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UNCLOS
CAPTAIN VARTUL DIXIT
IMO & International Conventions
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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea -III
Purpose of UNCLOS-Purpose of ‘UNCLOS’ was delimitation of sea boundaries
‘UNCLOS-III has 17 parts, 320 articles.
Background-Geneva convention for delimitation of sea was held in year-
1958. It is known as ‘UNCLOS-I.’ 2nd attempt for making rules for the sea-
boundaries was on 1960, it was ‘UNCLOS-II’.
Finally, in year 1982 ‘UNCLOS-III’ came in existence. This convention had
successfully defined to sea-boundaries.
Definitions
Baseline- The normal baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea
is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially
recognized by the coastal State.
Internal water-1) Except as provided in Part IV, waters on the landward side
of the baseline of the territorial sea form part of the internal waters of the
State. 2. Where the establishment of a straight baseline in accordance with the
method set forth in article 7 has the effect of enclosing as internal waters areas
which had not previously been considered as such, a right of innocent passage
as provided in this Convention shall exist in those waters.
Territorial sea-Sea limit, which is up-to 12 nautical miles from the base line to
seaward is called territorial sea limit.
-In territorial water foreign vessel has right for innocent passage. This right in
some cases can be suspended by coastal state. In territorial water any foreign
vessel must not do following activities:
Military exercise; Spying; Use of force; Weapon practices; Propaganda
activities; Operation of aircraft excluding passage of international flights;
Breaches to custom or sanitary laws; Act of wilful pollution; Fishing; Research
and surveys; Interfering with communication and any other facility or
installation.
Contiguous zones-Sea limit, which extends up-to 24 nautical miles from base
line, i.e. 12 nautical miles beyond territorial water.
Foreign vessel has right for innocent passage, custom, health regulations of
coastal state are applicable even in this zone.
Exclusive economy zone- Sea limit, which extends up-to 200 nautical miles
from base line is ‘EEZ’.
Foreign vessel has right for innocent passage in this zone, country has right in
natural resources in this zone.
Continental self-Continental self may extend upto 350 nautical miles from
base line. Some countries like Canada has requested to ‘UNCLOS’ body for
extended continental self.
High sea- Sea beyond (outside) EEZ of any countries fall under limit of high
sea.
Exploration of high sea is open to all countries. There is now ‘ISA’ i.e.
international seabed authority to look after exploration of high sea.
‘ISA’ has introduced deep sea mining permit system and levi to be paid to ‘ISA’.
Duties of flag state and coastal state-
Flag state and coastal state must ensure compliance of environment
protection.
Security in various water like in internal water or in territorial water etc.
Nationality of the ship===Ship registration is the process by which a ship is
documented and given the nationality of the country to which the ship has
been documented.
Definitions of piracy UNCLOS (Article 101)
In the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) of 1982,
"maritime piracy" consists of:
(a) any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation,
committed for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a
private aircraft, and directed;
(i) on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or
property on board such ship or aircraft; (ii) against a ship, aircraft, persons, or
property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State;
(b) any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft
with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft;
(c) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in
subparagraph a or b.
Armed Robbery against ships (as per ‘UNCLOS’)
(a) Any illegal act of violence or detention or any act of depredation, or
threat thereof, other than an act of piracy, committed for private ends and
directed against a ship or against persons or property on board such a ship,
within a State's internal waters, archipelagic waters and territorial sea;
(b) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described above.
‘UNCLOS-III on marine pollution
Currently all member state agrees to follow the ‘MARPOL’ standard.
Coastal state may be following their own regulations for pollution control
within ‘EEZ.’
No ship should make any marine pollution in another country’s jurisdiction.
"pollution of the marine environment" means the introduction by man, directly
or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment, including
estuaries, which results or is likely to result in such deleterious effects as harm
to living resources and marine life, hazards to human health, hindrance to
marine activities, including fishing and other legitimate uses of the sea,
impairment of quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities.
Settlement of dispute mechanism under ‘UNCLOS’
‘UNCLOS-III’ provides list of conciliators and arbitrators, and List of experts for
dispute handling.
Choice of Procedure: Official Declarations and Statements under article 287 of
the Convention and optional exceptions to applicability of Part XV, Section 2,
under article 298 of the Convention, are available at the Treaty Section of the
UN's Office of Legal Affairs
List of conciliators and arbitrators nominated under article 2 of annexes V and
VII to the Convention
List of experts for the purposes of article 2 of Annex VIII (Special Arbitration) to
the Convention. Separate lists of experts are maintained for the specialized
fields of 1) fisheries, 2) protection and preservation of the marine
environment, (3) marine scientific research, and (4) navigation, including
pollution from vessels and by dumping
Law of the Sea Convention, 1982 Choice of procedure
Article 287, Part XV Settlement of Disputes
Article 287, Part XV, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
provides that “When signing, ratifying or acceding to this Convention or at any
time thereafter, a State shall be free to choose, by means of a written
declaration, one or more of the following means for the settlement of disputes
concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention:
(a) the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea established in Hamburg.
(b) the International Court of Justice; In Hague
(c) an arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annex VII;
(d) a special arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annex VIII for one
or more of the categories of disputes specified therein.”
ITLOS and dispute settlement
Jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
The Tribunal has jurisdiction over all disputes concerning the interpretation or
application of the Convention, subject to the provisions of article 297 and to
the declarations made in accordance with article 298 of the Convention.
Article 297 and declarations made under article 298 of the Convention do not
prevent parties from agreeing to submit to the Tribunal a dispute otherwise
excluded from the Tribunal's jurisdiction under these provisions (Convention,
article 299).
The Tribunal also has jurisdiction over all disputes and all applications
submitted to it pursuant to the provisions of any other agreement conferring
jurisdiction on the Tribunal. Several multilateral agreements conferring
jurisdiction on the Tribunal have been concluded to date.
Advisory jurisdiction
The Seabed Disputes Chamber is competent to give an advisory opinion on
legal questions arising within the scope of the activities of the Assembly or
Council of the International Seabed Authority.
The Tribunal may also give an advisory opinion on a legal question if this is
provided for by "an international agreement related to the purposes of the
Convention
Innocent passage- As per ‘UNCLOS-III’ merchant vessel has right of innocent
passage in another countries territorial water, Contiguous zone, and in EEZ. In
such passage vessel must not do spying, weapon practice or act of pollution
etc.
Sea boundaries
Content in ‘UNCLOS-III’
Part i. Introduction
Article 1. Use of terms and scope
Part ii. Territorial sea and contiguous zone
Section 1. General provisions
Article 2. Legal status of the territorial sea, of the air space over the territorial
sea and of its bed and subsoil
Section 2. Limits of the territorial sea
Article 3. Breadth of the territorial sea
Article 4. Outer limit of the territorial sea
Article 5. Normal baseline
Article 6. Reefs
Article 7. Straight baselines
Article 8. Internal waters
Article 9. Mouths of rivers
Article 10. Bays
Article 11. Ports
Article 12. Roadsteads
Article 13. Low-tide elevation
Article 14. Combination of methods for determining baselines
Article 15. Delimitation of the territorial sea between States with opposite or
adjacent coasts
Article 16. Charts and lists of geographical coordinates
Section 3. innocent passage in the territorial sea
Subsection a. Rules applicable to all ships
Article 17. Right of innocent passage
Article 18. Meaning of passage
Article 19. Meaning of innocent passage
Article 20. Submarines and other underwater vehicles
Article 21. Laws and regulations of the coastal State relating to innocent
passage
Article 22. Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in the territorial sea Article
23. Foreign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other
inherently dangerous or noxious substances
Article 24. Duties of the coastal State
Article 25. Rights of protection of the coastal State
Article 26. Charges which may be levied upon foreign ships
Subsection B. Rules applicable to merchant ships and government ships
operated for commercial purposes
Article 27. Criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ship
Article 28. Civil jurisdiction in relation to foreign ships
Subsection c. Rules applicable to warships and other government ships
operated for non-commercial purposes
Article 29. Definition of warships
Article 30. Non-compliance by warships with the laws and regulations of the
coastal State
Article 31. Responsibility of the flag State for damage caused by a warship or
other government ship operated for non-commercial purposes
Article 32. Immunities of warships and other government ships operated for
non-commercial purposes
Section 4. Contiguous zone
Article 33. Contiguous zone
Part iii. Straits used for international navigation
Section 1. General provisions
Article 34. Legal status of waters forming straits used for international
navigation
Article 35. Scope of this Part
Article 36. High seas routes or routes through exclusive economic zones
through straits used for international navigation
Section 2. Transit passage
Article 37. Scope of this section
Article 38. Right of transit passage
Article 39. Duties of ships and aircraft during transit passage
Article 40. Research and survey activities
Article 41. Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in straits
used for international navigation
Article 42. Laws and regulations of States bordering straits relating to transit
passage
Article 43. Navigational and safety aids and other improvements and the
prevention, reduction, and control of pollution
Article 44. Duties of States bordering straits
Section 3. Innocent passage
Article 45. Innocent passage
Part iv. Archipelagic states
Article 46. Use of terms
Article 47. Archipelagic baselines
Article 48. Measurement of the breadth of the territorial sea, the contiguous
zone, the exclusive economic zone, and the continental shelf
Article 49. Legal status of archipelagic waters, of the air space over
archipelagic waters and of their bed and subsoil
Article 50. Delimitation of internal waters
Article 51. Existing agreements, traditional fishing rights and existing
submarine cables
Article 52. Right of innocent passage
Article 53. Right of archipelagic sea lanes passage
Article 54. Duties of ships and aircraft during their passage, research and
survey activities, duties of the archipelagic State and laws and regulations of
the archipelagic State relating to archipelagic sea lanes passage
Part v. Exclusive economic zone
Article 55. Specific legal regime of the exclusive economic zone
Article 56. Rights, jurisdiction and duties of the coastal State in the exclusive
economic zone
Article 57. Breadth of the exclusive economic zone
Article 58. Rights and duties of other States in the exclusive economic zone
Article 59. Basis for the resolution of conflicts regarding the attribution of
rights and jurisdiction in the exclusive economic zone
Article 60. Artificial islands, installations, and structures in the exclusive
economic zone
Article 61. Conservation of the living resources
Article 62. Utilization of the living resources
Article 63. Stocks occurring within the exclusive economic zones of two or
more coastal States or both within the exclusive economic zone and in an area
beyond and adjacent to it
Article 64. Highly migratory species
65. Marine mammals
Article 66. Anadromous stocks
Article 67. Catadromous species
Article 68. Sedentary species
Article 69. Right of land-locked States
Article 70. Right of geographically disadvantaged States
Article 71. Non-applicability of articles 69 and 70
Article 72. Restrictions on transfer of rights
Article 73. Enforcement of laws and regulations of the coastal State
Article 74. Delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between States with
opposite or adjacent coasts
Article 75. Charts and lists of geographical coordinates
Part vi. Continental shelf
Article 76. Definition of the continental shelf
Article 77. Rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf.51
Article 78. Legal status of the superjacent waters and air space and the rights
and freedoms of other States
Article 79. Submarine cables and pipelines on the continental shelf
Article 80. Artificial islands, installations, and structures on the continental-
shelf Article 81. Drilling on the continental shelf
Article 82. Payments and contributions with respect to the exploitation of the
continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles
Article 83. Delimitation of the continental shelf between States with opposite
or adjacent coasts
Article 84. Charts and lists of geographical coordinates
Article 85. Tunnelling
Part vii. High seas
Section 1. General provision
Article 86. Application of the provisions of this Part
Article 87. Freedom of the high seas
Article 88. Reservation of the high seas for peaceful purposes
Article 89. Invalidity of claims of sovereignty over the high seas
Article 90. Right of navigation
Article 91. Nationality of ships
Article 92. Status of ships
Article 93. Ships flying the flag of the United Nations, its specialized agencies,
and the International Atomic Energy Agency
Article 94. Duties of the flag State
Article 95. Immunity of warships on the high seas
Article 96. Immunity of ships used only on government non-commercial service
Article 97. Penal jurisdiction in matters of collision or any other incident of
navigation
Article 98. Duty to render assistance
Article 99. Prohibition of the transport of slaves
Article 100. Duty to cooperate in the repression of piracy
Article 101. Definition of piracy
Article 102. Piracy by a warship, government ship or government aircraft
whose crew has mutinied
Article 103. Definition of a pirate ship or aircraft
Article 104. Retention or loss of the nationality of a pirate ship or aircraft
Article 105. Seizure of a pirate ship or aircraft
Article 106. Liability for seizure without adequate grounds
Article 107. Ships and aircraft which are entitled to seize on account of piracy
Article 108. Illicit traffic in narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances
Article 109. Unauthorized broadcasting from the high seas
Article 110. Right of visit
Article 111. Right of hot pursuit
Article 112. Right to lay submarine cables and pipelines
Article 113. Breaking or injury of a submarine cable or pipeline
Article 114. Breaking or injury by owners of a submarine cable or pipeline of
another submarine cable or pipeline
Article 115. Indemnity for loss incurred in avoiding injury to a submarine cable
or pipeline
Section 2. Conservation and management of the living resources of the high
seas
Article 116. Right to fish on the high seas
Article 117. Duty of States to adopt with respect to their national’s measures
for the conservation of the living resources of the high seas
Article 118. Cooperation of States in the conservation and management of
living resources
Article 119. Conservation of the living resources of the high seas
Article 120. Marine mammals
PART VIII. REGIME OF ISLANDS
Article 121. Regime of islands
Part ix. Enclosed or semi-enclosed seas
Article 122. Definition
Article 123. Cooperation of States bordering enclosed or semi-enclosed seas
Part x. Right of access of land-locked states to and from the sea and freedom
of transit
Article 124. Use of terms
Article 125. Right of access to and from the sea and freedom of transit
Article 126. Exclusion of application of the most-favoured-nation clause
Article 127. Customs duties, taxes, and other charges
Article 128. Free zones and other customs facilities
Article 129. Cooperation in the construction and improvement of means of
transport
Article 130. Measures to avoid or eliminate delays or other difficulties of a
technical nature in traffic in transit
Article 131. Equal treatment in maritime ports
Article 132. Grant of greater transit facilities
PART XI. THE AREA
SECTION l. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 133. Use of terms
Article 134. Scope of this Part
Article 135. Legal status of the super jacent waters and air space
Section 2. Principles governing the area
Article 136. Common heritage of mankind
Article 137. Legal status of the Area and its resources
Article 138. General conduct of States in relation to the Area
Article 139. Responsibility to ensure compliance and liability for damage
Article 140. Benefit of mankind
Article 141. Use of the Area exclusively for peaceful purposes
Article 142. Rights and legitimate interests of coastal States
Article 143. Marine scientific research
Article 144. Transfer of technology
Article 145. Protection of the marine environment
Article 146. Protection of human life
Article 147. Accommodation of activities in the Area and in the marine
environment
Article 148. Participation of developing States in activities in the Area
Article 149. Archaeological and historical objects
Section 3. Development of resources of the area
Article 150. Policies relating to activities in the Area
Article 151. Production policies
Article 152. Exercise of powers and functions by the Authority
Article 153. System of exploration and exploitation
Article 154. Periodic review
Article 155. The Review Conference
Section 4. The authority
Subsection A. General provisions
Article 156. Establishment of the Authority
Article 157. Nature and fundamental principles of the Authority
Article 158. Organs of the Authority
Subsection B. The assembly
Article 159. Composition, procedure, and voting
Article 160. Powers and functions
Subsection C. The council
Article 161. Composition, procedure, and voting
Article 162. Powers and functions
Article 163. Organs of the Council
Article 164. The Economic Planning Commission
Article 165. The Legal and Technical Commission
Subsection D. The Secretariat
Article 166. The Secretariat
Article 167. The staff of the Authority
Article 168. International character of the Secretariat
Article 169. Consultation and cooperation with international and non-
governmental organizations
Subsection E. The enterprise
Article 170. The Enterprise
SUBSECTION F. FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS OF THE AUTHORITY
Article 171. Funds of the Authority
Article 172. Annual budget of the Authority
Article 173. Expenses of the Authority
Article 174. Borrowing power of the Authority
Article 175. Annual audit
Subsection G. Legal status, privileges, and immunities
Article 176. Legal status
Article 177. Privileges and immunities
Article 178. Immunity from legal process
Article 179. Immunity from search and any form of seizure
Article 180. Exemption from restrictions, regulations, controls, and moratoria
Article 181. Archives and official communications of the Authority
Article 182. Privileges and immunities of certain persons connected with the
Authority
Article 183. Exemption from taxes and customs duties
Subsection H. Suspension of the exercise of rights and privileges of members
Article 184. Suspension of the exercise of voting rights
Article 185. Suspension of exercise of rights and privileges of membership
Section 5. Settlement of disputes and advisory opinions
Article 186. Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law
of the Sea
Article 187. Jurisdiction of the Seabed Disputes Chamber
Article 188. Submission of disputes to a special chamber of the International
Tribunal for the Law of the Sea or an ad hoc chamber of the Seabed Disputes
Chamber or to binding commercial arbitration
Article 189. Limitation on jurisdiction with regard to decisions of the Authority
Article 190. Participation and appearance of sponsoring States Parties in
proceedings
Article 191. Advisory opinions
Part xii. Protection and preservation of the marine environment
Section 1. General provisions
Article 192. General obligation
Article 193. Sovereign right of States to exploit their natural resources
Article 194. Measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine
environment
Article 195. Duty not to transfer damage or hazards or transform one type of
pollution into another
Article 196. Use of technologies or introduction of alien or new species
Section 2. Global and regional cooperation
Article 197. Cooperation on a global or regional basis
Article 198. Notification of imminent or actual damage
Article 199. Contingency plans against pollution
Article 200. Studies, research programmes and exchange of information and
data Article 201. Scientific criteria for regulations
Section 3. Technical assistance
Article 202. Scientific and technical assistance to developing States
Article 203. Preferential treatment for developing States
SECTION 4. MONITORING AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Article 204. Monitoring of the risks or effects of pollution
Article 205. Publication of reports
Article 206. Assessment of potential effects of activities
Section 5. International rules and national legislation to prevent, reduce and
control pollution of the marine environment
Article 207. Pollution from land-based sources
Article 208. Pollution from seabed activities subject to national jurisdiction
Article 209. Pollution from activities in the Area
Article 210. Pollution by dumping
Article 211. Pollution from vessels
Article 212. Pollution from or through the atmosphere
SECTION 6. ENFORCEMENT
Article 213. Enforcement with respect to pollution from land-based sources
Article 214. Enforcement with respect to pollution from seabed activities
Article 215. Enforcement with respect to pollution from activities in the Area
Article 216. Enforcement with respect to pollution by dumping
Article 217. Enforcement by flag States
Article 218. Enforcement by port States
Article 219. Measures relating to seaworthiness of vessels to avoid pollution
Article 220. Enforcement by coastal States
Article 221. Measures to avoid pollution arising from maritime casualties
Article 222. Enforcement with respect to pollution from or through the
atmosphere
Section 7. Safeguards
Article 223. Measures to facilitate proceedings
Article 224. Exercise of powers of enforcement
Article 225. Duty to avoid adverse consequences in the exercise of the powers
of enforcement.
Article 226. Investigation of foreign vessels
Article 227. Non-discrimination with respect to foreign vessels
Article 228. Suspension and restrictions on institution of proceedings
Article 229. Institution of civil proceedings
Article 230. Monetary penalties and the observance of recognized rights of the
accused
Article 231. Notification to the flag State and other States concerned
Article 232. Liability of States arising from enforcement measures
Article 233. Safeguards with respect to straits used for international navigation
Section 8. Ice-covered areas
Article 234. Ice-covered areas
Section 9. Responsibility and liability
Article 235. Responsibility and liability
Section 10. Sovereign immunity
Article 236. Sovereign immunity
Section 11. Obligations under other conventions on the protection and
preservation of the marine environment
Article 237. Obligations under other conventions on the protection and
preservation of the marine environment
Part xiii. Marine scientific research
Section 1. General provisions
Article 238. Right to conduct marine scientific research
Article 239. Promotion of marine scientific research
Article 240. General principles for the conduct of marine scientific research
Article 241. Non-recognition of marine scientific research activities as the legal
basis for claims
Section 2. International cooperation
Article 242. Promotion of international cooperation
Article 243. Creation of favourable conditions
Article 244. Publication and dissemination of information and knowledge
Section 3. Conduct and promotion of marine scientific research
Article 245. Marine scientific research in the territorial sea
Article 246. Marine scientific research in the exclusive economic zone and on
the continental shelf
Article 247. Marine scientific research projects undertaken by or under the
auspices of international organizations
Article 248. Duty to provide information to the coastal State
Article 249. Duty to comply with certain conditions
Article 250. Communications concerning marine scientific research projects
Article 251. General criteria and guidelines
Article 252. Implied consent
Article 253. Suspension or cessation of marine scientific research activities
Article 254. Rights of neighbouring land-locked and geographically
disadvantaged States
Article 255. Measures to facilitate marine scientific research and assist
research vessels
Article 256. Marine scientific research in the Area
Article 257. Marine scientific research in the water column beyond the
exclusive economic zone
Section 4. Scientific research installations or equipment in the marine
environment
Article 258. Deployment and use
Article 259. Legal status
Article 260. Safety zones
Article 261. Non-interference with shipping routes
Article 262. Identification markings and warning signals
Section 5. Responsibility and liability
Article 263. Responsibility and liability
Section 6. Settlement of disputes and interim measures
Article 264. Settlement of disputes
Article 265. Interim measures
Part xiv. Development and transfer of marine technology
Section 1. General provisions
Article 266. Promotion of the development and transfer of marine technology
Article 267. Protection of legitimate interests
Article 268. Basic objectives
Article 269. Measures to achieve the basic objectives
Section 2. International cooperation
Article 270. Ways and means of international cooperation
Article 271. Guidelines, criteria, and standards
Article 272. Coordination of international programmes
Article 273. Cooperation with international organizations and the Authority
Article 274. Objectives of the Authority
Section 3. National and regional marine scientific and technological centres
Article 275. Establishment of national centres.
Article 276. Establishment of regional centres
Article 277. Functions of regional centres
Section 4. Cooperation among international organizations
Article 278. Cooperation among international organizations
Part xv. Settlement of disputes
Section 1. General provisions
Article 279. Obligation to settle disputes by peaceful means
Article 280. Settlement of disputes by any peaceful means chosen by the
parties
Article 281. Procedure where no settlement has been reached by the parties
Article 282. Obligations under general, regional, or bilateral agreements
Article 283. Obligation to exchange views
Article 284. Conciliation
Article 285. Application of this section to disputes submitted pursuant to Part
XI
Section 2. Compulsory procedures entailing binding decisions
Article 286. Application of procedures under this section
Article 287. Choice of procedure
Article 288. Jurisdiction
Article 289. Experts
Article 290. Provisional measures
Article 291. Access
Article 292. Prompt release of vessels and crews
Article 293. Applicable law
Article 294. Preliminary proceedings
Article 295. Exhaustion of local remedies
Article 296. Finality and binding force of decisions
Section 3. Limitations and exceptions to applicability of section 2
Article 297. Limitations on applicability of section 2
Article 298. Optional exceptions to applicability of section 2
Article 299. Right of the parties to agree upon a procedure
PART XVI. General Provisions
Article 300. Good faith and abuse of rights
Article 301. Peaceful uses of the seas
Article 302. Disclosure of information
Article 303. Archaeological and historical objects found at sea Article 304.
Responsibility and liability for damage
Part xvii. Final provisions
Article 305. Signature
Article 306. Ratification and formal confirmation
Article 307. Accession
Article 308. Entry into force
Article 309. Reservations and exceptions
Article 310. Declarations and statements
Article 311. Relation to other conventions and international agreements
Article 312. Amendment
Article 313. Amendment by simplified procedure
Article 314. Amendments to the provisions of this Convention relating
exclusively to activities in the Area
Article 315. Signature, ratification of, accession to and authentic texts of
amendments
Article 316. Entry into force of amendments
Article 317. Denunciation
Article 318. Status of Annexes
Article 319. Depositary
Article 320. Authentic texts
Annex I. Highly Migratory Species.
Annex II. Commission on the limits of the ‘Continental self.’
Annex III. Basic conditions of prospecting, exploration, and exploration.
Thank you.
