Lecture 2 Introduction to Computer Science I ZU-019

Lecture 2
Computer System
A computer system is a basic, complete and functional computer, including all
the hardware and software. A computer system allows users to input,
manipulate and store data. A computer system is a set of integrated devices that
input, output, process, and store data and information.  A computer system is a
collection of entities (hardware,software and liveware) that are designed to
receive, process, manage and present information. Computer systems are
currently built around at least one digital processing device.
And as we say computer system concsists of 3 main parts:
- Hardware
- Software
- Liveware

This 3 parts organize whole computer system.

Computer hardware -  physical parts of a computer. For instance, input devices,

output devices, central processing unit and storage devices.

Computer software - also known as programs or applications. They are

classified into two classes namely - sytem software and application software

Liveware - is the computer user. Also kwon as humanware. The user commands
the computer system to execute on instructions.

Computer hardware
Hardware refers to the physical computer equipment and devices, which
provide support for major functions. These major functions are input,
processing, output, storage and communication. There are five main hardware
components in a computer system: Input, Processing, Storage, Output and
Communication devices.

Input devıces
Input devices are devices used for entering data or instructions to the central
processing unit. And input devices are classified as follows:
Lecture 2 Introduction to Computer Science I ZU-019

a) Keying devices

Keying devices are devices used to enter data into the computer using a set of
keys. For instance, keyboard, keypad.

Keyboard

Keypad

Keyboard is the main input device of a computer. It contains three types of

keys-- alphanumeric keys, special keys and functional keys. 
Alphanumeric keys are used to type all alphabets, numbers and special symbols
like $, %, @ etc. 
Special keys such as <Shift>, <Ctrl>, <Alt>, <Home>, <Num Lock> ,<End>,
<Insert>, <PageUp>, <PageDown>, <PrntScr>, <Backspace>, <Delete> etc.
are used for special functions. 
Functional keys such as <Fl>, <F2>, <F3>, <F4>, <F5>, <F12> etc. are used
to give special commands. For example, F5 reloads a page of an internet
browser.
Lecture 2 Introduction to Computer Science I ZU-019

When any key is pressed, an electronic signal is produced. This signal is

detected by a keyboard encoder. It sends a binary code corresponding to the key
pressed to the CPU.
Instead of Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V combination you can press Ctrl+Insert and
Shift+Insert combination.
<Alt+Tab>
It serves switch between open applications.
<Alt+F4>
It closes active item or application.
<Windows logo key+L>
It locks your computer.
<Windows logo key+D>
It displays and hides the desktop.
<Windows logo key+F>
It searchs your files.
<Windows logo key+Q>
It searchs your all applications and files in everywhere.
<Windows logo key+E>
It opens My computer frame.
F1-Display help. If you press this button in open window, you can see the
opportunities of the window. It gives information for you.
F2-Rename the selected item.
F3-Search for a file or folder.
F4-Display the address bar.
F5-Refresh the active window. Or <Ctrl+R> also does it.
Esc-Stop or live the current task.
<Alt+Enter> Display proporties for the selected item.
<Shift+Alt> Change keyboard language.
<Ctrl+N> Open new window
Lecture 2 Introduction to Computer Science I ZU-019

<Ctrl+W> Close current window

<Ctrl+D> Delete selected item
<Shift+Delete> Delete the selected item without moving it to the Recycle Bin.
Poıntıng devıces

Pointing devices are devices that enter data and instructions into the computer
using a pointer that appears on the screen. Pointing devices are mouse, joystick,
touch sensitive screen, trackballs.

The mouse

A mouse is a small device used to point and select items on your computer
screen. Although mouse come in many shapes, the typical mouse resembles an
actual mouse. It's small and connected to the system unit by a long wire that
resembles a tail. Some newer mice are wireless. Computer mouse is a hand-held
pointing device.

A mouse usually has two buttons: a primary button (usually the left button) and
a secondary button (right button). Many mice also have a scroll wheel between
the two buttons, which allows you to scroll smoothly through screens of
information. When you move the mouse with your hand, a pointer on your
screen moves in the same direction. When you want to select an item, you point
to the item and then click the primary button. Pointing and clicking with your
mouse is the main way to interact with your computer. There are several types
of mice: Mechanical mouse, optical mouse, and laser mouse. Mechanical mouse
differs from its small ball.
Lecture 2 Introduction to Computer Science I ZU-019

Optical and laser mouse works with light sparkle. But the biggest difference
between optic and laser mouse is the tracking method. Optical mouse uses LED
lights, but laser mouse uses laser light. So laser mouse is the newest version of
the mouse. Its cost comparatively expensive than optical mouse and its
resolution is higher than it.

Joystick
Joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that determines angles and
directions. Joystick uses video games for controlling.
Lecture 2 Introduction to Computer Science I ZU-019

Trackball
Trackball is an input device consisting of a ball. It looks like the mouse.
Compared with a mouse, a trackball has no limits on effective travel; at times, a
mouse can reach an edge of its working area. With a trackball, the operator just
continues rolling. It mostly uses in computer games.

Touch sensitive screen

A touchscreen allows a user can give input or control the information
processing system through simple or multi-touch gestures by touching the
screen with one or more fingers. Some touchscreens use ordinary or specially
gloves or pens to work. Touch sensitive screen is also output device.
Lecture 2 Introduction to Computer Science I ZU-019

b) Scannıng devıces

Scanning devices are input devices that capture an object or a document directly
from the source. They are classify according to the technology used to capture
data e.g. Scanners and Document readers.
Scanners
Scanner is used to capture a source document and converts it into an
electronic form. 
Example are - FlatBed and HandHeld scanners.
Document readers
Document readers are devices that reads data directly from source document
and convey them as input in the form of electronic signal. Types of Document
Readers are Optical Mark Reader (OMR), Barcode Reader (BR) and Magnetic
Reader (MR-they reads information that writes with magnetic ink)

Optical Mar Reader (OMR)

Barcode Reader
Lecture 2 Introduction to Computer Science I ZU-019

Magnetic Reader

c) Other input devices

Microphone
It records audio files, call and speech recognition.

Digital camera
Digital camera records video and image files. Some cameras are considered as
I/O device (Input-Output device).
Lecture 2 Introduction to Computer Science I ZU-019

Output devices
Output devices enables you to send processed data out of computer such as text,
picture, sound, video. For example, monitor, pc speaker, projector, sound card,
video card, printer, plotter etc.

Printer
A printer is a device that accepts text and graphic output from a computer and
transfers the information to paper. Printers vary in size, speed, sophistication,
and cost. In general, more expensive printers are used for higher-resolution
color printing.
The plotter is a computer printer for printing vector graphics. In the
past, plotters were used in applications such as computer-aided design.
Difference Between Plotter and Printer is that Plotters are sophisticated
printers which are used to produce high-drawings which include blueprints,
circuit diagrams or maps. 
Lecture 2 Introduction to Computer Science I ZU-019

Plotter
PC Speaker
Computer speakers, or multimedia speakers, are speakers sold for use with
computers, although usually capable of other audio uses, e.g. for an MP3 player.

PC Speaker