IPS-G-ME-160(2)

FOREWORD ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﺎر‬

The Iranian Petroleum Standards (IPS) reflect the ‫( ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه دﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬IPS) ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
views of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum and ‫وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻔﺖ‬
are intended for use in the oil and gas production
،‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ و ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬،‫و ﮔﺎز‬
facilities, oil refineries, chemical and
petrochemical plants, gas handling and processing ‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و ﻓﺮاورش ﮔﺎز و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬
installations and other such facilities. .‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
IPS is based on internationally acceptable ‫ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
standards and includes selections from the items ‫ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺰﻳﺪهﻫﺎﺋﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
stipulated in the referenced standards. They are
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎت ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻛﺸﻮر‬.‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
also supplemented by additional requirements
and/or modifications based on the experience ‫ ﻣﻮاردي‬،‫و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻻ از ﺑﺎزار داﺧﻠﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻴﺎز‬
acquired by the Iranian Petroleum Industry and .‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ اﺻﻼﺣﻲ در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
the local market availability. The options which
are not specified in the text of the standards are ‫ﻣﻮاردي از ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ آورده ﻧﺸﺪه‬
itemized in data sheet/s, so that, the user can ‫اﺳﺖ در داده ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺷﻤﺎره ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
select his appropriate preferences therein.
.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
The IPS standards are therefore expected to be ‫ ﺑﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﺪه‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
sufficiently flexible so that the users can adapt .‫اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
these standards to their requirements. However,
they may not cover every requirement of each ‫ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪيﻫﺎي ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ را ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
project. For such cases, an addendum to IPS ‫ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص‬.‫ﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪ‬
Standard shall be prepared by the user which
‫ اﻳﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪ‬.‫آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
elaborates the particular requirements of the user.
This addendum together with the relevant IPS ‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ آن ﭘﺮوژه و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎر‬،‫ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
shall form the job specification for the specific .‫ﺧﺎص را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داد‬
project or work.
The IPS is reviewed and up-dated approximately ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻫﺮ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎل ﻳﻜﺒﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار‬
every five years. Each standards are subject to
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و روزآﻣﺪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
amendment or withdrawal, if required, thus the
latest edition of IPS shall be applicable ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردي ﺣﺬف و ﻳﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﺑﻪ آن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ‬
.‫ﻫﻤﻮاره آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The users of IPS are therefore requested to send ‫ درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎ و‬،‫از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
their views and comments, including any ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات اﺻﻼﺣﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮارد‬
addendum prepared for particular cases to the
following address. These comments and ‫ ﻧﻈﺮات و‬.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ارﺳﺎل ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺧﺎص ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدهاﻧﺪ‬
recommendations will be reviewed by the relevant ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ در ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و در‬
technical committee and in case of approval will ‫ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ در ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬
be incorporated in the next revision of the
standard. .‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
Standards and Research department ‫ ﻛﻮﭼﻪ‬،‫ ﺧﺮدﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬،‫ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﻛﺮﻳﻤﺨﺎن زﻧﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮان‬،‫اﻳﺮان‬
No.19, Street14, North kheradmand 19 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ﭼﻬﺎردﻫﻢ‬
Karimkhan Avenue, Tehran, Iran. ‫اداره ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬
Postal Code- 1585886851 1585886851 : ‫ﻛﺪﭘﺴﺘﻲ‬
Tel: 88810459-60 & 66153055 66153055 ‫ و‬88810459 - 60 : ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬
Fax: 88810462 021-88810462 : ‫دور ﻧﮕﺎر‬
Email: [email protected] [email protected] :‫ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ‬
GENERAL DEFINITIONS: :‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
Throughout this Standard the following .‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
definitions shall apply.

COMPANY: :‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬
Refers to one of the related and/or affiliated ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ‬
companies of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum ‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ‬،‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﮔﺎز اﻳﺮان‬،‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
such as National Iranian Oil Company, National
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ و ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ و ﭘﺨﺶ ﻓﺮآوردهﻫﺎي‬
Iranian Gas Company, National Petrochemical
Company and National Iranian Oil Refinery And .‫ﻧﻔﺘﻲ اﻃﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
Distribution Company.

PURCHASER: :‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬
Means the "Company" where this standard is a ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ "ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ" ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﺳﻔﺎرش‬
part of direct purchaser order by the “Company”, ‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ آن ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ‬
and the “Contractor” where this Standard is a part .‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﻗﺮارداد آن اﺳﺖ‬
of contract documents.

VENDOR AND SUPPLIER: :‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه و ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬

Refers to firm or person who will supply and/or ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎي‬
fabricate the equipment or material. .‫ﻣﻮرد ﻟﺰوم ﺻﻨﻌﺖ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
CONTRACTOR: :‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر‬
Refers to the persons, firm or company whose ‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدش‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
tender has been accepted by the company. .‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺼﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
EXECUTOR: :‫ﻣﺠﺮي‬
Executor is the party which carries out all or part of ‫ﻣﺠﺮي ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ اﻃﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي‬
construction and/or commissioning for the project. .‫اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ و ﻳﺎ راه اﻧﺪازي ﭘﺮوژه را اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‬
INSPECTOR: :‫ﺑﺎزرس‬
The Inspector referred to in this Standard is a ‫ﮔﺮوه ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪاي اﻃﻼق‬/‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎزرس ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد‬
person/persons or a body appointed in writing by ‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻧﺼﺐ‬،‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺒﺎً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ‬
the company for the inspection of fabrication and
.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
installation work
SHALL: :‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
Is used where a provision is mandatory.
.‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺟﺒﺎري اﺳﺖ‬
SHOULD:
Is used where a provision is advisory only. :‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬
.‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮورت اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
WILL: :‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‬
Is normally used in connection with the action by ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
the “Company” rather than by a contractor, .‫ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
supplier or vendor.

MAY: :‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬

Is used where a provision is completely .‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺧﺘﻴﺎري ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
discretionary.
 IPS-G-ME-160(2)

0 GENERAL STANDARD
FOR
WATER COOLING TOWERS

SECOND REVISION
OCTOBER 2009

‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ و ﻛــﺎﻻ‬

‫ﺑﺮاي‬

‫ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬

‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ دوم‬
1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬

This Standard is the property of Iranian Ministry of ‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺣﻘﻮق آن ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ‬.‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ‬
Petroleum. All rights are reserved to the owner. Neither ‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ آن ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
whole nor any part of this document maybe disclosed to any ،‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬،‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬،‫از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
third party, reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior .‫ﻳﺎ روش دﻳﮕﺮي در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻓﺮاد ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
written consent of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum.
 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)

CONTENTS: Page :‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬

No.
1. SCOPE................................................................ 4
4 ..................................................... ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
2. REFERENCES .................................................. 4
4 ............................................................. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
3. CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS............... 6
6 ............................................... ‫ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮت در اﺳﻨﺎد‬-3
4. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY ......... 7
7 ................................................ ‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و واژﮔﺎن‬-4
4.1 Service Conditions ....................................... 7
7 .......................................... ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي‬1-4
5. UNITS ................................................................. 7
7 ............................................................ ‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-5
PART 1 ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬1 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
6. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ............................ 8
8 ..................................................‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬-6
6.1 Parameters Involved in the Design of the
Cooling Towers.............................................. 8
‫ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي درﮔﻴﺮ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي‬1-6
8 ................................................ ‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
6.2 General Thermal Design ............................. 8
8 ................................. ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬2-6

6.3 Water Quality Requirements...................... 10

10 ....................................... ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ آب‬3-6
6.4 Water Losses ................................................ 11
11 ................................................... ‫ اﺗﻼف آب‬4-6
6.5 Water Distribution Systems........................ 11
11 ................................... ‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب‬5-6
6.6 Winter Operation Design Requirements ... 13
13 .................... ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻛﺎرﻛﺮد زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬6-6

6.7 Water Basin Design ..................................... 18

18 ..................................... ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب‬7-6
6.8 Sitting, Orientation, Spacing and
Environmental Considerations .................... 21
‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬،‫ ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬8-6
21 ........................................... ‫زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
6.9 Mechanical and Electrical Equipment....... 25
25 ....................... ‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ و ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬9-6
6.10 Safety Provisions........................................ 31
31 ............................................. ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬10-6

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6.11 Special Requirements ................................ 33
33 .............................................. ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺧﺎص‬11-6
6.12 Performance Tests ..................................... 35
35 .................................... ‫ آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد‬12-6
6.13 Warranties and Guarantees...................... 35
35 ................................... ‫ ﺗﻌﻬﺪات و ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺎ‬13-6
PART 2 MATERIALS
‫ ﻣﻮاد‬2 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
7. PURPOSE AND GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS............................................. 36
36 ......................................... ‫ﻫﺪف و اﻟﺰﻣﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬-7
8. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION ............. 36
36 ...................................................... ‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬-8
8.1 Basin.............................................................. 37
37 ..................................................... ‫ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬1-8
8.2 Basin Sump................................................... 37
37 ............................................‫ ﭼﺎﻻب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬2-8
8.3 Cooling Tower Framework (Structure)..... 37
37 .....................(‫ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه )ﺳﺎزه‬3-8
8.4 Casing ........................................................... 38
38 ....................................................... ‫ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬4-8
8.5 Splash Type Packings .................................. 38
38 ................................. ‫ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮع ﭼﻜﻪ اي‬5-8
8.6 Film Type Packings ..................................... 38
38 ................................. ‫ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮع ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ‬6-8
8.7 Spray Nozzles ............................................... 38
38 ................................................. ‫ اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ‬7-8
8.8 Louvers ......................................................... 38
38 .................................................... ‫ ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬8-8
8.9 Drift Eliminators.......................................... 39
39 ........................... ‫ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬9-8
8.10 Blade of Axial Flow Type Fans................. 39
39 ..........................‫ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺤﻮري‬10-8
8.11 Blade of Centrifugal Flow type Fans........ 39
39 ............................ ‫ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬11-8
8.12 Fan Hub ...................................................... 39
39 ........................................... ‫ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ‬12-8
8.13 Fan Deck ..................................................... 39
39 ................................................ ‫ ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ‬13-8

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 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)
8.14 Fan Stack (Cylinder) ................................. 40
40 .................................. (‫ دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ )اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ‬14-8
8.15 Fan Shaft, Discs, Flexible Coupling,
and Bolting.................................................. 40
‫ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ‬، ‫ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ دﻳﺴﻚ ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ‬15-8
40 ........................... ‫اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ و ﭘﻴﭻ و ﻣﻬﺮه‬
8.16 Hardware (Bolts, Nuts, Washers, Nails,
Lag Screws and Washers).......................... 40
، ‫ ﻣﻴﺦ ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ واﺷﺮﻫﺎ‬، ‫ ﻣﻬﺮه ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ ﺳﺨﺖ اﻓﺰار )ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ‬16 -8
40 ....................... (‫ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻴﻤﻪ رزوه و واﺷﺮﻫﺎ‬
8.17 Supports and Guards for Mechanical
Equipment, Electric Motor Support,
Ladders, Safety Cages and Gratings ......... 40
، ‫ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و ﺣﻔﺎظ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬17-8
‫ ﺣﻔﺎظ ﻫﺎي‬، ‫ ﻧﺮدﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻗﻲ‬
40 ........................ ‫اﻳﻤﻨﻲ و ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻒ ﭘﻮش‬
8.18 Packings Supports and Hangers............... 41
41 ................. ‫ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و ﮔﻴﺮه ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ‬18-8
8.19 Tower Supports.......................................... 41
41 .................................... ‫ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮج‬19-8
8.20 Risers, Manifolds, Reducers and
Distributors................................................. 41
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ و‬، ‫ ﭼﻨﺪ راﻫﻪ ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ‬20-8
41 .......................................... ‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬
8.21 Risers and Trash Racks Including
Frame .......................................................... 41
41 ........ ‫ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و آﺷﻐﺎل ﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ‬21-8
8.22 Gear (Speed Reducer) Casing................... 41
41 ............... (‫ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه )ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬22-8
APPENDICES:
:‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ‬
APPENDIX A INFORMATION TO
BE PROVIDED BY THE
PURCHASER ............................... 42
42 ...... ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ اﻟﻒ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار آﻣﺎده ﮔﺮدد‬
APPENDIX B INFORMATION TO
BE PROVIDED BY VENDOR.... 47
47 . ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ب اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
APPENDIX C CONSIDERATION ON SOME
FACTORS AFFECTING
RECIRCULATION ...................... 53
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ج ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺗﻲ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ‬
53 ............................................ ‫ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬

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 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)

1. SCOPE ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1

This Standard specification covers the ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ‬
minimum requirements for the water cooling ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻛﻪ در ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ و ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎت ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬
towers, where is applicable in the refineries and
‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ‬.‫وﻳﮋه ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ را ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‬
petrochemical plants with their specific service
conditions. This standard is included in two :‫ﺑﺮ دو ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺸﺮح ذﻳﻞ اﺳﺖ‬
parts as follow:
Part 1: Engineering requirements with ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن و‬:1 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
exception of civil and structural engineering .‫ﺳﺎزه‬
matters.
Part 2: Material of different parts and relevant .‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و اﺟﺰاء ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬:2 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
components.

Note 1: :1 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
This is a revised version of the standard ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ در ﻓﺮوردﻳﻦ ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
specification by the relevant technical ‫ از اﻳﻦ‬.‫( ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬1) ‫ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬1385
committee on Mar. 2006, which is issued as
.‫( اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد داراي اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬0) ‫ﭘﺲ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
revision (1). Revision (0) of the said standard
specification is withdrawn.

Note 2: :2 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
This bilingual standard is a revised version of ‫ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻓﻮق‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد دو زﺑﺎﻧﻪ‬
the standard specification by the relevant ‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬1388‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در آﺑﺎن ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
technical committee on October 2009, which is
‫ از اﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬.‫( اراﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‬2) ‫ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
issued as revision (2). Revision (1) of the said
standard specification is withdrawn. .‫( اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﺴﻮخ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬1)

Note 3: :3 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
In case of conflict between Farsi and English ‫ ﻣﺘﻦ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬،‫در ﺻﻮرت اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ و اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬
languages, English language shall govern. .‫ﻣﻼك ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
2. REFERENCES ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
Throughout this Standard the following dated ‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار و ﺑﺪون‬
and undated standards/codes are referred to. ‫ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ‬،‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬.‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ زﻳﺮ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
These referenced documents shall, to the extent
‫ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ‬
specified herein, form a part of this standard.
For dated references, the edition cited applies. ‫ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻼك‬،‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار‬.‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
The applicability of changes in dated references ،‫ﺑﻮده و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ در آﻧﻬﺎ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
that occur after the cited date shall be mutually
agreed upon by the Company and the Vendor. ‫ در‬.‫ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ و ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
For undated references, the latest edition of the ‫ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻧﻀﻤﺎم ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﺻﻼﺣﺎت‬،‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬
referenced documents (including any
.‫و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎي آن ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
supplements and amendments) applies.

BSI(BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION) (‫ )ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬BSI

BS 4235: Part 1 "Specification for ‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺎرﻫﺎ‬ BS 4235: Part 1
Metric Keys and ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ و ﺟﺎ ﺧﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮازي و‬
Keyways Parallel
"‫ﺧﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻲ‬
and Taper Keys"

4
 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)
BS 4485: Part 2 (1988) "Water Cooling :‫ "ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬BS 4485: Part 2(1988)
Towers : Method for "‫روش آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي‬
Performance
Testing"

BS 4485: Part 3(1988) "Water Cooling ‫ "ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬BS 4485 Part 3(1988)
Towers (Code of ‫)آﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
Practice for Thermal
"(‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي‬
and Functional
Design)"

BS 4485: Part 4(1996) "Water Cooling ‫ "ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬BS 4485 Part 4(1996)
Towers, Code of ‫)آﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
Practice for
"(‫ﺳﺎزه و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
Structural Design
and Construction"

BS / ISO 281 "Specification for ‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻏﻠﺘﺸﻲ‬ BS/ISO 281
Rolling Bearings- ‫ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ و‬
Dynamic Load
"‫ﻣﻴﺰان ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ‬
Ratings and Rating
Life"

CTI (COOLING TOWER INSTITUTE) (‫ )ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬CTI

CTI Bulletin WMS-112 "Pressure ‫ "ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﭼﻮﺑﻬﺎ و اﻟﻮار‬CTI Bulletin WMS-112
Preservation of ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬
Lumber for
"‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬
Industrial Water
Cooling Towers"

CTI Bulletin NCL-109 "Nomenclature for ‫ "ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ واژهﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي‬CTI Bulletin NCL 109
Industrial Water "‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬
Cooling Towers"

CTI Bulletin ATC-105 "The Design of ‫ " ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬CTI Bulletin ATC-105
Cooling Towers with ‫آب ﺑﺎ اﻟﻮارﻫﺎي از ﻧﻮع داﮔﻼس‬
Douglas FIR
" ‫ﻓﻴﺮ‬
Lumbers"
" ‫ "ﭼﻮب داﮔﻼس ﻓﻴﺮ‬CTI Bulletin STD-114
CTI Bulletin STD-114" Douglas FIR Wood"

AGMA (AMERICAN GEAR (‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﭼﺮخ دﻧﺪه اﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬AGMA

MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION)
"Gear Specifications" "‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﭼﺮخدﻧﺪه‬
IPS(IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS) (‫ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬IPS

IPS-E-GN-100 "Engineering Standard for "‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي واﺣﺪ ﻫﺎ‬IPS-E-GN-100
Units"

IPS-E-TP-100 "Engineering Standard for "‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي رﻧﮓ‬IPS-E-TP-100

Paint"

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 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)
IPS-M-PM-230 "Material and Equipment ‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮاد و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي‬IPS-M-PM-230
Standard for Special "‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ در ﻣﺼﺎرف ﺧﺎص‬
Purpose Centrifugal Fans"

IPS-M-PM-235 "Material and Equipment ‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮاد و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي‬IPS-M-PM-235

Standard for General "‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ در ﻣﺼﺎرف ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
Purpose Centrifugal Fans"

IPS-E-SF-400 "Engineering Standard for ،‫ ﻧﺮدﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ‬،‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﭘﻠﻜﺎن ﻫﺎ‬ IPS-E-SF-400
Industrial Stairs, Ladders, "‫ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎ و دارﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬
Platforms & Scaffolds"

IPS-E-SF-880 "Engineering Standard for "‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ آب‬ IPS-E-SF-880
Water Pollution Control"

IPS-G-SF-900 "General Standard for Noise ‫ " اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﺮ و ﺻﺪا و‬IPS-G-SF-900
Control and Vibration " "‫ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت‬

IPS-M-EL-132 "Material and Equipment ‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮاد و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎي‬IPS-M-EL-132

Standard for Medium and "‫اﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي وﻟﺘﺎژ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﺑﺎﻻ‬
High Voltage Induction
Motors"

IPS-E-PR-755 "Engineering Standard for ‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬IPS-E-PR-755

Process Design of Fans and " ‫ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪي ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ و دﻣﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬
Blowers "

IPS-E-PR-790 "Engineering Standard for ‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬IPS-E-PR-790

Process Design of Cooling "‫ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
Towers "

IPS-E-EL-110 "Engineering Standard for ‫ " اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺪوده‬IPS E-EL-110
Hazardous Area " "‫ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك‬

NFPA (NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION (‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ آﺗﺶ‬NFPA

ASSOCIATION)
NFP A 214 "Standard on Water-cooling "‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬ NFP A 214
Towers"

ASTM(AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR (‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ آزﻣﻮن و ﻣﻮاد آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ASTM

TESTING AND MATERIALS)
ASTM E 84 (2003) "Standard Test Method ‫ " روش آزﻣﻮن اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي‬ASTM E 84(2003)
for Surface Burning
Characteristics of
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
Building Materials" "‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬
1 3. CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS ‫ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮت در اﺳﻨﺎد‬-3
In case of conflict between documents relating ‫در ﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد اﺧﺘﻼف و ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺾ در اﺳﻨﺎد و ﻣﺪارك ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ‬
to the enquiry or order, the following priority of ‫ اﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺪارك ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫اﺳﺘﻌﻼم ﻳﺎ ﺳﻔﺎرش ﺧﺮﻳﺪ‬
documents shall apply:
:‫ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
- First Priority: Purchase order and .‫ ﺳﻔﺎرش ﺧﺮﻳﺪ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات آن‬: ‫ اوﻟﻮﻳﺖ اول‬-
variations thereto.

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 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)
- Second Priority: Data sheets and .‫ داده ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ‬: ‫ اوﻟﻮﻳﺖ دوم‬-
drawings.

- Third Priority: This Standard. .‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬: ‫ اوﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺳﻮم‬-

All conflicting requirements shall be referred to

2
‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮت ﻫﺎ در اﺳﻨﺎد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﺘﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ارﺟﺎع داده‬
the purchaser in writing the purchaser will issue ‫ ﻣﺪارك‬،‫ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي روﺷﻦ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
conforming documentation if needed for
.‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪي را ﺻﺎدر ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﻛﺮد‬
clarification.

4. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY ‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و واژﮔﺎن‬-4

For the purpose of this Standard definitions and ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و واژﮔﺎن اراﺋﻪ‬
terminology given in BS 4485 Part 2&3 and CTI Bulletin ‫ و‬BS 4485 Part 2&3‫ﺷﺪه در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
CTI Bulletin NCL-109 shall be used.
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬NCL-109
4.1 Service Conditions ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي‬1-4
This Standard is prepared to be used for the ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺮاي اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ‬
technical requirements of the water cooling ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب در ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ و واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺎص‬
towers in the refineries and petrochemical
.‫ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
plants with their specific service conditions.

5. UNITS ‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-5
This standard is based on International System ‫ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ‬،(SI) ‫ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
of Units (SI), as per IPS-E-GN-100 except ‫ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬،‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬IPS-E-GN-100 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
where otherwise specified.
.‫ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪ دﻳﮕﺮي اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

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PART 1 1 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS ‫اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬

6. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬-6

The matters described in this Part of standard ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎﺗﻲ‬
are the minimum requirements which shall be ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
considered in the design of water cooling
.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
towers.

6.1 Parameters Involved in the Design of the ‫ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي درﮔﻴﺮ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬1-6
Cooling Towers
The parameters involved in the design of the ‫ در اﻳﻦ‬،‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي درﮔﻴﺮ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬
water cooling towers are described in this
‫ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد و در ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي اﻟﻒ و ب آن ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬
Standard and those included in the Appendices
"A" and "B" of this Standard. Appendix "A" .‫اﻟﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
shall be filled up by purchaser and provided to ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه و ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﺪارك‬
the Vendor and Appendix "B" shall be filled up
by Vendor and submitted to purchaser along .‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار اراﺋﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
with other documents.

6.2 General Thermal Design ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬2-6

6.2.1 Thermal design principles ‫ اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬1-2-6

Clause 3 of standard BS 4485: Part 3: 1988 ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد‬1988 ‫ ﺳﺎل‬BS 4485 ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3 ‫ از ﺑﺨﺶ‬3 ‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬
shall be considered. .‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
6.2.2 Type of packings ‫ ﻧﻮع ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬2-2-6
All requirements having effect on the selected ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻮع ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
type of packings shall be reviewed by Vendor ‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ و ﻳﻚ ﮔﺰارش‬
considering the followings and a report shall be
.‫از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار اراﺋﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
submitted to the purchaser:

a) Packing assembly ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﻛﺮدن ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ‬

Individual packing assemblies shall be ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﺮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ و ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬
removable and designed to prevent ‫داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ و ﺗﺎب‬
movement or sagging. If splash type
‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﭘﺮ ﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ از ﻧﻮع ﭼﻜﻪ اي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه‬.‫ﺑﺮﻧﺪارﻧﺪ‬
packings are selected, provisions shall be
made by Vendor for horizontal installation. ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺼﺐ اﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
b) Optimum design requirements ‫ب(اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‬
The type of packings shall be selected to ‫ﻧﻮع ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
provide the optimum design requirements. ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي‬.‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
These optimum design requirements and the
.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد‬
parameters to determine them shall be
specified by Vendor.

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c) Analysis and temperature of water ‫ج( آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ و درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت آب‬
The Vendor shall study the design ‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه را ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬
requirements of cooling tower and propose
the required procedures for water filtration ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ و دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ ﺻﺎف ﻛﺮدن ﻳﺎ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ‬
or treatment, make up water required and
selected type of packings based on
‫ آب ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻮع ﭘﺮﻛﻦ را ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬،‫آب‬
economical and technical evaluation of ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻧﻮع‬
different systems to justify the selected type
of packings. .‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬

d) Type of cooling tower and its duty ‫د( اﻧﻮاع ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و وﻇﺎﻳﻒ آﻧﻬﺎ‬
If the cooling tower duty is to cool a certain ‫اﮔﺮ وﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺮد ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ آب‬
amount of warm water in an open circuit
and discharge it to river, lake, sea, or ‫ درﻳﺎ ﻳﺎ‬،‫ درﻳﺎﭼﻪ‬،‫ﮔﺮم در ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪار ﺑﺎز و ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آن ﺑﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
similar type of disposals, it may be possible ‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﭘﺮﻛﻦﻫﺎي‬،‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
to use splash type packings with adequate
water filtration to eliminate the necessity of ‫ﭼﻜﻪاي ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺻﺎف ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻜﻔﻲ آب ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺣﺬف‬
performing frequent washing of packings. ‫ در‬.‫ﺿﺮورت اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻜﺮر ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮي ﭘﺮﻛﻦﻫﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
In this case enough space shall be provided
between packings elements. .‫اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ اﺟﺰاء ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﻮد‬

e) Air pressure drop ‫ﻫ( اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻫﻮا‬

Air pressure drop through the packings shall ‫ﻣﻴﺰان اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻫﻮا از ﻣﻴﺎن ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
be optimized to decrease the fans power in ‫ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﻮان ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
mechanical drought cooling towers and
،‫و ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺮج در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
tower height in natural drought cooling
towers. .‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬

f) Cooling tower dimensions ‫و( اﺑﻌﺎد ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬

The Vendor shall review the available space ‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﻬﺖ‬
for the cooling tower to select proper type ‫ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ آﻧﻜﻪ‬.‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻮع ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ را ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
of packings, because it may be necessary to
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎ دادن ﺑﺮج‬
use film type packings to fit the cooling
tower in the available space. In this case ‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬.‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺿﺮوري ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
proper filtration and treatment of circulating ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺻﺎف ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب ﮔﺮدﺷﻲ و ﻣﻘﺪار‬
water and optimum quantity of make up
water shall be used. .‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ آب ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬

g) Minimum water loading ‫ز( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺪار آب ﮔﻴﺮي‬

The Vendor shall provide technical ‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﮔﺰارش ﺧﻮد ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
justification in the report that in the selected ‫ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن از ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺗﺎ‬
type of packings no channeling will happen
.‫ ﻓﺮار ﺟﺮﻳﺎن اﺗﻔﺎق ﻧﻤﻲ اﻓﺘﺪ‬،‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
when the cooling tower is operating at all
flow rates from minimum to maximum.

6.2.3 Drift eliminators ‫ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬3-2-6

The type, design and location of drift ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﻣﺤﻞ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬،‫ﻧﻮع‬
eliminators shall be selected in a way as to .‫ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت زﻳﺮ را ﺑﺮآورده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
provide the following requirements:

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‫اﻟﻒ( داراي ﺑﺎزده ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ذرات آب و رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬
a) Optimum efficiency to separate water
particles and moisture carried by air to limit ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺠﺎز اﺗﻼف‬
the maximum allowable drift loss to 0.01% ‫ درﺻﺪ از ﻧﺮخ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬0/01 ‫آب ﻫﻤﺮاه را ﺗﺎ ﻣﻴﺰان‬
of the design water flow rate for fresh water ‫ درﺻﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬0/008 ‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي آب ﺗﺎزه و‬
services and 0.008% for salty and brackish ‫ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ ﻃﻮر‬،‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي آب ﺷﻮر و ﺑﺪﻣﺰه ﻣﺤﺪود ﻛﻨﺪ‬
water services, unless otherwise specified. .‫دﻳﮕﺮي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
b) They shall be easily removable and ‫ب( آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ و دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
accessible to permit maintenance and repair. ‫ در ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ‬.‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري را ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪ‬
In counterflow type cooling towers, drift
eliminators design shall allow ready access
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺟﺎزه‬،‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس‬
to distribution system headers, laterals and ‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ و‬،‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ آﺳﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪرﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
nozzles and in crossflow type towers, the ‫ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎ را ﺑﺪﻫﺪ و در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﻧﻮع ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﺬف‬
drift eliminator’s design, shall include
removable sections to allow access to the ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
tower packings area. .‫اﺟﺎزه دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮج را ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‬

c) Effective drift eliminators shall be used

‫ج( ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻣﻮرد‬
to optimize the drift losses not to create ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ اﺗﻼف آب ﻫﻤﺮاه را ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ و در‬
excessive pressure drop in the air flow path, ‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر زﻳﺎدي را اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﻜﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ‬
which causes either using fans with higher ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ‬
capacities in mechanical draught cooling
‫ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
towers or a higher height for natural draught
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
cooling towers.

6.2.4 Recirculation ‫ ﺑﺎز ﮔﺮدش ﻫﻮا‬4-2-6

A detailed report shall be prepared by the ‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺰارش ﺣﺎوي ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬
Vendor and submitted to the purchaser ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻜﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺎز ﮔﺮدش ﻫﻮا در آن‬
considering the following points to optimize
:‫ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
the quantity of recirculated air:

a) Clauses 7.3, 5.2.3 and 5.2.4 of BS ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3 ‫ از ﺑﺨﺶ‬5.2.4 ‫ و‬5.2.3 ،7.3 ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
4485: Part 3: 1988. .1988 ‫ ﺳﺎل‬BS 4485

b) Appendix "C" of this Standard. .‫ب( ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ "ج" اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬

6.3 Water Quality Requirements ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ آب‬3-6

The following elements shall be considered by :‫ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
the Vendor:

a) Clauses 8.4, 8.6 and 8.7 of BS:4485: Part ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3 ‫ از ﺑﺨﺶ‬8.7‫ و‬8.6,8.4‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
3: 1988. .1988 ‫ ﺳﺎل‬BS 4485
b) Other relevant requirements in this .‫ب( دﻳﮕﺮ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
Standard.

A report shall be prepared by the Vendor and ‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺰارش ﻛﻪ در آن ﻣﻮارد ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺎﻻ در‬
submitted to the purchaser considering the .‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
above mentioned elements.

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In this report optimum selected procedures and ‫در اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ و ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه‬
designs to have the best cooling tower ‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮاي داﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه از ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
operation from economical and technical
.‫ﻧﻈﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻓﻨﻲ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
points of view shall be stated.

6.4 Water Losses ‫ اﺗﻼف آب‬4-6

Water losses from the cooling tower consist of: :‫اﺗﻼف آب در ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ اﺳﺖ‬

a) Evaporation losses(1); ‫اﻟﻒ( اﺗﻼف ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ‬

b) Purge losses (blow down); ‫ب( اﺗﻼف دور رﻳﺰ‬

c) Blow out losses; ‫ج( اﺗﻼف ﺑﺮون ﭘﺎﺷﻲ‬

d) Drift losses. ‫د( اﺗﻼف ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬

A report shall be prepared by the Vendor 3 ‫ از ﺑﺨﺶ‬8.2 ‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺰارش ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
considering Clause 8.2 of BS 4485: Part 3: ‫ و ﻧﻜﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ‬1988 ‫ ﺳﺎل‬BS 4485 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
1988 and the following points and submitted to
.‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
the purchaser:
This report shall include detailed calculation to ‫اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﺗﻼف‬
determine above mentioned losses and
‫ﻓﻮق و دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪه در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ‬
provisions foreseen in the design of cooling
tower to optimize and compensate them. ‫ اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارش‬.‫ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي و ﺟﺒﺮان آﻧﻬﺎ را ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﺪ‬،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
Economical and technical evaluation shall also ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬
be included in this report for different amounts
of the concentration factors, water losses and ‫ روﺷﻬﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و ﺻﺎف ﻛﺮدن‬،‫ اﺗﻼف آب‬،‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬
water treatment and filtration procedures and ‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ذﻛﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬.‫آب و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮع اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
the selected ones shall be specified too. It is
notable that price evaluation of all effective
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و‬،‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ آب ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ‬
factors such as make-up water, equipment, etc. .‫ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارش آورده ﺷﻮد‬
shall be done in this report.

Note: :‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
The evaporation losses shall not exceed 2.7% ‫ درﺻﺪ ﻧﺮخ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ‬2/7 ‫اﺗﻼف ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮي ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
of the total circulating water flow rate. .‫ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
6.5 Water Distribution Systems ‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب‬5-6
The following factors shall be considered: :‫ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

a) distribution ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬

They shall be designed in a way to have an ‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرﺗﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺑﺮوي‬
even water distribution over packings. .‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
b) Capacity ‫ب( ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬
All pipings and relevant equipment shall be ‫ درﺻﺪ‬120 ‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬
designed for 120% capacity. .‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
c) Film type packing ‫ج( ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ‬
For cooling towers with film type packings, ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ )ﻓﻴﻠﻢ( ﺑﺮاي‬
spray nozzles shall be used for water .‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب روي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
distribution over packings.

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d) Splash type packing ‫د( ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﭼﻜﻪ اي‬
For cooling towers with splash type ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﭼﻜﻪ اي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﺎزل‬
packings, proper nozzles or splash plates .‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭼﻜﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
shall be used.

e) Spray nozzles ‫ﻫ( اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ‬

Spray nozzles shall be self draining, non- .‫ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺴﺪاد ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر‬
clogging type.

f) Mating piping connection ‫و( ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﻲ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‬

Inlet water piping furnished by Vendor shall ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ آب ورودي ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه آﻣﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
terminate with flanged connections. Flange ‫ رده و ﻧﻮع ﺳﻄﺢ‬،‫ در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز‬.‫ﺑﻪ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻓﻠﻨﺠﻲ ﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
rating and facing and the orientation and
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬،‫ ﺟﻬﺖ و ارﺗﻔﺎع اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬،‫ﻓﻠﻨﺞ اﺗﺼﺎل‬
elevation of the connections will be
specified where necessary to match .‫ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
purchaser’s mating piping connection.

g) For counterflow cooling towers: ‫ز( ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس‬
- A separate central header shall be ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﺳﻠﻮل ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ‬-
provided on each cell complete with .‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت و اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد‬،‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
laterals, fittings and spray nozzles.
‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ و ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬-
- Headers and laterals shall be provided ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ و‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎري ﻳﺎ اﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮي ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
with cleaning access or flush-out facilities
depending on the purchaser’s approval. .‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮔﺮدد‬
- Distribution systems shall incorporate ‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺬب ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري‬-
means of accommodating pressure surges. .‫ﻧﺎﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
h) For crossflow cooling towers ‫ح( ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
- Each water distribution basin shall be fed ‫ ﻫﺮ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬-
through a flow control valve. Valves shall ‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺎرج از ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬.‫ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
be mounted external to the distribution
.‫ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت دﻳﮕﺮي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
header unless otherwise.
‫ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﺷﻌﻪ ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪ‬-
- Water distribution basins shall be covered
to exclude sunlight. Covers shall be ‫ در ﭘﻮﺷﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن‬.‫ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
removable to permit access and periodic ‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ و ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ دوره اي را ﺑﺪﻫﻨﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
inspection unless otherwise.
.‫دﻳﮕﺮي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
i) Partitions ‫ط( دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
It is preferable that a tower be easily ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮج ﺑﻪ آﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪن‬
divisible into maintenance areas. in the case ‫ در ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
of multi-cell towers, each cell water system
.‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آب ﻫﺮ ﺳﻠﻮل ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺠﺰا ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬
shall be separately controlled.In natural
draught towers, maintenance may be based ‫ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬،‫در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
on one-half of a tower being taken out of ‫ﻧﻴﻤﻲ از ﺑﺮج ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪا ﻛﻨﻨﺪه داﺋﻤﻲ و ﺷﻴﺮ‬
commission by permanent dividing walls
and valving of the distribution system. The .‫ از ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﺧﺎرج ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬،‫ﮔﺬاري ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
cold water basin should be similarly ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬،‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب ﺳﺮد‬
divided.
.‫ﮔﺮدد‬

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In mechanical induced draught cooling ‫در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
towers the followings shall be considered: :‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
- Towers consisting of two or more cells ‫ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﻠﻮل ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬2 ‫ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي داراي‬-
shall be provided with transverse partition .‫ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
walls.

The walls shall extend from the normal ‫دﻳـــﻮاره ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺳﻄــــﺢ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل آب ﺗﺎ ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ اﻣﺘﺪاد‬
water level to the fan deck to permit each ‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺗﺎ اﺟﺎزه دﻫﺪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻠﻮل ﺑﺪون اﺛﺮ ﮔﺬاري ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و‬
cell to be taken out of service without
.‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎ از ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﺧﺎرج ﺷﻮد‬
affecting the operation and capacity of other
cells.
‫ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻓﻦ ﻛﺎر‬2 ‫ در ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬-
- Individual cells serving with two or more
fans shall be provided with partition walls. ‫ دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎ‬.‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪا ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
The walls shall be centered between fans, ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در وﺳﻂ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ و از ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ ﺗﺎ روي‬
extending from the fan deck to the top of ‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﻦ ﻛﺎر‬
the packing, to minimize the recirculation ‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻫﻮا و ﻋﺒﻮر آن از ﻛﻨﺎر‬
of air and by passing of the packing when
.‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺷﻮد‬
one or more fans are not operating.

In mechanical draught counterflow cooling ،‫در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
towers, individual cells serviced by one fan ‫ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻦ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و داراي‬
and having more than one louver face shall
‫ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﻳﻚ دﻳﻮار‬
be provided with a partition wall. The
partition shall extend from the normal water ‫ دﻳﻮاره ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل آب‬.‫ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
level in the basin to the elevation of the top ‫ و‬.‫در ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻي ورودي ﻫﻮاي ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮ اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
of the air inlet louver and shall be so located
as to prevent air from blowing from one ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد ﻛﻪ ﺟﻠﻮي وزش ﻫﻮا را از ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
louver face through the other louver face. .‫ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ دﻳﮕﺮ آن ﺑﮕﻴﺮد‬
6.6 Winter Operation Design Requirements ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻛﺎرﻛﺮد زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬6-6
If considering the following factors ‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺎ را ﻣﻠﺰم ﺑﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات‬
necessitates provisions to face with freezing ‫ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺮات اﻧﺠﻤﺎد و ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ ﺑﻜﻨﺪ‬
and icing hazards, one or a combination of the
‫ ﺗﺎ‬1-6-6 ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از روﺷﻬﺎي ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ داده ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ از‬
methods described in the following Clauses of
6.6.1 to 6.6.7 shall be employed in the design .‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬7-6-6
of cooling tower:

a) weather conditions prevailing at site; ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاي ﻏﺎﻟﺐ در ﻣﺤﻞ؛‬

b) design requirements of the cooling tower ‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬،‫ب( اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻧﻮع‬
such as type, counterflow or crossflow, ‫ روش و ﻧﺮخ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا و‬،‫ ﻣﺤﺪوده‬،‫ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
range, approach and air and water flow
rates; ‫آب؛‬
c) water distribution system; ‫ج( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب؛‬

d) water basin design and its location; ‫د( ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب و ﻣﺤﻞ آن؛‬
e) stagnant points in any part of the cooling ‫ﻫ( ﻧﻘﺎط ﺑﺪون ﺣﺮﻛﺖ در ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ؛‬
tower;

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f) other factors. ‫و( ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬
A complete and comprehensive report about ‫ﻳﻚ ﮔﺰارش ﻛﺎﻣﻞ و ﺟﺎﻣﻊ درﺑﺎره ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
the required provision shall be prepared by the ‫ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬.‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
Vendor and submitted to the purchaser. In this
report all above mentioned factors shall be ‫ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
discussed and provisions provided to face with .‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﺠﻤﺎد و ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
freezing and icing hazard shall be stated.

6.6.1 Two speed fans and fans stopping ‫ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي دوﺳﺮﻋﺘﻪ و ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﻛﺮدن ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ‬1-6-6
In order to decrease the air flow rate through ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺮخ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا درون ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ‬
the forced draught or fan assisted natural ‫ دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺮ‬،‫ﻛﻮران اﺟﺒﺎري ﻳﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﻦ‬
draught cooling towers, the following two
.‫اﺳﺎس ﻣﻴﺰان ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﺠﻤﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
steps according to the degree of freezing
hazard may be implemented:
Step 1: Reducing the fans speed of two speed ‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻦ در ﻧﻮع دو ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻪ‬:1 ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬
type.
Step 2: Stopping proper number of fans. ‫ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ از ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ‬:2 ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬

6.6.2 Fans reversing and speed control ‫ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ ﻓﻦ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬2-6-6
In the induced type cooling towers fans ‫ ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﻛﺮدن ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻓﻦ‬،‫در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻣﻜﺸﻲ‬
reversing will cause warm air passing through ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪن ﻫﻮاي ﻋﺒﻮري از ﺳﻄﺢ ورودي ﻫﻮا و از ﺑﻴﻦ رﻓﺘﻦ‬
the inlet air area and eliminating ice or freezing
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻦﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺗﻮر‬.‫ﺧﻄﺮ ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ اﻧﺠﻤﺎد ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
hazard. Using fans with variable multispeed
motors in the mechanical draught type cooling ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ در ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮدش ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ‬
towers, the air flow rate can be decreased by ‫ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ‬،‫روش ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
reducing the fan speed as required to eliminate
the icing and freezing hazard. ‫ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ از ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮدن ﺧﻄﺮ ﻳﺦ ﻳﺰدﮔﻲ و اﻧﺠﻤﺎد‬
.‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
6.6.3 Variable pitch ‫ ﭘﺮه ﺑﺎ زاوﻳﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬3-6-6
Using variable pitch fans may be a solution to ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي داراي ﭘﺮه ﺑﺎ زاوﻳﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻳﻚ راه ﺣﻞ‬
face with icing and freezing hazard. .‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﺠﻤﺎد و ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

6.6.4 Preheating the inlet air to the packings ‫ ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن ﻫﻮاي ورودي ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ‬4-6-6
using hot water bypass ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر آب ﮔﺮم‬
In order to warm the inlet air to the cooling ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن ﻫﻮاي ورودي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
tower to eliminate the freezing hazard a proper
portion of inlet warm water may be bypassed ‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ از آب ﮔﺮم ورودي‬،‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺬف ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﺠﻤﺎد‬
into the air inlet path. Typical arrangement of ‫ آراﻳﺶ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻳﻦ روش‬.‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﻮاي ورودي ﮔﺬر ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
this method is shown in Fig. 1. In this case ‫ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺟﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬1 ‫در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
water jets shall be used and using water sprays
are not allowed. .‫ﺑﻜﺎر رود و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎي آب ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

Generally by pass shall operate under a ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬2 ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻛﻨﺎر ﮔﺬر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻓﺸﺎري ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
pressure head of not less than 2 m (having ‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻧﺎزل ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ارﺗﻔﺎع )ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺖ اﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ( ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﺎر ﻛﻨﺪ‬
allowed for friction losses), the nozzles shall
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻛﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺣﺪود‬12 ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
be of a diameter not less than 12 mm, and the
total bypass flow shall be about 25% of the ‫ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ‬.‫ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬25
circulating water flow rate. The effect of anti- .‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
icing piping shall be considered in the design
of the cooling tower.

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 ‫آﺑﺎن ‪Oct 2009 / 1388‬‬ ‫)‪IPS-G-ME-160(2‬‬

‫ﻫﺪر ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻫﺪر ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺗﺼﺎل‬

‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺟﻬﺖ‬

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ‬

‫اﻟﻒ( ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ب( ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬

‫ﭘﺮده آب اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ زاوﻳﻪ ﻫﻮاﻛﺶﻫﺎ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا‬

‫ج( ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﭘﺮده آب اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه‬

‫‪Fig. 1‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪1-‬‬

‫‪6.6.5 Adjustable inlet air louvers‬‬ ‫‪ 5-6-6‬ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﻮاي ورودي‬
‫‪For reducing the air flow through the cooling‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮاي ﻋﺒﻮري از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‪،‬‬
‫‪tower, adjustable inlet air louvers may be used.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﻮاي ورودي ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار‬
‫‪This system shall be operated automatically.‬‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪6.6.6 Reducing the number of packing cells‬‬ ‫‪ 6-6-6‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ در ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري‬
‫‪in operation‬‬

‫‪In this method the following points shall be‬‬ ‫در اﻳﻦ روش ﻧﻜﺎت ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪considered:‬‬

‫‪a) Complete isolation of proper numbers of‬‬ ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ از ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪packings cells.‬‬
‫‪b) Avoid any static water in any part.‬‬ ‫ب( ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از اﻳﺠﺎد آب راﻛﺪ در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ‪.‬‬

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6.6.7 Prevention of basin water from ‫ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ آب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬7-6-6
freezing
To prevent the basin water from freezing, ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ آب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ در زﻣﺎن ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﺑﻮدن‬
during shut down of the cooling tower, one of
‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻳﻜﻲ از روﺷﻬﺎي ﺷﺮح داده ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
the methods described in Clauses 6.6.7.1 to
6.6.7.4 shall be used depending on the design ‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي‬،‫ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬4-7-6-6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬1-7-6-6
requirements, limitations imposed by available .‫ﻓﻀﺎي در دﺳﺘﺮس و دﻻﻳﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬
space and economical reasons:

6.6.7.1 Basin draining ‫ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب‬1-7-6-6

Draining the basin water to a reservoir or to the ‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰن ذﺧﻴﺮه ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آﺑﮕﺬر در‬
drainage system of the plant. .‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
6.6.7.2 Indoor tank method ‫ روش ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه‬2-7-6-6
A typical arrangement of this system which is ‫ﻳﻚ آراﻳﺶ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﻮﺿـﭽﻪ ﺧـﺸﻚ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
also called dry basin operation is shown in Fig. ‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺳـﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻳـﻚ‬.‫ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬2 ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
2. In this System there shall be a continuous
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن داﺋﻢ آب از ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷـﺪه‬
flow of water from basin to an indoor installed
tank at lower level. When the cooling tower ‫ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮج ﺧﻨـﻚ‬.‫در ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
stops, the bypass line shown in the Fig. 2 2 ‫ ﺧﻂ ﻛﻨﺎرﮔـﺬر ﻧـﺸﺎن داده ﺷـﺪه در ﺷـﻜﻞ‬،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﻮد‬
allows quick drainage of the supply line to the
cooling tower. In this bypass line an ‫ در‬.‫اﺟﺎزه ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺧﻂ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه را ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‬
automatically opened control valve shall be ،‫اﻳﻦ ﺧﻂ ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر ﺑﺎزﺷﻮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷـﻮد‬
provided to be opened when the cooling tower
.‫ﺗﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺎز ﮔﺮدد‬
stops operation.

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 ‫آﺑﺎن ‪Oct 2009 / 1388‬‬ ‫)‪IPS-G-ME-160(2‬‬

‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬

‫ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر )ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﻂ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ(‬

‫ﭘﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬

‫دور رﻳﺰ‬

‫ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬

‫ﺳﺮ رﻳﺰ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪Fig. 2-DRY BASIN OPERATION‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -2‬ﻛﺎرﻛﺮد ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ‬

‫‪6.6.7.3 Electric immersion heater or steam‬‬ ‫‪ 3-7-6-6‬ﮔﺮم ﻛﻦ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ روش ﻫﺎي‬
‫‪heating methods‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
‫‪Electric or steam heating energy may be used‬‬ ‫اﻧﺮژي اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ اﻧﺮژي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺨﺎر ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن‬
‫‪to warm up the basin water.‬‬
‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‪.‬‬
‫‪6.6.7.4 By pass circulation method‬‬ ‫‪ 4-7-6-6‬روش ﮔﺮدش از ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر‬
‫‪This method prevents both the water in the‬‬ ‫در اﻳﻦ روش آب داﺧﻞ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺪون ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺮ دو‬
‫‪basin and exposed pipes from freezing which‬‬ ‫از ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ آراﻳﺶ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي‬
‫‪shall have a typical arrangement as shown in‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 3‬ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب در ﻣﺪار‬
‫‪Fig. 3 the flow of water in the by pass‬‬
‫‪circulation circuit shall be 5% of the total‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮدش ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ 5‬درﺻﺪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻛﻞ آب در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫‪water flow rate in the main circulation system.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮدش اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬

‫ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ‬

11 Fig. 3-BY PASS CIRCULATION SYSTEM

‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮدش ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر‬-3 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

Notes: :‫ﻳﺎدآوريﻫﺎ‬
The descriptions of the components shown in Fig. 3 :‫ در ذﻳﻞ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬3 ‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ اﺟﺰاي ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
are as follow:
A = By pass circulation pump ‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدش از ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر‬:A
S = Magnetic starter ‫ آﻏﺎزﮔﺮ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬:S
H = A small instantaneous water heater ‫ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮﻣﻜﻦ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ آب‬:H
V3 = Globe valve ‫ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺸﻘﺎﺑﻲ‬:V3
V1 = Gate valve ‫ ﺷﻴﺮ دروازه اي‬:V1
C1 = Check valve ‫ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‬:C1
25 T = Immersion thermostat ‫ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور‬:T
T1 = Thermostat and heating cable to protect the ‫ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت و ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از‬:T1
make up line ‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ آب ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ‬
Vo = Gate valve ‫ ﺷﻴﺮ دروازه اي‬:Vo
V2 = Globe valve ‫ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺸﻘﺎﺑﻲ‬:V2

6.7 Water Basin Design ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب‬7-6

The following factors should be considered in the :‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
design of water basin:

a) It shall be designed to be located under ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ زﻳﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺮار‬
packings area. .‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬

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b) Collecting points of foreign materials shall be ‫ب( ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻛﻒ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ‬
provided in the floor of the cooling tower and if it is ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد و در ﺻﻮرت اﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺎري‬
possible, arge capacity clean out drains similar to
what is shown in Fig. 4 shall be provided. The basin
‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬4 ‫ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ آﻧﭽﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
floor shall be properly sloped towards the collecting ‫ ﻛﻒ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﺷﻴﺐ درﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
points of foreign materials, drain points and the lean ‫ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ و ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
out drains (if provided), to permit removing
sediments and foreign materials. If proper drainage ‫ اﮔﺮ‬.‫رﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ اﺟﺎزه ﺧﺮوج رﺳﻮﺑﺎت و ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ را ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‬
channel or reservoir for gravity drainage of basin ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﺰن ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬
could not be provided, clean out drains similar to
what is shown in Fig. 4 with a drainage pump shall 4 ‫ درﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ آﻧﭽﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ‬،‫ﻧﺘﻮان ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻛﺮد‬
be provided to discharge the drained water to safe ‫ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻳﻚ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب‬
drainage or disposal system. .‫ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ اﻳﻤﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ دﻓﻊ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد‬

‫درﭘﻮش ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺳﺮ رﻳﺰ‬

‫ﺗﻮري دو ﻻﻳﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎري‬

12 Fig. 4 TYPICAL DESIGN OF CLEAN OUT DRAIN

‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ درﻳﭽﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬-4 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

c) Over flow facilities shall be provided in ‫ج( ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺳﺮزﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ و ﺗﺎﻧﻚ زﻳﺮ‬
the design of the basin and indoor tank. .‫ﺳﻘﻒ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬

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 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)
d) Basin and indoor tank shall be provided with ‫د( ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ و ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل و ﻳﻚ‬
control valve and level controller connected to ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آب ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ وﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
the make up water system to adjust the water
level in them unless otherwise specified.
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ‬،‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ آب در آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت دﻳﮕﺮي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد‬
e) The circulating pump, basin location and ‫ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ و ﺗﺎﻧﻚ زﻳﺮ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ﻫ( ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدش آب‬
indoor tank location shall be prepared in a way (NPSH)‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻣﻬﻴﺎ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬
that available net positive suction head (NPSH)
for pump is more than required NPSH at whole
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد از ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ‬
operating range of the cooling tower. .‫ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎري ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

f) Basin shall be divided, if practicable, into ‫و( در ﺻﻮرت اﻣﻜﺎن ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺠﺰا ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬
separate divisions to enable to put each one out ‫ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮان ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام از ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎ را ﺑﺪون وﻗﻔﻪ در ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
of service without interrupting the operation of
remaining parts. Each basin division shall be ‫ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ از‬.‫ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪه از ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﺧﺎرج ﻛﺮد‬
sloped towards collecting points of foreign ‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺷﻴﺐ‬
materials, from where it shall also be possible
to drain the relevant basin section. ‫ ﻛﻪ از آن ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬،‫داده ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ اﻣﻜﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
g) The capacity of basin or indoor tank ‫ز( ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﺰن زﻳﺮ ﺳﻘﻒ )ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
(depending on the situation) shall be .‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻜﺎت زﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
determined considering the following points:
- Item 8.3.2 of BS 4485: Part 3: 1988.
1988 ‫ ﺳﺎل‬3 ‫ ﺑﺨﺶ‬BS 4485 ‫ از‬2،3،8 ‫ ﻣﺎده‬-
- The effective water capacity of basin or
indoor tank shall be enough for a minimum of ‫ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ آب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬-
10 minutes based on the design water flow rate ‫ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﻄﺢ‬10‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
and normal operating water level.
.‫آب در ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
h) In special cases where there is a high content ‫ح( در ﻣﻮارد ﺧﺎص ﻛﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ زﻳﺎدي از ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻣﻌﻠﻖ در آب‬
of suspended solids in the water, side stream ‫ ﺻﺎف ﻛﺮدن ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻛﻨﺎري ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ آﻧﭽﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ‬،‫وﺟﻮد دارد‬
filtration as shown typically in Fig. 5 may be
provided to filter very small particles subject to
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺻﺎف‬5
purchaser’s requirement. It shall be sometimes .‫ﻛﺮدن ذرات ﺑﺴﻴﺎر رﻳﺰ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
necessary to provide it along with other proper ‫ﮔﺎﻫﻲ اوﻗﺎت ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮازي ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
filtration and treatment systems.
.‫دﻳﮕﺮ ﺻﺎف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬

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 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)

13 Fig. 5 TYPICAL SIDE STREAM FILTERATION SYSTEM

‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺻﺎف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب از ﻛﻨﺎر‬-5 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

i) For concrete basins, the water velocity ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ آب در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎر‬،‫ط( در ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
inside the basin at any point shall not be ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬0/3 ‫در ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اي از ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
less than 0.3 m/sec at full load condition.
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
6.8 Sitting, Orientation, Spacing and ‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت زﻳﺴﺖ‬،‫ ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬8-6
Environmental Considerations ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
6.8.1 Sitting, orientation and spacing ‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬،‫ ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬1-8-6

6.8.1.1 Tower level ‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺮاز ﺑﺮج‬1-1-8-6

The cooling tower shall be located either ‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﺘﺮ از ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
above or below the heat source considering .‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﻜﺎت زﻳﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
the following points:
a) The "NPSH" available for pump shall be ‫ ﻣﻮرد‬NPSH ‫” در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬NPSH”(‫اﻟﻒ‬
more than required "NPSH". .‫ﻧﻴﺎز ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
b) It shall be possible to face with the drain ‫ب( ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ از‬
back from the system (when the circulation
system stops), with a proper design without ‫ ﺑﺪون‬،‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ )در زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ اﺳﺖ( را‬
any flooding and loss of water. .‫ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺮرﻳﺰ و اﺗﻼف آب داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
6.8.1.2 Air restrictions ‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻮا‬2-1-8-6
The cooling tower shall be located in a ‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
position to provide a minimum of twice the ‫ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪود ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬.‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺎزل ورودي ﺑﺮج را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
area of the tower inlet opening. Air flow
‫ ﺣﺼﺎرﻛﺸﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﻳﺎ‬،‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬،‫ﻫﻮا ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎ‬
restricting objects may be barriers, equipment,
buildings, enclosures and any other object. .‫ﻫﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ دﻳﮕﺮي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

6.8.1.3 Recirculation and orientation of the ‫ ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬3-1-8-6
cooling tower
Clause 6.2.4 of this Standard shall be .‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬4-2-6 ‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬
considered.

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‫‪6.8.1.4 Interference‬‬ ‫‪ 4-1-8-6‬ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫‪The type, shape and location of the cooling‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻞ و ﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و‬
‫‪tower shall be so selected and designed, so‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫‪that the interference effect will be optimized.‬‬

‫‪6.8.1.5 Spacing‬‬ ‫‪ 5-1-8-6‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬

‫‪Clause 5.3 of BS 4485: Part 3 shall be‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ 3-5‬از ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ 3‬اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ‪ BS 4485‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫‪considered.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪Note:‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‪:‬‬
‫‪For air restrictions, orientation of cooling‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻮا‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي‬
‫‪towers, optimization interference of cooling‬‬ ‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫‪towers and spacing selection and design see‬‬
‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎي ‪7،6‬و‪ 8‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫‪figs 6,7.8.‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮج )ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ(‬
‫ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮج )ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ(‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮج‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻪ در آن ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد‪.‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪Fig. 6‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪6‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬

‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪Fig. 7‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪7‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)

The % of tower length separation is primarily ‫درﺻﺪ ﺟﺪاﻳﺶ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮج اﺻﻮﻻً ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ از ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺮج‬
a function of the tower’s physical .‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
characteristics.
‫ درﺻﺪ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮج‬X ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮج‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬

.‫ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻪ در آن ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد‬

Fig. 8
8 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

6.8.2 Environmental considerations ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬2-8-6

The effects of drift, blow out, fogging and ‫ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻪ و ﺻﺪاي ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠﺎر ﺗﻌﺪادي‬،‫ ﺑﺮون ﭘﺎﺷﻲ‬،‫اﺛﺮات آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬
noise are some of the contributing factors that ‫از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
shall be considered as follow, when siting
:‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
cooling tower installation:

6.8.2.1 Reducing the drift effects ‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬1-2-8-6

In order to reduce the drift effects, the ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات آب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻧﻜﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
following points shall be considered: .‫ﺷﻮد‬
a) The cooling tower shall be located in a ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ در‬
place that considering the direction and ‫ آب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺮوي ﺳﻄﺢ‬،‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬
speed of prevailing wind, the drift will not
be spread over nearby roads, buildings,
.‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻧﺸﻮد‬،‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎ‬
equipment, residential areas and etc.

b) The eliminators shall be installed ‫ب( ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
correctly not to have any gap between ‫ﻫﻴﭻ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ اي ﺑﻴﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ و ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺪﻧﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ از‬
themselves and structure to prevent
escaping the water droplets.
.‫ﻓﺮار ﻗﻄﺮات آب ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬

c) Spacing between packings and ‫ج( ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ و ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬
eliminators shall be increased sufficiently ‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎن ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ رﻳﺰش ﻗﻄﺮات آب ﻗﺒﻞ از‬
to have enough time for the droplets to fall
before they reach to the drift eliminators.
.‫رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آب ﻫﻤﺮاه وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

23
 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)
6.8.2.2 Reducing the blow out nuisance ‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺑﺮون ﭘﺎﺷﻲ‬2-2-8-6

Where the blow out creates a nuisance, it shall ‫در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮون ﭘﺎﺷﻲ آب ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
be reduced by one or a combination of the ‫ﻳﻜﻲ از روﺷﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ از آﻧﻬﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ را‬
following means:
.‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ داد‬
a) Diagonal partitions or central division
shall be situated so that the prevailing wind ‫اﻟﻒ( دﻳﻮاره ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻮرب ﻳﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
is prevented from blowing across the tower ‫ﻃﻮري ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ از وزش ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ از ﻣﻴﺎن ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﺮج‬
basin. .‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
b) Inclined louvers boards shall be ‫ب( ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻃﺮاف ورودي ﻫﻮا در‬
positioned around the air opening at the
base of the tower, sections of which shall be ‫ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ از آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ‬،‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺮج ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
removable to permit access. .‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ اﺟﺎزه دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‬
6.8.2.3 Reducing the fogging and plume ‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻣﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ‬3-2-8-6
nuisance
A combination of the following actions .‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد‬
shall be taken:
a) Considering the direction and speed of ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
prevailing wind, the cooling tower shall be ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ را داﺷﺘﻪ‬
located in a place to have the optimum
possible hazard. .‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
b) Heating the moist air before leaving the ‫ب( ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن ﻫﻮاي ﺗﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺧﺮوج از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
cooling tower as shown in Fig. 9 to reduce ‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻪ‬9 ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ آﻧﭽﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
fogging.
.‫آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ‬
c) Discharging the fan stacks warm vapors
‫ج( ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺨﺎرات ﮔﺮم دودﻛﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻦ در ﺗﺮاز ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬
at higher levels.

‫آب ﮔﺮم‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﺸﻚ‬

‫ورودي آب ﮔﺮم‬

‫آب ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬

16 Fig. 9
9 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

24
 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)
6.8.2.4 Blow down and draining ‫ دور رﻳﺰ و ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬4-2-8-6
Standard IPS-E-SF-880 shall be considered. .‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬IPS-E-SF-880 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬

6.8.2.5 Noise level ‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺮ و ﺻﺪا‬5-2-8-6

IPS. Standard IPS-G-SF-900 and the ‫ و ﻧﻜﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار‬IPS-G-SF-900 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
following points shall be considered: .‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬
a) Clause 5.4.7.7 of BS 4485: Part 3. BS-4485 ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3 ‫ ﺑﺨﺶ‬7-7-4-5 ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﻨﺪ‬
b) Enclosing the cooling tower by sound ‫ب( در ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﺪاي‬
attenuating barriers shall be used, subject
to purchaser’s approval, in places where ‫ دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ ﺻﺪا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ وﺟﻮد دارد ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬
high limitation on sound level exists. .‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه را ﻣﺤﺼﻮر ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
6.9 Mechanical and Electrical Equipment ‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ و ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬9-6

6.9.1 Fans ‫ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ‬1-9-6

6.9.1.1 Fan laws and formulas ‫ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﻓﻦ و ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﻫﺎ‬1-1-9-6

Standard IPS-E-PR-755 shall be applied. .‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-E-PR-755 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬

6.9.1.2 Fans types ‫ اﻧﻮاع ﻓﻦﻫﺎ‬2-1-9-6

For selection of the fans type, their number ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻮع و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻓﻦ و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﺻﻠﻲ‬
and major design requirements, the following :‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
factors shall be considered:

a) Cooling tower type and arrangement of .‫اﻟﻒ( ﻧﻮع ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﭼﻴﺪﻣﺎن اﺟﺰاي آن‬
components.
b) Design requirements of the cooling .‫ب( اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
tower.
c) Air flow rate through the cooling tower. .‫ج( ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮاي ﻋﺒﻮري از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
d) Pressure drop of air path in the cooling .‫د( اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﻮا در ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
tower.
e) Noise level restrictions. .‫ﻫ( ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺮ و ﺻﺪا‬
f) Input power to the fans. .‫و( ﺗﻮان ورودي ﻓﻦﻫﺎ‬
g) Location of installation. .‫ز( ﻣﻜﺎن ﻧﺼﺐ‬
h) Available area for the cooling tower. .‫ح( ﺳﻄﺢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
i) And the requirements described in ‫ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻨﺪ‬1-2-1-9-6 ‫ط( و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺷﺮح داده ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
Clauses 6.9.1.2.1 to 6.9.1.5. . 5-1-9-6
6.9.1.2.1 Axial flow (propeller) fans (‫ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺤﻮري )ﻣﻠﺨﻲ‬1-2-1-9-6
This type of fan shall be used in low static ‫اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻢ‬
pressure drop cooling towers where high ‫در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮاي زﻳﺎدي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ‬
quantity of air flow rate is required. The
‫ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ‬.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
following aspects shall be considered in the
design and fabrication of this type of fans: .‫در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬

25
 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)
a) They shall be equipped with manually ‫اﻟﻒ( اﻳﻦ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ زاوﻳﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ دﺳﺘﻲ‬
adjustable pitch blades at least for the ‫ درﺟﻪ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻓﻦ‬22 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬0 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺪوده زاوﻳﻪ‬
range of 0° to 22° enabling the fan to be
applied over a wide range of operating
‫را ﻗﺎدر ﺳﺎزد در ﻣﺤﺪوده وﺳﻴﻌﻲ از ﺗﻮان ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
horsepower. .‫اﺳﺐ ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬

b) Fans shall be designed to operate at tip ‫ب( ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻟﺒﻪ ﭘﺮه‬
speed not more than 61 m/sec. .‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬61 ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
c) The fans shall be in dynamic and static ‫ج( ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺻﺪا در ﻫﻤﺘﺮازي دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ و‬
balance with a minimum of noise. .‫اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
d) They shall be designed to have uniform ‫د( ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﻮا در ﺗﻤﺎم‬
air velocities across the effective area of .‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻦ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
fan.

e) They shall be mainly used in the induced ‫ﻫ( اﻳﻦ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران‬
type mechanical draught and fan assisted ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻜﺶ و ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
natural draught cooling towers. In these
cases the fan shall be of a material, or have
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﻮاد ﻳﺎ‬.‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ‬
a protective finish that will resist corrosive ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﺛﺮات ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬
effects of warm and humid operating ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬.‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﮔﺮم و ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
conditions. Protective finishes shall be
capable of withstanding the errosive effect ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﺛﺮات ﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﻗﻄﺮات آب ﻣﻘﺎوم‬
of impacting water droplets. .‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
6.9.1.2.2 Centrifugal flow fans ‫ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬2-2-1-9-6
These type of fans shall be mainly used for ‫اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻂ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺸﻲ‬
indoor installations of forced draught cooling ‫ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي‬.‫ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺼﺐ در ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
towers. The fans of the forced draught type
‫ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران دﻣﺸﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر و ذرات‬
cooling towers may be affected by dust and
debris (depending on the ambient air ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻖ)ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻫﻮاي اﻃﺮاف( ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ و ﻟﺬا‬
conditions), so preventive provisions shall be ‫اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮاﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
provided and more over they shall be mounted
so that any water entering the fan casing ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﺳﻮار ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ آﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ وارد ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ‬
drains back into the cold water basin. .‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب ﺑﺎز ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
6.9.1.3 Natural frequency of fan ‫ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ )ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ( ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﻦ‬3-1-9-6
Fundamental natural frequency of fan blades ‫ درﺻﺪ‬10 ‫ درﺻﺪ زﻳﺮ ﻛﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﺎ‬10 ‫در ﻣﺤﺪوده‬
shall not coincide with any source of vibratory (‫ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﻄﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ )ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ‬
excitation (any shaft speed) in the range from
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ )ﭘﺮه( ﻫﺎي ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻟﺮزش اﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ )در‬
10% below minimum operating speed to 10%
above maximum operating speed. .‫ﻫﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺤﻮر( وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

6.9.1.4 Applicable standards ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬4-1-9-6

The two following standards shall be ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬،‫ در ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫دو اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ذﻳﻞ‬
considered wherever applicable: .‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
IPS-M-PM-230 "Special Purpose Centrifugal "‫ "ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد وﻳﮋه‬:IPS-M-PM-230
Fans"
IPS-M-PM-235 "General Purpose Centrifugal "‫ "ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬:IPS-M-PM-235
Fans"

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6.9.1.5 Safety provisions ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬5-1-9-6
Protection guards shall be provided, wherever ‫ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬،‫ ﮔﺮداﻧﻨﺪه ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎ و ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
applicable, for fans, driver shafts and .‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﻔﺎظ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬،‫اﺳﺖ‬
couplings.

6.9.2 Gearbox ‫ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه‬2-9-6

Gearboxes shall meet the following :‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت زﻳﺮ را ارﺿﺎء ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
requirements:

a) It shall be double reduction, spiral bevel ‫ ﻣﺎرﭘﻴﭻ ﺷﻴﺐ دار راﺳﺖ ﮔﺮد ﺑﺎ‬،‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﻮع دوﺑﺎر ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه‬
right angle type, with AGMA service ‫ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻮان‬2 ‫ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬AGMA ‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮر ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬
factor of not less than 2.0 based upon
driver horsepower.
.‫ﮔﺮداﻧﻨﺪه )ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ اﺳﺐ ﺑﺨﺎر( ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؛ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

b) It shall be sealed to prevent moisture ‫ب( ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﻧﻔﻮذ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ آب ﺑﻨﺪي‬
leakage at the shafts .‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
c) Thermal rating of the gearbox shall be ‫ج( ﺗﻮان ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺑﺪون ﺧﻨﻚ ﺑﺎ‬
ample for operation without oil cooling. .‫روﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
d) Connection of the gearbox for oil filling ‫د( اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ روﻏﻦ و ﺑﺎزدﻳﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ روﻏﻦ‬
and oil level observation shall be extended .‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻴﺮون دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ)اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ( اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
to the outside of fan stack (cylinder).

e) An oil level indicator shall be provided ‫ﻫ( ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ روﻏﻦ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
with a cut off switch on the oil circuit to ‫روي ﻣﺪار روﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ روﻏﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻮر‬
shut off the fan motor at low oil level.
.‫ﻓﻦ را ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
f) The output shaft bearings shall have an L ‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ‬100000 ‫و( ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺤﻮر ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
10 life of 100,000 h. as defined in BS ISO ‫ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬BS ISO 281 ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬1 ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺨﺶ‬
281: Part 1. As this produces reversing
radial loads on the bearings, special
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ آﻧﻜﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎن ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬.‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
consideration shall be given to the ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬،‫ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ روي ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
relationship between bearing clearances, ‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎن ﻓﻦ و‬،‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ در رواﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎن‬
fan bearing span and diameter.
.‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ دﻳﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
g) The elevated temperature of the (‫ز( اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮاي اﻃﺮاف در ﻃﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﻌﻤﻮل)ﻧﺮﻣﺎل‬
surrounding air during normal operation ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻳﻚ‬
shall be taken into account and, when
located in a very cold climate,
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ‬،‫اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﺮد واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
consideration shall be given to the .‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼت راه اﻧﺪازي ﺳﺮد دﻳﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
problems of a cold start.
h) Double oil seals are a preferred feature ‫ح( ﻧﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ روﻏﻦ ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﻣﻘﺪم ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
to minimize the risk of oil leakage or .‫ﻛﺮدن ﺧﻄﺮ ﻧﺸﺖ روﻏﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻔﻮذ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
ingress of moisture.
Gearboxes mounted in the induced
‫ در‬،‫ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬،‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺶ‬
draught-position, i.e. in the areas of near ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ‬،‫ درﺻﺪ‬100 ‫ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺎ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ‬
100% humidity, shall be provided with a ‫ﻣﻨﻔﺬ)ﻫﻮاﻛﺶ( در ﻧﻘﻄﻪ دورﺗﺮ در ﺧﺎرج از دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ‬
remote vent carried to the outside of the fan
stack to minimize the risk of condensation ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﻣﻜﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
from breathing moisture-laden air. .‫ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬

27
 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)
Lubrication, grease pipes and oil-level
‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺲ و ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ روﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در‬،‫روﻏﻨﻜﺎري‬
indicators shall be taken to the outside of -‫ﺑﻴﺮون ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬
the fan to facilitate servicing. .‫ﻛﺎري را ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
6.9.3 Drive shafts and couplings ‫ ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﻧﺪه و ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓﻫﺎ‬3-9-6
The following aspects shall be considered in :‫ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﻧﺪه ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
design of drive shafts:

a) Shafts shall be tubular with non ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اي ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ روﻏﻨﻜﺎري ﻧﺸﺪه‬
lubricated Thomas flexible coupling Type I ‫ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ‬I ‫اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﻣﺎس ﻧﻮع‬
or equal for induced type cooling towers.
.‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
b) Drive shafts shall be properly balanced. .‫ب( ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

c) Drive shafts shall be capable of being ‫ج( ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻣﺠﺪد )در ﺻﻮرت‬
rebalanced (if necessary) and accepting .‫ﻧﻴﺎز( و ﭘﺬﻳﺮش درﺟﺎﺗﻲ از ﻧﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮري را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
some degree of misalignement.

d) Hollow rotating components shall be ‫د( اﺟﺰا ﺗﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﮔﺮدان ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ از ﻧﻔﻮذ آب‬
sealed to prevent water ingress or be ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ از‬
effectively drained to prevent accumulated
water impairing the balance.
.‫ ﮔﺮدد‬،‫ﺗﺠﻤﻊ آب ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ آﺳﻴﺐ زدن ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬

6.9.4 Supports for mechanical equipment ‫ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ و اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫـﺎي‬4-9-6
and drive motors ‫ﮔﺮدﻧﺪه‬
Consideration shall be given to the following :‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺮ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
factors in the design of supports:

a) The supports shall be designed to ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
minimize possible movement between the ‫ ﻣﺤﻮر و ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه ﺑﻪ‬،‫ﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﻴﻦ اﺟﺰاء ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺤﺮك ﻓﻦ‬
elements of the fan driver assembly, shaft
and gearbox.
.‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬

b) Possible corrosive conditions. .‫ب( ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬

c) The vibratory loads from the fan unit. .‫ج( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻓﻦ و ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎت‬

d) The excess force arising from possible ‫د( ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺧﺮاﺑﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از‬
damage to any part of complete fan and .‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻦ و ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬
drive assembly.

e) Additional requirements mentioned in ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬4 ‫ﻫ( اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺨﺶ‬
BS 4485: Part 4. .BS 4485

6.9.5 Vibration cut out switch ‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ارﺗﻌﺎش‬5-9-6

One vibration cut out switch and alarm shall ‫ﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ارﺗﻌﺎش و اﻋﻼم ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬
be provided for each fan with the following :‫ذﻳﻞ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
requirements:

a) The cut out switch shall be provided .‫اﻟﻒ( ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺮون از ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدد‬
outside the fan ring.

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b) In case of excessive vibration, the cut ‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻦ را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت‬،‫ب( در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ارﺗﻌﺎش زﻳﺎد‬
out switch shall shut down the fan ‫ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﻛﻨﺪ و اﺟﺎزه روﺷﻦ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﺠﺪد و راه اﻧﺪازي‬
automatically and permit restarting and
manually reset. The vibration switch shall
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ راه اﻧﺪازي‬.‫ﻣﺠﺪد دﺳﺘﻲ را ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‬
be suitable for resetting the switch without .‫ﻣﺠﺪد ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺑﺪون ﺑﺎزﻛﺮدن ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
disassembly.

c) Provisions shall be made for adjusting ‫ج( ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪاﺗﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
the vibration switch so that it may be set ‫ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮان آن را ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻄﺢ ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از‬
above the vibration level of normal
operation and/or will not trip out during fan
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻋﺎدي ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺮد و ﻳﺎ در زﻣﺎن ﺷﺮوع ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻓﻦ‬
start up. .‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‬

d) Vibration cut out switches shall be .‫د( ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎً ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
preferably ball type.

e) Vibration cut out switches shall be ‫ﻫ( ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
tagged with identifying tag numbers. .‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
f) Vibration cut out switches shall be .‫و( ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ از اﺛﺮ ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
weather proof.

6.9.6 Keys and keyways ‫ ﺧﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺟﺎ ﺧﺎرﻫﺎ‬6-9-6

Keys and keyways shall be according to BS BS 4235 ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬1 ‫ﺧﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺟﺎ ﺧﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺨﺶ‬
4235: Part 1. .‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
6.9.7 Valves ‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬7-9-6
The valves mentioned in Clauses 6.9.7.1 to ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬3-7-9-6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬1-7-9-6 ‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
6.9.7.3 shall be provided as a minimum: .‫ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ درﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
6.9.7.1 Stop valves ‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬1-7-9-6
Stop valves shall be provided considering the ‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ‬
following requirements: :‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
a) Stop valves shall be provided in ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎي در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻗﺮار‬
accessible positions. .‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
b) In cooling towers with multiple risers, ‫ ﺑﺮوي‬،‫ب( در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪد‬
separate stop valve shall be provided on ‫ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺠﺰا ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدد ﺗﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
each riser to regulate the flow in individual
risers and/or stop flow in particular riser
‫را در ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺰا ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ و ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن را در‬
during partial maintenance of the cooling ‫ در ﻃﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ از‬،‫ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
tower parts. .‫ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
c) These valves shall be normally of gate or ‫ج( اﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﻮع دروازهاي ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮواﻧﻪاي ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
butterfly type depending on the purchaser’s .‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
requirement

d) Stop valves shall be provided for both ‫د( ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
crossflow and counterflow type cooling ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ و ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻚ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻳﺎ‬
towers in single riser and multiple risers
systems.
.‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬

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6.9.7.2 Flow control valves ‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬2-7-9-6
Flow control valves shall be provided ‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬
considering the followings: :‫ﮔﺮدد‬
a) They shall be in accessible positions. .‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬

‫ب( اﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬

b) They shall be installed in crossflow type
cooling towers to equalize flow between
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻫﻤﺴﺎن ﺳﺎزي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺳﻠﻮل‬
distribution basins of a tower cell as well as ‫ﺑﺮج ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﭼﻨﺪ‬
between cells of multi-cell cooling towers. .‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدد‬

‫ج( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﻪ‬
c) It shall be possible to use these valves to
‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻮﻗﺖ‬
shut off flow to selected distribution basins
for interim cleaning and maintenance ‫و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در‬
purposes when other parts of the cooling .‫ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎرﻧﺪ‬
tower are in operation.

6.9.7.3 Make-Up valve ‫ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ‬3-7-9-6

Make-up valve shall be provided in the make- ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ روي ﺧﻂ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ آب ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
up water supply line to replenish the normal .‫ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر ﻛﺎﻫﺶ آب ﻣﻌﻤﻮل از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ را ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
water losses from the system, automatically.

6.9.8 Fan motor ‫ اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﻓﻦ‬8-9-6

Fan motor shall be designed as per following :‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت زﻳﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
requirements:

a) Motor shall be designed and selected for ،1 ‫اﻟﻒ( اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺼﺐ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺧﻄﺮ ﻛﻼس‬
installation in hazardous area Class 1, Div. ‫ آﻣﺪه‬IPS-E-EL-110 ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬2 ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
2 as specified in IPS-E-EL-110.
.‫اﺳﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
b) Fan motor shall not be placed in the air ‫ب( اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﻓﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در‬
stream but shall be mounted in a location ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎدﮔﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس‬
easily accessible for maintenance. .‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Fan stop push buttons to be located at ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﻛﺮدن ﻓﻦ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ و‬
ground level and start-stop push buttons to ‫ ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﻛﺮدن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ در ارﺗﻔﺎع‬-‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري روﺷﻦ‬
be located at fan level will be furnished by
purchaser. .‫ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬

c) Fan and motor shall be designed for .‫ج( ﻓﻦ و اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎر ﻣﺪاوم ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
continuous operation.

d) Fan motor shall be in accordance with IPS-M-EL-132 ‫د( اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
IPS-M-EL-132 "Induction Motors". .‫" اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ" ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The motor shall be explosion/flame proof ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺿﺪ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر )ﺷﻌﻠﻪ( ﺑﺎ دو ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
with two or variable speeds operation
.‫ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
depending onthe design requirements.
Motor horsepower shall be sufficient to ‫ﺗﻮان اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر )ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ اﺳﺐ ﺑﺨﺎر( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻓﻦ در‬
meet the fan requirements at maximum .‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ زاوﻳﻪ ﭘﺮه و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ را ﺑﺮآورده ﺳﺎزد‬
required pitch angle and design speed.

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e) Motor shall have ratings, including ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﻓﻦ و‬،‫ﻫ( اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮاﻧﻲ‬
service factors for fan and gear, at least (‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ درﺻﺪي از ﺗﻮان اﺳﻤﻲ ﺗﺮﻣﺰي )ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات‬،‫دﻧﺪه‬
equal to the following percentage of the
rated brake kW of fan including gear loss:
:‫ﻓﻦ ذﻳﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻓﺖ ﺗﻮان دﻧﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

Motor Nameplate Percent of Rated Brake

Ratings(KW)
‫ﺗﻮان ﻣﻨﺪرج در ﭘﻼك ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ ﺗﻮان اﺳﻤﻲ ﺗﺮﻣﺰي اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر‬
(‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر)ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات‬
19 kW & Less 130
22.5-56 kW 120
75 kW & over 115

However, the rated brake horsepower shall not ‫ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮان ﺗﺮﻣﺰي اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر )اﺳﺐ ﺑﺨﺎر( ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﺠﺎوز از‬
exceed the motor nameplate rating. Where it ‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬.‫ﺗﻮان ﻣﻨﺪرج در ﭘﻼك ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
appears that this will lead to unnecessary
،‫اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎر ﮔﺮدﻧﺪه را ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺰرگ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺿﺮوري ﺳﻮق دﻫﺪ‬
oversizing of the driver, an alternate quotation
may be submitted for purchaser’s .‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
consideration.

6.10 Safety Provisions ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬10-6

6.10.1 General ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-10-6

Safety provisions shall be provided in the ‫اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
design of the cooling tower and the relevant ‫ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ آن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن ﺗﻤﺎم ﺧﻄﺮات‬
auxiliary equipment to minimize all hazards.
‫ ﺧﻄﺮات ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ و‬.‫دﻳﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
The hazards generated by the cooling tower
comprises of the followings and the others ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ داده ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
described in the relevant clauses of this :‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Standard:

a) Hazards generated by electrical, ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬،‫اﻟﻒ( ﺧﻄﺮات اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬
mechanical and instrumentation equipment. .‫و اﺑﺰار دﻗﻴﻘﻲ‬
b) Hazards which may be encountered ‫ب( ﺧﻄﺮاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ در زﻣﺎن دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ و‬
during personnel access and possibility of ‫ داﺧﻞ‬،‫ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬،‫ﮔﻴﺮاﻓﺘﺎدن اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ‬
their trapping, in the extremely humid
conditions, inside the cooling tower.
.‫ ﺑﺎ آن ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬

c) Environmental hazards. ‫ج( ﺧﻄﺮات زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬

d) Icing hazard. ‫د( ﺧﻄﺮات ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ‬

e) Fire hazard. ‫ﻫ( ﺧﻄﺮات آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮزي‬

The procedures which shall be followed by the ‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن‬
vendor to minimize the hazards are described ‫ﺧﻄﺮات دﻧﺒﺎل ﺷﻮد در ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ دﻳﮕﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد و‬
in other relevant parts of this Standard and
‫ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ‬،‫ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬5-10-6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬2-10-6 ‫ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
Clauses 6.10.2 to 6.10.5 of this part, but,
however, vendor is responsible to provide ‫ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪاﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻤﻪ ﺧﻄﺮات دﻳﮕﺮ‬،‫ﺣﺎل‬
provisions for any other hazard which may be ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در زﻣﺎن ﻛﺎر و ﻳﺎ‬
encountered in the cooling towers during
operation and/or shut down. .‫ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺷﻲ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

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6.10.2 Electrical and instrumentation ‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺮﻗﻲ و اﺑﺰار دﻗﻴﻘﻲ‬2-10-6
equipment
Emergency locked control switches shall be ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻗﻔﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﺎر ﻫﻤﻪ اﻟﻜﺘﺮو‬
installed adjacent to all motors. All electrical
‫ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺮﻗﻲ و ﻧﺼﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬.‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮد‬
plant and installation shall comply with the
relevant electrical safety regulations and be .‫ﻣﻘﺮرات اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
suitable for the operating conditions. All ‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺮﻗﻲ و اﺑﺰار دﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺼﺐ در ﻣﺤﺪوده‬
electrical and instrumentation equipment shall
be designed for installation in hazardous areas, ‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬2 ‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬،1 ‫ﺧﻄﺮ ﻛﻼس‬
Class 1, Div. 2 as specified in IPS-E-EL-110. .‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬IPS-E-EL-110
6.10.3 Access ‫ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬3-10-6
The following facilities with suitable design ‫ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﻮع و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮج‬
conforming to the type and design requirement .‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺮدد‬
of the cooling towers shall be provided:

a) Access to all parts of the cooling tower ‫اﻟﻒ(دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ اﺟﺰاء ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و‬
for maintenance, inspection and repair, ،‫ درﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﻧﺮدﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ‬،‫ اﻣﺎ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻪ‬،‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري و ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
consisting, but not limited, of ladders,
doors, walkways, stairway, guard railing
،‫ ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬،‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻧﺮدﻛﺸﻲ ﺣﻔﺎظ‬،‫ ﭘﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ‬
assembly, safety cages, jib crane or davits .‫ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺑﺎزوﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻫﺎ و ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
and cranes.

b) Access doors shall be designed to be ‫ب( درﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬
easily opened from the inside and shall be ‫ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎي درﻫﺎي‬.‫از داﺧﻞ و ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺧﺎرج ﺑﺎز ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
opened outwards. Access doors bolts,
locks, etc., shall be such as to prevent
‫ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻫﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ از ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬،‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬
accidental fastening. .‫ﺷﺪن ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬

c) If escape ladders are provided they shall ‫ج( اﮔﺮ ﻧﺮدﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮار ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ اﻣﺘﺪاد‬
be extended to the floor. .‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
d) More than one access way shall be ‫د( ﺑﺮاي ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ راه دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬
provided for high levels. .‫ﺷﻮد‬
6.10.4 Guards on rotating equipment ‫ ﺣﻔﺎظ ﻫﺎي روي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات دوار‬4-10-6
Suitable and adequate guards shall be ‫ﺟﻬﺖ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات دوار ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﻔﺎظ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و‬
provided on rotating equipment for personnel .‫ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدد‬
safety

6.10.5 Fire prevention ‫ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮزي‬5-10-6

Properly designed, fire fighting, detection and ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺧﺮﻳﺪار و ﻣﻮاد‬،‫ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
alarm system shall be Provided by the Vendor ‫ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺸﻒ و‬،‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
for the cooling tower according to the design
requirements of the cooling tower, Purchaser’s ‫ در ﻣﻮارد‬.‫اﻋﻼم ﺧﻄﺮ آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮزي ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺳﺎزد‬
requirements and materials selected for .‫ ﭘﻴﺮوي ﻛﺮد‬214 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬NFPA ‫ﺧﺎص ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
different parts. NFPA standard No. 214 may
be followed in special cases.

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For the cooling towers containing wood in any ،‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اي ﻛﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ اﺟﺰاء ﭼﻮﺑﻲ دارﻧﺪ‬
part, wetting wood parts with enough water ‫اﺟﺰاء ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي آب ﻛﺎﻓﻲ در ﻃﻲ زﻣﺎن ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺷﻲ‬
during cooling tower shut down shall be used.
‫ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻮاد ﺿﺪ آﺗﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬.‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
However selecting fire retardant materials will
increase the reliability and safety of the .‫اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن و اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه را اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‬
cooling tower.

6.11 Special Requirements ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺧﺎص‬11-6

6.11.1 Outlet water temperature lower limit ‫ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دﻣﺎي آب ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬1-11-6

If the purchaser requires that the outlet water ‫اﮔﺮ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻻزم ﺑﺪاﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ دﻣﺎي آب ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از درﺟﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
temperature shall not fall below a ‫ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻜﻲ از روﺷﻬﺎي ذﻳﻞ را ﺑﺮاي‬،‫ﺷﺪهاي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻳﺪ‬
predetermined degree, then one of the
:‫زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺳﺮد ﺳﺎل ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮد‬
following methods shall be provided by the
vendor for cold times of the year:

a) For locations where freezing condition ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ‬
does not exist, a bypass line shall be ‫ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر ﺑﻴﻦ ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺧﻂ آب ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آﻧﭽﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
provided between inlet and outlet water
line, as shown in Fig. 10,
،‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدد‬10

or the numbers of packing cells in ‫ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ در ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎر و ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮاي ﻋﺒﻮري‬
operation and the air flow through the .‫از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
cooling tower shall be reduced.

b) In locations with the possible freezing ‫ ﺑﺮج‬،‫ب( در ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
conditions, the cooling tower shall be ‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ‬
equipped with multicell packings and/or
multi-speed fans so that it will be possible
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬،‫ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻪ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
to reduce the number of packing cells in ‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ در ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎر و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮاي ﻋﺒﻮري از ﺑﺮج‬
operation and/or reducing the air flow .‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
through the cooling tower.

‫آب ﮔﺮم‬ ‫آب ﮔﺮم‬

‫ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه‬

‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎر ﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﻪ دﻣﺎ‬

(‫)ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻓﻦ ﻣﺤﺪود‬

‫آب ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه‬

‫آب ﺳﺮدﺗﺮ ﺷﺪه‬

17 Fig. 10
10 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

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 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)
6.11.2 Effect of the high temperature of the ‫ اﺛﺮ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي آب ﮔﺮم ورودي‬2-11-6
inlet warm water
If the highest expected temperature of the inlet ‫اﮔﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ دﻣﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﻈﺎر آب ﮔﺮم ورودي ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮوي ﻣﻮاد‬
warm water can harmfully affect the selected
‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از اﺟﺰاء اﺛﺮ ﺳﻮء ﺑﮕﺬارد در اﻳﻦ ﺻﻮرت‬
materials of some parts of the cooling tower,
then the provision shown in Fig. 11 shall be .‫ را ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﻴﺮد‬11 ‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
provided by the Vendor.

‫از ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر‬

Fig. 11

11 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

6.11.3 Provisions for removing scales ‫ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺬف رﺳﻮﺑﺎت‬3-11-6

If the water which is going to be cooled in the ‫اﮔﺮ آﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﻨﻚ ﺷﺪن وارد ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد در‬
cooling tower, deposits scales in any part of ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه رﺳﻮب اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
the cooling tower, one or both of the following
‫ﻫﺮدو دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
procedures, shall be followed and relevant
equipment and material shall be provided by .‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
the Vendor:
a) Using proper chemicals to wash and ‫اﻟﻒ( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ و‬
clean-out scales.
.‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ رﺳﻮﺑﺎت‬
b) Using high pressure water streams to ‫ب( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺬف رﺳﻮﺑﺎت‬
remove scale.

6.11.4 Vibration isolation ‫ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت‬4-11-6

For the cooling towers that critical situation of ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اي ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت ﺑﻴﺶ‬
excessive vibration exists, properly designed ‫ ﻟﺮزه ﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ‬،‫از ﺣﺪ وﺟﻮد دارد‬
vibration isolators shall be provided.
.‫ﮔﺮدد‬

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6.11.5 Provisions for fans stopping when ‫ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻓﻦ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺮق ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ‬5-11-6
there is no power supply to their motors ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬
Suitable provisions shall be provided by the ‫اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻓﻦﻫﺎ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺮق ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ‬
Vendor to stop fans when there is no power
supply to their motor drivers. .‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد‬

6.11.6 Screens for air inlet ‫ ﺗﻮري ورودي ﻫﻮا‬6-11-6

In places where ambient air contains excessive ‫در ﺟﺎﻫﺎﺋﻴﻜﻪ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺣﺎوي ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ زﻳﺎدي از ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﻠﻖ و‬
amounts of leaves and other debrises which
‫آﺷﻐﺎﻟﻬﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
are harmful for the cooling tower operation, it
‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻻزم ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺗﻮري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در‬،‫ﻣﻀﺮﻧﺪ‬
may be necessary to provide suitable screens,
subject to purchaser’s approval, in the air inlet ‫ اﻳﻦ ﺗﻮري ﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ‬.‫ورودي ﻫﻮاي ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮد‬
to the cooling tower. These screens shall be ‫ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎري و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري آﺳﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ روي ﻳﻚ ﭘﻨﻞ ﺟﺪاﺷﻮﻧﺪه‬
prepared and installed in separate removable .‫ﻣﺠﺰا ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ و ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮد‬
panels for ease of maintenance and cleaning.

6.12 Performance Tests ‫ آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد‬12-6

Performance tests on the cooling tower shall be ‫آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ آﻳﻴﻦ‬
done according to CTI Code ATC-105 and ‫ اﻧﺠﺎم‬ATC-105 ‫ و اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ATC-105 , CTI ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
relevant ATC-105 addendum. Vendor shall
‫ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮات ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
prepare detailed test procedure considering
purchaser’s comments, and perform the tests in ‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ آزﻣﻮن را آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزد و در ﺣﻀﻮر ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬
attendance of purchaser. The equipment for ‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬.‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت را اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‬
performance test shall be provided, calibrated
and installed by Vendor. The final test results ‫ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮه و ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدد‬،‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬
shall be reported by Vendor. Any deviation ‫ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺤﺮاف از‬.‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﮔﺰارش ﺷﻮد‬
from the specified technical characteristics
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﻮد و روش رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ‬
shall be reported and the method to reach to the
specified figures and/or performance shall be ‫ﺷﻜﻞ وﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺮح داده‬
stated in this report too. .‫ﺷﻮد‬
Vendor shall be completely responsible to ‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﺎر اﺻﻼﺣﻲ در اﻳﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ‬
carry out any rectification work in this regard
free of charge with the methods described in ‫را ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺠﺎﻧﻲ و ﺑﺎ روﺷﻬﺎي ﺷﺮح داده ﺷﺪه آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
CTI Codes and/or agreed upon with purchaser. ‫ آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي‬.‫ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪه ﺑﮕﻴﺮد‬CTI
The performance tests shall be carried out after
commissioning of the cooling tower and its ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺲ از راه اﻧﺪازي ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
auxiliary equipment and before provisional
acceptance. .‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ و ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‬
6.13 Warranties and Guarantees ‫ ﺗﻌﻬﺪات و ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺎ‬13-6
Vendor shall be responsible to eliminate any
‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ رﻓﻊ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻴﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻃﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎل‬
defects encountered during one year operation
of the cooling tower and its relevant auxiliary ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
equipment after it is provisionally accepted by .‫ رخ داده اﺳﺖ را ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪه ﺑﮕﻴﺮد‬،‫ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬
the Purchaser.
These rectification activities shall be done free
of charge and shall be finished within the one ‫اﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ اﺻﻼﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ راﻳﮕﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم و در ﻃﻲ دوره ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬
year guarantee period after provisional
acceptance. The cooling tower and its auxiliary ‫ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و‬.‫ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺖ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
equipment will be finally accepted by
purchaser after one year guarantee period is ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ آن ﭘﺲ از ﭘﺎﻳﺎن دوره ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺖ و ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
expired and all defects are rectified meeting
purchaser’s approval. .‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻴﻮب ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪﻳﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬

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3 PART 2 2 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
4 MATERIALS ‫ﻣﻮاد‬

7. PURPOSE AND GENERAL ‫ﻫﺪف و اﻟﺰﻣﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬-7

REQUIREMENTS
This part of standard specifies the minimum ‫اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
requirements for materials of different parts of
‫ در‬.‫ﺑﺮجﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و اﺟﺰا ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎزد‬
the cooling towers and relevant components. In
selecting materials for different parts of ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺮاي ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در اﻳﻦ‬
cooling towers described in this Standard, ‫ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﺧﺎص ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺷﺮح داده ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬
depending on the specific type of the cooling
tower, the applicable clauses of this Part of ‫ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻋﻤﺎل از اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ‬، ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
standard shall be considered: :‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
a) The possibility of using treated wood as ‫اﻟﻒ( اﻣﻜﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭼﻮب ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻮاد‬
the material of any part, shall be declared ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه اﻋﻼم ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ در‬،‫ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
by the purchaser to the vendor, otherwise
vendor shall not use wood in any part of the
‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﭼﻮب در ﻫﻴﭻ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﺑﺮج‬
cooling tower. . ‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﻨﺪ‬

b) If wood is going to be used in any part of ‫ب(اﮔﺮ ﻗﺮار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ از ﭼﻮب در ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
the cooling tower, the inlet warm water ‫ دﻣﺎي آب ﮔﺮم ورودي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ درﺟﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ‬،‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
temperature shall be limited to the certain
degree not to have mal effect on wood. If
‫ اﮔﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬. ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﺮ ﭼﻮب ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺷﻮد‬
reducing the inlet warm water temperature, ‫دﻣﺎي آب ﮔﺮم ورودي ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
is not possible due to the main plant’s ‫ اﻳﻦ دﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ از آب‬، ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
requirements, then it shall be reduced by
mixing a proper portion of the outlet cold ‫ﺳﺮد ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺑﺎ آب ﮔﺮم ورودي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
water with the inlet warm water as typically ‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﺎ‬.‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬، ‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬12
shown in Fig. 12. In these cases the cooling
capacity of the cooling tower shall be ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺧﻨﻚ ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ آب‬
increased to provide the cold water required . ‫ﺳﺮد ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺎ آب ﮔﺮم ورودي اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
for mixing with inlet warm water.

c) Plastic materials shall have a flame ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬ASTM-E84 ‫ج( ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
spread classification of not more than 25 .‫ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬25 ‫داراي رده ﺑﻨﺪي ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺷﻌﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
per ASTM-E84.

d) All metal surfaces which will come in ‫د( ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻠﺰي در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ آب ﻳﺎ ﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺳﻄﻮح‬
contact with water and water mist, except ‫ﻓﻮﻻدي ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه و زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ رﻧﮓ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻃﺒﻖ‬
galvanized and stainless steel surfaces, shall
.‫ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ رﻧﮓ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-E-TP-100 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
be properly epoxy painted. In accordance
with IPS-E-TP-100.

e) If the location of cooling tower has a ‫ﻫ( اﮔﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه داراي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك‬
highly hazardous deteriorating condition, ‫ ﭼﻮب در ﻫﻴﭻ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از آن ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬، ‫ﻣﺨﺮب ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
wood shall not be used for any part of it,
unless otherwise specified by the Purchaser.
. ‫ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬

8. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION ‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬-8

According to the specific requirements of each ‫ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي‬، ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت وﻳﮋه ﻫﺮ ﭘﺮوژه‬
project, proper materials shall be selected for ‫ ﺗﺎ‬1-8 ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آﻧﭽﻪ در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
different parts of the cooling tower as specified
. ‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬22-8
in Clauses 8.1 to 8.22.

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8.1 Basin ‫ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬1-8
Unless otherwise specified, basin shall be ‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
constructed of proper reinforced concrete. .‫ﺻﻮرت دﻳﮕﺮي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدد‬
8.2 Basin Sump ‫ ﭼﺎﻻب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬2-8
Basin sump shall be constructed of proper ،‫ﭼﺎﻻب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬
reinforced concrete or specified material with .‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻜﺶ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ اﺧﺘﻼﻟﻲ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﺸﻮد‬
enough depth so as the pump not to loose
suction.

8.3 Cooling Tower Framework (Structure) (‫ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه )ﺳﺎزه‬3-8

8.3.1 Framework of the field erected cooling ‫ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬1-3-8
towers shall be made using one of the . ‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮدن ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻮاد زﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
following materials:
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻓﻮﻻد‬
a) Steel
‫ب( ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬
b) Reinforced concrete
‫ج( ﭼﻮب‬
c) Wood

8.3.2 It shall be noted that if the cooling tower ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﺮد ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در‬2-3-8
is to be resistant to fire, reinforced concrete ‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻮاد‬، ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮزي ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
shall be selected as the material of framework
(Structure). If wood is going to be used for
‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﺮج‬. ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ )ﺳﺎزه( اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
framework of cooling tower, it shall be ‫ ﭼﻮب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ‬،‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه از ﭼﻮب اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدد‬
selected and treated as follow: . ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﻮد‬
a) Douglas Fir Wood considering CTI CTI ‫اﻟﻒ( ﭼﻮب داﮔﻼس ﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
bulletin STD-114, shall be selected. . ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬STD-114 ‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ‬
b) Wood shall be treated according to the
STD WMS-112 ، CTI ‫ب( ﭼﻮب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
CTI STD WMS-112 using acid copper
chromate (ACC) treatment. Prior to . ‫( ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﻮد‬ACC) ‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﺮوﻣﺎت ﻣﺲ‬
treatment, moisture content of the wood
shall not exceed 19% for air dried material
19 ‫ ﻣﻴﺰان رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﭼﻮب ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬، ‫ﭘﻴﺶ از ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬
and 15% for kiln dried material. Deviation ‫ درﺻﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاد‬15 ‫درﺻﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮا و‬
from the required penetration or retention,
as determined from specimens ‫ اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه از ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻳﺎ‬. ‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪه در ﻛﻮره ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
representative of the condition and ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺮف‬
dimensions of the tower components to be
treated, requires approval of the purchaser. ‫ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬،‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ و اﺑﻌﺎد اﺟﺰاء ﺑﺮج ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
. ‫اﺳﺖ‬
*If water born salts are used, seasoning ، ‫ ﭘﺲ از ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬،‫* اﮔﺮ از آﺑﻬﺎي ﻧﻤﻜﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
after treatment shall be continued for ‫آﻏﺸﺘﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﻛﺎﻓﻲ اداﻣﻪ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ واﻛﻨﺶ‬
enough time to complete the chemical
. ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ درون ﭼﻮب ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺮدد‬
reaction within the wood.

8.3.3 Framework of the factory assembled ‫ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از‬3-3-8
cooling towers shall be either steel or wood. If ‫ اﮔﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬. ‫ﭼﻮب ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﻻد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
location of the cooling tower and relevant
processes create corrosive conditions, then
‫ ﭼﻮب ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬، ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
proper wood can be used subject to purchaser’s . ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
approval.
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8.4 Casing ‫ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬4-8
Casing material shall be selected as follow: : ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬

a) The casing material of the cooling towers ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
with reinforced concrete framework shall be . ‫ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
precast concrete panels.
b) The casing material of the field erected ‫ب( ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‬
cooling towers with wood or steel
framework, shall be fire retardant fiber ‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﺪار ﻣﻘﺎوم‬
reinforced polyester corrugated panels. . ‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﻟﻴﺎف ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ ﺿﺪ آﺗﺶ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
c) The casing material of the factory ‫ج( ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺷﺪه در‬
assembled cooling towers, shall be . ‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻓﻮﻻد ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
galvanized steel.

8.5 Splash Type Packings ‫ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮع ﭼﻜﻪ اي‬5-8

One of the following materials shall be used: : ‫ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻮاد زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬

a) Douglas Fir Wood considering Clauses 2-3-8 ‫اﻟﻒ( ﭼﻮب داﮔﻼس ﻓﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
8.3.2 (a) and (b) of this Standard shall be . ‫)اﻟﻒ( و )ب( اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬
used.
b) poly vinyl chloride(PVC) may be used in ‫( ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ‬PVC) ‫ب( ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮاﻳﺪ‬
locations where there is a low fire risk. . ‫آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮزي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬
c) Stainless steel may be used when totally ‫ج( ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن در زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺿﺪ آﺗﺶ ﻣﻮرد‬
fireproof material is required.
. ‫ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬
8.6 Film Type Packings ‫ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮع ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ‬6-8
The material of film type packings shall be (PVC) ‫ﻣﻮاد ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮع ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮاﻳﺪ‬
high efficiency cellular polyvinyl chloride .‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
(PVC).

8.7 Spray Nozzles ‫ اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ‬7-8

The material of spray type nozzles shall be . ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬PVC ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎي اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ‬
ceramic or PVC.

8.8 Louvers ‫ ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬8-8

8.8.1 The material of louvers in the field ‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ در ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه در‬1-8-8
erected cooling tower with reinforced concrete ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻠﻲ‬
framework shall be precast reinforced concrete . ‫اﺳﺘﺮ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﻟﻴﺎف ﺿﺪ آﺗﺶ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
or fire retardant fiber reinforced polyester.

8.8.2 The material of louvers in cooling towers ‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ در ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬2-8-8
with wood framework, shall be properly ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﭼﻮب داﮔﻼس ﻓﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
treated Douglas Fir Wood considering Clause
8.3.2 (a) and (b) of this Standard.
.‫ )اﻟﻒ( و )ب( اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬2-3-8 ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬

8.8.3 The material of louvers in the factory ‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﺷﺪه در‬3-8-8
assembled cooling towers with steel . ‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻮﻻد ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
framework, shall be galvanized steel.

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8.9 Drift Eliminators ‫ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬9-8

8.9.1 If splash type packings of wood material ، ‫ اﮔﺮ از ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻜﻪ اي از ﺟﻨﺲ ﭼﻮب اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدد‬1-9-8
is going to be used in the cooling tower, then ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﭼﻮب ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬، ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬
the material of drift eliminators, shall be
properly treated wood considering Clauses
(‫ )اﻟﻒ( و )ب( اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬2-3-8 ‫ﺷﺪه )ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
8.3.2 (a) and (b) of this Standard. . ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

8.9.2 If packing material is PVC, the material ‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي‬، ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬PVC ‫ اﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬2-9-8
of drift eliminators shall be cellular polyvinyl .‫( ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬PVC) ‫آب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮاﻳﺪ‬
chloride (PVC).

8.10 Blade of Axial Flow Type Fans ‫ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺤﻮري‬10-8
Blade material of axial flow type fans, shall be ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺤﻮري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ اﻟﻴﺎف ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
polyester with fiberglass or aluminum cast . ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ASTM B179 ‫ﻳﺎ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
according to ASTM B179.

8.11 Blade of Centrifugal Flow type Fans ‫ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬11-8
Blade material of centrifugal flow type fans ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻮﻻد ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪه‬
shall be steel, being hot dip galvanized. . ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
8.12 Fan Hub ‫ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ‬12-8
8.12.1 Fan hub material shall be so selected ‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ از‬1-12-8
that it is structurally compatible with blade . ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺎزه اي ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري و وزن ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﺴﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
weight and loading.

8.12.2 One of the following material shall be ‫ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻮاد زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮر‬2-12-8
selected as the hub material: :‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
a) Galvanized structural steel. .‫اﻟﻒ( ﻓﻮﻻد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه‬

b) Ductile cast iron (ASTM-A 536) ‫( ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه ﻃﺒﻖ‬ASTM-A536) ‫ب( ﭼﺪن ﻧﺸﻜﻦ‬
galvanized per ASTM-A153. ASTM-A153

c) Gray cast iron ‫ج( ﭼﺪن ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي‬

‫د( آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﻛﺎر ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ رﻳﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﻫﺎي آب ﺷﻮر‬

d) Wrought or cast aluminum For brackish
and sea water services, zinc coated hubs ‫ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎي روي اﻧﺪود ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ دو ﻻﻳﻪ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬، ‫و آب درﻳﺎ‬
shall be coated with two coats of coal tar ‫ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﺮان زﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اﺳﻤﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻻﻳﻪ‬
polyamide epoxy 400 µm total nominal dry . ‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داده ﺷﻮد‬400 ،‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬
film thickness.

8.12.3 If different metallic materials are going ‫ اﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻴﻐﻪ و ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻣﻮرد‬3-12-8
to be used for fan blade and hub, they shall be ‫ ﻓﻠﺰات‬،‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد ؛ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
separated from each other to prevent galvanic
corrosion.
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﺪا ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬

8.13 Fan Deck ‫ ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ‬13-8

8.13.1 The fan deck material shall be . ‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺲ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﻫﻤﺴﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬1-13-8
compatible with framework material.

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8.13.2 For cooling towers with wood ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﺟﻨﺲ‬2-13-8
framework, the fan deck material, shall be . ‫ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻲ ﻓﺎق و زﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
tongue and groove fir plywood.

8.13.3 For cooling towers with reinforced ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬3-13-8
concrete framework, the fan deck material, . ‫ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬T ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ دوﺑﻞ‬، ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ‬
shall be prestressed double-tee sections.

8.13.4 For cooling towers with steel ‫ ﺟﻨﺲ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﻓﻮﻻدي‬4-13-8
framework, the fan deck material shall be ‫ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻓﻮﻻد ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
galvanized steel. In this case for brackish and
sea water services, fan deck shall be coated
‫ ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ دو ﻻﻳﻪ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬،‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي آب ﺷﻮر و آب درﻳﺎ‬
with two coats of coal tar polyamid epoxy 400 ‫ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﺮان زﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اﺳﻤﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
µm total nominal dry film thickness. . ‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داده ﺷﻮد‬400
8.14 Fan Stack (Cylinder) (‫ دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ )اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ‬14-8
One of the following materials shall be ‫ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻮاد زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﻨﺲ دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
selected as the fan stack (cylinder) material . ‫ﺟﻨﺲ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
depending on the framework material:

8.14.1 For cooling towers with all different ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺘﻲ از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎي‬1-14-8
materials of framework, fan stack material may ‫ ﺟﻨﺲ دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ‬،‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
be fiber reinforced plastic.
. ‫اﻟﻴﺎف ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
8.14.2 For cooling towers with wood ‫ ﭼﻮب ﺑﻪ‬، ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬2-14-8
framework, properly treated wood shall be . ‫ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
used.

8.14.3 For cooling towers with steel ‫دودﻛﺶ‬، ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﻓﻮﻻدي‬3-14-8
framework, steel fan stack shall be used. . ‫ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
8.15 Fan Shaft, Discs, Flexible Coupling, ‫ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬، ‫ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ دﻳﺴﻚ ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ‬15-8
and Bolting ‫و ﭘﻴﭻ و ﻣﻬﺮه‬
These components shall be stainless steel Type ‫ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬316 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬304 ‫اﻳﻦ اﺟﺰا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﻮع ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن ﻧﻮع‬
304 or Type 316. For brackish and sea water
services these components shall be stainless
‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت آب ﺷﻮر و آب درﻳﺎ اﻳﻦ اﺟﺰا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن ﻧﻮع‬
steel Type 316. .‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬316
8.16 Hardware (Bolts, Nuts, Washers, Nails, ، ‫ ﻣﻴﺦ ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ واﺷﺮﻫﺎ‬، ‫ ﻣﻬﺮه ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ ﺳﺨﺖ اﻓﺰار )ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ‬16 -8
Lag Screws and Washers) (‫ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻴﻤﻪ رزوه و واﺷﺮﻫﺎ‬
Fan bolts and hardware shall be made of ‫ ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه‬، ‫ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻦ و ﺳﺨﺖ اﻓﺰارﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ‬
carbon steel, galvanized per ASTM-A 123. For
brackish and sea water services, these ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺪﻣﺎت آب ﺷﻮر و آب‬. ‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASTM-A123 ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬
components shall be made of Type 316 . ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬316 ‫درﻳﺎ اﻳﻦ اﺟﺰا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن ﻧﻮع‬
stainless steel.

8.17 Supports and Guards for ، ‫ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و ﺣﻔﺎظ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬17-8
Mechanical Equipment, Electric Motor ‫ ﺣﻔﺎظ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻤﻨﻲ و‬، ‫ ﻧﺮدﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻗﻲ‬
Support, Ladders, Safety Cages and
Gratings ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻒ ﭘﻮش‬
All above mentioned components shall be ‫ ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪه ﻃﺒﻖ‬،‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ اﺟﺰا ﻓﻮق ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ‬
carbon steel, hot dip galvanized per ASTM-A . ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ASTM-A123
123.

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For brackish and sea water services, zinc
‫ ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ روي اﻧﺪود ﺑﺮاي‬، ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت آب ﺷﻮر و آب درﻳﺎ‬
coated carbon steel for mechanical equipment ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ و ﺣﻔﺎظ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ دو ﻻﻳﻪ از‬
supports and guards, shall be coated with two ‫رﻧﮓ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﺮان زﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اﺳﻤﻲ ﻛﻞ‬
coats of coal tar polyamid epoxy 400 µm total
. ‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮو ﻣﺘﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داده ﺷﻮد‬400 ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
nominal dry film thickness.

8.18 Packings Supports and Hangers ‫ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و ﮔﻴﺮه ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ‬18-8
The supports and hangers of the splash type ‫ و‬PVC ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و ﮔﻴﺮه ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻜﻪ اي از ﺟﻨﺲ‬
packings with PVC and stainless steel .‫ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن و ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
materials and film type packings shall be
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و ﮔﻴﺮه ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﭼﻜﻪ اي ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﭼﻮب ﺑﻪ‬
stainless steel. The supports and hangers for
the splash type packing with wood material, . ‫ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
shall be properly treated wood.

8.19 Tower Supports ‫ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮج‬19-8

The cooling tower supports shall be made of ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮج ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻳﺎ‬
reinforced concrete or steel depending on the .‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
Purchaser’s approval.

8.20 Risers, Manifolds, Reducers and ‫ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ و ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬، ‫ ﭼﻨﺪ راﻫﻪ ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ‬20-8
Distributors ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬
These components shall be hot-dip galvanized . ‫اﻳﻦ اﺟﺰاء ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻮﻻد ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
steel.

8.21 Risers and Trash Racks Including ‫ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و آﺷﻐﺎل ﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ‬21-8
Frame

8.21.1 For fresh water services these ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي آب ﺗﺎزه اﻳﻦ اﺟﺰا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ‬1-21-8
components shall be carbon steel galvanized . ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ASTM-A-123 ‫ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه ﻃﺒﻖ‬
per ASTM-A 123

8.21.2 For brackish and sea water services ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي آب ﺷﻮر و آب درﻳﺎ اﻳﻦ اﺟﺰا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻮﻻد‬2-21-8
these components shall be stainless steel Type ‫ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد روﺷﻬﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺳﺨﺖ اﻓﺰار‬.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬316 ‫زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن‬
316. In these cases means of protecting
hardware from crevice corrosion, such as
‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﺪي ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻮﻻد‬،‫در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺷﻴﺎري‬
cathodic protection by carbon steel, shall be . ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬، ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ‬
provided.

8.22 Gear (Speed Reducer) Casing (‫ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه )ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬22-8

8.22.1 For fresh water services, it shall be cast ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺟﻨﺲ ﭼﺪن‬، ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي آب ﺗﺎزه‬1-22-8
or ductile iron properly galvanized. .‫ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي ﻳﺎ ﭼﺪن ﻧﺸﻜﻦ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺟﻨﺲ‬، ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي آب ﺷﻮر و آب درﻳﺎ‬2-22-8
8.22.2 For brackish and sea water services, it
shall be cast or ductile iron properly galvanized ‫ﭼﺪن ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي وﻳﺎ ﭼﺪن ﻧﺸﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ دو‬
and coated with two coats of coal tarpolyamide ‫ﻻﻳﻪ رﻧﮓ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﺮان زﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻛﻞ‬
epoxy 400 µm total nominal * dry film ‫ ﺑﺮاي‬. ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬، ‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داده ﺷﺪه‬400 ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
thickness. For Engineering Standard for Paint . ‫ را ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ‬IPS-E-TP-100 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ رﻧﮓ‬
see IPS-E-TP-100.

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5 APPENDICES ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ‬

6 APPENDIX A ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ اﻟﻒ‬
INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED BY ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار آﻣﺎده ﮔﺮدد‬
THE PURCHASER

A.1 Location of Site ‫ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‬1-‫اﻟﻒ‬

a) National grid ref. or equipment....................... ........................ ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ اي ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬.............. ‫ب( ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ‬
b) Height above ground level.......................... m
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬................ ‫ج( ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﺳﻄﺢ درﻳﺎ‬
c) Height above sea level................................ m
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬.................‫د( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﺑﺎد‬
d) Maximum expected wind speed............m/sec
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬......................... ‫ﻫ( ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬
e) Speed of prevailing wind ..................... m/sec
....................................................................................‫ز( ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬
f) Direction of prevailing wind……....................

A.2 Site Details ‫ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‬2-‫اﻟﻒ‬

a) Available area: : ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺳﻄﺢ در دﺳﺘﺮس‬

- Length..................................................... m ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬....................................................................................... ‫ ﻃﻮل‬-
- Width..................................................... m ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬...................................................................................... ‫ ﻋﺮض‬-
b) Height limit: :‫ب( ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
- min .......................................................... m ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬.................................................................................... ‫ ﻛﻤﻴﻨﻪ‬-
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬................................................................................... ‫ ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ‬-
- max .......................................................... m
................................................................. ‫ج( ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ دﻳﮕﺮ‬
c) Any other restrictions.................................
. ‫د( ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺮج ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
d) Drawing of tower location attached

A.3 Lifetime of the Cooling Tower and its ‫ ﻋﻤﺮ و ﻧﻮع ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬3-‫اﻟﻒ‬
Type

a) Lifetime ................................................. years ‫ ﺳﺎل‬................................................................................ ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ‬

b) Type (1)................................................
.......................................................................................(1) ‫ب( ﻧﻮع‬
( 2)
A.4 Restrictions on Unit Size (2) ‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه واﺣﺪ‬4-‫اﻟﻒ‬

a) Number of towers................................................ ............................................................................... ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎ‬

‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬............................................. ‫ب( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺟﺮم در ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ‬
b) Maximum lifetime mass ........................... kg
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬.................................................‫ج( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺟﺮم ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري‬
c) Maximum operating mass ......................... kg
:‫د( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
d) Max. permissible size of largest section:
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬.......................................................................................... ‫ ﻃﻮل‬-
- Length..................................................... m

- Width………................................................. m ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬......................................................................................... ‫ ﻋﺮض‬-

- Height……...................................................... m ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬........................................................................................ ‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع‬-

e) Are they required with basins? ‫ﻫ( آﻳﺎ ﺑﺮاي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد؟‬

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 ‫آﺑﺎن ‪Oct 2009 / 1388‬‬ ‫)‪IPS-G-ME-160(2‬‬
‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪A.5 Preliminary Duty of Each Tower (Design‬‬ ‫اﻟﻒ‪ 5-‬ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮاوردي ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮج )ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ(‬
‫)‪Conditions)(1‬‬

‫‪a) Water flow.............................................. m³/h‬‬ ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب ‪ ..................................................‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬

‫ب( دﻣﺎي آب ورودي ‪ ................................................‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫‪b) Inlet water temperature............................. °C‬‬
‫ج( دﻣﺎي آب ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‪ .................................................‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫‪c) Outlet water temperature …………..……..°C‬‬
‫)‪(4‬‬
‫)‪A.6 Ambient Air Conditions(4‬‬ ‫اﻟﻒ‪ 6-‬ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬

‫‪a) Max. dry bulb temperature ........................ °C‬‬ ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣﺎي ﺣﺒﺎب ﺧﺸﻚ ‪ ..........................‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫‪b) Min. dry bulb temperature......................... °C‬‬ ‫ب( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دﻣﺎي ﺣﺒﺎب ﺧﺸﻚ ‪ ..............................‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫‪c) Max. wet bulb temperature........................ °C‬‬ ‫ج( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣﺎي ﺣﺒﺎب ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ‪ ............................‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫‪d) min. wet bulb temperature ........................ °C‬‬ ‫د( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دﻣﺎي ﺣﺒﺎب ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ‪ ..............................‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫‪e) Max. relative humidity ............................... %‬‬ ‫ﻫ( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ‪ ..........................................‬درﺻﺪ‬
‫‪f) min. relative humidity................................ %‬‬ ‫و( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ‪ ...........................................‬درﺻﺪ‬
‫…………… ?‪g) Is sand storm happening at site‬‬ ‫ز( آﻳﺎ ﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﺷﻦ در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ اﺗﻔﺎق ﻣﻲ اﻓﺘﺪ؟‪.........................‬‬
‫‪h) Size of biggest particles in air …………..…..‬‬ ‫ح( اﻧﺪازه ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ذره ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻫﻮا ‪.....................................‬‬
‫……………… ‪i) Size of smallest particle in air‬‬ ‫ط( اﻧﺪازه ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ذره ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻫﻮا ‪...........................................‬‬

‫‪j) Amount of particles in air (%): .................................‬‬ ‫ي( ﻣﻴﺰان ذرات ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻫﻮا )ﺑﻪ درﺻﺪ(‪....................................... :‬‬

‫‪- By volume............................................... %‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ‪ .......................................................................‬درﺻﺪ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪- By weight ....................................................... %‬‬ ‫وزﻧﻲ ‪ ...........................................................................‬درﺻﺪ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫)‪k) preliminary ambient air design conditions:(1‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬

‫ك( ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫‪- Dry bulb temp ........................................ °C‬‬ ‫‪ -‬دﻣﺎي ﺣﺒﺎب ﺧﺸﻚ ‪ ....................................‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫‪- Wet bulb temp ........................................ °C‬‬ ‫‪ -‬دﻣﺎي ﺣﺒﺎب ﺗﺮ ‪ ............................................‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬

‫‪- Relative humidity....................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ‪...............................................‬‬

‫‪A.7 Electricity supply‬‬ ‫اﻟﻒ‪ 7-‬ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮق‬

‫‪a) Voltage....................................................... V‬‬ ‫اﻟﻒ( وﻟﺘﺎژ ‪ ......................................................................................‬وﻟﺖ‬

‫‪b) Phase.........................................................‬‬ ‫ب( ﻓﺎز ‪.................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪c) Frequency............................................. C/sec‬‬ ‫ج(ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ )ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ( ‪ .....................................................‬ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬
‫‪d) Available power …………...................... kW‬‬ ‫د( ﺗﻮان در دﺳﺘﺮس ‪ ..............................................................‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات‬

‫‪A.8 Noise‬‬ ‫اﻟﻒ‪ 8-‬ﺳﺮ و ﺻﺪا‬

‫‪The system shall be designed and provided to‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫‪comply with this Standard ............................ yes‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮد ‪ .....................................................................................................‬ﺑﻠﻪ‬

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 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)
A.9 Details of Water ‫ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت آب‬9-‫اﻟﻒ‬

a) Type.......................................................... ................................................................................................ ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻧﻮع‬

b) Source ……………................................... ................................................................................................ ‫ب( ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬
c) The variation of water analysis and ‫ج( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ و دﻣﺎي آب در زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎل)در ﺻﻮرت‬
temperature during different times of the year :‫وﺟﻮد( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در زﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
(if any) shall be as stated below:
d) Maximum inlet water temperature ............ °C ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬................................... ‫د( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣﺎي آب ورودي‬
e) Minimum inlet water temperature ............. °C ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬.................................... ‫ﻫ( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دﻣﺎي آب ورودي‬

f) Maximum acceptable outlet water ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬.............. ‫و( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل آب ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬
temperature …………………….................... °C
g) Minimum acceptable outlet water ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬............... ‫ز( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دﻣﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل آب ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬
temperature ……………………………….... °C
h) Water supplier …………........................... ..................................................................... ‫ح( ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬
i) Preliminary recommended details of intended ‫ط( ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت اوﻟﻴﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي دﻣﺎي آب ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه )اﮔﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم‬
water temperature ( if known) shall be as (1)
:‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
follows:(1)

j) Recommended purge rate (1) ................. L/sec

.... ‫ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬.................................(1) ‫ي( ﻧﺮخ دور رﻳﺰي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه‬

k) Mains pressure available for make up..... kPa ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬..................... ‫ك( ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺮاي آب ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ‬

l) pressure available at tower inlet...... kPa ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬...............‫ل( ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ورودي ﺑﺮج‬

m)Expected contamination ................................. ....................................................... ‫م( ﻣﻴﺰان آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﻈﺎر‬

n)Basin.................................................................................. ...................................................................................... ‫ن( ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬
1) The basin design shall be done by.................... ‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬.......................................... ‫( ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬1
2) The material shall be provided by................... ‫ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد‬............................................................. ‫( ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬2

o) Inlet and outlet pipe characteristics available :‫س( ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‬
at site: :‫( ورودي‬1
1) Inlet:
- Number........................................................... ................................................................................................ ‫ ﺗﻌﺪاد‬-
- Nominal size......................................................... ................................................................................... ‫ اﻧﺪازه اﺳﻤﻲ‬-
- Material (relevant standard).......................... ......................................................... (‫ ﺟﻨﺲ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬-
- Any flange available…………………….. .................................................................................. ‫ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬-
- Flange material (relevant standard)................... ................................................ (‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬-
- Location..................................................................... ......................................................................................... ‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬-

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 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)
2) Outlet: ‫( ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬2
- Number................................................................. ................................................................................................ ‫ ﺗﻌﺪاد‬-
- Nominal size............................................ ................................................................................... ‫ اﻧﺪازه اﺳﻤﻲ‬-
- Material (relevant standard)..................... .......................................................... (‫ ﺟﻨﺲ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬-
- Any flange available.................................... .................................................................................. ‫ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬-
- Flange material (relevant standard)................. ................................................. (‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬-
- Location………………………….................... ......................................................................................... ‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬-

p) Make up water ‫ع( آب ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ‬

- Temperature........................................... °C ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬...................................................................... ‫ دﻣﺎ‬-
- Pressure............ .......................................................kPa ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬.......................................................................... ‫ ﻓﺸﺎر‬-
- Quantity (3) .......................................................L/sec ‫ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬..................................................................... (3)‫ ﻣﻘﺪار‬-
- Source........................................................... ................................................................................ ‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬-
- Analysis shall be as follows: :‫ آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬-
................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
................................................................................................ ..............................................................................................................

A.10 Indoor Tank Method ‫ روش ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه‬10-‫اﻟﻒ‬

a) Is there any possibility to use indoor tank ‫اﻟﻒ( آﻳﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه وﺟﻮد دارد ؟‬
method?
b) The location of indoor tank and available ‫ب( ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه و ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ‬
space will be as follows: :‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬

A.11 Is there any possibility to use wood in any ‫ آﻳﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﻴﺮي ﭼﻮب در ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬11-‫اﻟﻒ‬
part of the cooling tower? ‫وﺟﻮد دارد ؟‬
A.12 Is it necessary to provide side stream ‫ آﻳﺎ ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻛﻨﺎري‬12-‫اﻟﻒ‬
filtration for basin water? (1) (1)
‫ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد ؟‬
Notes: :‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
1) They will be finalized during contract .‫( اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد در ﻃﻲ اﺟﺮاي ﻗﺮارداد ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬1
execution.

2) Any restrictions, particular to the site, shall ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮارد‬.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﻔﺎف ﺷﻮد‬،‫ ﻣﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‬،‫( ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ‬2
be made clear. Particular attention shall be :‫ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﻳﮋه ﺷﻮد‬
drawn to the followings:
- Restricted access for delivery vehicles. ‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ‬-
- Restricted access for cooling towers into ‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬-
building.
- Building design restrictions to air ‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻮا‬-
movement.

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 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)
- Details of adjacent chimneys, discharge ‫ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت دودﻛﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎور‬
ventilation fans or process discharges and ‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪي و دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ‬
other heat sources and equipment
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ‬
consideration shall be given to possible
environmental heat gain which may increase ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دﻣﺎي ﺣﺒﺎب ﺧﺸﻚ ﻫﻮاي‬
the wet bulb temperature of the air at intake .‫ داده ﺷﻮد‬،‫ورودي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
of the cooling tower.

3) This quantity is the maximum available and ‫( اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﺳﺖ و ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ در‬3
Vendor shall optimize the consumption .‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺼﺮف را ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
considering this Standard.

4) Complete details of the meteorological data ‫( ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﻛﺎﻣﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻫﻮا ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و‬4
shall be provided by purchaser and submitted to .‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه اراﺋﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
the Vendor as a part of this Appendix.

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 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)

7 APPENDIX B ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ب‬
INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED BY ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
VENDOR

B.1 Preliminary proposed type of tower(1) .................... ...................................................(1) ‫ ﻧﻮع ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮج‬1-‫ب‬
B.2 Number of towers.................................................. ........................................................................... ‫ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎ‬2-‫ب‬
B.3 Number of cells in each tower…......................... ......... .................................................. ‫ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎ در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮج‬3-‫ب‬
B.4 Maximum lifting/operating mass of ...................... ‫ در ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎر‬/‫ ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ وزن ﺑﺮج در ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺮدن‬4-‫ب‬
tower.................................................................. kg/kg ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم‬/‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم‬
B.5 Lifetime of cooling tower and its ‫ ﺳﺎل‬........ ‫ ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻛﻤﻜﻲ‬5-‫ب‬
auxiliaries............................................................ years
B.6 Dry mass of each tower............................... ................kg ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم‬............................................... ‫ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮج‬6-‫ب‬
B.7 A mass distribution diagram is ‫ ﺑﻠﻪ‬................... ‫ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ وزن ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬7-‫ب‬
enclosed................................................................. yes

B.8 Maximum size of largest section: :‫ ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ‬8-‫ب‬

- Length ............................................................................m ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬.................................................................................... ‫ ﻃﻮل‬-
- Width............................................................... m ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬................................................................................... ‫ ﻋﺮض‬-
- Height ..................................................................... m ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬.................................................................................. ‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع‬-
B.9 Design of basin will be done by........................... ‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬.......................... ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬9 -‫ب‬
B.10 Material of basin will be supplied by.................. ‫ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬..........................‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬10 -‫ب‬
(1)
B.11 Preliminary duty of each tower (design :(‫ ﺑﺎر اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮج )ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬11-‫ب‬
conditions):(1)
a) Water flow................... ........................................m³/hr ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬........................................... ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب‬
b) Inlet water temperature............................. °C ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬.......................................... ‫ب( دﻣﺎي آب ورودي‬
c) Outlet water temperature ......................... °C ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬......................................... ‫ج( دﻣﺎي آب ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬

B.12 Preliminary proposed packings:(1) :‫ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي اوﻟﻴﻪ‬12 -‫ب‬

a) Type................................................................ ............................................................................................. ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻧﻮع‬
b) Material........................................................... ......................................................................................... ‫ب( ﺟﻨﺲ‬
B.13 Casing: :‫ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬13-‫ب‬
a) Material.............................................................. ......................................................................................... ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺟﻨﺲ‬
b) Protective treatment.............................................................. ........................................................................ ‫ب( ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ‬

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 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)
B.14 Fans: :‫ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ‬14 -‫ب‬
a) Type................................................................... ......................................................................................... ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻧﻮع‬
b) Number in each tower........................................ ................................................................... ‫ب( ﺗﻌﺪاد در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮج‬
c) Fan static pressure........................................ kPa ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬................................................ ‫ج( ﻓﺸﺎر اﻳﺴﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﻦ‬
d) Fan speed ................................................................rpm ‫ دور ﺑﺮ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬.............................................................. ‫د( ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻦ‬
e) Handling wet of ambient air....................................... ................................................. ‫ﻫ( رﻃﻮﺑﺖ زﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
f) Manufacturer............................................................ ........................................................................................ ‫و( ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬

B.15 Motors: :‫ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬15 -‫ب‬

.................................................................. ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻌﺪاد در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮج‬
a) Number per tower................................................
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات‬............................................. ‫ب( ﺗﻮان درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﺗﻮر‬
b) Absorbed power by each motor................... kW
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات‬.................................................... ‫ج( ﺗﻮان اﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮر‬
c) Rated power of each motor.......................... kW
d) Speed.............................................................. rpm
‫ دور ﺑﺮ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬..................................................................... ‫د( ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬

e) Electricity supply:
:‫ﻫ( ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮق‬
‫ وﻟﺖ‬.................................................................................... ‫ وﻟﺘﺎژ‬-
- Voltage.................................. .............................................V
.......................................................................................... ‫ ﻓﺎز‬-
- Phase…………………………………………..
‫ ﻫﺮﺗﺰ‬.............................................................. (‫ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ )ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ‬-
- Frequency..................................................... Hz
f) Frame size............................................................ ................................................................................... ‫و( اﻧﺪازه ﻗﺎب‬
g) Enclosure................................................................................. ...................................................................................... ‫ز( ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬
h) Manufacturer...................................................... ...................................................................................... ‫ح( ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬
i) Inside wet stream (yes/no)................................... ........................................ (‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬/‫ط( ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺮﻃﻮب داﺧﻠﻲ )ﺑﻠﻪ‬
j) Outside wet stream (yes/no)................................ ....................................... (‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬/‫ي( ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ )ﺑﻠﻪ‬

B.16 Drive details will be as follows: :‫ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﮔﺮدش ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬16-‫ب‬

B.17 Distribution system: : ‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬17-‫ب‬

a) Type....................................................................... ........................................................................................ ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻧﻮع‬
b) Minimum pressure at tower inlet.................. kPa ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬................. ‫ب( ﻛﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﺸﺎر در ورودي ﺑﺮج‬
B.18 Drift eliminators: :‫ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬18-‫ب‬
a) Material............................................................. ................................................................................... ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺟﻨﺲ‬
b) Expected drift loss ................................................ % ‫ درﺻﺪ‬.........................‫ب( ﺗﻠﻔﺎت آب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﻈﺎر‬

B.19 Purge rate (1)........................................... L/sec ‫ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬................................................(1) ‫ ﻧﺮخ دور رﻳﺰ‬19-‫ب‬

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 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)
(1)
B.20 Required make up:(1) :‫ آب ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬20-‫ب‬
- Pressure ......................................................... kPa ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬...................................................................... ‫ ﻓﺸﺎر‬-
- Temperature ................................................ °C ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬.................................................................. ‫ دﻣﺎ‬-
- Flow............................................................. L/sec ‫ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬................................................................... ‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬-
- Analysis shall be as follows:
:‫ آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬-
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
................................................................................................

B.21 Noise ‫ ﺳﺮ و ﺻﺪا‬21-‫ب‬

The system shall be designed and provided to comply .‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
with this Standard.

B.22 All information listed in Appendix A, items ،9-‫ ﻣﻮارد اﻟﻒ‬،‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت درج ﺷﺪه در ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ اﻟﻒ‬22-‫ب‬
A.9, A.10 and A.11 shall be provided and listed ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ و در زﻳﺮ درج‬،11-‫ اﻟﻒ‬،10-‫اﻟﻒ‬
herebelow by the Vendor:
.‫ﮔﺮدد‬

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 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)

The filling by the Vendor: :‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﭘﺮ ﺷﻮد‬

(1)
B.23 The ambient air design conditions: (1) : ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬23-‫ب‬
- Dry bulb......................................................... °C ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬................................................ ‫ ﺣﺒﺎب ﺧﺸﻚ‬-

- Wet bulb ...................................................... °C ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬........................................................ ‫ ﺣﺒﺎب ﺗﺮ‬-

- Relative humidity....................................... % ‫ درﺻﺪ‬................................................................. ‫ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬-

B.24 Materials (the relevant standards for materials ‫ ﺟﻨﺲ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻨﺲ و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎ‬24-‫ب‬
and coatings shall be mentioned): (‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
a) Basin.................................................................. ..................................................................................... ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬
b) Basin sump......................................................... ................................................................ ‫ب( ﭼﺎﻻب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬
c) Framework.......................................................... ........................................................................................... ‫ج( اﺳﻜﻠﺖ‬
d) Casing................................................................. ............................................................................................. ‫د( ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
e) Packing......................................................................... .............................................................................................. ‫ﻫ( ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬
f) Spray nozzles....................................................... ........................................................................... ‫و( اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ‬
g) Louvers……................................................................. ......................................................................................... ‫ز( ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬

h) Drift eliminators................................................. .................................. ‫ح( ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬

i) Fan blade............................................................................. ........................................................................................ ‫ط( ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻓﻦ‬
.......................................................................... ‫ي( ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ‬
j) Fan hub...............................................................
.....................................................................................‫ك( ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ‬
k) Fan deck.............................................................
.................................................................................. ‫ل( دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ‬
l) Fan stack..............................................................
......‫ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ و ﺗﺴﻤﻪ اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬،‫ دﻳﺴﻚ ﻫﺎ‬،‫م( ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ‬
m) Fan shaft, discs, flexible coupling and belting…
................................................................................... ‫ن( ﺳﺨﺖ اﻓﺰار‬
n) Hardware.............................................................

o) Supports and guards for mechanical equipment...... ................ ‫س( ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و ﺣﻔﺎظ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
p) Support for electric motors..................................
.................................................. ‫ع( ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬
q) Packings supports...............................................
.............................................................‫ف( ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
r) Hangers...............................................................
s) Tower support......................................................................... ........................................................................................ ‫ص( ﮔﻴﺮه ﻫﺎ‬

t) Risers.................................................................. ............................................................................. ‫ق( ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﺑﺮج‬

u) Manifolds.......................................................... .................................................................................. ‫ر( ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ‬

................................................................................. ‫ش( ﭼﻨﺪ راﻫﻪ ﻫﺎ‬

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 Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)
v) Reducers............................................................. ................................................................................. ‫ث( ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬
w) Screens including frame..................................... ............................................................... ‫خ( ﺗﻮري ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎب دار‬
x) Trash racks including frame............................... ...........................................................‫ذ( آﺷﻐﺎﻟﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﺎب دار‬
y) Gear casing........................................................ ..................................................................... ‫ض( ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه‬
z) The materials of other parts shall be specified ‫ظ( ﺟﻨﺲ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدد‬
herebelow

26 Name of Part Material 27 MATERIAL

‫ﻧﺎم ﺟﻨﺲ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
.......................... .......................
........................... ........................
......................... .....................
........................... .......................
......................... .....................
........................... .......................
........................... ......................
28

B.25 Freeze Protection: :‫ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ‬25 -‫ب‬

a) Are two speed fans provided? ‫اﻟﻒ( آﻳﺎ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي دو ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻪ ﺗﺪارك ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ؟‬
b) Are fans stopping provided? ‫ب( آﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺪارك ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ؟‬
c) Are fans reversing provided? ‫ج( آﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺪارك ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ؟‬
d) Are fans speed control provided? ‫د( آﻳﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺪارك ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ؟‬
e) Are fans with variable pitch? ‫ﻫ( آﻳﺎ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ زاوﻳﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺗﺪارك ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ؟‬

f) Is preheating of the inlet air with hot water bypass ‫و( آﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻦ ﻫﻮاي ورودي ﺑﺎ آب ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر ﺗﺪارك‬
provided? ‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ؟‬
g) Are adjustable inlet air louvers provided? ‫ز( آﻳﺎ ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ در ورودي ﻫﻮا ﺗﺪارك ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ؟‬
h) Is reducing the numbers of packings cells ‫ح( آﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﺗﺪارك ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ؟‬
provided?

i) Prevention of basin water from freezing: ‫ط( ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ آب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ از ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ‬

• Basin draining ‫• ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬
• Indoor tank method ‫• روش ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه‬
• Electric immersion heater or steam heating ‫• روش ﮔﺮﻣﻜﻦ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
methods
• Bypass circulation method ‫• روش ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر‬

B.26 The provisions provided in the system for the ‫ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺗﺪارك ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در‬26-‫ب‬
followings shall be described in the empty space .‫ﻓﻀﺎي ﺧﺎﻟﻲ زﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ داده ﺷﻮد‬
below:

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a) Reducing the drift effects: :‫اﻟﻒ( ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺮي‬
b) Reducing the blow out nuisance: :‫ب( ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺑﺮون ﭘﺎﺷﻲ‬
c) Reducing the fogging and plume nuisance: :‫ج( ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻣﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ‬
d) Blow down and draining: :‫د( دور رﻳﺰ و ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬
e) Noise level: :‫ﻫ( ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﺪا‬
f) Access to different parts: :‫و( دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬
g) Fire prevention: :‫ز( ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮزي‬

h) Outlet water temperature lower limit: :‫ح( ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ دﻣﺎي آب ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬

i) Maximum inlet water temperature: :‫ط( ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ دﻣﺎي آب ورودي‬
j) Removing scale: :‫ي( ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮف ﻛﺮدن رﺳﻮﺑﺎت‬

k) Vibration isolation: :(‫ك( ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ارﺗﻌﺎش )ﻟﺮزش ﮔﻴﺮي‬

l) Fans stopping where there is no power supply to :‫ل( ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﺮدن ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺮق‬
their motors:
m) Screen for air inlet: :‫م( ﺗﻮري ﻫﻮاي ورودي‬
n) Interference problem: :‫ن( ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ‬
o) Recirculation problem: :‫س( ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬
p) Water treatment: :‫ع( ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب‬

Note: :‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
(1)
They will be finalized during contract. .‫(ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ در ﻃﻲ ﻗﺮارداد ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬1)

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8 APPENDIX C ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ج‬
CONSIDERATION ON SOME FACTORS ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺗﻲ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬
AFFECTING RECIRCULATION

C.1 Tower Shape and Orientation with ‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺮج و زاوﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬1-‫ج‬
Prevailing Wind
Considering the speed and direction of ‫ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬، ‫ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬
prevailing wind, the cooling tower shall be
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﻫﻴﭻ‬
located in a way that relatively lower pressure
area is not created on none of the open sides of ‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺎز ورودي ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﺸﻮد ﺗﺎ‬
inlet air to the cooling tower to prevent the ‫از ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ و اﺛﺮ ﮔﺬاري ﺑﺮ روي دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮاي‬
outlet air being recirculated and affecting the
inlet air temperature. If this concept can not be ‫ ﻳﻜﻲ از‬، ‫ اﮔﺮ اﻳﻦ راﻫﻜﺎر اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬. ‫ورودي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
implemented, one of the following methods, . ‫روﺷﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﭘﺲ از ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ و ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
after technical and cost evaluation, shall be
selected:

a) If rectangular, induced type cooling tower ‫اﻟﻒ( اﮔﺮ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬
is going to be selected, it shall be devided ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل ﻛﻤﺘﺮ و ﻓﻀﺎي‬،‫ﺷﻮد‬
into several cooling towers having less
length with significant air space in between.
‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻃﻮل ﺑﻪ‬. ‫ﻫﻮاي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ در ﺑﻴﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
Length to width ratio shall be about 5 to 1. . ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬1 ‫ ﺑﻪ‬5 ‫ﻋﺮض ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪود‬

b) The cooling tower shape shall be changed ‫ب( ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ داﻳﺮه ﻳﺎ ﻫﺸﺖ‬
from rectangular to circular or octagonal ‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ذﻛﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬. ‫ﺿﻠﻌﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
one. It is notable that circular or octagonal
induced type cooling towers are more
‫ﻣﻜﺶ اﺟﺒﺎري ﻫﺸﺖ ﺿﻠﻌﻲ و داﻳﺮه اي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ‬
sensitive to interference problem, therefore if ،‫ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ اﮔﺮ ﻗﺼﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬، ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺘﺮﻧﺪ‬
this shape is going to be selected provisions . ‫اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺛﺮ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺪارك دﻳﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
to face with interference effect shall be
provided.

c) Changing the height of cooling tower or ‫ج( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ‬
adopting natural or fan assisted natural ‫ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﻮع‬
draught instead of induced type cooling
tower which causes decreasing the
‫ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬
recirculation rate due to discharging warm . ‫ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
air at higher levels.

d) In single flow rectangular mechanical ‫د( در ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ ﺗﻚ‬
draught cooling towers, where there is only ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎز ﺑﺮاي ورودي ﻫﻮا وﺟﻮد‬
one open area for air intake, the open area
shall be positioned broad side to the
. ‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎز ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬، ‫دارد‬
prevailing wind direction.

C.2 Air Discharge Velocity ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا‬2-‫ج‬

The velocity of air leaving the fans of induced ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا از ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
type cooling towers shall be optimized to . ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
decrease the recirculation rate to the acceptable
amount.

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This speed shall not increase excessively ‫اﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ زﻳﺎد از ﺣﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ آﻧﻜﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬
because it needs either more input power or ‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﻮان ورودي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ دودﻛﺶ ﻫﺎي )اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي( ﻓﻦ‬
longer fans stacks (cylinders).
.‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
C.3 Height and Spacing of Fans Stacks ‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺬاري دودﻛﺶ ﻫﺎ )اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي( ﻓﻦ‬3-‫ج‬
(Cylinders) ‫ﻫﺎ‬
Longer fan stacks have lower recirculation. This ‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ‬. ‫دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ ﺑﺎزﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻛﻤﺘﺮي دارد‬
concept shall be considered as far as technically
and economically preferable in comparison with ‫ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻨﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ روش ﻫﺎ‬
other methods. suitable spacing shall be ‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ‬. ‫ﺑﺮﺗﺮي دارد در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
provided between fans stacks to create less ‫دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺪارك دﻳﺪه ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬
restricted wind flow between them.
. ‫ﺑﻴﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﻮد‬
C.4 Density Difference Between Exit Air and ‫ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ و ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬4-‫ج‬
Ambient Air
The density difference between exit air and ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ و ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ‬
ambient air shows the tendency for exit air to
‫ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ آﻣﺪن و اﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻳﺠﺎد ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ در‬
come down and probably causing recirculation
in certain types of cooling towers depending on ‫ ﻣﻜﺎن‬، ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ اﻧﻮاع ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬
the prevailing wind direction, location of the . ‫ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬، ‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬
cooling tower and other factors affecting
recirculation.

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9 ATTACHMENTS ‫ﺿﻤﺎﻳﻢ‬

1. TYPES OF COOLING TOWERS ‫ اﻧﻮاع ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬-1

In addition to the description in Clauses 1.1 to ‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اراﺋﻪ‬، ‫ زﻳﺮ‬4-1 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬1-1 ‫ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺷﺮح اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
1.4 given below, the definition given in Clause ‫ ﻧﻴﺰ‬BS 4485 ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬1988 ‫ ﺳﺎل‬3 ‫ از ﺑﺨﺶ‬4 ‫ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
4 of BS 4485: Part 3:1988 also shall be used in
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮوژه و‬
determining the types of cooling towers for a
definite project and location. .‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬

1.1 Natural Draught Cooling Towers ‫ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬1-1
In these type of cooling towers the air flow rate ‫در اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺑﺎد‬
is dependent on natural wind forces, cooling ‫ دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ و‬،‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬،‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
tower height, ambient air temperature and
‫ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺮج و ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
restrictions made by the tower casing and shell
and the tower internal and external equipment. ‫ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ‬. ‫داﺧﻠﻲ و ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد‬
This type of cooling tower can be either . ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﻮع ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮع ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
counterflow or crossflow type. In counterflow
type coolers the air and water flow directions ‫در ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮع ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب و ﻫﻮا‬
are opposite to each other while in crossflow ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮﻧﺪ در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
type coolers the air direction is perpendicular to
‫ ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎي‬.‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻫﻮا ﻋﻤﻮد ﺑﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب اﺳﺖ‬
water flow direction. Typical diagrams of these
types of coolers are shown in Figs. 1 (a) and (b) ‫ )اﻟﻒ( و )ب( ﺑﻪ‬1 ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ در ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎي‬
respectively. .‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
1.2 Mechanical Draught Cooling Tower ‫ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬2-1

1.2.1 Forced draught counterflow cooling ‫ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران دﻣﺸﻲ‬1-2-1
tower
In this type of cooling tower the air flow rate ‫در اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻦ‬
depends upon the fans characteristics and tower
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬. ‫و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد‬
internal equipment. This type of cooling tower
shall not be used in places where there is a ‫ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ‬، ‫در ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﺠﻤﺎد وﺟﻮد دارد‬
freezing hazard, because of possibility of icing ‫روي ﺗﻴﻐﻪ )ﭘﺮه( ﻫﺎي ﻓﻦ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮازن ﻓﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
on fan blades and consequently causing
unbalance of fan which shall be avoided. This ‫ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ‬. ‫از آن ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد ؛ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
type of cooling tower in these areas shall be ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺼﺐ در ﻓﻀﺎي ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ‬
used for indoor or enclosure installations with
.‫ورودي ﻫﻮا از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺎﻧﺎل )در ﺻﻮرت ﻟﺰوم( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
ductwork for air intake (if necessary).

Since normally centrifugal type fans are used in ‫از آﻧﺠﺎﺋﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮع ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ در اﻳﻦ‬
this type of cooling towers, a higher static ‫ ﻓﺸﺎر اﻳﺴﺘﺎﻳﻲ‬،‫ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ‬
pressure will be exerted by fan enabling to
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻦ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ورود ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻓﻦ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
intake air to the fan through suitable ducting
and minimizing the recirculation effect. Fig. 2 . ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﺎزي اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
shows a typical arrangement of this type of ‫ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮح ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ را ﻧﺸﺎن‬2 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
coolers.
. ‫ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ‬
1.2.2 Induce draught crossflow and ‫ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ و ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﺎ‬2-2-1
counterflow cooling tower ‫ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺸﻲ‬
The air flow in this type of cooling towers also ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا در اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ‬
depends on fan characteristics and restrictions
made by cooling tower equipment. ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻦ و ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺮج‬
. ‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد‬
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Fans shall be installed in the air flow stream ‫ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮج ﻧﺼﺐ‬
after tower internal equipment. Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6,
7(a) an (b) are typical arrangements of different
‫ )اﻟﻒ( و )ب( ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬7 ‫ و‬6 ، 5 ، 4 ، 3 ‫ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎي‬. ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
types of this type of cooling tower. . ‫از اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
In circular and octagonal induced type of ‫در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻜﺸﻲ داﻳﺮه اي و ﻫﺸﺖ ﺿﻠﻌﻲ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬
cooling towers interference matter shall be
‫ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ دﻗﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺗﺨﺎذ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻴﺮاﻧﻪ‬
carefully reviewed to optimize it by taking
preventive actions. . ‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
1.3 Fan Assisted Natural Draught Cooling ‫ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﻦ‬3-1
Tower
This type of cooling tower is a combination of
natural and mechanical draught cooling towers. ‫اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
It shall be properly designed and selected to
‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي زﻳﺮ‬.‫ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ و ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﺳﺖ‬
obtain the following advantages:
. ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮج ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
a) Lowest possible operation cost, because ‫ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻮران‬، ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
the draught provided by stack height will be
achieved without any power input, therefore ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع دودﻛﺶ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮان ورودي ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬
operating cost will be lower. However the ‫ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل‬.‫ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
cost evaluation and analysis of capital, ‫ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮاﺗﻲ و‬،‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ و آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ اي‬
maintenance and operation costs, sometimes
prove that this type of cooling tower is the ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ اوﻗﺎت ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ‬
most economical one. .‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺗﺮﻳﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
b) A properly designed cooling tower may ‫ب( ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
necessitate to use fans only when ambient
temperature is more than a limited value. ‫ﻣﺎ را ﻧﺎﮔﺰﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ از ﻳﻚ‬
. ‫ ﺑﻜﻨﺪ‬، ‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
c) In places where plume shall be as low as ‫ اﻳﻦ‬، ‫ج( در ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ دود ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
possible, this type of cooling tower may be a
solution. A typical arrangement of this type ‫ ﻳﻚ‬. ‫ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻳﻚ راه ﺣﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
of cooling tower is shown in Fig. 8. ‫ ﻧﺸﺎن‬8 ‫ﻃﺮح ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
. ‫داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
1.4 Field Erected Cooling Towers ‫ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺤﻞ‬4-1
In this type of cooling towers the primary
construction activities take place at the site. All ‫در اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﺪه ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
big cooling towers, and many of the smaller ‫ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺰرگ و‬. ‫در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
towers are prefabricated, piece marked and ‫ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت‬،‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
shipped to the site for final assembly.
Supervision for final assembly is usually .‫ﻋﻼﻣﺘﮕﺬاري ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
provided by the Vendor, if requested by ‫ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه در ﺻﻮرت‬
purchaser. . See Fig. 10,11,12
‫ را‬12 ‫ و‬11 ، 10 ‫ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎي‬، ‫درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
. ‫ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ‬
1.5 Factory Assembled Cooling Towers ‫ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬5-1
In this type of cooling towers complete ‫ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬
assembly will be done at manufacturer’s shops, ‫ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي‬، ‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ارﺳﺎل ﻛﺎﻻ‬
but according to the shipment limitations,
‫ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻬﺖ آﺳﺎن ﺳﺎزي ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ )در‬

towers will be separated to different parts for ‫ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز( ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺠﺪداً در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ‬
easiness of shipment (if necessary), and then ‫ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ‬. ‫ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
assembled at site again. Factory assembled
. ‫ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﻳﺎ واﺣﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
towers are also known as packaged or unitary,
towers.

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‫ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا‬

‫اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎي آب‬

‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬

‫‪a) Counterflow type cooling tower‬‬

‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس‬

‫ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا‬

‫ورود آب‬

‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬

‫‪b) Crossflow type cooling tower‬‬

‫ب( ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬

‫‪Fig. 1‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪1‬‬

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‫ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا‬
‫اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻜﻬﺎي آب‬

‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬

‫ﺧﺮوج آب‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪Fig. 2-FORCED DRAUGHT COUNTERFLOW COOLING TOWER‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -2‬ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران دﻣﺸﻲ‬

‫ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا‬

‫ورود آب‬
‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬

‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬

‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪Fig. 3-INDUCED COUNTERFLOW TYPE COOLING TOWER‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -3‬ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﻣﻜﺸﻲ‬

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‫ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا‬
‫ورود آب‬

‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬

‫ﺧﺮوج آب‬

‫‪Fig. 4- INDUCED CROSSFLOW TYPE COOLING TOWER‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -4‬ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻜﺸﻲ‬

‫ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا‬

‫ورود آب‬

‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬

‫ﺧﺮوج آب‬

‫‪Fig. 5- SINGLE FLOW INDUCED CROSSFLOW TYPE COOLING TOWER‬‬

‫‪AIR INTAKE IS FROM ONE SIDE ONLY‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -5‬ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﺗﻚ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ورود ﻫﻮا ﺗﻨﻬﺎ از ﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

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‫ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا‬

‫ورود آب‬

‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬ ‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬

‫ﺧﺮوج آب‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪Fig. 6-DOUBLE FLOW INDUCED CROSSFLOW TYPE COOLING TOWER‬‬

‫‪AIR INTAKE IS FROM TWO SIDES‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -6‬ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ورود ﻫﻮا از دو ﻃﺮف ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬

‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬

‫‪a) Circular induced crossflow type cooling tower. Air intake is from all sides with the lowest‬‬
‫‪recirculation effect.‬‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻜﺸﻲ داﻳﺮه اي‪ ،‬ورود ﻫﻮا از ﺗﻤﺎم ﺟﻬﺎت ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

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‫ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬

‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬

‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ‬

b) Octagonal induced counterflow type cooling tower. Air intake is from 8 sides with the lowest
recirculation effect.
‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد‬8 ‫ ورود ﻫﻮا از‬،‫ب( ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﻫﺸﺖ ﺿﻠﻌﻲ‬

Fig. 7
7 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

‫ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻫﻮا‬

‫ورودي آب‬

‫ورودي ﻫﻮا‬

‫ﺧﺮوج ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬

21 Fig. 8-FAN ASSISTED NATURAL DRAUGHT COOLING TOWER

‫ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﻦ‬-8 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

2. EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ‫ اﺛﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﺳﻄﺢ درﻳﺎ‬-2

‫ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﺳﻄﺢ درﻳﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ‬
Altitude has effect on design and selection of
cooling tower due to change in ambient air ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ در ﻓﺸﺎر ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺰان رﻃﻮﺑﺖ و ﺑﺮ‬
pressure resulting change of moisture content ‫اﺛﺮ آن ﻣﻴﺰان اﻧﺘﺎﻟﭙﻲ ﻫﻮا ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ در ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺧﻨﻚ ﺳﺎزي‬
and hence, enthalpy value of air which causes
change in the cooling capacity of the cooling .‫ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ‬،‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
tower.

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‫‪3. TYPICAL ARRANGEMENTS‬‬ ‫‪OF‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب‬
‫‪WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS‬‬
‫‪Typical arrangements of water distribution‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب در ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎي ‪ 9‬ﺗﺎ ‪13‬‬
‫‪systems are shown in Figs. 9 to 13.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺪر ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻧﺎزل و ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭼﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ‬

‫ﻛﻔﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ اي‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺧﻂ ﻣﺤﻮر ﺑﺮج‬

‫ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬

‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬
‫ﻫﻮاﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎي ورودي‬

‫‪a) Crossflow lower‬‬

‫اﻟﻒ( درﻳﭽﻪ ﻛﺮﻛﺮه اي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬

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‫ﺧﻂ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ‬

‫ﺳﻜﻮي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬

‫ﻫﺪرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬

‫ﻫﺪر ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎ و ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭼﻜﻪ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬

‫‪b) Counterflow lower‬‬

‫ب( درﻳﭽﻪ ﻛﺮﻛﺮه اي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس‬

‫‪Fig. 9-WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR INDUCED CROSS AND COUNTER FLOW TYPE‬‬
‫‪MECHANICAL DRAUGHT COOLING TOWER‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -9‬ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ و ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻜﺸﻲ‬

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Fig. 10- SEVEN CELL TOWER WITH INDIVIDUAL SIDE RISERS

‫ ﺑﺮج ﻫﻔﺖ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪهﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ‬-10 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

Fig. 11
11 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

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Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ IPS-G-ME-160(2)

22 Fig. 12
12 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

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‫ﻫﺪرﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻣﺮﻛﺰي‬
‫ﻫﺪر‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭼﻜﻪاي‬
‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه‬

‫)‪a‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪Central riser, Radial feed‬‬

‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻣﺮﻛﺰي‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬

‫ورودي آب‬

‫ﺧﻮراك دﻫﻨﺪه ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬

‫ﻫﺪر ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬

‫ﻫﺪر ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ داده‬

‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﻫﺪر‬
‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭼﻜﻪاي‬

‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬

‫)‪b‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪Circumferential riser, Radial feed‬‬

‫ب( ﻫﺪر ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬

‫‪Fig. 13‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪13‬‬

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