Lecture 4
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Lect 4
Performance
of a
basic Jet engine
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect 4
Simple single spool turbojet engine
Single shaft
Axial Compressor Comb. Chamber Turbine Nozzle
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect 4
Single Spool Turbojet Engine
COMBUSTION
CENTRIFUGAL CHAMBER
JET
EXHAUST
INJECTOR
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect 4
Single Spool Turbojet Engine with Reheat
Jet Pipe C-D Nozzle
Cold
Air Reheat
zone
Flame Holders
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect 4
Consider the Thrust Equation
Fn= m
.Ve - m
.Va + Ae.(Pe- Pa)
• By Reheating it is intended to increase magnitude
of the exit velocity Ve by employing Convergent-
Divergent nozzle which can produce supersonic exit
velocity
• Increased Ve would decrease Pe and take it below Pa
• This would result in a negative pressure thrust
• Hence, it is necessary that a reheat engine has
sufficient pressure after the turbine to create high
velocity jet. For this a larger compressor is required.
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect 4
Compressors 9 stages Jet Pipe Nozzle system
A modern afterburning very low bypass turbofan engine
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect 4
Thrust of a basic turbojet engine (momentum thrust)
Fn=(m
a+ m
f)Ve-m
a.Va
Where, m
a is the air mass flow
through the engine
m f is the fuel mass flow injected
in to the engine
Ve , Va are the air velocity into the
engine and the same exiting
the engine
Ve is dependant on ηenergy
Ve is also dependant on ηpropulsive
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect 4
Thrust of a reheat turbojet engine (momentum thrust)
a+ m
Fn=(m f-CC+ m
f-Rht)Ve- m
a.Va
Where m
f-Reheat is the fuel input during
the reheat or afterburning
process
Ve is dependant on ηenergy ,
and ηpropulsive
Hence unless the fuel is burn efficiently and
then energy is converted efficiently to Ve
thrust production will not be efficient
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect 4
The overall engine efficiencies are given by
η m .Va .( Ve − Va ) η η
O = = p. e
m f .Q
fuel
η m .Va .( Ve − Va ) η η
O - reheat =
= p - AB . e - AB
[m f -cc + mf -rht ].Q fuel
Specific fuel consumptions m f −cc
SFC =
Fn
m f −cc + m f − rht
SFCReheat =
Fn − reheat
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect 4
• For jet engines with reheat or afterburning, the
fuel consumption would be quite high, and SFC
would show up as high value.
• In such operation sheer thrust requirement
outweighs the high SFC.
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect 4
M=1.0
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect 4
Thrust of a bypass engine
Fn=[(m f)Ve-hot-m
a+ m a.Va]hot-jet
+ m
a-bypass [Ve-bypass– Va]
SFC of a bypass engine
m f −cc
SFC =
Fn−hot + Fn−cold
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect 4
Overall Efficiency of Bypass Jet engine
η m
.Va .( Ve − Va ) η η
O = = p. e
m
f .Q fuel
Exhaust Jet waste
mhot .( V e -hot − Va ) + mcold .( V e -bypass − Va )
2
2
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect 4
Propulsive Efficiency of the bypass jet engine
[m
a .V a .( V e − Va ) ]
hot + [m
a .V a .( V e − Va ) ]
bypass
η =
p m
hot ] + ma -bypass [V a .( V e − Va ) ] bypass +
a - core .[Va .( V e − Va )
2 2
( Ve -hot − Va ) ( Ve - cold − Va )
m
a - core + m a-bypass
2 2
2
m
.V +m .V
a - hot e - hot a - bypass e - bypass
= where, V =
Ve e - average m +m
− average a - hot a - bypass
1+
Va
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect 4
Single Spool Turbofan engine
Cold Bypass
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect 4
Next class :
Multi-spool Turbojet and Turbofan engines
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
