University of Engineering and Technology,
Peshawar, Pakistan
CSE 102: Computer Programming
Lecture 1
Introduction
By;
Dr. Muhammad Athar Javed Sethi
Course Information
Course Code: CSE-102
Course Name: Computer Programming
Course Credit Hours: 3
Course Group Address:
https://classroom.google.com/u/0/c/NjE1N
zM1NTU0MTda
Class Code: n6ep54h
Why Programming Language?
Computer only understands machine
language
Consists of 1s and 0s
1001011100001000
Initially all computers were
programmed using machine language
Difficult and cumbersome
Only small programs can be written
MEMORY ORGANIZATION
10001000100101
DATA
DATA 01001010101010
CPU
11100101010101
10101000011001
PROGRAM
INSTRUCTION
MEMORY
LOW AND HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING
Lowest Level: Machine Codes
Directly process able, written in binary:
10001011 01100111 10011011 11000111
Hard to „read‟, slow to create, fast to
run.
LOW AND HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING
Next lowest level: Assembler
Mnemonics directly represent machine
code, Symbolic, :
mov A, 90h;
inc A;
jnz loop;
Human readable, slow to create, fast to run,
processor specific.
LOW AND HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING
High level: Pascal, ‘C’, Fortran,
‘C++’/Java etc
One statement is equivalent of many
machine code operations.
Human understandable, fast to write.
High-Level Language
10100110 01110110
#include <iostream> 00100110 00000000
11111010 11111010
int main() 01001110 10100110
{ 11100110 10010110
std::cout<<“HelloWorld”; 11001110 00101110
return 0; 10100110 01001110
11111010 01100110
}
01001110 10000110
etc...
Source code Executable code
Compilers and linkers translate a
high level program into executable
machine code.
++
Structure of C++ Program
C++ program consists of three main parts;
Preprocessor Directives.
Start with “#”
The main( ) function.
C++ statements. C++ Program:
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::cout<<“Hello World!”;
return 0;
}
Basic Structure of a C++ Program
Example: Hello World
C++ Program:
#include <iostream>
int main()
output “Hello World!” {
std::cout<<“Hello World!”;
return 0;
}
Basic Structure of a C++ Program (cont)
Example: Hello world
C++ Program:
#include <iostream>
Includes standard int main()
input/output library of {
std::cout<<“Hello World!”;
procedures.
return 0;
Read: “Hash-include” }
Basic Structure of a C++ Program (cont)
Example: Hello world
C++ Program:
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::cout<<“Hello World!”;
return 0;
every C++ program must }
have a main
Basic Structure of a C++ Program
Example: Hello World
C++ Program:
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
Curly braces mark the std::cout<<“Hello World”;
beginning and end of a return 0;
block of instructions. }
Basic Structure of a C++ Program
Example: Hello World
C++ Program:
#include <iostream>
Instruction (function call) int main()
to output “Hello World” {
std::cout<<“Hello World”;
return 0;
}
Basic Structure of a C++ Program
“Statements” (lines of
instructions) always end
Example: Hello World with a semi-colon (;)
C++ Program:
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::cout<<“Hello World”;
return 0;
}
C and C++
Traditionally C programs use the file
extension .C and C++ programs the
extension .CPP
C is essentially a subset of C++, so you
could use a C++ compiler to run a C
program. The two languages are
extremely similar.
In the labs we will be using a
Code::Blocks software (codeblocks-
16.01mingw-setup.exe).
https://sourceforge.net/projects/codeblocks/files/Binaries/16.01/Windows/
Some Programmer Jargon
Some words that will be used a lot:
Source code: The stuff you type into the
computer. The program you are writing.
Compile (build): Taking source code and
making a program that the computer can
understand.
Executable: The compiled program that the
computer can run.
Library: Added functions for C++.
programming to do certain tasks.
Header file: Files ending in .h which are
included at the start of source code.
