14/12/2017 Electrical Machines - I - - Unit 2 - Week1

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Unit 2 - Week1

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Week1 Assignment-1

1) A cast-steel ring has a mean circumference of 80 cm and a cross-sectional area of 3.14 10 points
Lecture 1:
Introduction cm2. An air – gap of 1mm length is cut-out in the ring. The ring is wound uniformly with a coil of 600
turns. Calculate the flux produced in the air – gap, if the exciting current is 2A? Neglect fringing and
Lecture 2:
Operating leakage.
Principles and Magnetization data:
Construction of
Single Phase
Transformers H(AT/m) 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
B (T) 0.10 0.32 0.60 0.90 1.08 1.18 1.27 1.32 1.36 1.40
Lecture 3:
Modeling of 1.3 Wb
Single Phase
0.26 mWb
Transformers
6.2 mWb
Quiz : Week 1:
4.8 mWb
Assignment

Week 1 :
Assignment
Solution Accepted Answers:
Feedback for 0.26 mWb
week 1
2) The magnetic circuit, made out of mild steel core is shown in figure. 10 points
Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

Week 9
The dimensions are given below:
Week 10 Length (ab + cd) = 40 cm Cross-sectional area = 30 cm2
Length ad = 20 cm Cross-sectional area = 30 cm2
Week 11
Length aed = 40 cm Cross-sectional area = 30 cm2
Week 12 Determine the exciting coil mmf required to establish an air-gap flux of 0.6 m
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14/12/2017 Electrical Machines - I - - Unit 2 - Week1
Wb. Neglect fringing and leakage.
The magnetization curve of mild steel is given below:

470 AT
207 AT
803 AT
1252 AT

Accepted Answers:
803 AT

3) The magnetic circuit shown in figure, has the following parameters 10 points
N = 100 turns
Core area, Ac = Air gap area, Ag = 5 cm2
Relative permeability of core , μcore = infinity
Determine the air-gap length, lg, to provide a coil inductance of 10 mH.

1 cm
2 mm
0.1 mm
0.6 mm

Accepted Answers:
0.6 mm

4) The primary of a transformer has 200 turns and is excited by a 50 hz, 230 – V source. 10 points
What is the maximum value of the core flux?

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14/12/2017 Electrical Machines - I - - Unit 2 - Week1

40.8 mWb
5.18 mWb
7 mWb
4 mWb

Accepted Answers:
5.18 mWb

5) A voltage v = 166 sin(314t) + 20sin(942t) V is applied to the primary of a transformer. If 10 points

the transformer has 100 turns in the primary, determine the rms value of the core flux. The leakage flux can
be neglected.

4.6 mWb
3.7 mWb
2.8 mWb
8.3 mWb

Accepted Answers:
3.7 mWb

6) A 20 – kVA, 50 – Hz,2000/200 V distribution transformer has a leakage impedance of 10 points

0.42 + j 0.52Ω in the high-voltage (HV) winding and 0.002 + j0.05 Ω in the low-voltage (LV) winding. It is
employed to step down the voltage at the load-end of a feeder having an impedance of 0.15 + j 1.8 Ω.
The sending-end voltage of the feeder is 2 kV. Find the voltage at the load end of the transformer when
the load is drawing rated transformer current at 0.8 pf lagging. The voltage drops due to exciting current
may be ignored.

195V
180V
133V
188V

Accepted Answers:
195V

7) A single-phase 33kVA, 1100/110 V, 50 Hz transformer has the following parameters: 10 points

Primary winding (HV side)-Resistance=2 Ω, leakage Reactance=6.2 Ω
Secondary winding (HV side)-Resistance=0.05 Ω, leakage Reactance=0.06 Ω
Find the equivalent resistance and equivalent leakage reactance referred to primary

7 ohm and 12.2 ohm

10 ohm and 12.2 ohm
7 ohm and 15 ohm
10 ohm and 15 ohm

Accepted Answers:
7 ohm and 12.2 ohm

8) The equivalent circuit of a 250/2500 V transformer referred to the low voltage side is given 10 points
below.

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14/12/2017 Electrical Machines - I - - Unit 2 - Week1

A load of 350+j210 Ω is connected. For a primary side input voltage of 250 V, compute the RMS value
of primary current.

68 A
38 A
54 A
60 A

Accepted Answers:
54 A

9) The equivalent circuit of a 250/2500 V transformer referred to the low voltage side is given 10 points
below.

A load of 350+j210 Ω is connected. For a primary side input voltage of 250 V, compute the input power
factor

0.68 lag
0.68 lead
0.81 lag
0.81 lead

Accepted Answers:
0.81 lag

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 Assignment - 1 : Solution

Q1. Solution

lc = 0.8m; lg = 10−3 ; m Ac = 3.14 × 10−4 m2 ; N = 600; i = 2A

N i = Hc lc + Hg lg
Bg
= Hc lc + lg
µo
no. f ringing B g = Bc
Bc
N i = Hc lc + lg
µo
   
µo lc µo N i
Bc = − Hc +
lg lg
−7 4π × 10−7 × 600 × 2
   
4π × 10 × 0.8
Bc = − Hc +
10−3 10−3
Bc = (−1.005 × 10−3 )Hc + 1.507

This equation is in the form of a straight line. It can be plotted over the B-H curve of the core material .
The intersecting point gives the operating point.

1.5

1
B (T)

0.5

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000
H (AT/m)

From the plot

Bc = 0.79T
φ = 0.79 × Ac
= 0.79 × 3.14 × 10−4
= 0.258mW b

Assignment No :1 onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in Page 1 / 7

Q2.Solution

Air gap flux required = 0.6mW b Assuming no fringing, the flux density in the path abcd will be same as
that in the air gap.

0.6 × 10−3
B= = 0.2T
30 × 10−4
B 0.2 × 0.4 × 10−3
mmf. across air gap : Fbc = lbc =
µo 4π × 10−7
= 63.6AT
From the BH-curve of cast-steel for B = 0.2T ; Hc = 400AT /m
Hab = Hcd
Fab+cd = 400 × 40 × 10−2
= 160AT
Fad = Fbc + Fab + Fcd
= 160 + 63.66 = 223.6AT
Fad 223.6
Had = = = 1118AT /m
lad 20 × 10−2
From the BH-Curve, for a flux density of 1118 AT, Bad = 1T
φad = 1 × 30 × 10−4 = 3mW b
φdea = φad + φabcd
= 0.6 + 3 = 3.6mW b
3.6 × 10−3
Bdea = = 1.2T
30 × 10−4
From BH-Curve, Hdea = 1450AT /m
Fdea = Hdea ldea = 1450 × 40 × 10−2 = 580AT
Coil mmf required, F = Fdea + Fad = 580 + 223.6
= 803.6AT

Assignment No :1 onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in Page 2 / 7

Q3.Solution

N = 100turns; Ac = Ag = 5 × 10−4 ; µcore

µcore = ∞ ⇒ reluctance, Rc = 0
Required coil inductance, L = 10mH
lg
Rg =
µ o Ag
N 2 N × 4π × 10−7 × 5 × 10−4
2
L= =
Rg lg
100 × 4π × 10 × 5 × 10−4
2 −7
lg =
10 × 10−3
= 0.6mm

Q4.Solution

E1 = 4.44f N1 φm (1)
E1
φm = (2)
4.44f N1
230
= (3)
4.44 × 50 × 200
= 5.18 mW b (4)

Q5.Solution
Z
1
φ= vdt (5)
N
Z
1
= (166 sin(314t) + 20 sin(942t))dt (6)
100
= −5.28 cos(314t) − 0.21 cos(942t) mW b (7)
s
5.28 2 0.21 2
  
φrms = √ + √ (8)
2 2
= 3.73 mW b (9)

Assignment No :1 onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in Page 3 / 7

Q6.Solution

The approximate equivalent circuit referred to the HV side with the feeder impedance is shown in Fig.1
20 × 103
Rated load current (HV Side) = = 10A
2000
Transformer impedance referred to HV side, Ztrans = (0.42 + j0.52) + 102 (0.002 + j0.05)
= 0.62 + j5.52 Ω
The feeder being in the HV side of the transformer, its impedance is not modified
Zf eeder = 0.15 + j1.8 Ω
00
Voltage at the load end referred to HV side, VL = 2000 − [(0.15 + 0.62) + j(1.8 + 5.52)] × 10∠ − 36.86
= 1950.675∠ − 1.5847
1950.675
Load voltage referred to LV side, VL = = 195.07V
10

Figure 1: Equivalent circuit referred to HV side (Transformer + Feeder)

Assignment No :1 onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in Page 4 / 7

Q7.Solution

The voltage rating of the given transformer(V) = 2300/220 V

Frequency(f)=50Hz
EMF/turn=13 V
Flux density(B)=1.5 T
Therefore from the given data, no of turns in the primary of the transformer is given by= 2300/13 = 176.923 turns ≈ 177
E1 = 4.44f N1 φm
E1
φm =
4.44f N1
2300
=
4.44 × 50 × 177
= 58.56 mW b
φm
B=
Area of cross section
φm
Area of cross section =
B
58.56 m
=
1.5
= 0.039 m2

Assignment No :1 onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in Page 5 / 7

Q8.Solution

The voltage rating of the given transformer(V) = 1100/110 V

Primary winding (HV side) parameters:-
R1 = 2 Ω; X1 = 6.2 Ω
Secondary winding (LV side) parameters:-
R2 = 0.05 Ω; X2 = 0.06 Ω
N2 V2
Turns ratio(K) = =
N1 V1
110 1
K= =
1100 10
0
Equivalent resistance referred to primaryR1eq = R1 + R2
0 R2
R2 =
K2
0.05
= =5Ω
1 2
10

R1eq = 7 Ω
0
Equivalent reactance referred to primaryX1eq = X1 + X2
0 X2
X2 =
K2
0.06
= =6Ω
1 2
10

X1eq = 12.2 Ω

Q9.Solution
 2
0 N1
The equivalent impedance of load referred to primary(Z ) = ×Z
N2
 2
250
= × (350 + 210j) = (3.5 + 2.1j) Ω
2500
The total current drawn I1 can be divided into two components.
0
One the shunt component Ie and the load component I1
0
I1 = Ie + I1
   
250 250
Ie = + j = (0.5 + 1j) = 1.118∠63.44A
500 250
0 250
I1 =
(0.2 + 0.65j) + (3.5 + 2.1j)
= 54.22∠ − 36.62A
∴ I1 = 54.036∠ − 35.453A

Assignment No :1 onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in Page 6 / 7

Q10.Solution

Input power factor = cos(−35.453) = 0.815lag

Assignment No :1 onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in Page 7 / 7