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Pressure Relief Scenarios Guide

1. The document discusses scenarios that can lead to overpressure, including blocked liquid discharge, blocked gas outlet, gas control valve failing open, and thermal expansion. 2. It provides details on blocked liquid discharge where closure of an outlet valve prevents liquid from draining, accumulating pressure. Fire cases are also discussed, where a liquid-filled vessel exposed to fire can cause expansion and vaporization of contents. 3. Case studies are presented to demonstrate sizing pressure safety valves for these scenarios according to API-recommended procedures, including an example of a blocked liquid discharge case for a vessel relieving hydrocarbon at a specified rate.

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211 views1 page

Pressure Relief Scenarios Guide

1. The document discusses scenarios that can lead to overpressure, including blocked liquid discharge, blocked gas outlet, gas control valve failing open, and thermal expansion. 2. It provides details on blocked liquid discharge where closure of an outlet valve prevents liquid from draining, accumulating pressure. Fire cases are also discussed, where a liquid-filled vessel exposed to fire can cause expansion and vaporization of contents. 3. Case studies are presented to demonstrate sizing pressure safety valves for these scenarios according to API-recommended procedures, including an example of a blocked liquid discharge case for a vessel relieving hydrocarbon at a specified rate.

Uploaded by

Faisca_R
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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on the relieving capacity, API provides resulting in over pressure.

The quantity of
procedures to estimate the required relieving fluid required to be relieved in temperature
area followed by choosing standardized sizes safety valves may be very small & therefore
of relief devices from API 526. for thermal expansion cases the safety valve size
of NPS ¾" x NPS 1" (DN 20 x DN25) should be
The following article covers the below
sufficient as per API 521, [Ref 4].
described scenarios which are not
comprehensive but represent a set of 5. Fire Case [Liquid Filled Vessel] – All
commonly encountered scenarios. equipment in a process facility is prone to
exposure to fire due to equipment failure or
1. Blocked Liquid Discharge Case - This refers
man made errors. This can result in the
to closure of a valve on the outlet of
contents of the equipment fluid, expanding
equipment. With continuing liquid flow into
and vaporizing to create an over pressure
the equipment and no provision to drain the
scenario. Fire cases are of two types – Gas
liquid, fluid accumulates to building
Filled Vessel and Liquid Filled Vessel. In the
pressure to as high as the design pressure of
case of liquid filled vessels, the vessel is
the upstream equipment. In addition to this,
expected to contain a certain amount of
static head of the liquid in the upstream
liquid that wets the lower part surface of the
equipment also contribute to the build up of
vessel through which the liquid transfers
pressure. Therefore the minimum relieving
latent heat causing liquid expansion and
rate to be considered is the normal
vaporization.
operating inlet flow.

2. Blocked Gas Outlet [Non-Fire Case] – CASE STUDIES


Similar to the above case of liquid filled, gas To demonstrate the sizing of pressure safety
accumulation in the vessel also contributes valves for the described scenarios as per API
to the rise in pressure when the gas side recommended procedures, the following
valve fails to function by staying closed. examples are shown.
With pressure continuing to rise, a relief Blocked Liquid Discharge Case
device is required to relieve the equipment
Consider a vessel relieving hydrocarbon at
of the excess pressure.
300,000 kg/h which has a relief valve pressure
3. Gas Control Valve Fail Open – This case set at 18 barg. Considering a non-fire case, the
refers to a scenario where when a control over pressure is taken to be 10%. For
valve placed between equipment fails open, preliminary sizing, the back pressure at the
[whereby the upstream equipment has a relief valve discharge is considered to vary
higher design pressure and the downstream between 0 barg to 4 barg. A rupture disc exists
equipment is at a lower design pressure] and the back pressure is considered to be a
causes over pressurization. variable for which a balanced bellow type of
4. Thermal Expansion – This case refers to relief valve is recommended followed by the
scenarios where liquid locked inside liquid pressure relief valve requiring capacity
lines. With exposure from sunlight, heat certification as per ASME Sec VIII, Division I.
ingress occurs through the piping causing a The hydrocarbon fluid properties are as
temperature rise to vaporize the liquid follows,
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