Transportation and Storage

of
Oil and Gas
4th Year Collage of Oil and Gas Engineering
1st Semester, 2019 Basrah University for Oil and Gas

Dr Asaad Kareem Edaan

[email protected]
[email protected]
Course Structure
• Module: Elective
• Credit: 2
• Lectures
⁕ 2 Hours (13 Lecture Slots)
⁕ Wednesdays 11:30 – 01:30
⁕ Classroom: LR 5
• Assessment
⁕ Quizzes & Assignments (5 - 10 %)
⁕ Mid-term Exam (30 %)
⁕ Final Exam – 2 hours (60 %)

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Course Outline
• Introduction to Storage and Pipeline Systems
• Pipeline Systems
• Metallic Pipes
• Welding & Repair
• Pipping Operation
• Corrosion Control
• Material Selection in Oil and Gas Industry
• Leak Detection Techniques
• Storage and Design Codes

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Course Goals

• Gain an overall understanding of how petroleum products (oil and

gas) are stored, handled and transported.

• Gain a deep knowledge of the main features of pipeline systems.

• Gain an understanding of the materials and components involved

to design and repair pipeline systems.

• Gain an understanding of how pipelines are protected and repaired.

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Reading List
• Transportation of Oil and Gas
Production and Transport of Oil and Gas:
Gathering and transportation, by A. Pál Szilas

• Pipeline Systems.
A Quick Guide to Pipeline Engineering, by D
Alkazraji

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Contact Information

Dr Asaad Kareem Edaan

[email protected] Asaad K. E.
[email protected]

Asaad Al-mashaal

+9647708097012

Asaad K. Al-mashaal

Dr Asaad Kareem 8
Where to find the lecture notes?

Classroom MyU

Dr Asaad Kareem Dr Asaad Kareem

Class Code: tkdecwk Class Code: @Asaad_K_E

if4mggk
Dr Asaad Kareem 9
 Part 1

Introduction
to
Storage and Pipeline Systems

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Overview

Oil and Gas Industry

The biggest sector in the world

Upstream Midstream Downstream

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Energy Sectors

• Oil and gas companies are usually divided into one of three groups:
upstream, downstream, and midstream.

• The terms upstream and downstream oil and gas production refer to
an oil or gas company's location in the supply chain.

• Some companies are considered to be "integrated" because they

combine the functions of two or three of the groups.
Dr Asaad Kareem 12
Energy Sectors

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Energy Sectors: Upstream
What is upstream?
• It is known as the exploration and
production (E&P) sector because it
covers activities related to searching for,
recovering and producing crude oil and
natural gas from underground or
underwater fields.

• The main objective of upstream companies is drilling of exploratory wells and

subsequently drilling and operating the wells that recover and bring the crude
oil/or raw gas to the surface

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Energy Sectors: Midstream

Examples of midstream companies

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Energy Sectors: Downstream
What is downstream?
• Downstream oil and gas production engages in
anything related to the post-production of crude oil
and natural gas activities:
 Refining
 Transport to retail facilities
 Marketing the finished products

• Daily-used products: diesel, natural gas, gasoline,

heating oil, lubricants, pesticides, pharmaceuticals,
asphalt and propane.

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Energy Sectors

Is it clear now what

energy sector we will
try to gain knowledge
about in this course?

Dr Asaad Kareem 22
Activity
Review Questions

1) In which energy sector (upstream, midstream, or downstream) you

would put refineries?

2) Describe briefly the difference between upstream, midstream &

downstream in oil and gas industry.

3) What do we call a company that works in more than one energy

sector?
4) Name at least three companies in the following energy sectors:
a) upstream
b) downstream

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 Pipeline System

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Pipeline System: Overview

 Pipelines, marine vessels, tank trucks, rail tank cars and so forth are used
to transport crude oils, compressed and liquefied hydrocarbon gases, liquid
petroleum products and other chemicals from their point of origin to
pipeline terminals, refineries, distributors and consumers.

 Crude oils and liquid petroleum products are transported, handled and
stored in their natural liquid state.

 Hydrocarbon gases are transported, handled and stored in both the

gaseous and liquid states and must be completely confined in pipelines,
tanks, cylinders or other containers prior to use.

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Pipeline System: Overview

How gas is stored, handled and shipped?

Liquefied hydrocarbon gases (LHGs):

 Are stored, handled and shipped as liquids

 Are expanding into a gas when used.

 Liquefied gas is much more “concentrated” than compressed gas

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Pipeline System: Overview
Why Pipeline? What about other transportation methods?

Pipelines are the safest and most economical means to transport oil and gas.
Pipelines are able to adapt to different environments including remote areas
and hostile environments.

Pipelines have demonstrated a continuous and reliable transporting operation

Pipelines offer superior flexibility to the alternatives

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Pipelines Categories

• Flowlines transporting oil and/or gas from satellite wells to manifolds

• Flowlines transporting oil and/or gas from manifolds to production facility

• Infield flowlines transporting oil and/or gas from between production facilities

• Export pipelines transporting oil and/or gas from production facilities to

refineries/users

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Facility Piping and Pipeline Systems

Production
Flowline Trunk line Manifold
header

Pumping Compressor Separation Gathering

station station station system

Production Facility Injection

Transmission
interconnecting
facility piping line system

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Facility Piping and Pipeline Systems
1. Flowlines

 Are pipes that carry oil or gas products from

the producing wells (wellhead) to the oil or
gas gathering stations, pumping stations or
separators.

 Flowlines may be simple steel lines,

individual flexible lines, or multiple lines
bundled in a carrier pipe.

 Size: from 2 in. (50.8 mm) to 20 in. (508 mm).

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Facility Piping and Pipeline Systems
2. Trunk line

 Trunk lines (also called transmission lines) are one of the

major components of the pipeline system.
 The trunk lines are used to carry crude oil, gas and other
petrochemical products to tank farms or refineries in distant
locations.
 They are usually bigger and permanent lines. They carry often
large quantity of oil, coal, natural gas or chemicals to the final
treatment.
 Size: from 20 in. (508 mm) to 50 in. (1270 mm).

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Facility Piping and Pipeline Systems
3. Manifold
 Is a combination of pipes, fittings, and valves used to
combine production from several sources and direct the
combined flow into appropriate production equipment.
 Oil and gas can be delivered from the wellhead to the
test manifold or production manifold.
 The test manifold delivers oil and gas to the separator on
the wellhead platform for separation and measurement.
 The production manifold delivers oil and gas from each
individual well to the production processing system.
 Size: 2 – 4 in. (oil);

3 – 6 in. (gas)
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Facility Piping and Pipeline Systems
4. Production header
 It connects flowlines from several wells into a
single gathering line that is routed to a test
separator.
 A header has production and testing valves to
control the flow of each well, thus directing
the produced fluids to production or testing
vessels.
 It measures well production oil, water, and
gas rates by directing individual wells through
a test header to the test separator with its
special metering equipment.

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Facility Piping and Pipeline Systems
5. Gathering system
 The gathering system (also called the collecting system or gathering facility) is a set of
equipment that collect, transfer and control the flow of the natural gas or oil from its origin
point at the wellsite to a main storage facility, a processing plant, or a shipping point.
 A gathering system includes pumps, headers, separators, emulsion treaters, tanks, regulators,
compressors, dehydrators, valves and associated equipment.

 The gathering system may handle

condensed hydrocarbon liquids, water, and
corrosive.

 Size: diameter range from 2 to 8 in.

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Facility Piping and Pipeline Systems
6. Injection system

 It is similar to a gathering line but flows in the opposite direction (toward the wells).

 Injection lines transport high-pressure gas or water to wellheads for injection into the
producing formation.

 The injection system pressure is usually greater than the gathering system pressure.
 Reasons for injecting fluids include:

 Reservoir Pressure Maintenance  Conservation Of Gas

 Production Enhancement  Gas Lift

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Activity
Review Questions

1) What are the main reasons that would make pipes are the most
appropriate option for oil and gas transportation?

2) Describe briefly the difference between flowline and trunk line.

3) Name at least four components of a gathering system.

4) Why fluids are used in the injection system?

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