2/17/2020
PRODUCTION METHODS
Outline
Type of production methods
• Job production
• Mass production
• Batch production
Learning Objectives
6-2
• Explain the strategic importance of process
selection.
• Explain the influence that process selection has
on an organization.
• Describe the basic processing types.
1
2/17/2020
Production Method
1. Job Shop
- A type of process used to make a one at a time product
exactly to customer specification
2. Mass
- A type of process that operates continually to produce a
high volume of a fully standardized product
3. Batch
- A type of process used to produce a small quantity of
products in groups or batches based on customer order or
specifications
Job production
A type of process used to make a one at a time
product exactly to customer specification
Job production is most often associated with small
firms
Examples include:
•Furniture maker
•Building a new factory
•Installing machinery in a factory
2
2/17/2020
There are a number of features that should be implemented in a job production
environment, they include:
i. Clear definitions of objectives should be set.
ii. Clearly outlined decision making process.
ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
High Quality Slow processing time
Customization, Customer Required high level skills
oriented
Flexible – can change design, High cost per unit
order
Workers easily motivated due to Complex planning & scheduling
high labour skills
Mass Production
- also called flow production, repetitive flow production, series
production, or serial production
• A type of process that operates continually to
produce a high volume of a fully standardized
product
- Example: applied to various kinds of products, from fluids and
particles handled in bulk (food, fuel, chemicals, and mined
minerals) to discrete solid parts (fasteners) to assemblies of such
parts (household appliances and automobiles).
3
2/17/2020
ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
Low flexibility -difficult to alter
High volume a design or production
Same tool to perform identical or process after a production
near-identical operations line is implemented.
(improve productivity)
probability of human error and all products produced on one
variation is also reduced - production line will be identical
carried out by machinery. or very similar
Reduction cost – labour, tools - High cost of downtime – line
Usually automated stop
Low unit cost
Low labour skills
Batch production
A type of process used to produce a small quantity of products
in groups or batches based on customer order or specifications
-all components are completed at a workstation before they
move to the next one.
- for factory that makes seasonal items or products for which it is
difficult to forecast demand.
Examples:
Bakery
In manufacture of sports shoes, pharmaceutical ingredients, inks,
paints and adhesives.
4
2/17/2020
ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
reduce initial capital outlay Downtime – to change die,
(investment) because a single machine for each new batch
production line can be used to
produce several products
can be useful for small businesses equipment must be stopped,
– reduce total loss if found in re-configured, and its output
poor quality(just throw out the tested
batch)
Flexible – can change easily moderate cost per unit,
Moderate volume moderate scheduling
Moderate labour skills complexity
Product and Service Processes
Low Volume High
Process Type
Job Shop Appliance repair Ineffective
Emergency room
Batch Commercial
baking
Classroom
lecture
Repetitive Automotive
assembly
Automatic
carwash
Continuous Ineffective Steel production
Water purification
(flow)
10
5
2/17/2020
Assignments
1. Describe batch process and explain two advantages and
disadvantages of this process. (5 marks)
2. Define mass production. State two advantages of mass
production. (3 marks)
3. Compare the characteristics of job and mass production in
term of price per unit, labor skills and processing time. (3
marks)
4. State at least 3 disadvantages of job shop. (3 marks)
11
JOB MASS
Price per unit
Labour skills
Processing time
Flexibility
Volume
Downtime
Good/Service
Variety
12
