Summation of Series by Integration.

 f (a  rh) ,
b
We know that 
a
f (x )dx  lim h
n 
r 1
where nh  b  a

1 1 n
r
 f(x)dx  lim n  f  n 
1
Now, put a = 0, b = 1,  nh  1 or h  . Hence
n
n 0
r 1

Illustration

Example
 199  299  3 99  ....  n99
Example: lim =
n  n100
99 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
100 100 99 101

 r 99 
1
199  2 99  3 99  ....  n 99
n 99  x 100 

  lim 1  r  
1

n 1
Solution: (b)  lim   x 99 dx    
n  r 1 n 100  n  n  n 
lim .
n  n100   r 1
0  100  0 100

1 1 1
Example: If S n    ........  then lim S n is equal to
1 n 2  2n n  n2 n 

(a) log 2 (b) 2 log 2 (c) 3 log 2 (d) 4 log 2

 lim r   lim
1 1
Solution: (b) 
n  rn n  r r
n  
 n n 


1
1
 lim S n  dx
n  0 x (1  x )

= 2[log(1  x )]10  2 log 2

   2  1
Example: lim tan  tan  ....  tan  =
n 
 3n 3n 3n
3 2 3 3
(A) log 2 (B) log 2 (C) log 3 (D)
   

1 n r 
Solution : lim  tan  

n n   3n  
 r 1
r 1
= x, = dx
n n
/3
 x  3 /3 3
0
tan  dx = ln(sec t ) 0  ln 2
 3   
( t = x/3)

Example
 1/n
(n! )1 / n  n! 
Example: lim or lim n  is equal to
n  n n   n 

(a) e (b) e–1 (c) 1 (d) None of these

(n! )1 / n
Solution: (b) Let A  lim
n  n
1/n 1/n
 r 
n
 1 .2 .3 ...... n  1 2 3
 log n 
n 1
 log A  lim log   log A  lim log . . ....   log A  lim
n   nn  n  n n n n n  n
r 1

 log xdx  [x log x  x]

1
 log A  1
0  log A  1  A  e 1
0

Example
Example