Operation on Fractions
Operation on the Fractions
In the previous chapter, we have studied about the fractions. In this chapter we will study
operations on the fractions, like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division on fractions.
Addition of Fractions
Make the denominator of fractions same by multiplying a suitable number to the numerator and
denominator of both fractions. The common denominator is the denominator of the resultant
fraction and addition of numerators is the numerator of the resultant fraction.
Example:
Add
1216
and
1316
.
Solution:
1216+1316=12+1316=2516
Example:
Add
109
and
910
Solution:
109=109×1010=10090
910=910×99=8190
Therefore, their sum=
10090+8190=100+8190=18190
Subtraction of Fractions _
Make the denominator of each fraction same by multiplying a suitable number to the numerator
and denominator of both fractions. The common denominator is the denominator of resultant
fraction and result of numerators after subtraction is this numerator of the resultant fraction.
Example:
Subtract
2327
from
3027
Solution:
3027−2327=30−2327=727
Example:
Subtract
1617
from
1819
Solution:
1617
=
16×1917×19=304323
1819
18×1719×17=306323
Therefore, difference =
306323−304323=2323
Multiplication of Fractions
Numerator is multiplied to numerator and denominator is multiplied to denominator on
multiplication of any two fractions.
Example:
Find the product of
1320
and
69
Solution:
1320×1619=13×1620×19=208380
Example:
Find the product of
2325
and
175207
.
Solution:
2325×175207=23×17525×207=79
{∵23×9=207 and 25×7=175}
Multiplication of a Fraction and a Whole Number
Simply, numerator of a fraction is multiplied by a whole number and denominator remains same
as the denominator of a fraction.
Example:
Find the product of
2615
and 22.
Solution:
2615×22=26×2215=57215
Example:
Find the product of 25 and
127140
Solution:
25×127140=25×127140=63528
Division of Fractions
For division of fractions, we use following steps:
step1: Reverse the order of divisor fraction so that denominator becomes numerator and
numerator becomes denominator and put the sign of multiplication in place of division.
step2: Multiply numerator by numerator and denominator by denominator.
Divide
2033
by
511
Solution:
2033÷511=2033×115=43
Division of a Fraction by a Whole Number and Vice Versa
The steps used for division are:
Step1: Whole number is written as a fraction by taking 1 as denominator.
Step2: Reverse the order of divisor so that denominator becomes numerator and numerator
becomes denominator, and put the sign of multiplication in place of division.
Step3: Multiply numerator with numerator and denominator with denominator.
Example:
Divide
1215
by 25.
Solution:
1215÷25=1215×125=1215×25=4125
Example:
Divide 216 by
2736
Solution:
216÷2736=
2161×3627=216×3627=24×12=288
Conversion of a Fraction into Decimals
Divide the numerator by denominator till the remainder becomes zero. If the digits in the
numerator goes off, than take other digits as 0 and put the decimal point in the quotient.
Example:
Convert
33912
into decimals.
Solution:
Operation on the Fraction
Addition and Subtraction of Like Fractions
Like fractions have same denominator. In the operation of addition, numerators of the like
fractions are added and their sum become the numerator for the required fraction and their
common denominator becomes denominator. For the example:
PQ+RQ+P+RQ=SQ
(Where
S=P+R
). In the operation of subtraction, difference of numerators is found
Ex:
PQ−RQ=P−RQ=SQ
(Where
S=P−R
)
Add
157
and
97
Explanation
Addition of
157
and
97=157+97
=9+157=247.
Subtract
97
from
157.
Solution:
157−97=15−97=67.
Addition and Subtraction of Unlike Fractions
In the operation of addition of unlike fractions, LCM of denominators is found. The LCM
becomes denominator for the required fraction. Now the LCM is divided each of the
denominators and quotient is multiplied with the respective numerates Sum of the products
becomes numerator for the required fraction. For the example,
PQ+RS=(T÷Q)P+(T÷S)RT=ZT
[Where T is LCM of Q and S and
Z=(T ÷ Q)P+(T ÷ S)R ]
In case of subtraction, difference of the product becomes numerator for the required fraction
PQ−RS=(T÷Q)P−(T÷S)RT=ZT
[Where T is LCM of Q and S and
z=(T ÷ Q)P-(T ÷ S)R ]
Find
715+820
Explanation
LCM of 15 and 20 =60
Thus
715+820=(60÷15)7+(60÷20)860
=4×7+3×860=5260=1315
Find
715−820.
Solution:
715−820=(60÷15)7−(60÷20)860
4×7−3×860=460=115.
Addition and Subtraction of Mixed Fractions
Mixed fractions are changed into improper fractions and then improper fractions are added or
subtracted as per the given problems.
Add
4115
and
5512.
Explanation
4115=6115
and
5512=6512
6115+1512=(60÷15)61+(60÷12)6560=56960.
Multiplication of a Fraction and a Whole Number
Let
PQ
is a fraction and R is a whole number. Their product
PQ × R
can also be written as
PQ × R1.
Now multiply numerator to numerator and denominator to denominator.
Find the product of 8 and
PQ × R1.
Explanation
8×2275
or
81×2275=17675.
Multiplication of Fractions
Numerator is multiplied with numerator and denominator is multiplied with denominator.
For the example ,
PQ × RS=P × RQ × S.
Find the product of
517
and
3285.
Explanation
517×3285=5×3217×85
=1601445=32289.
Multiplication of a Fraction and a Mixed Fraction
Step 1: Mixed fraction is changed into an improper fraction
Step 2: Numerator is multiplied with numerator and denominator is multiplied withdenominator
Multiply
72100
and
71213.
Explanation
71213=10313
And
10313×72100=74161300.
Division of a Fraction by a Whole Number and Vice Versa
Let
PQ
is a fraction and R is a whole number. The fraction
PQ
is divided by the whole number
R⇒PQ ÷ R
Step 1: Whole number is written as a fraction by taking 1 as denominator
PQ ÷ R1.
Step2: Reverse the order of divisor so that denominator becomes numerator and numerator
becomes denominator, and put the sign of multiplication in place of division.
PQ×1R.
Step3: Multiply numerator with numerator and denominator with denominator
P × 1Q × R
Divide
724
by 4.
Explanation
724÷4⇒724÷41⇒724×124⇒7×124×4⇒796.
Divide 8 by \frac{256}{27}
Solution:
8\div \frac{256}{27}
8\times \frac{256}{27}
=\frac{27}{32}
Division of Fractions
Let \frac{\text{p}}{\text{q}} and \frac{\text{r}}{\text{s}} are two fractions and \frac{\text{p}}
{\text{q}} is divided by \frac{\text{r}}{\text{s}}\Rightarrow \frac{\text{p}}
{\text{q}}\text{ }\!\!\div\!\!\text{ }\frac{\text{r}}{\text{s}}\text{.}
Step 1: Reverse the order of divisor fraction and put the sign of multiplication in place of
division \frac{\text{p}}{\text{q}}\times \frac{\text{r}}{\text{s}}\text{.}
Step 2: Multiply numerator with numerator and denominator with denominator
\frac{\text{p}}{\text{q}}\text{ }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ }\frac{\text{s}}{\text{r}}\text{.}
Divide \frac{17}{15} by \frac{12}{23}.
Explanation
\frac{17}{15}\div \frac{12}{23}\Rightarrow \frac{17}{15}\times \frac{23}{12}\Rightarrow
\frac{17\times 23}{15\times 12}\Rightarrow \frac{391}{180}.
Note: If there is mixed fraction as a divisor or as a dividend, the mixed fraction is first changed
into an improper fraction and the above process is followed.
When a fraction is multiplied or divided by 1, the fraction remains same.
A unit fraction is always a proper fraction.
Sum of two unit fraction is not a unit fraction.
In addition of like fractions, sum of their numerators is numerators is numerator and the
common denominator is the denominator for the resultant fraction.
In subtraction of like fractions, difference of their numerators is the numerator and the comoon
denominator is the denominator for the resultant fraction.
In addition of mixed fractions, mixed fractions are converted into improper fractions then they
are added.
In multiplication of fractions, numerator is multiplied with numerator and denominator is
multiplied with denominator.
In division of fractions, the order of numerator and denominator of the divisor fraction is
reversed.
Add \frac{12}{15} and \frac{27}{12}and choose the correct option.
(a) \frac{39}{20}
(b) \frac{61}{12}
(c) \frac{61}{15}
(d) \frac{61}{20}
(e) None of these
Answer: (d)
Explanation
\frac{12}{15}=\frac{4}{5}and\frac{27}{12}=\frac{9}{4}
\frac{4}{5}+\frac{9}{4}\frac{(20\div 5)4+(20\div 4)9}{20}
=\frac{61}{20}
What fraction should be added to \frac{7}{45}toget \frac{45}{7}?
(a) \frac{1976}{315}
(b) \frac{1472}{315}
(c) \frac{1876}{315}
(d) \frac{1972}{315}
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
Explanation
\frac{45}{7}-\frac{7}{45}=\frac{(315\div 7)45-(315\div 45)7}{315}=\frac{1976}{315}.
Represent the shaded part in the following figures as a fraction and find their sum:
(a) 1
(b) \frac{2}{3}
(c) \frac{3}{4}
(d) \frac{4}{5}
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
By how much \frac{32}{70} is greater than \frac{42}{100}?
(a) \frac{45}{94}
(b) \frac{57}{100}
(c) \frac{13}{350}
(d) \frac{13}{700}
(e) None of these
Answer: (c)
\frac{4}{5}+\frac{6}{7}+\frac{19}{3}=7\frac{\text{A}}{\text{105}}which one of the
following numbers should come in place of A?
(a) 104
(b) 94
(c) 105
(d) 44
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
Which one of the following is the product of \frac{42}{68}and \frac{72}{160}?
(a) \frac{456}{680}
(b) \frac{189}{680}
(c) \frac{784}{458}
(d) \frac{698}{680}
(e) None of these
Answer: (b)
Explanation
\frac{42}{68}\times \frac{72}{160}
=\frac{3024}{10880}=\frac{189}{680}
A and B are two points on the following number line. Each of them represents a
fraction. Find their product.
(a) \frac{14}{81}
(b) \frac{14}{9}
(c) \frac{14}{18}
(d) \frac{13}{9}
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
Explanation
A represents the fraction \frac{2}{9} and B represents the fraction \frac{7}{9} and their product
=\frac{2}{9}\times \frac{7}{9}
=\frac{14}{81}.
How many boxes in the figure (2) should be shaded so that product of the fractional
representation for the shaded part in the following figures is \frac{3}{40}?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
(e) None of these
Answer: (c)
Jack multiplies two unit fractions and finds the following conclusions. Which one is
not true?
(a) Value of the resultant fraction increases
(b) Value of the resultant fraction decreases
(c) The resultant fraction is also a unit fraction
(d) The resultant fraction is also a proper fraction
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
In which one of the following figures shaded part represents equivalentfraction of the
product of \frac{2}{7}\times \frac{35}{13}?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
Product of a whole number and a fraction is \frac{26}{7}.If the whole number is 9, find
the fraction.
(a) \frac{234}{7}
(b) \frac{26}{63}
(c) \frac{63}{26}
(d) \frac{7}{234}
(e) None of these
Answer: (b)
Find the quotient when A is divided by B.
(a) \frac{3}{5}
(b)\frac{3}{16}
(c) \frac{5}{16}
(d) \frac{3}{80}
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
Explanation
A represents =\frac{3}{16} and B represents \frac{5}{16}
\text{A }\!\!\div\!\!\text{ B=}\frac{\text{3}}{\text{16}}\text{ }\!\!\div\!\!\text{ }\frac{\text{5}}
{\text{16}}
\Rightarrow \frac{3}{16}\times \frac{16}{5}\Rightarrow \frac{3}{5}.
\frac{x}{y}is a fraction and z is a whole number. Which one of the following is not
correct?
(a) if x=z,\frac{x}{y}\div z=\frac{1}{y}
(b) if y=z,\frac{x}{y}\div z=\frac{1}{{{y}^{2}}}
(c) If x=y=z,quotient of \frac{x}{y}\div zis an improper fraction
(d) If \frac{x}{y} is a unit fraction and z=y,zis reciprocal of \frac{x}{y}
(e) None of these
Answer: (c)
Represent the shaded part in the following figures as a fraction and solve
(a) \frac{1}{8}
(b) \frac{3}{4}
(c) \frac{1}{4}
(d) \frac{1}{6}
(e) None of these
Answer: (d)
Introduction
In the previous chapter we have studied about the fractions. In this chapter we will study some
operations on the fractions like addition, subtraction, multiplication, I and division on fractions.