String Operations In ABAP
String Operations:
String is the variable length data type
Dynamic memory management is used internally i.e the memory allocation at the run
time according to the current field content
Note: we can’t declare the string variable through PARAMETER
PARAMETER p_name type String. Is not allowed because the system can’t understand
how big it is
Difference between the character and string:
Character String
Data: v1 type char50. Data:v1 type string.
V1 = ‘Career it’. V1 = ‘Career it’.
Here memory is always allocated for 50 Here memory is allocate for ‘Career it’
characters irrespective of number of only because always string size depends
characters should be stored currently on number of characters should be stored
currently
String operations:
CONCATENATE: to join more than one substring into one variable
Syntax:
CONCATENATE <String1> <string2>………<string N> into <str> separated by
<Separator>
Ex :
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report ZVISHNU_STRING_OPERATIONS
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT ZVISHNU_STRING_OPERATIONS NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.
*//declare varibles
data :str1 type string.
*//concatenating the strings
CONCATENATE 'Career it' 'Ammerpet' 'hyd' INTO str1 SEPARATED BY ','.
*//Displaying output
write:/ str1.
Output:
CONDENSER: replace the sequence of spaces into one space
Ex: CONDENSER ‘Career it’.
Result: Career it
Ex: CONDENSER ‘Career it’ NO-GAPS.
Result: Careerit
TRANSLATE: to translate to UPPER / LOWER case
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report ZVISHNU_STRING_OPERATIONS
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT ZVISHNU_STRING_OPERATIONS NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.
*//declare varibles
data :str1 type string.
* Assigning values to those variables
str1 = 'career it'.
*//Traslate the string into Uppercase
TRANSLATE str1 TO UPPER CASE.
*//Displaying output
write:/ str1.
REPLACE:
Syntax :
REPLACE <str1> with <str2> into <str>.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report ZVISHNU_STRING_OPERATIONS
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT ZVISHNU_STRING_OPERATIONS NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.
*//declare varibles
data :str1 type string,
str2 type string,
str3 TYPE string.
* Assigning values to those variables
str1 = 'c'.
str2 = 'i'.
str3 = 'Career it'.
*//Replacing the stings
REPLACE str2 WITH str1 INTO str3.
*//Displaying output
write:/ str3.
SPLIT: to split the main string into substrings at the given separator
SPLIT <String> AT <separator> into <str1> <str2>…….<str N>.
*//declare varibles
data :v_id TYPE char20,
v_name TYPE char20,
v_place TYPE char20,
v_city TYPE char20.
*//Calling the split
SPLIT 'c001, Careerit, ammerpet, hyd ' at ',' INTO v_id v_name v_place v_city.
*//Displaying output
write: v_id, v_name, V_place, v_city.
SHIFT: By default shift to left by one place
SHIFT <str> <LEFT/RIGHT/CIRCULAR> by <N> places. (N>0)
SHIFT <str> LEFT DELETING LEADING <CHAR>
SHIFT <str> RIGHT DELECTING TRAILING <CHAR>.
SEARCH: searches for the required main string in the main string
SEARCH <str> FOR <str1>.
SEARCH string1 FOR string2 STARTING AT position1 ENDING AT position 2.
- position1 and position2 are starting ending line of internal tables.
Comparing strings:
Operator Description
CO Contains only
CN Contains not only
CA Contains any
NA Contains not only
CS Contains String
NS Contains no String
CP Matches pattern
NP Does not Matches pattern
CO(Contains only):
IF <str1> CO <str2>.
Is TRUE if string1 contains only the characters from string2 the comparison is case
sensitive including spaces
If the comparison is true then the system field SY-FDPOS contains the length of string1
If it is false then SY-FDPOS contains the offset of the first character of string1 that does
not occur in string2
Examples:
• 'AABB' co 'AB' True
• 'ABCD' co 'ABC' False
• 'AABB' cn 'AB' False
• 'ABCD' cn 'ABC' True
• 'AXCZ' ca 'AB' True
• 'ABCD' ca 'XYZ' False
• 'AXCZ' na 'ABC' False
• 'ABCD' na 'XYZ' True
1) What is the ABAP code to find the last three characters of a string?
Sol:
data : lv_string type string.
SHIFT lv_string RIGHT CIRCULAR BY 3 PLACES.
WRITE lv_string(3).
String Template:
A string template is enclosed between two "|" characters and can only be specified in a string
expression of a Unicode program. A string template creates a character string that is used by the string
expression instead of the string templates. The characters of this character string consist of any
sequence of the following syntax elements of the string template
String expression
Formulation of an operation with character-like operands in a calculation expression
whose result is a character string.
Character String
String of alphanumeric characters. Content of a character-like data object. Also known as
a character sequence.
Unicode Program
A Unicode program is an ABAP program in which the Unicode checks are run and in
which certain statements involve different semantics from those that apply in non-
Unicode programs. A program of this kind usually returns the same results in a Unicode
system as in a non-Unicode system.
Literal text literal_text
Embedded expressions embedded_expressions
Control characters control_characters
A string template that starts with "|" must be closed with "|" within the same line of source code.
The only exceptions to this rule are line breaks in embedded expressions. There are, however, no
length restrictions on a string template. The literal operator & or the chaining operator && can
be used to join multiple string templates in a single string template. A string template can be
defined across multiple lines of source code and be given comments.
String Templates - Literal_text
Syntax
c...c
Effect
Within a string template |...|, a literal text c...c represents its exact character string. Literal text
consists of all characters in c that
are not enclosed in curly brackets { }
are not control characters
are not the special characters |, {, }, or \.
Blanks in string templates in particular are always significant. To display a special character |,
{, }, or \ as a literal character, it can be prefixed with the escape character \.
Example
The following string template displays the text "Characters |, {, and } have to be escaped by \ in
literal text.".
DATA txt TYPE string.
txt = |Characters \|, \{, and \} have to be escaped by \\ in literal text.|.
String Templates - embedded_expressions
Syntax : { expr [format_options] }
Effect : Within a string template, an opening and a closing curly bracket { ... } define a general
expression position expr in which
data objects,
calculation expressions,
constructor expressions,
table expressions,
predefined functions, or
functional methods and method chainings
can be specified in ABAP syntax. At least one blank must be included on the right of the opening
bracket and one the left of the closing bracket. An embedded expression must be complete within
the current string template. An embedded expression within the curly brackets is handled in
accordance with regular ABAP syntax:
Tokens must be separated by at least one blank or line break.
In other cases, blanks and line breaks between tokens are not significant.
No distinction is made between uppercase and lowercase letters.
Comments can be specified.
The data type of the expression must be an elementary data type and the value of the expression
must be character-like or be convertible to a string. When a string template is analyzed, the value
of each embedded expression is converted to a character string. The string is inserted in the
correct location. The string is formatted either using
predefined formats or
formatting options format_options.
The embedded expressions in a string template are analyzed from left to right. If function
methods are specified, they are executed during the analysis.
Notes
Unlike other syntax representations in the ABAP key word documentation, the curly
brackets are part of the syntax.
To display the curly brackets { and } in literal text in a string template, they must be
prefixed with the escape character \.
Curly brackets cannot be nested directly. If expr is itself a string expression, or contains a
string expression, then it can contain embedded expressions.
String functions with character-like return values are recommended when embedded
functions are specified.
Unlike arithmetic expressions and bit expressions, embedded functional methods are not
executed before the whole expression is analyzed. If an embedded functional method
modifies the value of data objects that are also used as embedded operands, the change
only affects data objects on the right of the method.
The delimiter characters "|" can be formatted in the new ABAP Editor by choosing Fonts
and Colors → Token operator to highlight them in the source code.
data object
Instance of a data type. Exists in the internal session of an ABAP program or as a shared
object in the shared memory. Is created either as a named, statically declared data object
(statement DATA and similar) when a program or procedure is loaded, or dynamically as
an anonymous data object at runtime (statement CREATE DATA or instance operator
NEW). In addition, the literals defined as part of the source code are also data objects.
The data type of a data object is always complete (not generic) and can be bound or
standalone. See also static data object and dynamic data object
Static data object
A data object for which all attributes, including memory consumption, are specified as
static by the data type. Apart from reference variables, all static data objects are flat.
Dynamic data object
Data object for which all properties apart from the memory consumption are statically
determined by the data type. Dynamic data objects are strings and internal tables, and are
counted as deep data objects. Structures that contain dynamic components are also
dynamic data objects. All other data objects, with the exception of boxed components are
static data objects. When dynamic data objects are accessed, value semantics apply.
Example
The string template in the method main uses embedded expressions to display the text "Hello
world!". The first embedded expression is the attribute attr of the class. The return value of the
method func is used in the second embedded expression. The third embedded expression is again
the attribute attr, whose value has been changed in the method func in the meantime. The second
embedded expression includes a line break and a comment.
CLASS demo DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
CLASS-METHODS: main,
func RETURNING value(p) TYPE string.
PRIVATE SECTION.
CLASS-DATA attr TYPE string VALUE `Hello`.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS demo IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD main.
DATA txt TYPE string.
txt = |{ attr }{ func( ) "a function
WIDTH = 6 ALIGN = RIGHT }{ attr }|.
MESSAGE txt TYPE 'I'.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD func.
p = `world`.
attr = '!'.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
START-OF-SELECTION.
demo=>main( ).
Embedded Expressions - format_options: (Standard SAP help)
[WIDTH = len]
[ALIGN = LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER|(val)]
[PAD = c]
[CASE = RAW|UPPER|LOWER|(val)]
[SIGN = LEFT|LEFTPLUS|LEFTSPACE|RIGHT|RIGHTPLUS|RIGHTSPACE|(val)]
[EXPONENT = exp]
[DECIMALS = dec]
[ZERO = YES|NO|(val)]
[XSD = YES|NO|(val)]
[STYLE = SIMPLE|SIGN_AS_POSTFIX|SCALE_PRESERVING
|SCIENTIFIC|SCIENTIFIC_WITH_LEADING_ZERO
|SCALE_PRESERVING_SCIENTIFIC|ENGINEERING
|(val)]
[CURRENCY = cur]
[NUMBER = RAW|USER|ENVIRONMENT|(val)]
[ALPHA = IN|OUT|RAW|(val)]
[DATE = RAW|ISO|USER|ENVIRONMENT|(val)]
[TIME = RAW|ISO|USER|ENVIRONMENT|(val)]
[TIMESTAMP = SPACE|ISO|USER|ENVIRONMENT|(val)]
[TIMEZONE = tz]
[COUNTRY = cty] ...
DATA: ts TYPE timestampl,
output TYPE string,
output1 TYPE string.
GET TIME STAMP FIELD ts.
output = |{ ts TIMESTAMP = ISO TIMEZONE = 'UTC ' }|.
WRITE / output.
output1 = |{ ts TIMESTAMP = ISO }|.
WRITE / output1.
DATA(result1) = |Hello World!|.
WRITE / result1.
data res TYPE string.
res = |{ RESULT1 CASE = UPPER }|.
WRITE / RES.
DATA(result2) = |Hello| && | | & |World| && |!|.
WRITE / result2.
DATA(result3) = |Hello| & "sub template 1
| | &
|World| & "sub template 3
* sub template 4:
|!|.
WRITE / result3.
Please find the standard function codes and the corresponding texts...
%ML Folder
%PC Local file...
%PC Local file...
%SC Find
%SC+ Find next
%SL Mail recipient
%SL Mail recipient
&ABC ABC analysis
&ABC ABC analysis
&ABC ABC analysis
&ALL Select all
&ALL Select all
&AQW Word processing...
&AQW Word processing...
&AUF Define totals dri...
&AUF Define drilldown...
&AUF Define totals drilldown...
&AVE Save...
&AVE Save layout...
&AVE Save layout...
&AVR Mean value
&CDF Unfreeze columns
&CFI Freeze to column
&CRB First column
&CRDESIG Crystal Reports D...
&CRDESIG Crystal Reports Designer
&CRE Last column
&CRL Column left
&CRR Column right
&CRTEMPL Crystal Reports file
&DATA_SAVE Save
&DAU Automatic separator
&DOF Separator always off
&DON Separator always on
&DQS Display Quality R...
&EB9 Call up report...
&ELP Help
&ERW Layout Managemen
&ERW Layout Management
&ETA Details
&F03 Back
&F12 Cancel
&F15 Exit
&F4 Possible entries
&GRAPH Graphic
&GRAPH Graphic
&IC1 Choose
&ILD Delete filter
&ILT Set filter
&ILT Set filter
&INFO Information
&KOM Choose...
&LFO List status...
&LFO List status...
&LIS Basic list
&MAX Maximum
&MIN Minimum
&NFO Selections...
&NTE Refresh
&OAD Choose...
&OAD Select layout...
&OAD Select layout...
&ODN Sort in descendin...
&ODN Sort in descending order
&OL0 Change layout...
&OLX Change...
&OMP Collapse
&OPT Optimize width
&OUP Sort in ascending...
&OUP Sort in ascending order
&REFRESH Refresh
&RNT Print
&RNT_PREV Print preview
&RNT_PREV Print preview
&SAL Deselect all
&SAL Deselect all
&SAL Deselect all
&SAV Save
&SUM Subtotals...
&SUM Subtotals...
&UMC Total
&UMC Total
&VCRYSTAL Crystal Reports
&VEXCEL Microsoft Excel
&VEXCEL Microsoft Excel
&VGRID SAP List Viewer
&XINT Extended storage ...
&XINT Extended storage of SAP Query
&XPA Expand
&XXL Spreadsheet...
&XXL Spreadsheet...
CARR REDETERMINE CARRIER
CREA CREATE ALLOCATION
DESELECT Deselect All
DSCT Deselect ALL
DSEL Deselect all
LEGEND Legend Details
LEGEND Legend Details
ONLI Online
P First page
P+ Next Page
P+ Next page
P++ Last Page
P++ Last page
P- Prev Page
P- Previous page
P First Page
P First page
PRINT F8 Create PDS
PRNT Create PDS
SALL Select all
SDEL Deselect All
SELA Select All
SELECT SELECT ALL
SLCT SELECT ALL
In TABLE VBPA (Customer partners data is available)
The filed PARVW IN VBPA STORES THE VALUES LIKE
AG, LF, WE, RE, SP, RG
E1EDKA1 PARVW Partner function (e.g. sold-to party, ship-to party, ...) AG Sold-to party
E1EDKA1 PARVW Partner function (e.g. sold-to party, ship-to party, ...) LF Vendor
E1EDKA1 PARVW Partner function (e.g. sold-to party, ship-to party, ...) WE Ship-to party
E1EDKA1 PARVW Partner function (e.g. sold-to party, ship-to party, ...) RE Bill-to party
E1EDKA1 PARVW Partner function (e.g. sold-to party, ship-to party, ...) SP Carrier
E1EDKA1 PARVW Partner function (e.g. sold-to party, ship-to party, ...) RG Payer
E1EDKA1 PARVW Partner function (e.g. sold-to party, ship-to party, ...) EK Buyer
E1EDKA1 PARVW Partner function (e.g. sold-to party, ship-to party, ...) ZM Responsible employee
E1EDKA1 PARVW Partner function (e.g. sold-to party, ship-to party, ...) VR Representative
E1EDKA1 PARVW Partner function (e.g. sold-to party, ship-to party, ...) CC SPEC2000 customer code
E1EDKA1 PARVW Partner function (e.g. sold-to party, ship-to party, ...) BE Beneficiary
E1EDKA1 PARVW Partner function (e.g. sold-to party, ship-to party, ...) PA Partner for debit memo/direct
debit/bank collection
E1EDKA1 PARVW Partner function (e.g. sold-to party, ship-to party, ...) BA Bank sold-to party
E1EDKA1 PARVW Partner function (e.g. sold-to party, ship-to party, ...) BB Bank beneficiary/partner for
debit memo
E1EDKA1 PARVW Partner function (e.g. sold-to party, ship-to party, ...) RS Invoicing party
E1EDKA1 PARVW Partner function (e.g. sold-to party, ship-to party, ...) ME Declarant
E1EDKA1 PARTN Partner number
