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Week1b - OverviewOf OOP PDF

OOP allows decomposition of a problem into objects and builds data and functions around these objects. [1] A class is a blueprint that defines variables and functions but does not occupy memory, while an object is an instance of a class that represents real-world items and uses memory. [2] Key OOP concepts include abstraction to focus on what objects do instead of how, encapsulation to hide internal details and prevent access to an object's internals, inheritance for object reusability, and polymorphism for one name to have multiple forms. [3]

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104 views3 pages

Week1b - OverviewOf OOP PDF

OOP allows decomposition of a problem into objects and builds data and functions around these objects. [1] A class is a blueprint that defines variables and functions but does not occupy memory, while an object is an instance of a class that represents real-world items and uses memory. [2] Key OOP concepts include abstraction to focus on what objects do instead of how, encapsulation to hide internal details and prevent access to an object's internals, inheritance for object reusability, and polymorphism for one name to have multiple forms. [3]

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EdrianCliffDelPilar
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Introduction

OOP Features

Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming model where programs are organized around
objects and data rather than action and logic.

OOP allows decomposition of a problem into a number of entities called objects and then builds data
and functions around these objects.

-The software is divided into a number of small units called objects. The data and functions are built
around these objects.

-The data of the objects can be accessed only by the functions associated with that object.

-The functions of one object can access the functions of another object.

OOP has the following important features:

Class

- A class is the core of any modern Object Oriented Programming language such as C#.

-In OOP languages it is mandatory to create a class for representing data.

-A class is a blueprint of an object that contains variables for storing data and functions to
perform operations on the data.

-A class will not occupy any memory space and hence it is only a logical representation of data.

To create a class, you simply use the keyword "class" followed by the class name:

class Employee

Object

-Objects are the basic run-time entities of an object oriented system. They may represent a
person, a place or any item that the program must handle.

-"An object is a software bundle of related variable and methods."

-"An object is an instance of a class"


OOP Concepts

1. Abstraction

2. Encapsulation

3. Inheritance

4. Polymorphism

Abstraction

-Abstraction is "To represent the essential feature without representing the background details."

- Abstraction lets you focus on what the object does instead of how it does it.

- Abstraction provides you a generalized view of your classes or objects by providing relevant
information.
- Abstraction is the process of hiding the working style of an object, and showing the information
of an object in an understandable manner.

Suppose you have an object CAR:

CAR – features will color, manufacturer, model

Encapsulation

- Wrapping up a data member and a method together into a single unit (in other words class) is
called Encapsulation.
- Encapsulation is like enclosing in a capsule. That is enclosing the related operations and data
related to an object into that object.
- Encapsulation is like your bag in which you can keep your pen, book etcetera. It means this is
the property of encapsulating members and functions.
- Encapsulation means hiding the internal details of an object, in other words how an object does
something.
- Encapsulation prevents clients from seeing it’s inside view, where the behavior of the
abstraction is implemented.

Inheritance

- When a class includes a property of another class it is known as inheritance.


- Inheritance is a process of object reusability.

Polymorphism

- Polymorphism means one name, many forms.


- One function behaves in different forms.
- In other words, "Many forms of a single object is called Polymorphism."

This is an overview of Object Oriented Programming, the different OOP concepts will be thoroughly
discuss as we continue with the course.

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