learning examination administration gives data about the individual client just
when the representation is seen by a student yet not when seen by a teacher.
In [1] researchers have proposed a scientific practice about the utilization of e-learning
mechanical devices to produce applicable data, for the educator and the understudies who
attempt to streamline their learning procedure. The key discoveries of this work are
• Learning Analytics center around the learning procedure, utilizing the information give
by the LMS, in a few different ways: breaking down the conversation messages presented on
recognize the understudy's dangers, changing the college framework or the scholastic models and
offering suggestions to understudies to improve their propensities.
• This procedure of learning examination gives helpful data to the two educators and
understudies. Instructors will likewise tell them, continuously, execution of the understudies and
react, quickly, to the most pressing, just as, plan better their educating exercises.

• To the understudies, then again, permits them to know about their advancement and
check whether their scholastic action is sufficient to accomplish the raised targets.
• It ought to be noticed that the utilization of investigation to depict learning won't be
simple, since we are in the beginning times of execution and experimentation.
• As the act of examination will be refined, colleges can put better data under the control of
a more prominent number of individuals, empowering educated dynamic.
 In [2] researchers audit various classifications of online evaluations and recognize
informational collections that can be gathered and investigated for every one of them. Two
unique information investigation and perception devices were utilized: Tableau for quantitative
information and Many Eyes for subjective information. This paper has suggestions for educators,
instructional originators, chairmen, and instructive specialists who utilize online appraisals. The
key discoveries of this work are
• Online course educators can utilize different evaluation procedures through the viewpoint
of learning examination to help understudy learning through information driven dynamic model
• Similarly teachers of online courses can accumulate data from understudies'
acquaintances with see what kind of understudies are taken on the class, what things do they
appear to esteem, and what elements may meddle with their learning.
• One of the significant advantages is that these learning examination furnish understudies
with the accessibility of prompt and moment input they can utilize while as yet dealing with their
assignments or activities.
In [3] researchers characterize learning examination, how it has been utilized in
instructive foundations, what learning investigation apparatuses are accessible, and how staff can
utilize information in their courses to screen and foresee understudy execution. The key
discoveries of this work are
• Big Brother: It might be threatening to certain understudies and workforce to realize that
somebody can "watch" and track all that they do.
• Holistic see: There is a worry that any informational collection, regardless of how
complete, can't consider different issues, for example, relational ones.
• Faculty association: Faculty should be engaged with request for learning investigation to
have its most prominent effect.
• Obligation to act: Are staff and establishments committed to utilize information to build
the likelihood of understudy achievement?
In [4] researchers computerizing the assessment procedure and has built up a PC helped
framework named Easy Way to Evaluate LMSs (EW-LMS), for the snappy and effective
assessment of LMSs, particularly for creating nations. The key discoveries of this work are
• When the educators entered their particular instructive needs to the EW-LMS, WebCT
was in runner up, while Blackboard was third.
• It affirm that the EW-LMS created by the scientist has been an important apparatus for
educators.
• The explanation behind the inspirational mentalities could be clarified as far as the way
that, on a general level, teachers communicated emphatically about the EW-LMS.
• This work will contribute for the most part to nations which despite everything need
behind e-learning, however are happy to utilize this virtual learning condition for conveying
training to the present students by means of LMS
In [5] researchers depict a PC program created at the Near East University for the
assessment of learning the executives frameworks. The key discoveries of this examination work
are
• The framework requests utilizing man-made consciousness techniques and dynamic
methodology to give a brilliant procedure to help clients in settling on their choice.
• This sort of computerized reasoning calculation relies upon fluffy rationale correlations
and basic conditions to discover a framework from a gathering of decisions as an appropriate
decision for the client.
• It is additionally conceivable to look at LMSs dependent on their highlights' depictions,
offering the input or the perspective about any LMS or in any event, examining any element of
any LMS offered in the framework, paying little mind to the degree of clients' understanding.
In [6] researchers assesses the learning the board frameworks use in science instruction.
The key discoveries of this exploration are
• From the instructional perspective, the use of sight and sound apparatuses to make
alluring exercises makes the learning procedure more amicable for understudies.
• Teachers can furnish understudies with a lot of assets that typically they can't appear in
the homeroom because of the absence of time.
• LMS additionally makes simpler the collaboration with the understudies progressively
and furthermore permits accepting their feelings and proposals; as a learning network, LMS
makes workable for understudies to share their insight and troubles, so they can help each other
through gatherings and talks.
• Teachers can see in which parts of the subject they have more challenges to comprehend
the ideas created in the homeroom.
Connected Learning (CL) which is supported by constructivist [7] and connectivist [8] learning
hypotheses, is a present day educational methodology holding that information and learning is
conveyed over a social, theoretical system. It guarantees that when individuals manufacture,
arrange and sustain associations for themselves (between individuals, data, information, thoughts
and ideas), learning is all the more impressive furthermore, reasonable. Be that as it may, an
inquiry presents: how is associated learning (CL) to be figured it out? The test cMOOC thought
spearheaded in 2008 by Siemens and Downes [9] exhibited that internet based life
administrations can be saddled to help accomplish CL, with various devices joined by singular
understudies to shape their very own learning surroundings (PLE) furthermore, individual
learning systems (PLN) [10].
Key Terms:
 Data generated by LMS Data generated by Instructor
Number of times student accessed resource Grades on Assignments
Number of queries posted Grades on Tests
Number of assignments uploaded Average grades of students
Number of courses student enrolled Final grades
Number of courses finished by student

Methodology:
IBM proposes manners by which instructive organizations can help improve understudy
accomplishment. These include:
• Monitoring singular understudy execution
• Disaggregating understudy execution by chose attributes, for example, major, year of
study, ethnicity, and so forth.
• Identifying anomalies for early intercession
• Predicting potential with the goal that all understudies accomplish ideally
• Preventing whittling down from a course or program Identifying and creating powerful
instructional strategies
• Analyzing standard evaluation strategies and instruments
• Testing and assessment of educational plans
Data Collection and Analysis Procedure
Based on the above guidelines the following template will be used for collecting data
about analysis tools provided by various LMS software’s

Description LMS 1 LMS 2 LMS 3 LMS 4

Input
Student Information System
Course management system
Grade book
Discussion forums
Social media linking
University specific pages
addon
Stakeholders
University
Department
Faculty
Leaner
Parents
Goals
 Student Monitoring
Analysis & prediction
Intervention
Assessment
Tutoring
Feedback
Personalization
Recommendation
Reflection
Techniques Used
Leaning Analytics
Visualization
Statistics
Emotional Intelligence

Limitation:

1. Many Proprietary LMS system will not allow analysis of the tools completely
2. Most open source and freeware LMS are lack in leaning analytics tools and highly
difficult to customize.

Time Line:

References:

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ELearning Technological Tools", Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference e-Learning
2013, 22–26 July. 2013, ISBN 978-972-8939-88-5
[2] Martin, Florence and Ndoye, Abdou, Using Learning Analytics to Assess Student Learning in Online
Courses, Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 13(3), 2016.
[3] Dietz-Uhler, B. and J.E. Hurn, Using Learning Analytics to Predict (and Improve) Student Success: A
Faculty Perspective. Journal of interactive online learning, 2013. 12(1): p. 17-26.
[4] Nadire Cavus (2013) Selecting a learning management system (LMS) in developing
countries: instructors' evaluation, Interactive Learning Environments, 21:5, 419-
437, DOI: 10.1080/10494820.2011.584321
[5] Nadire Cavus, Ala’a M. Momani, Computer aided evaluation of learning management
systems,
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 426-430,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.076.
[6] Nadire Cavus, Muhammed Sharif Alhih, Learning Management Systems Use in Science
Education, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 143, 2014, Pages 517-520,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.429.
[7] J. Dron and T. Anderson. Teaching Crowds. Learning and social media. Au Press, 2014.
[8] G. Siemens. Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. Technical report,
elearnspace, 2004.
[9] G. Siemens. Massive open online courses: Innovation in education? In Open Educational
Resources: Innovation, Research and Practice, pages 5–15. 2013.
[10] J. Mott. Envisioning the post-LMS era: The open learning network. EDUCAUSE Quarterly
Magazine, 33:1, 2010.