International Relations Introduction
1: Definition.
2: Elements .
3: Different school of thoughts
4: Scope Of International Relations
5:
1: DEFINATION :-
International Relations is the study of relations at “Global Level”. OR
International Relations Is the Interest Based ( Political and Non Political ) study of Relationships among
the states and Non State Actors at Global Level .
Additional Note :- These Interests can either be Converging or Conflicting interests based on Political
and Non Political events such as Economic , Social , Religious , Cultural and Strategic . .
Additional Note :- State means a government and it's own institutes . Where As non state actors include
International Government Organizations , International Non Government Organizations , Religious
Groups , Terrorist groups , Media and Multinational Corporations ..
2: Elements of International Relations :-
I) Relations / Interactions : Either Positive Or Negative , Harmony and Co-operation, Or
Disharmony , Converging or Conflicting relations among the states .
II) Actors : Either State ( Country , Government ) or Non State Actors ( IGOs , INGOs , MNCs ,
Terrorist Groups etc)
III) Nature Of Relation : Either political. Or Non Political . ( ex: Pak Israel )
IV) Interest : Common or Conflict ( ex : Pak China CPec and Iran Saudi )
V) Level Of Analysis : Bases on Individual , Society, State , Regional , Global study.
(ex Hitler's story)
3: Evolution Of International Relations As an Academic Discipline:-
Different School Of Thoughts :-
Four Different type of school of thought suggested different concepts of evolution of international
Relations As an Academic Discipline .
1:- First School Of Thought :- According to Barry Buzan and Stewart Little, study of I.R initiated when
the Early City States Emerged . Such as Samaritans Civilization Of Mesopotamia (3500BC) started
interaction with other City States . And they start exchanging diplomats.
Additional Note : Stone Age -> Humans Living Individual -> Started to Live As a Family -> formed Clans ->
Formed City States . ( A city State is Smaller in both Size and Population )
2:- Second School Of Thought :- According to them , In 1608 when there was a conflict between the
Catholics and Protestants where one group demanded All the powers to Be given to The Pope Making
him the Higher Authority above all but the Second Group (Protestants) demanded a Sovereign State ,
Hence a war took place which lasted 30 years (1618 to 1648) , a treaty was signed between the two
groups in 1648 known as Treaty Of Westphalia ending the War . Due to these interaction I.R started as
an academic Discipline .
3:- Third School Of thought :- This School of thought suggests that I.R began As an Academic Discipline
As a result of Napoleon Wars and French revolutionary . Ambassadors were exchanged and to decide
the rules for war , to exchange prisoner of war etc
4:- Fourth School Of Though:- this school of thoughts says that I.R begin As an academic discipline. After
the end Of War World 1 (1919) when a treaty was Signed known as The treaty of Versailles 1920 and
Formation Of League Of Nations 1920 . some suggests after world war II ended 1939 to 1945 and
formation of United Nations In 1945 ..
Important Events ..
3500Bc Sumaritarian Civilization was formed
1608 Conflict Between Catholics and Protestants Started
1618 to 1648 AD ( A Period of War Between Catholics and Protestants )
1648 AD , End Of 30 Year War Between Catholics and Protestants , Treaty Of Westphalia Was Signed
Between Catholics and Protestants
1805 to 1815 AD Era Of Napoleon and French War Treaty Of Paris .
1919 AD World War I was Ended
1920AD , Treaty Of Versailles , Formation Of League of Nations
1939 to 1945 AD World War II ended , 1945 AD formation Of The united Nations
(1947 – 1991) Cold War Era , 1991 AD Disintegration of USSR .
Scope Of International Relations :-
CONTENT Of Subject :
1: NATION State System .
2: International System and International Society .
3: Approaches and Theories .
4: International Political Security ( Powers , foreign Policy)
5: International Political Community
6: Strategic Approaches To I.R
7: International Political Economy .
8 : International Political Institutions
9: FOREIGN policy
10: HISTORY of Modern States
11: Area Studies .
