(Effective Alternative Secondary Education)
MATHEMATICS III
Module 3
Geometric Relations
Module 3
Department of Education
BUREAU OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT DIVISION
DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue,Pasig City
Geometric Relations
What this module is about
This module is about the angles formed by parallel lines (//) cut by a transversal.
You will learn to determine the relation between pairs of angles formed by parallel lines
cut by a transversal and solve problems involving segments and angles.
What you are expected to learn
This module is designed for you to:
1. identify the angles formed by parallel lines cut by a transversal.
2. determine the relationship between pairs of angles formed by parallel lines
cut by a transversal:
alternate interior angles
alternate exterior angles
corresponding angles
angles on the same side of the transversal
3. solve problems using the definition and properties involving relationships
between segments and between angles.
How much do you know
The figure below shows lines m // n with t as transversal.
Name: m
7
8
6 n
1. 4 pairs of corresponding angles 5
3
2. 2 pairs of alternate interior angles 4 2
1
3. 2 pairs of alternate exterior angles t
4. 2 pairs of interior angles on the same side of the transversal
5. 2 pairs of exterior angles on the same side of the transversal
Using the same figure:
6. Name all numbered angles congruent to 7.
7. Name all numbered angles congruent to 4.
8. Name all numbered angles supplementary to 8, to 7.
9. Name all numbered angles supplementary to 3, to 4.
10. Name the pairs of equal angles and supplementary angles in the figure.
B
Given: AB // CD
AD // BC
A
In the figure below,
A
AB BD,
DF BD,
1 C
BC // DE B
2
3 D
E 4
11. Is m 2 = m 3? Why?
12. 2 is a complement of _____ and 3 is a complement of ____.
13. Is m 1 + m 2 = m 3 + m 4? Why?
Find the value of x in each of the following figure:
14.
70o
xo 55o
15.
xo
140o
110o
16.
3x
xo
17.
4x
xo
In the figure, write down the pairs of parallel lines and the pairs of congruent
angles.
18.
A C B
F
D
E
G
19. If m 3 = 135, find the measure of each angle in the figure.
1 2 m
4 3
5 6 n
8 7
20. If m 6 = 85, find the measure of each numbered angle in the figure, a //
b and c // d.
6 7 9 10 m
5 8 12 11
4 3 13 14 n
1 2 16 15
d
c
What you will do
Lesson 1
Angles Formed by Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal
In the rectangular solid below, AB and CD are coplanar in plane x. AB and EF
are coplanar in plane y. EF and HF are coplanar in plane z.
G
C
F
B
z
x y
H
D
E
A
Line E intersect AB and CD at two different points. Line E is a transversal of
lines AB and CD.
Definitions:
Coplanar lines are lines that lie in one plane.
Parallel lines are two lines that are coplanar and do not intersect.
Transversal is a line that intersects two or more parallel lines at different points.
E B
A
C D
Line E intersect AB and CD at 2 different points. Line E is a transversal of lines
AB and CD.
Examples:
1. In the figure, lines AB and CD
1 2
are parallel lines cut by transversal
A 4 3 B
line t. The angles formed are:
Angles 1, 2, 7 and 8 are exterior angles
5 6
Angles 3, 4, 5, and 6 are interior angles C 8 7 D
The pairs of corresponding angles are: t
1 and 5
2 and 6
4 and 8
3 and 7
The pairs of alternate interior angles are:
3 and 5
4 and 6
The pairs of alternate exterior angles are:
1 and 7
2 and 8
The pairs of exterior angles on the same side of a transversal (SST) are:
1 and 8
2 and 7
The pairs of interior angles on the same side of a transversal (SST) are:
4 and 5
3 and 6
2. Given: m // n, s is the transversal. The pairs of angles formed are:
a. Corresponding angles: 3 4 m
6 5
3 and 9
6 and 12
4 and 10
5 and 11 9 10 n
12 11
s
b. Alternate exterior angles
3 and 11
4 and 12
c. Alternate interior angles
6 and 10
5 and 9
d. Interior angles on the same side of the transversal (SST).
6 and 9
5 and 10
e. Exterior angles on the same side of the transversal (SST).
3 and 12
4 and 11
3. m // n, t is the transversal.
In the figure, name and identify
he pairs of angles formed: 1 2 m
8 7
9 10 n
12 11
a. Corresponding angles:
1 and 9 t
8 and 12
2 and 10
7 and 11
b. Alternate interior angles
8 and 10
7 and 9
c. Alternate exterior angles
1 and 11
2 and 12
d. Exterior angles on the same side of the transversal (SST).
1 and 12
2 and 11
e. Interior angles on the same side of the transversal (SST).
8 and 9
7 and 10
Try this out
1. In the figure, lines g // h and is cut by line k.
4 1 g
3 2
8 5 h
7 6
k
Name and identify the pairs of angles formed
2. In the figure, q // r and s // t.
15 16 7 8 q
14 13 6 5
11 12 3 4 r
10 9 2 1
t
s
Name and identify the pairs of angles formed.
3. In the figure, u // w. Lines x and y are transversals.
6 5 1 2 u
7 8 4 3
9
10 14
w
11 13
12
x
y
Name and identify the pairs of angles formed
4. In the figure, identify and name the pairs of parallel lines and its transversal.
A
B
C D
G
E F
5. In the figure, identify and name the pairs of parallel lines and its transversal /
transversals.
a b
e
Lesson 2
Relationship Between Pairs of Angles Formed
by Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal
If two lines are cut by a transversal, then:
a. corresponding angles are congruent
b. alternate interior angles are congruent
c. alternate exterior angles are congruent
d. interior angles on the same side of a transversal are supplementary
e. exterior angles on the same side of a transversal are supplementary
Examples:
1 4 p
1. Given: p // q, r is a transversal
2 3
Figure:
5 8 q
6 7
r
What is the measure of each numbered angles if m 1 = 120? Give the reason
for your answer.
Answers:
If 1 = 120o, 5 = 120o Corresponding angles are .
If 5 = 120o, 3 = 120o Alternate interior angles are
If 3 = 120o, 7 = 120o Corresponding angles are
If 7 = 120o, 4 = 60o Exterior angles on the same side
of a transversal are supplementary
If 4 = 60o, 8 = 60o Corresponding angles are
If 8 = 80 , 2 = 60
o o
Alternate interior angles are
If 2 = 60o, 6 = 60o Corresponding angles are
2. Given: In the figure, if m 1 = 105, determine the measures of the other
numbered angles. Justify your answers.
Figure: t
1 2
A 4 3 B
5 6
C 8 7 D
Answers:
If 1 = 105o, 5 = 105o Corresponding angles are .
If 5 = 105o, 3 = 105o Alternate interior angles are
If 3 = 105o, 7 = 105o Corresponding angles are
If 7 = 105o, 2 = 75o Exterior angles on the same side
of a transversal are supplementary
If 2 = 75o, 8 = 75o Alternate exterior angles are
If 8 = 75o, 4 = 75o Corresponding angles are
If 4 = 75o, 6 = 75o Alternate interior angles are
3. Given: m // n, s and t are the transversals t s
1 2 3 4
If m 5 = 110 and m 12 = 90, determine m
8 7 6 5
the measures of the other numbered s.
Justify your answer.
10
9 11 n
14 12
13
Answers:
If m 5 = 110, m 12 + m 13 = 110
Since m 12 = 90, m 13 = 20. Corresponding angles are
m 4 = 70 4 and 5 are supplementary
If m 4 = 70, m 11 = 70 Corresponding angles are
m 3 = 110 3 and 5 are vertical angles
If m 3 = 110, m 9 + m 10 = 110 Corresponding angles are
If m 9 = 90, m 7 = 90 Alternate interior angles are
If m 12 = 90, m 2 = 90 Exterior angles on the same side
of a transversal are supplementary
Since m 9 = 90, m 1 = 90 Corresponding angles are
If m 13 + m 14 = m 8, m 8 = 90 Corresponding angles are
Therefore, the measures of the numbered angles are:
1 = 90o 8 = 90o
2 = 90o 9 = 90o
3 = 110o 10 = 20o
4= 70o 11 = 70o
5 = 110o 12 = 90o
6 = 70o 13 = 20o
7 = 90o 14 = 70o
Try this out
1. If m 6 = 85, find the measure of the other numbered angles. Justify your
answers.
Given: a // b, c is the transversal
Figure: a b
1 2 5 6
c
4 3 8 7
2. If m 10 = 118 , find the measures of the other numbered angles. Justify
your answers.
Given: f // g, r // q
8 7 9 10 f
5 6 12 11
4 3 13 14 g
1 2 16 15
q
r
3. In the figure, u // w. Lines x and y are transversals. If m 8 = 62, m 14
= 90, find the measures of the other numbered s. Justify your answers.
Figure:
6 5 1 2 u
7 8 4 3
9
10 14
w
11 13
12
x
y
Form an equation in x and solve the equation.
4.
2xo
xo
5.
xo
120o
100o
Let’ summarize
The angles formed by parallel lines cut by a transversal are:
1. corresponding angles
2. alternate interior angles
3. alternate exterior angles
4. exterior angles on the same side of a transversal
5. interior angles on the same side of a transversal
The relationship of the angles formed by parallel lines cut by a transversal are:
1. pairs of corresponding s are
2. pairs of alternate interior angles are
3. pairs of alternate exterior angles are
4. pairs of interior angles on the same side of a transversal are
supplementary
5. pairs of exterior angles on the same side of a transversal are supplementary
What have you learned
The figure below shows lines m // n with t as transversal.
Figure: t
1 2 m
4 3
5 6 n
8 7
Name:
1. 4 pairs of corresponding angles.
2. 2 pairs of alternate interior angles.
3. 2 pairs of alternate exterior angles.
4. 2 pairs of interior angles on the same side of a transversal.
5. 2 pairs of exterior angles on the same side of a transversal.
Using the same figure:
6. Name all numbered angles congruent to 7.
7. Name all numbered angles congruent to 4.
8. Name all numbered angles supplementary to 8, 7.
9. Name all numbered angles supplementary to 3, 4.
10. Name the pairs of equal angles and supplementary angles in the figure.
Given: AB // CD Figure:
AD // BC
A B
D C
11. – 13. In the figure, AB BD, DF BD, BC // DE
Figure: A
1
2
D B
3
4
E
F
11. Is m 2 = m 3? Why?
12. 2 is a complement of _____ and 3 is a complement of _____.
13. Is m 1 + m 2 = m 3 + m 4? Why?
Find the value of x in each of the following figures.
14.
50o
xo xo
15.
100o
120o
xo
16.
5x
xo
17.
xo
4x
In the figure, Write down the pairs of parallel lines and the pairs of congruent angles.
B A
18.
F D C
E
19. If m 1 = 135, find the measure of each angle in the figure below:
t
1 2 m
4 3
5 6 n
8 7
20. If m 6 = 75, find the measure of each numbered angle in the figure, a //
b and c // d.
6 7 9 10 a
5 8 12 11
4 3 13 14 b
1 2 16 15
d
c
Answer key
How much do you know
1. 8 and 4, 7 and 3
5 and 1, 6 and 2
2. 5 and 3, 4 and 6
3. 8 and 2, 7 and 1
4. 5 and 4, 6 and 3
5. 8 and 1, 7 and 2
6. 3, 1, 5
7. 8, 6, 2
8. To 8: 1, 5, 7; To 7: 2, 8, 6
9. To 3: 6, 4, 2; To 4: 5, 3, 1
10. A C, B D, A supplement B, B supplement C
C supplement D, D supplement A
11. Yes, They are alternate interior s
12. 1, 4
13. Yes, because they are right angles.
14. x = 55o
15. x = 110o
16. x = 45o
17. x = 36o
18. AB // DE; CD // FG; ACD EDC; EFG CDF
19. 2 = 45o; 4 = 45o; 1 = 135o; 7 = 135o; 8 = 45o; 6 = 45o; 5 = 135o
20. 4 = 85o; 5 = 95o; 1 = 95o; 7 = 95o; 3 = 95o; 8 = 85o; 2 = 85o
10 = 95o; 9 = 85o; 12 = 95o; 11 = 85o; 13 = 85o; 14 = 95o; 16 =
95 ; 15 = 85
o o
Try this out
Lesson 1
1. 4 and 8; 3 and 7; 1 and 5; 2 and 6 are corresponding
angles;
4 and 7; 1 and 6 are exterior angles on SST;
3 and 5; 2 and 8 are alternate interior angles;
3 and 8; 2 and 5 are interior angles on SST;
4 and 6; 1 and 7 are alternate exterior angles ;
2. 1 and 5; 4 and 8; 2 and 6; 3 and 7 are corresponding
angles;
4 and 6; 3 and 5 are alternate interior angles;
7and 2; 8 and 1 are exterior angles on SST;
6 and 3; 5 and 4 are interior angles on SST;
5 and 13; 6 and 14; 7 and 15; 8 and 16 are
corresponding angles;
8 and 15; 5 and 14 are exterior angles on SST;
7and 16; 6 and 13 are interior angles on SST;
16 and 6; 13 and 7 are alternate interior angles;
15 and 5; 14 and 8 are alternate exterior angles;
15 and 11; 14 and 10; 16 and 12; 13 and 9 are
corresponding angles;
14 and 11; 13 and 12 are interior angles on SST;
15and 10; 16 and 9 are exterior angles on SST;
4 and 12; 13 and 11 are alternate interior angles;
15 and 9; 16 and 10 are alternate exterior angles;
3 and 11; 4 and 12; 2 and 10; 1 and 9 are
corresponding angles;
12 and 2; 3 and 9 are alternate interior angles;
11 and 1; 4 and 10 are alternate exterior angles;
1and 10; 4 and 11 are exterior angles on SST;
3 and 12; 2 and 9 are interior angles on SST;
3. 1 and 9 + 10; 4 and 11 are corresponding angles;
2 and 14; 3 and 12 + 13 are corresponding angles;
4 and 14; 3 and 9 + 10 are alternate interior angles;
1 and 12 + 13; 2 and 11 are alternate exterior angles;
1 and 11; 2 and 12 + 13 are exterior angles on SST;
4 and 9 + 10; 3 and 14 are interior angles on SST;
6 and 10; 7 and 11 + 12; 5 and 9 + 14; 8 and 13 are
corresponding angle ;
7 and 9 + 14; 8 and 10 are alternate interior angles;
6 and 13; 5 and 11 + 12 are alternate exterior angles;
6and 11 + 12; 5 and 13 are exterior angles on SST;
7 and 10; 8 and 9 + 14 are interior angles on SST;
4. BA // CD with BC as transversal
CD // FE with DE as transversal
DE // FG with FE as transversal
BC // DE with CD as transversal
5. a // b, e, c and d are the transversals
6. c // d, a, b and e are the transversals
Lesson 2
1. 2 = 85o; 5 = 95o; 1 = 95o; 7 = 95o; 3 = 95o; 8 = 85o;
4 = 85o
2. 12 = 118o; 9 = 62o; 11 = 62o; 16 = 118o; 13 = 62o;
14 = 118o; 15 = 62o, 8= 62°, 6=62°, 4=62°, 2=62°,
7=118°, 5=118°, 3=118°, 1=118°
3. 8 = 62o; 6 = 62o; 10 = 62o; 9 = 28o;
12 = 28o; 11 = 90o; 13 = 62o; 7 = 118o; 5 = 118o; 1 = 90o;
2 = 90o ; 3 = 90o; 4 = 90o
4. x = 60
5. x = 140
What have you learned
1. 1 and 5, 4 and 8, 2 and 6, 3 and 7
2. 4 and 6, 3 and 5
3. 1 and 7, 2 and 8
4. 4 and 5, 3 and 6
5. 1 and 8, 2 and 7
6. 3, 5, 1
7. 8, 6, 2
8. 8: 5, 7, 1; 3 7: 2, 6, 8, 4
9. 3: 6, 4, 2; 8 4: 5, 3, 1, 7
10. A C; B D; A supplementary B
B supplementary C
C supplementary D
A supplementary D
11. Yes, they are alternate interior angles
12. 1, 4
13. Yes, because their sum is equal to 90o
14. x = 65
15. x = 140
16. x = 30
17. x = 36
18. BA // CF, BC // DE, ABC BCF; BCD CDE
19. 2 = 45o, 3 = 135o, 4 = 45o, 5 = 135o, 6 = 45o, 7 = 135o, 8 = 45o
20. 4 = 75o, 1 = 105o, 5 = 105o, 7 = 105o, 3 = 105o, 8 = 75o,
2 = 75o, 9 = 75o, 10 = 105o, 12 = 105o, 11 = 75o, 13=75°,
14=105°, 16=105°
