ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY

HGA Graphite Furnace

Including the AS-800 Autosampler

User’s Guide
 ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY

HGA
Graphite Furnace
Including the AS-800 Autosampler

User’s Guide
 PerkinElmer Bodenseewerk is
registered for the design and
manufacture of laboratory analyti-
cal equipment under the quality
requirements of BS EN ISO 9001.

Certificate No. FM 22178

Notice
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Release history

Part Number Release Publication Date

0993-5258 1 February 1998
2 May 1998
3 October 1998
4 February 1999
5 February 2000

Trademarks
PerkinElmer is a registered trademark of affiliates of PerkinElmer LLC.
AA WinLab, AAnalyst, Lumina, and HGA are trademarks of affiliates of PerkinElmer LLC.
Windows is a trademark and Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this document, even when not
specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.
Copyright information
This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright.
All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form whatsoever
or translated into any language without the prior written permission of PerkinElmer LLC
or one of its affiliates.
Copyright ©1998–2000 by affiliates of PerkinElmer LLC
Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany
Technical Documentation
PerkinElmer Bodenseewerk
D-88647 Ueberlingen, Federal Republic of Germany
 Contents

page

Chapter 1 Safety Information

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Correct use of analytical instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Warning markings on the graphite furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Chapter 2 HGA Graphite Furnace: Preparing for Analyses
Atomizer compartment door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Raising and lowering the door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Removing and refitting the door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Installing the furnace autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
The first installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Fitting the autosampler to the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Removing the autosampler from the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Connecting the drain tube and waste bottle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Connecting the rinse feed tubes and the rinse bottle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Installing sample trays and containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Types of sample tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
To install the sample tray and cover: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Sample cups and reagent containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Quick Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Setting up the system for analyses using the furnace technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Selecting the atomizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Setting up the autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Perform these steps before the start of every analysis run: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Filling and flushing the rinsing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Rinsing solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Aligning the autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Checking the solution droplet delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22

0993-5258 C-1
Contents

page

Chapter 3 HGA Graphite Furnace: System Maintenance

PerkinElmer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Checklists for regular maintenance tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Graphite furnace maintenance procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Opening and closing the furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Cleaning the graphite tube and graphite contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Heating the graphite tube to remove contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Cleaning the contact surfaces of the graphite tube and contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Changing the graphite tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Inserting a L’vov platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Conditioning the graphite tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Heating the graphite furnace manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
Changing the graphite contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
Checking and cleaning the furnace windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24
Cooling system maintenance procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
Emptying the cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
Refilling the cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29
Changing the cooling system fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30
Autosampler maintenance procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31
Routine maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31
Valve maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32
Flushing the valves and rinsing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32
Rinsing solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33
Checking the valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34
Removing the rinse pump valves and sample pump tube connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36
Cleaning the valves, tube connectors and pump heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38
Assembling and installing the valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38
Repairing a pipet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41
Installing a new pipet assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43
Aligning the pump heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-46

C-2 0993-5258
 Contents

page

Chapter 4 HGA Graphite Furnace: Parts and Supplies

Obtaining supplies, replacement parts, and accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
HGA Graphite Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Graphite components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Matrix modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Window components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Furnace gas and cooling systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Parts provided with the AS-800 furnace autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Supplies and replacement parts for the furnace autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Pump parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Chapter 5 HGA Graphite Furnace: System Description
HGA Graphite Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Furnace design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
The graphite tube and contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Maximum power heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Time-controlled heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Temperature control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
The furnace gas system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Principle of the gas purging system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
The external protective gas flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
The internal purge gas flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Inert gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Cooling the furnace system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Graphite furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12

0993-5258 C-3
Contents

page

AS-800 Furnace Autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13

Autosampler design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Sample and rinse pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
The sample table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Sample and reagent containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Controlling the autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
The autosampler operating cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Literature on electrothermal atomization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Chapter 6 Translations of Warnings
Warning Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Index
Customer Service

C-4 0993-5258
Safety Information 1
1Safety Information

Contents page

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Correct use of analytical instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Warning markings on the graphite furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

0993-5258 1-1
 Safety Information

1-2 0993-5258
 Safety Information

Introduction

The guides provided with your analytical instrument contain information and
warnings that you must follow to ensure safe operation and to maintain the
instrument in a safe condition. This advice is intended to supplement, not
supersede, the normal safety code of behavior prevailing in the country of
operation.
General safety practices for atomic spectroscopy and potential hazards with
various atomic absorption techniques are described in the User’s Guide for the
atomic absorption spectrometer. Please refer to that guide before you operate the
system.
The information provided does not cover every safety procedure that should be
practiced. Ultimately, maintenance of a safe laboratory environment is the
responsibility of the user and the user’s organization.

Correct use of analytical instruments

Before you install or use your instrument, and in order to get the best results, you
should be familiar with all of the instruments in the system and know how to
operate them. You should also be aware of the safety procedures in force in your
laboratory, especially those concerning atomic spectroscopy instruments. Read
the guides supplied with the instruments before you start.
If you use the instrument in a manner not specified in the guides, or if you use it
for a purpose other than that intended, you may damage the instrument, or
compromise your own, or someone else’s, safety.
Analytical instruments should only be operated by persons who are suitably
qualified and have received adequate training.

0993-5258 1-3
 Safety Information

Warning markings on the graphite furnace

A
A

B
Risk of hot surfaces
Risque de surfaces chaudes
Gefahr durch heiße Oberflächen HGA Furnace

B
Warning: Moving Parts – Risk of Injury
Some moving parts of the instrument are accessible in normal operation.
Keep hands, clothing and other objects away from the moving parts of the instrument.
Danger: Parties en mouvement – Risque d'accident corporel
Certaines parties en mouvement de l'instrument sont accessibles en fonctionnement normal.
Tenir les mains, vêtements et autres objets éloignés des parties en mouvement de l'instrument.
Warnung: Bewegliche Teile – Verletzungsgefahr
Bei normalem Betrieb sind bewegliche Teile des Geräts zugänglich.
Hände, Kleidung und andere Gegenstände von den beweglichen Teilen des Geräts fernhalten.

1-4 0993-5258
HGA Graphite Furnace:
Preparing for Analyses 2
2HGA Graphite Furnace: Preparing for Analyses
Marker for header

Contents page

Atomizer compartment door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Raising and lowering the door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Removing and refitting the door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Installing the furnace autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
The first installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Fitting the autosampler to the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Removing the autosampler from the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Connecting the drain tube and waste bottle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Connecting the rinse feed tubes and the rinse bottle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Installing sample trays and containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Types of sample tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
To install the sample tray and cover: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Sample cups and reagent containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Quick Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Setting up the system for analyses using the furnace technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Selecting the atomizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Setting up the autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Perform these steps before the start of every analysis run: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Filling and flushing the rinsing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Rinsing solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Aligning the autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Checking the solution droplet delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22

0993-5258 2-1
HGA Preparing for Analyses

2-2 0993-5258
 HGA Preparing for Analyses

Atomizer compartment door

Raising and lowering the door

Perform the steps below to raise or lower the atomizer compartment door:

Grip

Latch button

Figure 2-1. Raising or Lowering the Atomizer Compartment Door

1. Place the fingers of your left hand behind the grip and press the latch button
with your thumb.
2. Keeping the latch button pressed in, raise or lower the atomizer compartment
door to the end stop, preferably holding the door with both hands.
You can also leave the door in any intermediate position when you release the
latch button.

0993-5258 2-3
HGA Preparing for Analyses

Removing and refitting the door

To operate the graphite furnace with the autosampler you must remove the
atomizer compartment door. Follow the steps below to remove and refit the door.

Door securing knob

Figure 2-2. Removing the Atomizer Compartment Door

Caution: Risk of damage to the furnace autosampler

The sampler arm on the autosampler can strike the door when the door is in the
lowest position.
• Always remove the atomizer compartment door before you operate the
graphite furnace with the autosampler.

To remove the door:

1. Slide the door to the lowest position.
2. Unscrew the door securing knob.
3. Carefully pull the 2 door pins out of the door slide on the left-hand side.
4. Pull the door retainer strip out of the door slide on the right-hand side.
Removal is complete.

To refit the door:

1. Insert the door retainer strip into the slot in the door slide on the right-hand
side.
2. Slide the door up or down until the 2 door pins line up with the holes in the
door slide on the left-hand side.
Push the pins into the holes.
3. Screw in the door securing knob.
Refitting is complete.

2-4 0993-5258
 HGA Preparing for Analyses

Installing the furnace autosampler

The first installation

A PerkinElmer service engineer will install the furnace autosampler at the same
time as the spectrometer system. The following instructions are provided for
those occasions when you may need to remove and refit the autosampler.
Usually there is no need to remove the autosampler. When you are working with
a different atomizer, or when you wish to perform graphite furnace maintenance
procedures, you swivel the autosampler away from the atomizer compartment to
the standby position at the right.
Note: The AS-800 autosampler functions with the HGA graphite furnace (as
used in the AAnalyst 700) and the THGA graphite furnace (as used in the
AAnalyst 600 and 800). Due to differences in these furnaces, the swing arm
supporting the autosampler is specific to the given furnace type and is not
interchangeable.

0993-5258 2-5
HGA Preparing for Analyses

Fitting the autosampler to the spectrometer

Caution: Risk of damage to the autosampler

The autosampler assembly with the metal swing arm is quite heavy.
• Do not lift the autosampler by the motor, the autosampler arm, or any of the
plastic components. This can cause irreparable damage.
• Always lift the autosampler by the metal swing arm.
1. Make sure that the spectrometer is switched off.
2. Hold the autosampler assembly by the metal swing arm and carefully insert
the hinge pin on the swing arm into the hinge on the spectrometer to the right
below the atomizer compartment. Lower the autosampler assembly to the
stop.
3. Carefully swivel the autosampler to the standby position at the right.
4. Connect the control cable:
1. Feed the female connector on the cable from underneath through the slot
at the rear of the swing arm and insert it into the right-hand (as seen from
the rear) connector on the base of the autosampler.
2. Lead the cable to the accessory ports at the front of the spectrometer and
insert the plug into port 1.
5. Fit the rinse bottle and the waste bottle in the brackets on the swing arm.
6. Carefully swivel the autosampler to in front of the atomizer compartment and
secure it with the large securing knob.

Removing the autosampler from the spectrometer

1. Make sure that the spectrometer is switched off.
2. Disconnect the control cable at the spectrometer (it can remain attached to the
autosampler).
3. Unscrew the large securing knob and carefully swivel the autosampler to the
standby position at the right.
4. Remove the rinse bottle and the waste bottle from the brackets on the swing
arm.
5. Hold the autosampler assembly by the metal swing arm and carefully lift the
assembly vertically upward until the hinge pin comes out of the hinge.

2-6 0993-5258
 HGA Preparing for Analyses

6. Put the autosampler in a safe place where its components will not be damaged
or strained.

Metal
swing arm
Hinge

Hinge
pin

Connector

Control cable

Figure 2-3. Fitting the Furnace Autosampler to the Spectrometer

0993-5258 2-7
HGA Preparing for Analyses

Connecting the drain tube and waste bottle

The basic waste bottle provided with the instrument is made from polyethylene
(PE). PE is resistant to most commonly-used solutions. A PTFE waste bottle is
offered as an option. If you are using an aggressive rinsing solution, particularly
if it attacks PE, you should use the PTFE waste bottle.
You may have to change the drain tube more often if you are using an aggressive
rinsing solution.
1. Push one end of the drain tube onto the drain outlet on the rinsing port.
2. Slot the rinsing port onto the guides on the left-hand side of the circular trough
for the sample tray.
3. Slide the waste bottle into the left-hand bracket on the swing arm.
4. Place the end of the drain tube into the mouth of the waste bottle.
If necessary, shorten the drain tube so that it protrudes only about 30 mm into
the waste bottle. Do not put a cap on the bottle.
To ensure smooth draining, the drain tube must hang straight down, without
any loops, and the end must never be immersed in the liquid in the bottle.

Rinsing Circular
port trough

Drain
tube

Port 1

Securing
knob Control cable
Waste Rinse
bottle bottle

Figure 2-4. Connecting the Drain Tube and Waste Bottle

2-8 0993-5258
 HGA Preparing for Analyses

Connecting the rinse feed tubes and the rinse bottle

The basic rinse bottle provided with the instrument is made from polyethylene
(PE). PE is resistant to most rinsing solutions that are commonly used. A PTFE
rinse bottle is offered as an option. If you are performing trace analyses, you may
prefer to use the PTFE bottle to reduce the risk of contamination. If you are using
an aggressive rinsing solution, use the PTFE rinse bottle.
Note: New plastic components may be contaminated with copper as a result of
the production process. We recommend that you rinse all new components in
dilute nitric acid and then in deionized water before you use them.
Refer to Figure 2-5 while performing the following procedure.
1. You require:
– a rinse bottle and the cap with the small hole,
– the rinse feed assembly, consisting of a flexible PTFE tube with two
screw fittings and a rigid FEP tube with a complementary screw thread.
2. Push the notched end of the rigid tube through the bottle cap until the tube
touches the base of the bottle.
3. Connect one end of the flexible tube to the rigid tube.
4. Slide the rinse bottle into the right-hand bracket on the swing arm.
5. Connect the other end of the flexible tube to the inlet fitting of the rinse pump.

0993-5258 2-9
HGA Preparing for Analyses

Rinse Pump

Rinse feed: flexible

Rinse feed: rigid

Rinse feed
tube

Tube

Waste Rinse Nut

bottle bottle
Back ferrule
Front ferrule

Tube fitting
on the pump

Figure 2-5. Connecting the Rinse Feed Tubes and Rinse Bottle

2-10 0993-5258
 HGA Preparing for Analyses

Installing sample trays and containers

Types of sample tray

Two sample trays are provided with the autosampler: one tray has 88 locations
while the other has 148 locations.
You select the type of sample tray you are going to use in the software. The
procedure is described in the AA WinLab Online Help.

To install the sample tray and cover:

1. Grip the hub of the sample tray and lower it onto the drive spindle.
2. Rotate the tray gently until the tab on the hub locates in the slot on the drive
spindle. There is a notch in the outer ring of sample locations to mark the
position of the tab.
3. Place the sample tray cover over the hub and line it up so that the tabs on the
sample tray trough engage in the notches in the cover. The ports in the cover
are on the left.
Note: Always place the cover on the sample tray to protect the samples from
contamination and to reduce the rate of evaporation of the solvent. You can
reduce the rate of evaporation further by pouring a small volume of water into the
trough; the water level in the trough must always be below the top of the central
ring around the drive spindle.

Hub

Notch

0993-5258 2-11
HGA Preparing for Analyses

Sample cups and reagent containers

Cup or container 88-location tray 148-location tray

volume, material locations locations
1.2 mL; polypropylene not suitable 1–120
122, 123, 125, 127, 128,
130, 132, 133, 135, 137,
138, 140
2.5 mL; polypropylene 1–80 121, 124, 126, 129, 131,
134, 136, 139
7 mL; polypropylene 81–88 141–148

• Polypropylene containers are suitable for organic solvents

Quick Reference
A slot is provided underneath the autosampler into which you can insert the
Quick Reference. We recommend that you keep the Quick Reference with the
autosampler at all times since it contains important maintenance information,
particularly maintenance of the valves.

2-12 0993-5258
 HGA Preparing for Analyses

Setting up the system for analyses using the furnace technique

Summary of the procedure

1. Switch on the system (see ‘Switching on the system’ in the ‘Spectrometer
User’s Guide’).
2. If necessary, move the graphite furnace into the atomizer compartment
(procedure: page 2-14).
3. Carefully swivel the autosampler to in front of the atomizer compartment and
secure it with the large securing knob (procedure: page 2-5).
4. Create or open a method (see the Online Help in AA WinLab).
5. Install the lamps that you require (see ‘Installing lamps’ in the ‘Spectrometer
User’s Guide’).
6. If required, install and condition a graphite tube (see ‘Changing the graphite
tube’, page 3-12).
7. Optimize the position of the furnace (see the Online Help in AA WinLab).
8. Set up the furnace autosampler (see ‘Setting up the autosampler’, page 2-15,
and the Online Help in AA WinLab).
You should now optimize the analytical conditions. Refer to the Online Help in
AA WinLab.

0993-5258 2-13
HGA Preparing for Analyses

Selecting the atomizer

If the atomizer you require is not currently located in the atomizer compartment,
follow the steps below to move it into the compartment:
W9.1
Warning: Moving Parts – Risk of Injury
Some moving parts of the instrument are accessible in normal operation.
• Keep hands, clothing and other objects away from the moving parts of the
instrument.

1. If the flame is burning, extinguish it, shut down the gases (except the air
supply), and bleed the gas supply lines (see ‘Extinguishing the flame’ in the
‘Burner System User’s Guide’).
2. Make sure that the air supply is turned on since this provides the pneumatic
pressure required to change the atomizers.
3. Make sure that the furnace autosampler is swivelled from in front of the
atomizer compartment to the standby position at the right, and that the
nebulizer sample tube is not connected to an external accessory.
4. In the File menu, click on Change Technique...
–or–
On the Toolbar, click on Technique.
The Select Technique dialog appears.
5. Select the atomizer that you require:
Flame for the burner system.
Furnace for the graphite furnace.

6. Click on OK.
The system changes over the atomizers. Further information on changing the
atomizer is also provided in the Online Help in AA WinLab.
Note: While the atomizers are being changed, do not put your hands or other
objects into the atomizer compartment.

2-14 0993-5258
 HGA Preparing for Analyses

Setting up the autosampler

Perform these steps before the start of every analysis run:

1. Fill and flush the rinsing system (procedure: page 2-15).
2. Align the autosampler arm (procedure: page 2-17).
3. Adjust the penetration depth of the pipet tip in the graphite tube (procedure:
page 2-19).
4. Adjust the immersion depth of the pipet tip in the sample cup (procedure:
page 2-21).
5. Check delivery of the solution droplet (procedure: page 2-22).

Filling and flushing the rinsing system

• You must fill the rinsing system before the start of every analysis run to make
sure that the tubes are completely filled with fresh rinsing liquid, to remove
entrained air bubbles, and as part of routine valve maintenance.
• You must flush the rinsing system at the end of every analysis run as part of
routine valve maintenance.
Follow the steps below to fill and flush the rinsing system:
1. Make sure that the rinsing system components are correctly installed, in good
condition, and suitable for the rinsing liquid you will use.
2. Prepare the rinsing solutions that you require, see following page.
3. Fill the rinse bottle with the first, clean, particle-free, rinsing liquid.
If there are particles in the rinsing liquid they can lodge in the valves, causing leaks
and non-reproducible results.
4. Fill and flush the system:
1. In the Furnace Control window, click on Flush Sampler.
This activates a rinse cycle.
2. Repeat substep 1 as often as required to completely fill the rinsing system
with rinsing liquid and flush all the air out.
5. Empty the waste bottle. Dispose of any hazardous waste correctly.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 4 for each further rinsing solution.
Note: Make certain there are no air bubbles in the rinsing system. Air
bubbles can lead to non-reproducible results.

0993-5258 2-15
HGA Preparing for Analyses

Rinsing solutions
Use the following rinsing solutions in the given sequence:

Before the start of every analysis series:

If the rinsing solution you intend to use is miscible with the solution currently in
the system, use your intended rinsing solution. If the rinsing solution you intend
to use is not miscible with the solution in the system, you must use intermediate
rinsing liquids.
For example, to change from an acidic liquid to an organic solvent, you could use:
1. Deionized water.
2. Isopropanol or other water-miscible solvent.
3. Final organic solvent.

After an analysis series:

1. If you have been using an organic rinsing liquid, use isopropanol or other
water-miscible solvent.
2. Dilute nitric acid. This is especially important for elements with a tendency to
carryover.
3. Isopropanol.
4. Deionized water.

2-16 0993-5258
 HGA Preparing for Analyses

Aligning the autosampler

• You must align the autosampler to make sure that:
– the delicate tip of the sampling pipet enters the sample injection hole in
the graphite tube without striking the edge of the hole;
– the pipet tip does not strike the integrated platform or the wall of the tube;
– the measurement solution is correctly dispensed.
• You must check alignment of the autosampler:
– before the start of every analysis run;
– every time you change the graphite tube or contacts, or open and close the
furnace;
– every time you realign the furnace.

To align the autosampler arm and adjust the penetration depth:

A summary of the procedure is presented below. For detailed information, refer
to the Online Help in AA WinLab.

Caution: Risk of damage to the autosampler

You can cause irreparable damage to the gears if you attempt to move the
autosampler arm by hand.
• Never attempt to move the autosampler arm by hand.
Move it only with the depth control wheel.

Refer to Figure 2-6 for the alignment controls.

1. Raise the pipet tip out of the rinsing port:
1. In the Furnace Control window, click on Align Tip.
The Align Autosampler dialog appears.
2. In this dialog, click on Unlocked Above Tube. The autosampler arm is
unlocked and the pipet tip moves to a position directly above the graphite
tube.
2. Using the depth control wheel, very carefully lower the pipet tip to just above
the graphite contact.
Do not allow the pipet tip to touch any part of the furnace.
3. Adjust the forward/backward and left/right controls on the autosampler until
the pipet tip is more or less directly above the injection hole.

0993-5258 2-17
HGA Preparing for Analyses

Depth control
wheel

Left/right
alignment
control

Forward/backward
alignment control

Figure 2-6. Alignment controls on the autosampler

W3.3
Warning: UV Radiation – Risk of Eye Damage
The lamps may emit UV radiation which can damage your eyes.
• Always wear UV-absorbing safety glasses when aligning the autosampler.
4. View the inside of the furnace:
1. Place a piece of white card behind the right-hand furnace window to
provide a white background when you view the inside of the graphite
tube.
2. Hold the instrument mirror provided with the autosampler next to the left-
hand furnace window and position it so that you can see into the graphite
tube. Wear UV-absorbing glasses when viewing the graphite tube.

2-18 0993-5258
 HGA Preparing for Analyses

5. Then very carefully lower the pipet tip with the depth control wheel into the
tube to check that the pipet tip does not strike the edge of the injection hole.
Do not lower the pipet tip so far that it could strike the integrated platform or
tube wall (see Figure 2-7). View the inside of the graphite tube while you are
doing this.
6. In the Align Autosampler dialog, click on Unlocked Above Tube again, and in
the dialog that appears save the new position.
Saving can take several seconds.
Note: Once you have saved this depth position, do not inadvertently change it
by clicking on Yes to the query Do you want to save this position? in the Unlock
Above Tube and In Tube commands. Only click on Yes when you have readjusted
the depth.

To check and readjust the penetration depth of the pipet tip in the graphite
tube:
A summary of the procedure is presented below. For detailed information, refer
to the Online Help in AA WinLab.
W3.3
Warning: UV Radiation – Risk of Eye Damage
The lamps may emit UV radiation which can damage your eyes.
• Always wear UV-absorbing safety glasses when aligning the autosampler.

Caution: Risk of damage to the pipet tip

The pipet tip enters the graphite tube when you issue the In Tube command. The
pipet tip can strike the edge of the injection hole if the autosampler arm has not
been aligned.
• Make sure that the autosampler arm has been aligned before you issue the
In Tube command.

1. Before you use this procedure, align the autosampler arm as described in the
procedure above.
2. In the Furnace Control window, click on Align Tip.
The Align Autosampler dialog appears.
3. In this dialog, click on In Tube. The autosampler arm is unlocked and the pipet
tip enters the graphite tube.

0993-5258 2-19
HGA Preparing for Analyses

4. View the inside of the furnace:

1. Place a piece of white card behind the right-hand furnace window to
provide a white background when you view the inside of the graphite
tube.
2. Hold the instrument mirror provided with the autosampler next to the left-
hand furnace window and position it so that you can see into the graphite
tube. Wear UV-absorbing glasses when viewing the graphite tube.
5. Use the depth control wheel to move the pipet tip into the tube until it is at the
correct distance above the integrated platform or wall.
Do not allow the tip to touch any part of the furnace.
6. In the Align Autosampler dialog, click on In Tube again, and in the dialog
that appears save the new position.
Saving can take several seconds.
Note: Once you have saved this depth position, do not inadvertently change it
by clicking on Yes to the query Do you want to save this position? in the Unlock
Above Tube and In Tube commands. Only click on Yes when you have readjusted
the depth.

2 mm
2 mm

Graphite tube with Graphite tube

integrated platform without platform

View in mirror

Figure 2-7. Penetration depth of pipet tip in the graphite tube

2-20 0993-5258
 HGA Preparing for Analyses

To adjust the immersion depth of the pipet tip in the sample cup:
A summary of the procedure is presented below. For detailed information, refer
to the Online Help in AA WinLab.
1. Preliminary procedure
1. Align the sampler arm (procedure: page 2-17).
2. Put a sample cup in location 1 of the sample tray (for visual comparison).
3. In the Furnace Control window, click on Align Tip.
The Align Autosampler dialog appears.
4. In this dialog, click on Unlock Above Rinse. The pipet tip moves to a position
directly above the rinsing port.
5. Adjust the depth control wheel to lower the arm so that the depth of the pipet
tip in the rinsing port is approximately the correct depth for the tip inside the
sample cup.
6. In the Align Autosampler dialog, click on Unlock Above Rinse again, and in
the dialog that appears save the new position.
2. Finely adjusting the depth in the sample cup
1. Make a preliminary adjustment as described above.
2. Put a sample cup in location 1 of the sample tray.
3. In the Align Autosampler dialog, click on In Sample Cup. The pipet tip moves
into the sample cup.
4. Adjust the depth control wheel so that the pipet tip is at the correct depth
inside the cup.
5. In the Align Autosampler dialog, click on In Sample Cup again, and in the
dialog that appears save the new position.
Note: Once you have saved this depth position, do not inadvertently change it
by clicking on Yes to the query Do you want to save this position? in the Unlock
Above Rinse command.

0993-5258 2-21
HGA Preparing for Analyses

Checking the solution droplet delivery

Once you have aligned the autosampler as described in the preceding sections,
you can check that solutions will be correctly dispensed by injecting blank
solution into the graphite tube.
W3.3
Warning: UV Radiation – Risk of Eye Damage
The lamps may emit UV radiation which can damage your eyes.
• Always wear UV-absorbing safety glasses when aligning the autosampler.
1. Create a furnace program comprising drying, pyrolysis, atomization, and
clean-out.
Enter the total volume of solution that you will use in the subsequent analyses.
Refer to the Online Help in AA WinLab on how to create a method.
2. Place a sample cup containing blank solution in location 1 in the autosampler.
Use an identical blank solution to the one you will use for the subsequent
analyses.
3. In the Automated Analysis window, on the Setup page, in the Locations
column, enter the autosampler location of the blank solution.
4. View the inside of the furnace:
1. Place a piece of white card behind the right-hand furnace window to
provide a white background when you view the inside of the graphite
tube.
2. Hold the instrument mirror provided with the autosampler next to the left-
hand furnace window and position it so that you can see into the graphite
tube. Wear UV-absorbing glasses when viewing the graphite tube.
5. Start the method:
In the Automated Analysis window, on the Analyze page, click on Analyze
Samples.

6. Look into the mirror and watch the delivery of the solution droplet onto the
platform or tube wall.
7. Remove the mirror and white card before the atomization step starts and allow
the furnace program to run to completion.

2-22 0993-5258
 HGA Preparing for Analyses

8. If the solution droplet delivery was unsatisfactory, make the appropriate small
adjustments to the penetration depth of the pipet tip (see page 2-19 ).
9. Repeat step 4 through step 8 to dispense further aliquots of blank solution
until you are satisfied with the delivery.
The pipet tip is at the correct height when the solution droplet contacts the
graphite surface just before leaving the tip.
If the pipet tip is too far above the platform or tube wall and the droplet does
not contact the graphite surface, liquid may remain in the tip, leading to
pipetting errors.
If the pipet tip is too near to the platform or tube wall, liquid may hang up on
the tip, leading to pipetting errors

Wrong: Tip too far above platform or wall Wrong: Tip too near platform or wall

Correct

Figure 2-8. Checking the solution droplet delivery

0993-5258 2-23
HGA Preparing for Analyses

2-24 0993-5258
HGA Graphite Furnace:
System Maintenance 3
3HGA Graphite Furnace: System Maintenance
Marker for header

Contents page

PerkinElmer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Checklists for regular maintenance tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Graphite furnace maintenance procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Opening and closing the furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Cleaning the graphite tube and graphite contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Heating the graphite tube to remove contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Cleaning the contact surfaces of the graphite tube and contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Changing the graphite tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Inserting a L’vov platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Conditioning the graphite tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Heating the graphite furnace manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
Changing the graphite contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
Checking and cleaning the furnace windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24
Cooling system maintenance procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
Emptying the cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
Refilling the cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29
Changing the cooling system fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30

0993-5258 3-1
HGA System Maintenance

Contents page

Autosampler maintenance procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31

Routine maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31
Valve maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32
Flushing the valves and rinsing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32
Rinsing solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33
Checking the valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34
Removing the rinse pump valves and sample pump tube connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36
Cleaning the valves, tube connectors and pump heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38
Assembling and installing the valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38
Repairing a pipet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41
Installing a new pipet assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43
Aligning the pump heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-46

3-2 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

PerkinElmer Service

W1.2
Warning: Unauthorized Adjustments and Servicing
Only a PerkinElmer service engineer or similarly trained and authorized person
should be permitted to service the instrument.
• Do not attempt to make adjustments, replacements, repairs, or modifications
to this instrument except as described in the documentation supplied with the
instrument.

If the spectrometer system does not function correctly...

• Switch off the spectrometer system and make sure it cannot be operated.
• Contact your local PerkinElmer office.
You should only perform the maintenance procedures described in this guide.
For any other maintenance or service contact your local PerkinElmer office to
arrange for a service engineer to visit.
In particular you should only allow a PerkinElmer service engineer or similarly
trained and authorized person to perform any work on:
• electrical components inside the instrument;
• the monochromator and all other optical system components.

Before the service engineer arrives:

1. Make sure that the instrument and the work area are clean.
2. Empty the furnace autosampler waste bottle and remove the samples and
reagents from the autosampler.

Troubleshooting
See the Troubleshooting guide supplied with the system. This guide includes
information about problems that can arise with both the software and the
spectrometer system.

0993-5258 3-3
troubleshooting

Checklists for regular maintenance tasks

It is not possible to say exactly how often you must perform the procedures described here. This
depends on the number and type of samples that you analyze. At first you should perform most of the
checks before each batch of samples (one autosampler tray). You will soon be able to decide how
often you need to perform the checks and maintenance procedures for each type of sample that you
analyze.

Furnace, maintenance checklist

If you analyze samples that have ‘dirty’ matrices, such as blood, sugar or oil, you will probably have
to clean the components more often than if you were analyzing ‘clean’ samples, such as drinking
water.

Graphite tube If the tube is contaminated, for example by deposits around the injection hole or
on the integrated platform, you may be able to clean the tube (procedure:
page 3-9). If the contact surfaces on the tube are pitted or cracked, install a new
tube.

Graphite contacts Check the condition of graphite contacts. If they are pitted or cracked, install
new ones (procedure: page 3-17).
Every time that the furnace is opened, remove any particles from inside the
contacts using a small vacuum cleaner or a cleaning swab.

Furnace windows Clean the windows regularly (procedure: page 3-24).

How frequently depends on the type of samples being analyzed.

Cooling system, maintenance checklist

Water level Make sure that the water level is always at the MAX. mark. Fill up the system
when necessary (procedure: page 3-29).

3-4 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

Autosampler, maintenance checklist

Autosampler Wipe over the surfaces with a lint-free cloth moistened with a dilute solution of
external surfaces laboratory detergent.
The autosampler surfaces are resistant to dilute acids and alkalis, and to a lesser
extent to strong acids and alkalis and organic solvents.
Complete rinsing Fill and flush the rinsing system before the start of every analysis run
system (procedure: page 2-15 ).
Flush the rinsing system when you have finished an analysis run (more
information: page 3-32).
Valves The valves must function correctly to maintain the precision of the dispensed
volumes. If the precision of the analytical results deteriorates, this can be an
indication that a valve is not functioning correctly.

If a valve seizes or leaks, for example because the pump has been idle for a long
time, or because of particles lodged in the valve, or because of worn seals, you
can remove the valves to clean or change them (more information: page 3-36).
Waste bottle Empty the autosampler waste bottle regularly. Never allow it to overflow or
allow the liquid to reach the end of the drain tube.
If the bottle contains hazardous, toxic, or flammable substances, dispose of the
waste properly, according to the local safety regulations.
Rinse bottle Make sure that the rinse bottle is always filled with clean, particle-free rinsing
liquid.
All tubes Make sure that all the tubes are clean and free from kinks.
Change any tubes that may be damaged or contaminated.
Pipet tip Make sure that the pipet tip is not damaged. If the tip is damaged you may get
pipetting errors during the analyses. Repair the tip or install a new pipet
assembly if necessary (more information: page 3-41).
Pump heads Make sure that the pump heads are not loose. Tighten the pump head retaining
ring if necessary. Make sure that the pump head remains vertical, with the arrow
aligned vertically (procedure: page 3-46).

0993-5258 3-5
troubleshooting

Graphite furnace maintenance procedures

Procedures described
• Opening and closing the furnace (page 3-7).
• Cleaning the graphite tube and contacts (page 3-9).
• Changing the graphite tube ( page 3-12).
• Conditioning ( page 3-15) and manually heating ( page 3-16) the graphite
tube.
• Changing the graphite contacts ( page 3-17).
• Checking and cleaning the furnace windows ( page 3-26).

3-6 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

Opening and closing the furnace

You must open the furnace to install or change the graphite tube, and also to clean
inside the graphite contacts (note that a different opening procedure is required
when you change the graphite contacts – see page 3-18).

To open the furnace and remove the graphite tube:

W4.3
Warning: High Temperatures – Risk of Burns
The graphite furnace can generate very high temperatures.
• Do not touch any parts of the furnace, especially the graphite components,
until they have cooled to room temperature.

1. Make sure that the furnace is cool.

2. Carefully swivel the furnace autosampler
to the standby position at the right.
3. Release the pressure holding the furnace
closed:
In the Furnace Control window, click on
Open/Close.
The furnace opens and the graphite tube is
accessible.
4. Remove the graphite tube.
Do not touch the graphite tube with bare
fingers.

Graphite furnace in the open position

0993-5258 3-7
troubleshooting

To insert the graphite tube and close the furnace:

Note: Do not touch the graphite tube or contacts with your fingers. Perspiration
can affect the tube lifetime and the analytical results by contaminating and
damaging the surface of the graphite.
1. Take a graphite tube with Graphite tube viewed from left-hand end
integrated platform and insert it
into the right-hand graphite Sample introduction hole
contact, so that the sample
introduction hole lines up roughly
with the sample port in the
graphite contact.
Note: Make sure that the side of Correct False
the tube to which the integrated
platform is attached is at the rear
of the furnace.
2. Insert the alignment tool Right-hand Tube
(provided) into the sample port graphite alignment
contact tool
while carefully moving and
turning the tube so that the tip of
the alignment tool goes into the
sample introduction hole in the
tube.
3. With the alignment tool still in Graphite
position, activate the pressure that tube
holds the furnace closed:
In the Furnace Control window,
click on Open/Close.
The furnace closes.
4. Remove the alignment tool.

3-8 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

5. If you have installed a new graphite tube, perform the procedure outlined in
‘Conditioning the graphite tube’ (procedure: page 3-15).
If you are reusing a previously conditioned graphite tube, heat manually at
2500 °C for 5 seconds to remove surface contamination ( procedure:
page 3-16).
Note: Every time you open the furnace, subsequently always heat it out
manually at 2500 °C for approximately 5 seconds.
6. Carefully swivel the furnace autosampler to in front of the atomizer
compartment and secure it with the large securing knob.
7. Check alignment of the furnace autosampler (procedure: page 2-17).

Cleaning the graphite tube and graphite contacts

Good, reproducible analytical results depend on good electrical contact between
the graphite contacts and the graphite tube. The contact surfaces of the graphite
tube and the contacts must be smooth and clean to allow good electrical contact.
After prolonged use the contacts may become contaminated with remnants of
samples and small particles of graphite. Even quite small particles can spoil the
contact and cause poor analytical results.
Every time that you open the furnace, clean the contacts as described on page
3-11.
Note: Do not touch the graphite tube or contacts with your fingers. Perspiration
can affect the tube lifetime and the analytical results by contaminating and
damaging the surface of the graphite.
If a graphite tube breaks inside the furnace you must remove all the remnants and
thoroughly clean the contacts.

0993-5258 3-9
troubleshooting

Heating the graphite tube to remove contamination

W3.5
Warning: UV Radiation – Risk of Eye Damage
When the graphite furnace is heated to incandescence, e.g. during the
atomization step, the furnace can emit UV radiation which can damage your
eyes.
• Always wear UV-absorbing safety glasses when looking at the furnace.
You can sometimes remove contamination from the graphite tube by heating the
tube. Heat the graphite tube manually at 2500 °C for approximately 5 seconds
(procedure: page 3-16). If there are stubborn deposits in the tube that you cannot
remove, discard the tube and use a new one.

3-10 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

Cleaning the contact surfaces of the graphite tube and contacts

W4.3
Warning: High Temperatures – Risk of Burns
The graphite furnace can generate very high temperatures.
• Do not touch any parts of the furnace, especially the graphite components,
until they have cooled to room temperature.

1. Open the furnace and remove the graphite tube (procedure: page 3-7).
2. Use a dry, clean swab to clean the contact surfaces of the graphite tube. If the
surfaces of the graphite tube are pitted or cracked, discard the graphite tube
and use a new one.
3. Use a dry, clean swab to clean the inside of the contacts, especially around the
apertures where the radiation beam enters and exits.
Remove any particles from inside the contacts using a small vacuum cleaner.
Be careful not to scratch the inner surfaces of the contacts.
If the surfaces of the contacts are pitted or cracked, remove the contacts and
install new ones (procedure: page 3-17 ).
4. Insert the graphite tube and close the furnace (procedure: page 3-8).
5. Condition the graphite tube (procedure: page 3-15).

0993-5258 3-11
troubleshooting

Changing the graphite tube

Shield ring Graphite tube

Right-hand
graphite contact
Left-hand
graphite contact

Graphite tube with Graphite tube with

integrated platform L’vov platform

Figure 3-1. Graphite Components of the Furnace

The standard graphite tubes have integrated platforms. If you are going to use a
tube without an integrated platform, insert a L’vov platform into the graphite tube
by following the instructions in the next section ( page 3-13). Once the platform
is installed, proceed as given below to install the graphite tube.
Note: Do not handle graphite tubes with bare fingers. Perspiration from your
fingers can attack the pyrolytic coating.

W4.3
Warning: High Temperatures – Risk of Burns
The graphite furnace can generate very high temperatures.
• Do not touch any parts of the furnace, especially the graphite components,
until they have cooled to room temperature.

1. Open the furnace and remove the graphite tube (procedure: page 3-7).
2. If required, install or change the graphite shield ring.
Slide the shield ring with its large plane face toward the furnace block over
the left-hand furnace contact.

3-12 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

Graphite shield ring Graphite shield

ring installed

3. Insert the graphite tube and close the furnace (procedure: page 3-8).
4. Make sure that the shield ring is in contact with the left-hand furnace block.
5. If you have installed a new graphite tube, perform the procedure outlined in
‘Conditioning the graphite tube’ (procedure: page 3-15).
If you are reusing a previously conditioned graphite tube, heat manually at
2500 °C for 5 seconds to remove surface contamination ( procedure:
page 3-16).
Note: Every time you open the furnace, subsequently always heat it out
manually at 2500 °C for approximately 5 seconds.

Inserting a L’vov platform

This procedure is only required when you are using graphite tubes without
integrated platforms.
Note: Do not handle graphite tubes and L’vov platforms with bare fingers.
Perspiration from your fingers can attack the pyrolytic coating.
1. Place the L’vov platform with the L’vov platform
sample cavity downward onto the
flat surface of the insertion tool.
Take care not to touch the platform, Graphite
and especially the sample cavity, tube
with bare fingers. Wear gloves or
handle the platform carefully by its
Insertion tool
ends.
2. Hold the graphite tube horizontally
so that the horizontal grooves are at
the top and the sample introduction
hole is at the bottom.

0993-5258 3-13
troubleshooting

3. Guide the edges of the platform into

the grooves in the graphite tube and
then push the platform into the tube Graphite tube
with the insertion tool. While
inserting the platform, squeeze the
handle of the insertion tool so that
the edges of the platform are pressed
into the grooves in the tube.
The platform is seated correctly L’vov platform
when you feel resistance to further
insertion.
4. Carefully remove the insertion tool.
5. Lightly shake the graphite tube to make sure that the L’vov platform is
securely seated. It the platform falls out, repeat the above steps.
6. If required, you can push the platform out of the tube by inserting the insertion
tool into the other end of the tube.
7. Insert the graphite tube and close the furnace (procedure: page 3-8).
Note: When inserting the graphite tube into the furnace, make certain that the
tube end with the horizontal grooves is at the left. Otherwise sample will be
dispensed onto the wall of the tube and not into the cavity in the platform.
L’vov platforms can only be inserted into the special graphite tubes with
horizontal grooves. These grooves have limited mechanical stability. Repeated
insertion and removal of integrated platforms causes abrasion, so that ultimately
the platforms will not seat correctly. You must then replace the tube.

3-14 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

Conditioning the graphite tube

We recommend that you run the graphite tube conditioning program every time
that you change the graphite tube or platform. The conditioning procedure
removes adsorbed gases and surface contamination from the graphite, and ensures
reproducible performance.
After conditioning, it is good practice to verify that the tube and/or platform are
sufficiently clean for the element you wish to determine.
In order to do this, run your method for this element, but do not inject a sample.
Perform a ‘dry fire’ instead. Evaluate the results obtained. If the absorbance value
is too high for this element, heat the tube manually at 2500 °C for 10 seconds
(procedure: page 3-16) and then repeat the ‘dry fire’.
W4.3
Warning: High Temperatures – Risk of Burns
The graphite furnace can generate very high temperatures.
• Do not touch any parts of the furnace, especially the graphite components,
until they have cooled to room temperature.
W3.5
Warning: UV Radiation – Risk of Eye Damage
When the graphite furnace is heated to incandescence, e.g. during the
atomization step, the furnace can emit UV radiation which can damage your
eyes.
• Always wear UV-absorbing safety glasses when looking at the furnace.
W6.1
Warning: Toxic Gases
If you use nitrogen as the inert gas, toxic cyanogen gas (CN)2 will be produced
when the furnace temperature is above 2300 °C.
• Make sure that the main laboratory fume ventilation system removes all
gases and fumes emitted by the furnace.

1. On the Toolbar, click on Furnace.

2. In the Furnace Control window, click on Condition Tube.
The system uses a special furnace program to heat the tube to successively
higher temperatures.

0993-5258 3-15
troubleshooting

Heating the graphite furnace manually

Note: Do not heat the graphite furnace for longer than about 10 s when the
temperature exceeds 2000 °C. Heating for longer periods will markedly reduce
the lifetime of the graphite tube.
To enter the temperature manually and heat the furnace:
1. On the Toolbar, click on Furnace.
2. In the Furnace Control window, click on the Cleanout Temp. entry field and
type the required temperature (e.g. 2500 °C).
3. Click on Start to heat the furnace.
The furnace is heated to the selected temperature and continues to heat until
you stop it.
4. After about 10 s, click on Start again to stop furnace heating.

3-16 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

Changing the graphite contacts

Change the graphite contacts when one or both contacts are badly contaminated
or show visible pits and small cracks. Always change both contacts at the same
time.

Summary of the procedure

Always change the graphite contacts in the following sequence:
1. Open the furnace and remove the graphite tube (procedure: page 3-18).
2. Remove the right-hand contact (procedure: page 3-19).
3. Remove the left-hand contact (procedure: page 3-20).
4. Install a new left-hand contact (procedure: page 3-21).
5. Install a new right-hand contact (procedure: page 3-22).
6. Insert the graphite tube and close the furnace (procedure: page 3-23 ).
7. Condition the graphite tube (procedure: page 3-15).
8. Align the autosampler (procedure: page 2-17).
Special tools to change the contacts are provided with the furnace. These are used
in different configurations for different procedures as depicted in the following
illustrations.

Caution: Risk of damage to the optical sensor

• Take care not to damage the optical sensor when you remove or install the
graphite contacts.

0993-5258 3-17
troubleshooting

To open the furnace for contact change:

1. Remove both furnace windows (procedure: page 3-24).
2. Exit AA WinLab:
In the File menu, click on Exit.
3. Switch off the spectrometer at the operational on/off switch on the front panel.
4. Open the furnace manually and remove
the graphite tube: Graphite
shield ring
1. Turn off the normal and special gas
supplies.
2. Disconnect the normal gas tube from
the inlet manifold on the spectrometer:
Carefully push the black locking ring
of the connector into the connector
and pull the tube out of the connector.
This releases the gas pressure.
3. Pull the right-hand furnace block by
hand to the side.
The graphite tube is now accessible.
4. Remove the graphite tube.
Do not touch the graphite tube with
bare fingers.
5. Very carefully, using a small screwdriver, lever the graphite shield ring from
the left-hand contact.

3-18 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

To remove the right-hand contact:

1. Take the contact installation tool Bolt Extractor
provided and place the dome-shaped Right-hand
extractor on the bolt. Pass the bolt contact
from the internal side of the furnace
through the right-hand contact and
out through the window cavity. The
lugs on the extractor fit over the
furnace block.
2. Screw the traction nut with its long
side toward the furnace block onto
the free end of the bolt. Traction
nut
3. Carefully turn the bolt clockwise
with the ratchet spanner provided to
draw in the traction nut and thus
push the graphite contact out of the
furnace block.
4. Disassemble and remove the
installation tool.
5. Now remove the left-hand contact.

0993-5258 3-19
troubleshooting

To remove the left-hand contact:

1. Take the contact installation tool Optical
provided and place the dome-shaped sensor Left-hand
extractor on the bolt. Pass the bolt contact
from the internal side of the furnace Extractor
through the left-hand contact and out
through the window cavity. The lugs Bolt
on the extractor fit over the furnace Traction
block. nut

2. Screw the traction nut with its long

side toward the furnace block onto
the free end of the bolt.
Position the traction nut so that the
flat side on the rim passes under the
optical sensor.
Note: Take care not to damage the
optical sensor.
3. Carefully turn the bolt clockwise
with the ratchet spanner provided to
draw in the traction nut and thus push
the graphite contact out of the
furnace block.
4. Disassemble and remove the
installation tool.
5. Now install a new left-hand contact.

3-20 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

To install the left-hand contact:

1. Place the long arm of the plastic Traction Left-hand
alignment gauge and the nut contact
Long arm of
replacement left-hand (short) alignment gauge
contact on the bolt, so that the Bolt
contact fits in the ring in the gauge.
2. Pass the bolt from the internal side
through the left-hand furnace block
and out through the window cavity.
3. Screw the traction nut with its short
side toward the furnace block onto
the free end of the bolt.
Position the traction nut so that the
flat side on the rim passes under the
optical sensor.
Note: Take care not to damage
the optical sensor.
4. Carefully turn the bolt clockwise
with the ratchet spanner provided to
draw the contact into the furnace
block. Make certain that the contact
is not tilted.
Note: Draw the contact firmly
into place, but do not apply
excessive force otherwise the
contact may shatter.
5. Disassemble and remove the installation tool.
Take care not to scratch or damage the contact.
6. Now install a new right-hand contact.

0993-5258 3-21
troubleshooting

To install the right-hand contact:

1. Place the short arm of the plastic Bolt Short arm of
alignment gauge and the replace- alignment gauge
ment right-hand (long) contact on
Right-hand
the bolt, so that the contact fits in contact
the ring in the gauge and the lug in
the ring inserts into the sample in-
troduction port of the contact.
2. Pass the bolt from the internal side
through the right-hand furnace
block and out through the window
cavity so that the long arm of the
Traction nut
alignment gauge rests against the
furnace block.
3. Screw the traction nut with its short
side toward the furnace block onto
the free end of the bolt.
4. Carefully turn the bolt clockwise
with the ratchet spanner to draw the
contact into the furnace block.
Make certain that the contact is not
tilted.
Note: Draw the contact firmly
into place, but do not apply
excessive force otherwise the
contact may shatter.
5. Disassemble and remove the installation tool.
Take care not to scratch or damage the contact.

3-22 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

6. Slide the graphite shield ring with Graphite shield

its large flat face toward the furnace ring installed
block over the left-hand contact.

To close the furnace after contact change:

1. Insert the graphite tube and align it with the alignment tool (procedure:
page 3-8).
2. Reconnect the normal gas tube to the inlet manifold and turn on the gas
supplies for the furnace.
The furnace closes.
3. Remove the alignment tool.
4. Refit the windows (procedure: page 3-25).
5. Switch on the spectrometer.
6. Start AA WinLab.
7. Condition the graphite components (procedure: page 3-15).
8. Check alignment of the furnace autosampler (procedure: page 2-17).

0993-5258 3-23
troubleshooting

Checking and cleaning the furnace windows

The quartz furnace windows seal the ends of the furnace where the radiation beam
enters and exits.
Over a period of time sample constituents can accumulate on the windows. This
reduces the intensity of the radiation and the sensitivity and precision of the
analytical results.
Remove the windows and clean them regularly. How frequently depends on the
type of samples that are being analyzed.
If you analyze samples that have ‘dirty’ matrices, such as blood, sugar and oil,
you will probably have to clean the furnace windows more often than if you were
analyzing ‘clean’ samples, such as drinking water.
Optical sensor

Right-hand Left-hand
window window

To remove the windows:

Caution: Risk of damage to the furnace windows or optical sensor

• The quartz windows are precision optical components; handle them carefully
to prevent scratches, fingerprints or other contamination.
• Take care not to damage the optical sensor when you remove or refit the
windows.

The window assemblies are retained in the furnace by bayonet mounts.

1. Make sure that the furnace is cool.
2. Carefully swivel the furnace autosampler to the standby position at the right.
3. Remove the right-hand window assembly:
1. Turn the window assembly counterclockwise to release the bayonet lock.
2. Pull the window assembly out of the furnace.

3-24 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

4. Remove the left-hand window assembly:

1. Turn the window assembly counterclockwise to release the bayonet lock.
2. Pull the window assembly out of the furnace.
Note: Take care not to damage the optical sensor.

To refit the windows:

1. Refit the right-hand window assembly:
1. Insert the window assembly into the window port and carefully engage
the bayonet lock.
2. Turn the window assembly clockwise to secure the bayonet lock.
2. Refit the left-hand window assembly:
1. Insert the window assembly into the window port and carefully engage
the bayonet lock.
2. Turn the window assembly clockwise to secure the bayonet lock.

0993-5258 3-25
troubleshooting

To clean the windows:

1. Remove the windows from the furnace.
2. Dismantle the window assemblies and remove the quartz windows carefully
from the mounts as follows:

Mount Window Collar

1. Carefully pull the collar out of the mount.

2. Carefully push the window out of the mount with a plastic pipet tip.
3. Blow any dust or particles off the surface of the window with clean dry air
before you start.
4. Clean the windows carefully with a tuft of cotton moistened with a dilute
solution of mild laboratory detergent.
Rinse the windows several times with deionized water.
If the windows are not clean after this procedure, clean them with a soft lint
free cloth moistened with spectroscopic grade alcohol.
Note: To avoid scratching the windows, rub the surfaces of the windows as
little as possible. Discard scratched windows.
5. Reassemble the windows:
1. Carefully drop the window into the mount, making sure that it sits
correctly.
2. Push in the collar.
New windows are available.
6. Refit the windows in the furnace (procedure: page 3-25 ).

3-26 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

Cooling system maintenance procedures

Note: The following directions are only relevant if you have installed the
(optional) cooling system.

Procedures described
• Emptying the cooling system.
• Refilling the cooling system.
• Changing the cooling system fuse.

Emptying the cooling system

Usually there is no need to empty the cooling system. This may only be necessary
when you want to move the complete analysis system to a new location.
The hoses attached to the cooling system have automatic valves that shut when
you disconnect them from the inlet manifold of the spectrometer.
To empty the cooling system you require two drain fittings (P/N B019-3243) to
open the valves.

0993-5258 3-27
troubleshooting

1. For each hose, carefully pull on the

knurled locking ring slightly to
release the lock on the connector,
then pull the connector off the fitting
on the inlet manifold of the Inlet manifold on
spectrometer. the spectrometer
2. Remove the stopper from the top of
Locking ring
the cooling system – twist and pull.
3. Hold the hoses over a waste water
Cooling system

WATER IN

WATER OUT
container or drain, and insert drain hoses
fittings into the automatic
connectors.
Allow the water to drain out of the
hoses. Drain fittings
4. Temporarily disconnect the cooling
system line cord from the special
outlet at the rear of the spectrometer Locking ring
and connect it to one of the other
outlets.
WATER IN

WATER OUT

5. Switch on the cooling system and

pump out the remaining liquid in the
system.
6. If there is sediment in the water when
you empty the cooling system, fill
the system with water and pump it
out again several times to completely flush the system.
7. For each hose, carefully pull the locking ring on the drain fitting down slightly
to release the lock, then pull the drain fitting out of the connector.
8. Reconnect the cooling system hoses to the spectrometer.
9. Reconnect the line cord to the special outlet at the rear of the spectrometer.

3-28 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

Refilling the cooling system

The cooling system is self-priming; air in the system is removed automatically as
the cooling system operates. The coolant is a 1:10 solution of glycerol in water
(1 part glycerol plus 9 parts water). Do not use antifreeze.

1. Reconnect the cooling system hoses to

the spectrometer.
Make sure that you remove the drain
fittings from the cooling system hoses as
described above.
2. Remove the stopper from the top of the
cooling system – twist and pull.
3. Pour 0.5 L of glycerol into the cooling Max

system.
Do not use antifreeze.
Min
4. Fill the cooling system up to the MAX
mark with sediment-free drinking water
– about 4.5 L.
Do not use deionized water since this can
cause corrosion.
5. Replace the stopper securely.
Water level indicator

0993-5258 3-29
troubleshooting

Changing the cooling system fuse

In addition to the fuse in the cooling system, shown here, there is a fuse in the
power outlet on the spectrometer.
1. Switch off the cooling system with On/off switch
the switch on the rear panel. Lift fuse cover here
2. Disconnect the line power cord
from the socket.
3. Behind this socket is the cover of
the fuse holder.
Use the tip of a small screwdriver
to carefully lever open the fuse
Power cord
holder. socket
4. Remove the blown fuse.
5. Insert a new fuse of the correct type
and rating.
Correct fuse: 230 V, 1.6 A, slow-
blow.
6. Close the fuse holder and reconnect
the line power cord.
7. Switch on the cooling system with
the switch on the rear panel.

3-30 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

Autosampler maintenance procedures

Routine maintenance
The autosampler is a precision instrument constructed from high quality
components. It is capable of dispensing volumes of liquid in the microliter range.
To maintain this high level of performance, you must treat the autosampler with
due care.

Procedures described
• Valve maintenance (procedure: page 3-32).
• Repairing the pipet tip (procedure: page 3-41).
• Installing a new pipet assembly (procedure: page 3-43).
• Aligning the pump heads (procedure: page 3-46).

Caution: Risk of damage to the autosampler

You can cause irreparable damage to the gears if you attempt to move the
autosampler arm by hand.
• Never attempt to move the autosampler arm by hand.

0993-5258 3-31
troubleshooting

Valve maintenance
The autosampler pumps dispense microliter volumes of liquid with high
precision. To maintain this high precision it is essential that the valves function
correctly. If there is a deterioration in the precision of the analytical results, and
other sources of error can be excluded, this is an indication that a valve may not
be functioning correctly.
Only the rinse pump contains valves. The sample pump contains inserts that are
a similar shape to the rinse pump outlet valve.

Routine maintenance
The only routine maintenance that the valves require is to flush them thoroughly
before and after every analysis.

Flushing the valves and rinsing system

1. Make sure that the rinsing system components are correctly installed, in good
condition, and suitable for the rinsing liquid you will use.
2. Prepare the rinsing solutions that you require, see following page.
3. Fill the rinse bottle with the first, clean, particle-free, rinsing liquid.
If there are particles in the rinsing liquid they can lodge in the valves, causing
leaks and non-reproducible results.
4. Flush the system:
1. In the Furnace Control window, click on Flush Sampler.
This activates a rinse cycle.
2. Repeat substep 1 as often as required to completely flush the rinsing
system with rinsing liquid and flush all the air out.
5. Empty the waste bottle. Dispose of any hazardous waste correctly.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 4 for each rinsing solution.
Note: Make certain there are no air bubbles in the rinsing system. Air
bubbles can lead to non-reproducible results.

3-32 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

Rinsing solutions
Use the following rinsing solutions in the given sequence:

After an analysis series:

1. If you have been using an organic rinsing liquid, use isopropanol or other
water-miscible solvent.
2. Dilute nitric acid. This is especially important for elements with a tendency to
carryover.
3. Isopropanol.
4. Deionized water.

Before the start of every analysis series:

If the rinsing solution you intend to use is miscible with the solution in the system,
use your intended rinsing solution. If the rinsing solution you intend to use is not
miscible with the solution in the system, you must use intermediate rinsing
liquids.
For example, to change from an acidic liquid to an organic solvent, you could use:
1. Deionized water.
2. Isopropanol or other water-miscible solvent.
3. Final organic solvent.

Before performing maintenance on the system:

1. Isopropanol.
2. Deionized water.

After performing maintenance on the system:

1. Isopropanol.
2. The rinsing solution you intend to use next, or deionized water.

0993-5258 3-33
troubleshooting

Checking the valves

If you experience problems such as poor precision or recovery, check to see if the
rinse pump valves are leaking.

Caution: Risk of damage to the autosampler

You can cause irreparable damage to the gears if you attempt to move the
autosampler arm by hand.
• Never attempt to move the autosampler arm by hand.
To check the outlet valve
1. Raise the pipet tip out of the rinsing port:
1. In the Furnace Control window, click on Align Tip.
The Align Autosampler dialog appears.
2. In this dialog, click on Unlocked Above Rinse. The pipet tip rises to a
position directly above the rinsing port.
3. Click on Unlocked Above Rinse again. In the dialog that appears, click on
Yes to save this position.
4. Click on Exit to clear the Align Autosampler dialog.
2. Start a rinse cycle (procedure: page 3-32).
The rinsing pump performs three cycles. During the suction phase of each
cycle (pump plunger moves backward) a droplet of rinsing liquid hangs on the
end of the pipet tip; this droplet must remain stationary.
At the end of a rinse cycle the sample pump draws the rinsing liquid droplet
back into the pipet tip.

To check the inlet valve

1. Start a rinse cycle (procedure: page 3-32).
2. Remove the rinse feed tube briefly from the rinsing liquid so that an air bubble
is drawn in and then replace the tube in the rinsing liquid.
3. Watch the meniscus of the air bubble: It must remain stationary during the
expulsion phase of each cycle (pump plunger moves forward).
4. When you have finished checking the valves, in the Align Autosampler dialog,
click on Unlocked Above Rinse.
5. Adjust the depth control wheel so that the pipet tip is at the correct depth
inside the rinsing port.

3-34 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

6. Click on Unlocked Above Rinse again. In the dialog that appears, click on Yes
to save this position.
7. In the Align Autosampler dialog, click on Exit.
8. Thereafter repeat the rinse cycle as often as required to remove air bubbles.
Remove persistent bubbles by flushing the system first with isopropanol and
then with aqueous rinsing liquid.
If a valve is leaking, clean it as described on the following pages. If cleaning does
not remedy the problem, replace the complete valve.
Note: Do not attempt to repair the valves or change individual components
inside the valve. If any components are damaged or worn, discard the valve and
install a complete, new valve.

0993-5258 3-35
troubleshooting

Removing the rinse pump valves and sample pump tube connectors
Note: Avoid handling the internal valve components with bare fingers as much
as possible—grease from your fingers can interfere with the correct functioning
of the valves. Wear suitable gloves.

Caution: Risk of damage to the autosampler

You can cause irreparable damage to the gears if you attempt to move the
autosampler arm by hand.
• Never attempt to move the autosampler arm by hand.

1. Disconnect the tubes from the pumps.

When you unscrew the nuts (A), make sure
A A
that you do not lose any of the ferrules from
the ends of the tubes.

A A

Sample Pump Rinse Pump

3-36 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

2. Unscrew the valve retaining rings.

Carefully withdraw the valves from the rinse pump or the tube connectors
from the sample pump. Be very careful not to lose any of the parts from inside
the valves.

Sample Pump Components Rinse Pump Components

Retaining ring Retaining ring

Tube connector Outlet valve

Inlet valve
Tube connector
Tube connector

Retaining ring Retaining ring

3. Remove the components from inside the rinse pump valves.

Do not use sharp or pointed tools to remove them.
Handle the seals with especial care; they are very delicate and easily
damaged.
Keep the components from the different valves separate.

Outlet Valve Inlet Valve

1 2
1 Outlet valve body
2 Inlet valve body
3 Gasket 3
4 Ruby ball 4
5 Seal
5

0993-5258 3-37
troubleshooting

Cleaning the valves, tube connectors and pump heads

Note: Never use any sharp tools to clean the pump components.
Avoid handling the internal valve components with bare fingers as much as
possible—grease from your fingers can interfere with the correct functioning of
the valves. Wear suitable gloves.
1. Clean the valve components in an ultrasonic bath.
Use a dilute solution of laboratory detergent.
Rinse them thoroughly with deionized water.
2. Rinse the sample pump tube connectors thoroughly C
with deionized water.
3. Rinse the inlet and outlet chambers (C) of the pump
heads thoroughly with deionized water.
Note: Do not remove the pump heads from the pumps.
This operation should only be performed by a PerkinElmer
service engineer or similarly trained person.
C
Assembling and installing the valves
1. If any of the valve components are damaged or worn, discard the valve and
install a complete, new valve.
2. Reassemble the valves.
Do not mix components from different valves. Make sure that the shiny side
of the seal is directed toward the ruby ball.

Outlet Valve Inlet Valve

1 2
1 Outlet valve body
2 Inlet valve body
3 Gasket 3
4 Ruby ball 4
5 Seal
5

3-38 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

3. Place the valves and tube connector in the Rinse Pump Components
rinse pump head. Screw on the retaining
rings finger-tight. Do not use tools or Retaining ring
overtighten the retaining rings; this may
deform the seals and cause leaks. Outlet valve
Make sure that you use the outlet valve,
which has a black seal, and not one of the
sample pump tube connectors.
Make sure that the black seal of the inlet Inlet valve
valve faces the tube connector. Tube connector

Retaining ring

4. Place the tube connectors in the sample Sample Pump Components

pump head.
Make sure that you do not use the rinse Retaining ring
pump outlet valve which has a black seal.
Tube connector
5. Screw on the retaining rings finger-tight.
Do not use tools or overtighten the retaining
rings; this may deform the connections and
cause leaks.
6. Make sure that all the tubes in the rinsing Tube connector
system are clean before you reconnect the
tubes to the pumps. Retaining ring

0993-5258 3-39
troubleshooting

7. Reconnect the tubes to the correct sides of the pumps.

Make sure that the ferrules are positioned correctly.
Screw on the nuts firmly by hand; do not use any tools.
The rinse feed tube has a larger diameter than the other tubes and uses larger
ferrules and a larger nut.
Sample Pump Rinse Pump

Tube Sample
tube
Nut

Back ferrule

Front ferrule

Tube fitting
on the pump Connecting
tube Rinse feed
tube

8. Make sure that the pump heads are correctly aligned (procedure: page 3-46).
9. Prime and flush the rinsing system (procedure: page 3-32):
1. Flush the rinsing system with isopropanol.
2. Flush the rinsing system well with the usual rinsing liquid.
Note: Always prime and flush the rinsing system after you have performed any
work on the components.

3-40 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

Repairing a pipet
The complete pipet is an assembly that consists of the sample tube fitted through
a mount and a flexible sleeve. The mount is provided with a groove that locates
the mount in the correct position in the clip at the end of the autosampler arm. The
pipet tip is that portion of the sample tube protruding from the mount.
If the pipet tip becomes damaged you can repair it as given below:

Caution: Risk of damage to the autosampler

You can cause irreparable damage to the gears if you attempt to move the
autosampler arm by hand.
• Never attempt to move the autosampler arm by hand.
1. Raise the pipet tip out of the rinsing port:
1. In the Furnace Control window, click on Align Tip.
The Align Autosampler dialog appears.
2. In this dialog, click on Unlocked Above Rinse. The pipet tip rises to a
position directly above the rinsing port.

2. Unthread the tube from the hooks on the

autosampler arm.
Hooks on
3. Pull the mount out of the clip at the end autosampler
arm
of the autosampler arm.

Mount

4. Hold the plastic mount in one hand

and the end of the damaged pipet tip,
with grips, in the other hand. Pull the
tube through the mount until
approximately 10 mm of undamaged
PTFE tube are outside the flexible
sleeve.

0993-5258 3-41
troubleshooting

5. Using a sharp blade, cut off the PTFE Flexible sleeve

tube at a slight angle to leave
approximately 7 mm of tube
extending out of the sleeve.

7 mm

6. Push the mount into the clip at the end of the autosampler arm.
Make sure that the groove in the mount fits correctly in the clip.
7. Rethread the sample tube through the hooks on the autosampler arm such that
it forms a smooth loop from the mount (see ‘To install the new pipet
assembly’, page 3-44).
8. When you have finished, in the Align Autosampler dialog, click on Unlocked
Above Rinse.

9. Adjust the depth control wheel so that the pipet tip is at the correct depth
inside the rinsing port (more information: page 3-16).
10. Click on Unlocked Above Rinse again. In the dialog that appears, click on Yes
to save this position.
11. In the Align Autosampler dialog, click on Exit.
12. Fill and flush the rinsing system (procedure: page 3-32 ):
1. Flush the rinsing system with isopropanol.
2. Flush the rinsing system well with the usual rinsing liquid.
Note: Always fill and flush the rinsing system after you have performed any
work on the components.

3-42 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

Installing a new pipet assembly

The complete pipet is an assembly that consists of the sample tube fitted through
a plastic mount. The mount is provided with a groove that locates the mount in
the correct position in the clip at the end of the autosampler arm. The pipet tip is
that portion of the sample tube protruding from the mount.
If the pipet tip becomes damaged and cannot be further repaired or if the sample
tube is kinked or contaminated, you should replace the complete assembly.

Caution: Risk of damage to the autosampler

You can cause irreparable damage to the gears if you attempt to move the
autosampler arm by hand.
• Never attempt to move the autosampler arm by hand.

To remove the old pipet assembly

1. Raise the pipet tip out of the rinsing port:
1. In the Furnace Control window, click on Align Tip.
The Align Autosampler dialog appears.
2. In this dialog, click on Unlocked Above Rinse. The pipet tip rises to a
position directly above the rinsing port.
2. Remove the pipet assembly:
1. Unscrew the knurled nut that connects the sample tube to the sample
pump. Remove the nut and ferrules from the tube and save the nut.
2. Unthread the tube from the hooks on the arm.
3. Pull the mount out of the clip at the end of the autosampler arm.
4. Remove the entire sample tube from the sample table.

0993-5258 3-43
troubleshooting

H1

Hooks on H2 H3
autosampler
arm Knurled nut
on sample pump

To install the new pipet assembly

Note: Handle the sample tube with care. Do not damage the delicate pipet tip
and do not kink the tube.
1. Push the mount into the clip at the end of the autosampler arm.
Make sure that the groove in the mount fits correctly in the clip.
2. Take the sample tube in a smooth loop from the mount to the hooks on the
autosampler arm and then thread it through the hooks on the autosampler arm.
3. Pass the sample tube around the back of the motor assembly and thread it
through hook H1 on the sample table. Leave a sufficiently large loop so that
the autosampler arm can move freely.
4. Thread the sample tube through hooks H2 and H3 on the sample table and
pass it to the top of the sample pump.

3-44 0993-5258
 troubleshooting

5. Take two new ferrules from the ferrule kit provided with the autosampler.
Slide the knurled nut, the back ferrule, and then the front ferrule onto the tube.
Note: Make sure the ferrules are the correct way round.
6. Screw the knurled nut finger-tight onto the sample pump.
Do not use force.
7. When you have finished, in the Align Autosampler dialog, click on Unlocked
Above Rinse.

8. Adjust the depth control wheel so that the pipet tip is at the correct depth
inside the rinsing port (more information: page 3-16).
9. Click on Unlocked Above Rinse again. In the dialog that appears, click on Yes
to save this position.
10. In the Align Autosampler dialog, click on Exit.
11. Fill and flush the rinsing system (procedure: page 3-32):
1. Flush the rinsing system with isopropanol.
2. Flush the rinsing system well with the usual rinsing liquid.
Note: Always fill and flush the rinsing system after you have performed any
work on the components.

Sample
tube
Tube

Nut

Back ferrule

Front ferrule

Tube fitting Connecting Rinse feed

on the pump tube tube

0993-5258 3-45
troubleshooting

Aligning the pump heads

To align the pump heads

1. Use the special wrench provided to loosen Arrows on the pump heads
the retaining ring that secures the pump
head.
2. Set the pump head so that the molded arrow
is pointing upward. The pump head has a
lug that engages in a notch on the pump
mount when the pump head is set correctly.
3. Use the special wrench provided to tighten
the retaining ring. Do not use excessive
force.
Note: Do not remove the pump heads from the
pumps. This operation should only be
performed by a PerkinElmer service engineer
or similarly trained person. Side view of pump head

Retaining ring

Pump head

3-46 0993-5258
HGA Graphite Furnace:
Parts and Supplies 4
4HGA Graphite Furnace: Parts and Supplies
Marker for header

Contents page

Obtaining supplies, replacement parts, and accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

HGA Graphite Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Graphite components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Matrix modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Window components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Furnace gas and cooling systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Parts provided with the AS-800 furnace autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Supplies and replacement parts for the furnace autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Pump parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

0993-5258 4-1
HGA Parts and Supplies

4-2 0993-5258
 HGA Parts and Supplies

Obtaining supplies, replacement parts, and accessories

Supplies, replacement parts, and accessories can be ordered directly from
PerkinElmer, using the part numbers quoted in this guide. PerkinElmer’s catalog
service offers a full selection of high-quality atomic spectroscopy supplies
through the Atomic Spectroscopy Supplies Catalog.
To place an order for supplies and many replacement parts, request a free catalog,
or ask for information:
– If you are located within the U.S., call toll free 1-800-762-4002, 8 a.m. to
8 p.m. EST. Your order will be shipped promptly, usually within 24 hours.
– If you are located outside of the U.S., call your local PerkinElmer sales or
service office.

What is listed in this chapter

This chapter lists the most important replacement parts for your graphite furnace
system. Information about other parts and accessories is given in the current
PerkinElmer brochures and price lists.

0993-5258 4-3
HGA Parts and Supplies

HGA Graphite Furnace

Graphite components

Shield ring Graphite tube

Right-hand
graphite contact
Left-hand
graphite contact

Graphite tube with Graphite tube with

integrated platform L’vov platform

Description Pkg. Part No.

Pyrocoated graphite tubes with integrated platforms 20 B300-1264

5 B300-1262

Pyrocoated graphite tubes with grooves for L’vov platforms 50 B010-9322

20 B300-1254
5 B013-7111

L’vov platforms 50 B010-9324

20 B300-1256
5 B013-7112

Pyrocoated graphite tubes (not for use with L’vov platforms) 50 B009-1504
20 B300-0342
5 B010-5197

4-4 0993-5258
 HGA Parts and Supplies

Description Pkg. Part No.

Uncoated graphite tubes (not for use with L’vov platforms) 50 B007-0699
20 B300-1253

Graphite contacts (left-hand and right-hand) 1 pair B012-8495

Graphite shield rings 5 B010-5113

0993-5258 4-5
HGA Parts and Supplies

Matrix modifiers

Description Part No.

Magnesium nitrate modifier (10 g/L Mg, 100 mL) . . . . . . . . . . . B019-0634

Palladium nitrate modifier (10 g/L Pd, 100 mL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . B019-0635

Window components

Mount Window Collar

Description Part No.

Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B008-0850
Mount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B312-0683
Collar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B312-0294

Tools

Description Part No.

Set of tools, for changing the contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B312-1301

Tube alignment tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B008-0112
Insertion tool for L’vov platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B011-2657

4-6 0993-5258
 HGA Parts and Supplies

Furnace gas and cooling systems

Description Part No.

Drain fitting for the automatic connectors, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B019-3243

to empty the cooling system hoses (2 required)
Gas tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B050-8264
Tube cutter for the gas tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0992-3183
Y-connector for the gas tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0992-0179
Cooling system, 230 V, 50/60 Hz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B019-8072
Water hose kit with pressure relief valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B313-0124
Glycerol (85%) for cooling systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B050-5133

Drain fitting

Y-connector

0993-5258 4-7
HGA Parts and Supplies

Parts provided with the AS-800 furnace autosampler

PerkinElmer reserves the right to alter the schedule of parts provided without prior notice.

Qty. Item Part No.

1 Furnace autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1500
together with the following components:
1 Sample tray, 148 locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1506
1 Sample tray, 88 locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1507
1 Sample tray cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1505
1 Sample cups, polypropylene, 1.2 mL, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B051-0397
pack of 2000
1 Sample cups, polypropylene, 2.5 mL, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1566
pack of 1000
1 Sample cups, polypropylene, 7 mL, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1567
pack of 100
1 Rinsing port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1512
1 Pipet assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B012-9258
2 Rinse and waste bottles, polyethylene, 2 L . . . . . . . . . . . B010-4344
1 Drain tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-2141
1 Rinse feed assembly:
Rigid tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1363
Flexible tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B001-7998
Front ferrule, 2.45 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1333
Back ferrule, 2.45 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1334
Nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1335
1 Grips for 1.2 mL sample cups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B051-0398
1 Wrench for the pump head retaining ring . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1365
1 Quick reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0993-5260

4-8 0993-5258
 HGA Parts and Supplies

Supplies and replacement parts for the furnace autosampler

Description Part No.

Sample cups, polypropylene, 1.2 mL,

pack of 2000 for the 148-location tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B051-0397
Sample cups, polypropylene, 2.5 mL,
pack of 1000 for the 88- or 148-location tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1566
Sample cups, polypropylene, 7 mL,
pack of 100 for the 88- or 148-location tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1567
88-location sample tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1507
148-location sample tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1506
Rinse pump valve kit (contains both valves) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1485
Inlet valve assembly (complete) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-2007
Outlet valve assembly (complete) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-2006
Tube cutter, for PTFE tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B051-0268
Solvent resistant rinse and waste bottle, 1 L, PTFE . . . . . . . . . . B300-1460
Pipet assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B012-9258
Connecting tube, PTFE, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B002-9792
to connect the rinse and sample pumps

0993-5258 4-9
HGA Parts and Supplies

Pump parts

1 Nut, for 1/16'' tube. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-2089 1

2a
2 Ferrule kit, 1/16'' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B008-6142 2b
contains 5 back ferrules (2a)
and 5 front ferrules (2b)
3
3 Valve and connector retaining ring . . . . . . . . . B009-2450
for rinse pump and sample pump
inlets and outlets

4 Outlet valve (rinse pump) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-2006

4 9
complete with ferrules (2a, 2b) and nut (1)

5 Inlet valve (rinse pump) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-2007

complete with valve (5a), tube connector (5b),
ferrules (7, 8) and nut (9)

6 Front ferrule, 2.45 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1333

Pump head
7 Back ferrule, 2.45 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1334

8 Nut, for 2.45 mm tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B314-0226

9 Tube connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-2010

for the sample pump 5a
9
5b

6 2b
7 2a
8 1

4-10 0993-5258
HGA Graphite Furnace:
System Description 5
5HGA Graphite Furnace: System Description
Marker for header

Contents page

HGA Graphite Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Furnace design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
The graphite tube and contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Maximum power heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Time-controlled heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Temperature control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
The furnace gas system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Principle of the gas purging system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
The external protective gas flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
The internal purge gas flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Inert gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Cooling the furnace system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Graphite furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
AS-800 Furnace Autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Autosampler design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Sample and rinse pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
The sample table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Sample and reagent containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Controlling the autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
The autosampler operating cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Literature on electrothermal atomization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18

0993-5258 5-1
HGA System Description

5-2 0993-5258
 HGA System Description

HGA Graphite Furnace

Furnace design
The HGA is a longitudinally-heated graphite furnace for electrothermal
atomization in atomic absorption spectrometry. The furnace is electrically heated.
The voltage is applied along the graphite tube, parallel to the radiation beam.
The graphite furnace is mounted on a carriage that can be driven into and out of
the atomizer compartment by software command. In this way you can change
between electrothermal atomization and flame atomization easily within a few
seconds.
The power supply, system electronics, and the inert gas control pneumatics for the
furnace are incorporated in the spectrometer. The electrical cables and gas and
water tubes to the furnace are led via a flexible conduit. The gas and electrical
supplies for the furnace are controlled from the spectrometer.

0993-5258 5-3
HGA System Description

The graphite tube and contacts

The graphite tube is held in position in the furnace by two graphite contacts.
These provide the electrical contacts for the heating. The contact surfaces must be
perfectly clean and smooth to allow consistent heating conditions.
You must periodically clean the contact surfaces and change the contacts when
the contact surfaces deteriorate.
The contacts have precisely engineered holes for the gas flows (more
information: page 5-6).

Shield Ring Graphite Tube

Right-hand
Graphite Contact
Left-hand
Graphite Contact

Figure 5-1. Graphite Components of the Furnace

The graphite tube is made of electrographite with a coating of pyrolytic graphite.
The standard graphite tubes have an integrated platform. This enables the sample
and the atmosphere in the graphite tube to be in thermal equilibrium during the
atomization step. This is an important requirement of the STPF concept
(Stabilized Temperature Platform Furnace).

5-4 0993-5258
 HGA System Description

Maximum power heating

Maximum power heating provides the most rapid heating of the tube and thus
atomization of the sample. The heating rate is approximately 2000 °C/s. It is
recommended for most analyses and is an important component of the STPF
concept.
To select this method of heating, you enter 0 (zero) for the Ramp Time in the
atomization step of the furnace program.

Time-controlled heating
Time-controlled heating is used for program steps other than the atomization step,
except in special situations.
To select this method of heating you enter a time between 1 and 99 (seconds) for
the Ramp Time in the relevant furnace program step. The heating rate is always
lower than the maximum power heating rate.

Temperature control
The temperature regulation system of the HGA continuously monitors the
effective voltage across the tube and uses this together with the initial and final
temperatures to control the heating.
During maximum power heating, the emission temperature of the tube, measured
by an optical sensor, is also used to control the heating.

Optical sensor

Figure 5-2. Optical Sensor on the Furnace

0993-5258 5-5
HGA System Description

The furnace gas system

Principle of the gas purging system

To prevent the graphite tube from being oxidized during the atomization step of
a graphite furnace analysis, an inert gas atmosphere inside and outside the
graphite tube is essential.
The furnace gas system supplies two independently controlled flows: the external
protective flow and the internal purge flow.
The furnace gas system has two inlets, the Normal Gas inlet and the Special Gas
inlet, to allow you to connect two separate gas supplies to the furnace.
The Normal Gas inlet provides:
• The inert gas that prevents the graphite tube and sample from oxidizing at
high furnace temperatures.
• The pneumatic pressure that holds the furnace closed and ensures that the
graphite tube makes good electrical contact with the graphite contacts.
Even when the spectrometer is switched off, the furnace is held closed if there
is pressure in the gas supply line. If you release the pressure in the lines you
can open the furnace.
The Special Gas inlet supplies the furnace with a special gas during some steps
of a furnace program. This is optional but is useful for particular applications; for
example, air may produce more effective ashing of organic materials.
The gas connections are located on the rear panel of the spectrometer.
Note: The furnace will operate correctly only if there is gas pressure at both gas
inlets. If you are not using a special gas, you must connect the inert gas to both
inlets using the Y-connector provided.

5-6 0993-5258
 HGA System Description

Internal purge gas flow

External protective gas flow

Figure 5-3. Schematic of Furnace Gas Flows (not to scale)

The external protective gas flow

The external gas flow protects the outside of the graphite tube from being
oxidized when the graphite tube is heated. Usually argon is used. The gas enters
the furnace through the rear of both contacts and flows into the space between
these and the graphite tube. It flows over the outside of the graphite tube and exits
through the sample injection hole and through the gap between the two contacts.
The external gas flow, 2 x 450 mL/minute, starts when power to the system is
switched on and stops automatically when the furnace has been idle for 10
minutes. During a furnace program the external gas flows continuously.

The internal purge gas flow

The internal gas flow enters the graphite tube at both ends and exits through the
sample injection hole. The flow starts as soon as you start a furnace program and
stops automatically when the furnace has been idle for 10 minutes.
Usually an inert gas, argon, is used to protect both the inside of the graphite tube
and the sample from being oxidized. The internal flow also purges vapors and
fumes, produced during the drying and pyrolysis steps, out of the tube.
You can also use a special gas for the internal gas flow. This is optional but is
useful for particular applications. For example, air may produce more effective
ashing of organic materials.

0993-5258 5-7
HGA System Description

For each step of the furnace program you must select either the inert gas or the
special gas and the required flowrate.
The flow values are valid for argon. If you use nitrogen they will differ slightly
from the values quoted.
During each step of the furnace program the gas flows at the rate specified for that
step. For any step where you specify a lower flowrate than that for the previous
step, the system reduces the flow five seconds before the step starts. This ensures
that the flow is stable when the step starts.
Selecting zero flow for the atomization step ensures that the graphite tube and
sample are in thermal equilibrium; an important requirement of the STPF
concept.

Inert gas
Argon is the recommended inert gas. It does not react with either the graphite tube
or the sample at the temperatures used in the furnace.
Although nitrogen can be used, it is not recommended as an inert gas for the
furnace. It can react both with the graphite tube and samples at normal
atomization temperatures. Nitrogen does not provide such efficient protection for
the graphite tube as argon at temperatures above 2000 °C and can react with the
graphite tube to form toxic cyanogen gas, (CN)2, at temperatures above 2300 °C.

5-8 0993-5258
 HGA System Description

Cooling the furnace system

For rapid and accurate temperature control, the furnace must be both heated and
cooled. Cooling is achieved using water flowing through tubes that are integrated
into the furnace. At optimum water temperature and flow rate, the furnace can be
cooled in about 20 seconds from its maximum temperature to that of the incoming
cooling water. The temperature of the furnace housing is measured during
operation and the furnace is shut down if the temperature rises to above 120 °C.
The spectrometer also incorporates cooling coils to maintain the electronic
components at a comfortable working temperature.

Cooling system
PerkinElmer offers a recirculating cooling system. It provides coolant at a
constant temperature and flow, to allow the most reproducible analytical
conditions. It also makes the system independent of external water supplies and
saves water. Electrical power to the cooling system is provided by the
spectrometer. The system shuts down automatically if the furnace has been idle
for more than 10 minutes.
The cooling system uses a 1:10 solution of glycerol in sediment-free drinking
water.
The cooling system also includes a pressure-sensitive safety device. If the
pressure in the circulatory system increases to above a factory-preset value an
internal bypass opens. This feature eliminates the risk of damage to the furnace
system through excess pressure. A pressure increase could be caused, for
example, if one of the hoses is kinked.

Max

Min

Figure 5-4. Furnace cooling system

0993-5258 5-9
HGA System Description

Technical data

Graphite furnace

Principle Longitudinally-heated graphite furnace.

Temperature Ambient temperature (20 °C) to 3000 °C, programmable in steps of 10 °C.
range
Heating rate Programmable up to approx. 2000 °C/s (maximum power heating).
Gas requirements Inert gas supply required for operation (not provided); argon recommended.
A second, special gas can also be used.
Automatic gas shutdown when the furnace has been idle for 10 minutes.
Pressure: 350–400 kPa (3.5–4 bar, 51–58 psig)
Gas flow: max. 1300 mL/min
Gas flows Internal flow, selectable flowrates:
0, 50, 250 mL/min
External flow, fixed: 2 x 450 mL/min
Cooling Sediment-free tap water.
Water consumption: max. 2.5 L/min
Water pressure: max. 3.5 bar (350 kPa, 50 psig)
The use of the (optional) Recirculating Cooling System is recommended
(see page 5-12 for the technical data).
Furnace Up to twelve independent steps.
program Parameters:
Isothermal temperature holding time: 0–99 s, in steps of 1 s
Isothermal temperature: 20–3000 °C in steps of 10 °C
Heating rate: programmable, time-dependent or maximum power
Internal gas flow
Read delay
Read time

5-10 0993-5258
 HGA System Description

Safety features Automatic circuit breaker to prevent the furnace drawing too much current.
Software monitoring prevents the creation of furnace programs that would
draw too much power.
Safety lock to prevent operation with the furnace open or with a defective
tube.
Protection against overheating of the furnace.
Safety lock to prevent operation with low gas pressure.
The software continuously monitors the status of the system and informs the
user of any problems. If the user attempts to perform an action that could
have serious consequences, suitable messages appear on the screen.
Power Integrated into the spectrometer; see the Technical Data for the
requirements spectrometer.
Electrical As defined in EN 61010-1-1993 (IEC 1010-1):
protection Insulation: Class I
Insulation category (overvoltage category): II
Pollution degree: 2
Safety standards As defined in EN 61010-1-1993 (IEC 1010-1: 1990 + A1 + A2) and
EN 61010-2-061:1996.
CSA standards: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 1010.1-92, Amendment 1 (1992),
2 (1995), and CAN/CSA 61010-2-061 (1995).
UL standards: UL 3101-1 1993 and UL 3111-1 1994.
Compliant to the requirements of Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
and Underwriters Laboratory (UL) as listed in File No. LR 45111.
Certificate of Approval and GS mark from the LGA Bavaria, FRG, Institute
of Equipment Safety Testing and Certification, and CSA-NRTL/C mark
from CSA, Canada, File No. LR 45111.
EMC standards As defined in EN 61326-1:1997.
Environmental Ambient temperature +15 C to +35 C (+59 F to +95 F), with a
requirements maximum change not exceeding 2.8 C (5 F) per hour.
20–80% relative humidity; non-condensing.

0993-5258 5-11
HGA System Description

Cooling system

Principle Self-priming recirculating system with fan-assisted heat exchanger.

Coolant 1:10 mixture of glycerol in sediment-free drinking water.
Volume Approx. 5 L
Water Output: 36 °C ± 5 °C
temperature Inlet max: 90 °C
Fan cut-in temp: 40 °C
Flow 2.5 L/min
Air flow Approx. 400 m3/hour
Water pressure 300 kPa, (3 bar, 43 psig).
Pressure-sensitive safety device opens if the internal pressure increases to
above a factory-preset value.
Connections Reinforced hose, i.d. 8 mm; automatic connectors with integral shut-off
valves.
Power 230 V, 50/60 Hz
requirements Power consumption: approx. 140 VA
Safety standards As defined in EN 61010-1-1993 (IEC 1010-1: 1990 + A1 + A2) and
EN 61010-2-061:1996.
CSA standards: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 1010.1-92, Amendment 1 (1992),
2 (1995), and CAN/CSA 61010-2-061 (1995).
UL standards: UL 3101-1 1993 and UL 3111-1 1994.
Compliant to the requirements of Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
and Underwriters Laboratory (UL) as listed in File No. LR 45111.
Certificate of Approval and GS mark from the LGA Bavaria, FRG,
Institute of Equipment Safety Testing and Certification, and CSA-NRTL/
C mark from CSA, Canada, File No. LR 45111.
EMC standards As defined in EN 61326-1:1997.
Dimensions Width: 200 mm
Height: 375 mm
Depth: 500 mm
Mass (weight) Approx. 18 kg with coolant.

5-12 0993-5258
 HGA System Description

AS-800 Furnace Autosampler

Autosampler design
The autosampler contains all the mechanical and electrical components required
to withdraw the correct volume of solution from a selected container, inject it into
the graphite tube, and rinse the pipet tip. Using the autosampler to inject solutions
into the graphite tube considerably improves the precision of the analytical results
compared to that for manual pipetting. The volumes pipetted and the positioning
of the droplet inside the graphite tube are much more reproducible when
performed by the autosampler.
The autosampler is mounted on a swing arm directly in front of the atomizer
compartment. Although you can easily remove and refit it, this is usually not
necessary.

Sample and rinse pumps

The sample and rinse pumps are mounted on the side of the sample table. They
are driven by stepping motors to guarantee the precision and accuracy of the
selected volumes.
The rinse pump contains ball valves at the inlet and outlet. The sample pump
contains no valves.
The rinse pump delivers a fixed volume of rinsing liquid. The sample pump
delivers the volume that you select in the application program.

The sample table

The autosampler arm moves the pipet tip between the pipetting location and the
sample injection hole of the graphite tube. The autosampler arm and motor
assembly is fixed to the sample table. The sample tray trough and the overflow
rinsing port are mounted on a movable plate on the sample table. A stepping
motor slews the plate to position the correct reagent or sample container, or the
rinsing port, at the pipetting location.
The sample tray sits in the sample tray trough, which has a plastic cover. The
cover protects the samples from contamination and reduces the rate of
evaporation of the solvent. You can reduce the rate of evaporation further by
pouring a small volume of water into the sample tray trough.
The sample tray is removable. It is useful to have several trays so that you can load
trays while one tray of samples is being analyzed.
There are two types of sample tray available, with either 88 or 148 locations for
samples and reagents.

0993-5258 5-13
HGA System Description

Sample tube

Rinsing port

Connecting Rinse feed

Forward/backward tube tube
alignment control

Left/right Pumps
alignment control
Rinse feed
tube
Drain tube
Metal swing arm

Control cable

Hinge pin

Waste bottle Rinse bottle

Figure 5-5. AS-800 Furnace Autosampler (1)

5-14 0993-5258
 HGA System Description

Motor assembly

Depth control

Rinse pump

Sample tube
Sample pump

Autosampler arm

Rinsing port

Sample tray

Sample table

Figure 5-6. AS-800 Furnace Autosampler (2)

Sample and reagent containers

These containers are available with volumes of 1.2 mL, 2.5 mL or 7 mL. They are
made of polypropylene.
As well as for samples, you can use the containers for calibration solutions,
modifier solutions, or sample solutions for special applications.

Controlling the autosampler

Via the AA WinLab application, you control exactly how and when the solutions
will be taken up and injected into the graphite tube. For example you can select:
• The order in which the solutions will be taken up.
• To pipet some or all of the solutions one after another and inject them into the
graphite tube together.
• To pipet some or all of the solutions separately and inject them separately into
the graphite tube.

0993-5258 5-15
HGA System Description

The autosampler operating cycle

1. You start the analysis with a software command.
The furnace program starts. The pipet tip is in the rinsing port.
2. The rinse pump performs three cycles, rinsing the pipet tip with 4.5 mL of
rinsing liquid.
3. The autosampler arm rises and the movable plate positions the requested
solution at the pipetting location.
Simultaneously, the sample pump draws a small bubble of air into the pipet
tip to separate the rinsing liquid from the solution being pipetted.
4. The autosampler arm lowers the pipet tip into the solution and the sample
pump draws the selected volume of solution into the tip. The autosampler arm
rises.
5. If you selected to pipet more than one solution in one step:
– The container with the next solution is brought to the pipetting location.
– A small bubble of air is drawn into the pipet tip.
– Step 4 is repeated for this solution.
– Step 5 is repeated until all the solutions you selected have been taken up
into the pipet tip.
6. The autosampler arm swings over to the graphite furnace and injects the
solutions into the graphite tube.
7. The autosampler arm swings back to the sample table and simultaneously the
movable plate positions the rinsing port at the pipetting location. The rinse
pump rinses the pipet tip with rinsing liquid.
8. Steps 3 to 7 are repeated for each step of the analysis program that requires
solutions to be pipetted.
9. When all the solutions have been injected into the graphite tube, the pipet tip
returns to the rinsing port and the rinse pump rinses the pipet tip with rinsing
liquid.
10. The furnace program continues to the end and the analyte signal is measured.
11. The preceding steps are carried out for each replicate of every sample and
calibration solution.

5-16 0993-5258
 HGA System Description

Technical data

AS-800 Furnace Autosampler

Principle Random access furnace autosampler with programmable sample volume.

Can combine and dilute solutions automatically in the graphite tube and
produce calibration solutions from a stock solution.
Control From the spectrometer’s application program.
Sample trays Removable trays with 88 and 148 locations.
Rinsing A rinsing port is integrated with the sample table. This rinses the inside and
outside of the pipet tip.
Minimum 0.1 mL
required sample
volume
Pipetted volume Minimum: 1.0 µL; maximum: 99 µL.
For the best precision a minimum of 5 µL is recommended.
Maximum = volume of one solution or the sum of individual solution
volumes pipetted together; for example: [sample + matrix modifier +
diluent + air bubble volumes]
Power The autosampler draws its power from the spectrometer.
requirements
Safety and As defined in EN 61010-1-1993 (IEC 1010-1: 1990 + A1 + A2) and
EMC standards EN 61010-2-061:1996.
Electromagnetic compatibility: EN 61326-1:1997.
Environmental Ambient temperature +15 C to +35 C (+59 F to +95 F), with a
requirements maximum change not exceeding 2.8 C (5 F) per hour.
20–80% relative humidity; non-condensing.
Dimensions Dimensions without swing arm
Width: 270 mm
Height: 200 mm
Depth: 340 mm
Mass approx. 7 kg including swing arm.
(weight)

0993-5258 5-17
HGA System Description

Literature on electrothermal atomization

The following monograph provides detailed information on electrothermal

atomization and other aspects of atomic absorption analyses:
B. Welz and M. Sperling, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry,
third, completely revised edition,
Wiley-VCH, New York and Weinheim, 1999,
ISBN 3-527-28571-7

5-18 0993-5258
Translations of Warnings 6
6Translations of Warnings
Marker for header

0993-5258 6-1
Translations of Warnings

6-2 0993-5258
 Translations of Warnings

Warning Messages
This section contains translations of the warnings used in this guide.
dansk Oversættelser af advarsler
Denne del indeholder oversættelserne af de advarsler, som er indeholdt i denne håndbog.
Deutsch Übersetzungen der Warnungen
Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Übersetzungen der in diesem Handbuch verwendeten
Warnungen.
español Traducciones de las advertencias
Esta sección contiene traducciones de las advertencias utilizadas en el presente manual.
italiano Traduzione dei simboli di avvertenza
La presente sezione contiene la traduzione dei simboli di avvertenza utilizzati nel
presente manuale.
Nederlands Vertalingen van de Waarschuwingen
Dit gedeelte bevat vertalingen van de waarschuwingen gebruikt in dit handboek.
português Traduções de avisos
Esta secção contém traduções dos avisos usados no manual.
suomea Varoitusten käännökset
Tämä osa sisältää tässä käsikirjassa käytettyjen varoitusten käännökset.
svenska Översättning av varningstexter
Detta avsnitt innehåller översättningar av de varningstexter som används i handboken.

0993-5258 6-3
Translations of Warnings

6-4 0993-5258
 Translations of Warnings

This symbol alerts you to situations that could result in personal injury to yourself or other
persons.
Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

dansk Dette symbol gør Dem opmærksom på situationer, som kan medføre kvæstelser af Dem
selv eller andre personer.
Detaljer vedrørende disse omstændigheder er indrammet på tilsvarende måde som
denne henvisning.
Deutsch Dieses Symbol warnt vor Situationen, in denen Sie oder andere Personen verletzt
werden können.
Einzelheiten darüber sind in einem Rahmen wie diesem angegeben.
español Este símbolo le advierte de situaciones que pueden provocar lesiones corporales a
usted o a otras personas.
En los recuadros como éste se proporciona información sobre este tipo de
circunstancias.
français Ce symbole vous signale des situations pouvant occasionner des dommages corporels
à l'utilisateur ou à d'autres personnes.
Les détails sur ces circonstances sont données dans un encadré semblable à celui-ci.
italiano Questo simbolo segnala situazioni che possono generare incidenti a voi stessi o ad
altre persone.
Troverete informazioni su tali circostanze in un riquadro come questo.
Nederlands Dit symbool maakt U attent op situaties die tot verwondingen voor Uzelf of anderen
kunnen leiden.
Bijzonderheden over deze omstandigheden staan in een kader zoals dit.
português Este símbolo alerta para situações que poderão causar um ferimento ao usuário.
Detalhes referentes a estas circunstâncias encontram-se referidos numa caixa como
esta.
suomea Tämä symboli haluaa kiinnittää huomiotasi tilanteisiin, joiden seurauksena voi olla itsesi
tai muiden henkilöiden loukkaantuminen.
Yksityiskohtaisia tietoja tällaisista tapauksista on tämäntapaisessa ruudussa.
svenska Denna symbol används för situationer där det finns risk för personskador om
användaren inte följer anvisningarna.
Detaljerad information ges i en ruta som denna.

0993-5258 6-5
Translations of Warnings

This symbol alerts you to the risk of hot surfaces that could cause personal injury to
yourself or other persons.
Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

dansk Dette symbol gør Dem opmærksom på risikoen for varme overflader, som kan medføre
kvæstelser af Dem selv eller andre personer.
Detaljer vedrørende disse omstændigheder er indrammet på tilsvarende måde som
denne henvisning.
Deutsch Dieses Symbol warnt vor Gefahr durch heiße Oberflächen, durch die Sie oder andere
Personen verletzt werden können.
Einzelheiten darüber sind in einem Rahmen wie diesem angegeben.
español Este símbolo le advierte del peligro de que las superficies candentes provoquen
quemaduras a usted o a otras personas.
En los recuadros como éste se proporciona información sobre este tipo de
circunstancias.
français Ce symbole vous avertit d'un risque de surfaces chaudes pouvant occasionner des
dommages corporels à l'utilisateur ou à d'autres personnes.
Les détails sur ces circonstances sont données dans un encadré semblable à celui-ci.
italiano Questo simbolo vi mette in guardia da superfici molto calde che possono causare
incidenti a voi stessi o ad altre persone.
Troverete informazioni su tali circostanze in un riquadro come questo.
Nederlands Dit symbool maakt U attent op het risico van hete oppervlaktes dat tot verwondingen
voor Uzelf of anderen kunnen leiden.
Bijzonderheden over deze omstandigheden staan in een kader zoals dit.
português Este símbolo alerta para um risco de superfícies quentes que poderão causar um
ferimento ao usuário.
Detalhes referentes a estas circunstâncias encontram-se referidos numa caixa como
esta.
suomea Tämä symboli haluaa kiinnittää huomiotasi kuumiin pintoihin, joiden seurauksena voi
olla itsesi tai muiden henkilöiden loukkaantuminen.
Yksityiskohtaisia tietoja tällaisista tapauksista on tämäntapaisessa ruudussa.
svenska Denna symbol används för situationer där det finns risk för varma ytor som kan ge
personskador om användaren inte följer anvisningarna.
Detaljerad information ges i en ruta som denna.

6-6 0993-5258
 Translations of Warnings

This symbol alerts you to the risk of ultraviolet radiation that could cause eye damage
to yourself or other persons.
Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

dansk Dette symbol gør Dem opmærksom på risikoen for ultraviolet stråling, som kan medføre
ødelæggelse af øjnene for Dem selv eller andre personer.
Detaljer vedrørende disse omstændigheder er indrammet på tilsvarende måde som
denne henvisning.
Deutsch Dieses Symbol warnt vor Gefahr durch UV-Strahlung, die bei Ihnen oder anderen
Personen zu Augenverletzungen führen können.
Einzelheiten darüber sind in einem Rahmen wie diesem angegeben.
español Este símbolo le advierte del peligro de que usted u otras personas sufran lesiones en
los ojos a consecuencia de la radiación ultravioleta.
En los recuadros como éste se proporciona información sobre este tipo de
circunstancias.
français Ce symbole vous avertit d'un risque de rayonnement ultraviolet pouvant occasionner
des lésions oculaires à l'utilisateur ou à d'autres personnes.
Les détails sur ces circonstances sont données dans un encadré semblable à celui-ci.
italiano Questo simbolo vi mette in guardia da radiazione ultravioletta che può causare lesioni
agli occhi a voi stessi o ad altre persone.
Troverete informazioni su tali circostanze in un riquadro come questo.
Nederlands Dit symbool maakt U attent op het risico van ultraviolette straling dat tot verwondingen
voor Uzelf of anderen kan leiden.
Bijzonderheden over deze omstandigheden staan in een kader zoals dit.
português Este símbolo alerta para um risco de radiação ultravioleta que poderá causar
ferimentos aos olhos do usuário.
Detalhes referentes a estas circunstâncias encontram-se referidos numa caixa como
esta.
suomea Tämä symboli haluaa kiinnittää huomiotasi ultraviolettisäteilyn vaaraan, jonka
seurauksena voi olla silmävammat itsellesi tai muille henkilöille.
Yksityiskohtaisia tietoja tällaisista tapauksista on tämäntapaisessa ruudussa.
svenska Denna symbol används för situationer där det finns risk för ultraviolett strålning som kan
ge ögonskador om användaren inte följer anvisningarna.
Detaljerad information ges i en ruta som denna.

0993-5258 6-7
Translations of Warnings

Caution:
The term CAUTION alerts you to situations that could result in serious damage to the
instrument or other equipment.
Details about these circumstances are described in a message similar to this one.
dansk Bemærk:
Angivelsen CAUTION (BEMÆRK) gør Dem opmærksom på situationer, som kan
medføre alvorlig ødelæggelse af apparatet eller andet udstyr.
Detaljer vedrørende disse omstændigheder er beskrevet i henvisninger svarende til
denne.
Deutsch Achtung:
Der Ausdruck CAUTION (ACHTUNG) warnt vor Situationen, die eine ernste
Beschädigung des Geräts oder anderer Systemteile zur Folge haben können.
Einzelheiten darüber sind auf die gleiche Weise wie dieser Text hervorgehoben.
español Advertencia:
El término CAUTION (ADVERTENCIA) le previene de situacones que pueden provocar
averías graves en éste u otros equipos.
En los recuadros como éste se proporciona información sobre este tipo de
circunstancias.
français Attention:
Le terme CAUTION (ATTENTION) vous signale des situations susceptibles de provoquer
de graves détériorations de l'instrument ou d'autre matériel.
Les détails sur ces circonstances figurent dans un message semblable à celui-ci.

6-8 0993-5258
 Translations of Warnings

=Caution (continued)
italiano Attenzione:
Con il termine CAUTION (ATTENZIONE) vi si mette in guardia da situazioni che possono
comportare il serio danneggiamento della strumentazione o di altre apparecchiature.
Troverete informazioni su tali circostanze in un riquadro come questo.
Nederlands Let op:
De term CAUTION (LET OP) maakt U attent op situaties die tot ernstige
beschadigingen aan het instrument of andere apparaten kunnen leiden.
Bijzonderheden over deze omstandigheden worden beschreven in een mededeling gelijk
aan.
português Atenção:
O termo CAUTION (ATENÇÃO) alerta para situações que poderão causar danificação
do aparelho.
Detalhes referentes a estas circunstâncias encontram-se referidos numa caixa como
esta.
suomea Huomio:
CAUTION (HUOMIO) haluaa kiinnittää huomiotasi tilanteisiin, joiden seurauksena voi olla
laitteen tai muiden varusteiden vakava vaurioituminen.
Tällaiset tapaukset selostetaan yksityiskohtaisesti tämäntapaisessa huomautuksessa.
svenska Observera:
Termen CAUTION (OBSERVERA) skall göra användaren uppmärksam på att apparaten
eller annan utrustning kan ta allvarlig skada om anvisningarna inte följs. Detaljerad
information ges i en ruta som denna.

0993-5258 6-9
Translations of Warnings

W1.2
Warning: Unauthorized Adjustments and Servicing
Only a PerkinElmer service engineer or similarly trained and authorized person should be
permitted to service the instrument.
• Do not attempt to make adjustments, replacements, repairs, or modifications to this
instrument except as described in the documentation supplied with the instrument.
dansk Advarsel: Ikke-tilladte indstillinger og arbejder på apparatet
Vedligeholdelse af apparatet er kun tilladt for PerkinElmer kundeservice-ingeniøren eller
tilsvarende uddannede og autoriserede personer.
• Prøv ikke på at foretage indstillinger, udskiftninger, reparationer eller ændringer af
apparatet, som ikke er beskrevet i den dokumentation, der er vedlagt apparatet.
Deutsch Warnung: Unzulässige Arbeiten am Gerät
Wartungs- oder Reparaturarbeiten oder Justierungen, die in der Benutzerdokumentation
zum Gerät nicht beschrieben sind, dürfen nur vom PerkinElmer Kundendienst oder von
entsprechend ausgebildeten und autorisierten Fachkräften ausgeführt werden.
español Advertencia: Ajustes y servicios sin autorización
Tan sólo un ingeniero de Servicio Técnico de PerkinElmer o una persona de formación y
autorización similares podrán realizar trabajos de revisión y mantenimiento del
instrumento.
• No intente realizar ningún tipo de ajuste, sustitución o reparación en este aparato, a
excepción de lo descrito en la Documentación del Usuario que se adjunta.
français Danger: Réglages et entretien non autorisés
Seul un ingénieur du service après vente PerkinElmer ou une personne autorisée et de
même formation sont autorisées à intervenir sur l'instrument.
• Ne pas essayer d'effectuer des réglages, des remplacements, des réparations ou
des modifications sur cet instrument d'une manière autre que celle décrite dans la
documentation fournie avec l'instrument.

6-10 0993-5258
 Translations of Warnings

=Warning (continued) W1.2

italiano Pericolo: Regolazioni e manutenzione non autorizzati

L'asservimento dello strumento è permesso esclusivamente ad un tecnico di assistenza
della PerkinElmer oppure da simile persona addestrata e autorizzata.
• Non provare ad eseguire regolazioni, sostituzioni, riparazioni o modifiche a questo
strumento se non come descritto nella documentazione allegata allo strumento.
Nederlands Waarschuwing: Ongeautoriseerde aanpassingen en service
Alleen een PerkinElmer service-monteur of een gelijksoortig opgeleid en geautoriseerd
persoon mag service verlenen aan het instrument.
• Probeer niet zelf aanpassingen aan dit instrument aan te brengen, het te repareren
of te veranderen behalve zoals beschreven in de documentatie die bij het instrument
geleverd is.
português Aviso: Trabalhos não permitidos no aparelho
Trabalhos de manutenção apenas podem ser executados pelo Serviço Técnico da
PerkinElmer ou por pessoal especializado devidamente formado e autorizado.
• Não tente realizar ajustamentos, substituições, reparações ou modificações neste
aparelho que não estejam descritos na documentação fornecida com o aparelho.
suomea Varo: Luvattomat säätö - ja huoltotyöt
Laitteen huoltotyöt saa antaa vain PerkinElmer -huoltoteknikoiden tai vastaavasti
koulutettujen ja valtuutettujen henkilöiden tehtäväksi.
• Älä tee muita säätö-, vaihto-, korjaus- tai muutostöitä tässä laitteessa kuin sellaisia,
jotka on selostettu laitteen mukana toimitetussa dokumentaatiossa.
svenska Varning: Icke tillåtna arbeten på apparaten
Endast servicepersonal från PerkinElmer eller personal med liknande utbildning och
behörighet får utföra servicearbeten på apparaten.
• Underhålls- eller reparationsarbeten, justeringar eller ändringar som inte finns
beskrivna i användarmanualen till apparaten får inte utföras.

0993-5258 6-11
Translations of Warnings

W3.3
Warning: UV Radiation – Risk of Eye Damage
The lamps may emit UV radiation which can damage your eyes.
• Always wear UV-absorbing safety glasses when aligning the autosampler.
dansk Advarsel: Ultraviolet stråling – farligt for øjnene
Lamperne kan emittere ultraviolet stråling, som kan forårsage øjenskader.
• Bær altid beskyttelsesbriller, som absorberer ultraviolet stråling under prøveautomat-
justeringen.
Deutsch Warnung: UV-Strahlung – Gefährdung der Augen
Die Strahlungsquellen können UV-Strahlung emittieren und dadurch Augenschäden
verursachen.
• Tragen Sie während der Probenautomatjustierung eine Schutzbrille, die die emittierte
UV-Strahlung ausreichend absorbiert.
español Advertencia: Radiación ultravioleta – Peligro de daños a los ojos
Las lámparas pueden emitir radiación utravioleta que puede ser perjudicial para los ojos.
• Al realizar el ajuste del extractor de muestras automático, utilice siempre gafas de
seguridad que absorban este tipo de rayos.
français Danger: Rayonnement UV
Les lampes peuvent émettre des UV susceptibles de provoquer des lésions oculaires.
• Toujours porter des lunettes de protection absorbant les UV pour aligner
l'échantillonneur automatique.

6-12 0993-5258
 Translations of Warnings

=Warning (continued) W3.3

italiano Pericolo: Radiazioni UV – Rischio di lesioni agli occhi

Le lampade possono emettere radiazioni UV che possono lesionare gli occhi.
• Durante l'allineamento dell'autocampionatore indossate sempre occhiali di sicurezza
in grado di assorbire le radiazioni UV.
Nederlands Waarschuwing: Ultraviolette straling – Risico’s voor de ogen
De lampen kunnen UV-straling emitteren en daardoor letsel aan de ogen veroorzaken.
• Draag tijdens de instelling van de automaat een veiligheidsbril die de geïmitteerde
straling voldoende absorbeert.
português Aviso: Radiação UV – perigo para os olhos
As lâmpadas emitem uma radiação UV com intensidades diferentes podendo assim
provocar ferimentos aos olhos.
• Durante o ajuste do automático de ensaio use óculos de protecção que absorvam
suficientemente a radiação UV emitida.
suomea Varo: UV-säteily – silmävammojen vaara
Lamput saattavat lähettää UV-säteilyä, joka voi vahingoittaa silmiä.
• Käytä aina UV-säteilyltä suojaavia suojasilmälaseja, kun säädät näyteautomaattia.
svenska Varning: UV-strålning – risk för ögonskador
Strålningskällorna/lamporna alstrar UV-strålning som kan ge ögonskador.
• Använd alltid skyddsglasögon som absorberar UV-strålar vid inställning av
provningsautomaten.

0993-5258 6-13
Translations of Warnings

W3.5
Warning: UV Radiation – Risk of Eye Damage
When the graphite furnace is heated to incandescence, e.g. during the atomization step,
the furnace can emit UV radiation which can damage your eyes.
• Always wear UV-absorbing safety glasses when looking at the furnace.
dansk Advarsel: Ultraviolet stråling – farligt for øjnene
Når grafitdelene fra den opvarmede grafitovn gløder, dvs. under forstøvningstrinet, kan
de emittere ultraviolet stråling, som kan forårsage øjenskader.
• Bær altid beskyttelsesbriller, som absorberer ultraviolet stråling, når De ser ind i
ovnen.
Deutsch Warnung: UV-Strahlung – Gefährdung der Augen
Die glühenden Graphitteile des aufgeheizten Graphitofens emittieren UV-Strahlung und
können dadurch Augenschäden verursachen.
• Tragen Sie eine Schutzbrille, die die emittierte UV-Strahlung ausreichend absorbiert,
wenn Sie in oder auf den heißen Ofen schauen.
español Advertencia: Radiación ultravioleta – Peligro de daños a los ojos
Cuando el horno de grafito se caliente hasta la incandescencia, p.ej. durante la fase de
atomización, este horno puede emitir radiación ultravioleta perjudicial para los ojos.
• Al mirar al horno utilice siempre gafas de seguridad que absorban este tipo de rayos.
français Danger: Rayonnement UV
Lorsque le four en graphite est porté à incandescence, par exemple pendant l'étape
d'atomisation, il peut émettre des UV susceptibles de provoquer des lésions oculaires.
• Toujours porter des lunettes de protection absorbant les UV pour regarder le four.


6-14 0993-5258
 Translations of Warnings

=Warning (continued) W3.5

italiano Pericolo: Radiazioni UV – Rischio di lesioni agli occhi

Quando il forno a grafite è riscaldato sino all'incandescenza, per esempio durante la fase
di atomizzazione, esso può emettere radiazioni UV che possono lesionare gli occhi.
• Quando guardate nel forno indossate sempre occhiali di sicurezza in grado di
assorbire le radiazioni UV.
Nederlands Waarschuwing: Ultraviolette straling – Risico’s voor de ogen
De gloeiende grafietdeeltjes van de verhitte grafietoven emitteren UV-straling en kunnen
daardoor letsel aan de ogen veroorzaken.
• Draag altijd een veiligheidsbril, die de geëmitteerde UV-straling voldoende
absorbeert, wanneer U in of naar de hete oven moet kijken.
português Aviso: Radiação UV – perigo para os olhos
As peças de grafite em brasa dentro do forno de grafite aquecido (p. ex. durante a fase
de atomização) emitem radiações UV podendo assim provocar ferimentos aos olhos.
• Use sempre óculos de protecção que absorvam suficientemente a radiação UV
emitida ao olhar directamente para dentro do forno quente.
suomea Varo: UV-säteily – silmävammojen vaara
Kun grafiittiuuni kuumenee valkohehkuun asti, esim. sumutusvaiheen aikana, uuni
saattaa lähettää UV-säteilyä, joka voi vahingoittaa silmiä.
• Käytä aina UV-säteilyltä suojaavia suojasilmälaseja, kun katsot uuniin.
svenska Varning: UV-strålning – risk för ögonskador
De glödande grafitdelarna i den uppvärmda grafitugnen alstrar UV-strålning, t ex under
finfördelningsfasen, och kan därför skada ögonen.
• Använd alltid skyddsglasögon som absorberar UV-strålar när du tittar mot den varma
ugnen.

0993-5258 6-15
Translations of Warnings

W4.3
Warning: High Temperatures – Risk of Burns
The graphite furnace can generate very high temperatures.
• Do not touch any parts of the furnace, especially the graphite components, until they
have cooled to room temperature.
dansk Advarsel: Høje temperaturer – Fare for forbrændinger
Grafitovnen kan udvikle meget høje temperaturer.
• Berør aldrig nogen af ovnens dele, især ikke grafitdelene, før de er kølet ned til
stuetemperatur.
Deutsch Warnung: Verbrennungsgefahr
• Vergewissern Sie sich, daß der Ofen auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt ist, bevor Sie
Ihn anfassen oder öffnen.
español Advertencia: Altas temperaturas – Riesgo de quemaduras
El horno de grafito puede alcanzar temperaturas muy altas.
• Asegúrese, antes de tocar cualquier parte del horno, sobre todo sus componentes
de grafito, de que éste se haya enfriado hasta alcanzar la temperatura ambiente.
français Danger: Températures élevées – Risque de brûlures
Le four en graphite peut générer de très hautes températures.
• Ne toucher aucun des éléments du four, en particulier les composants en graphite,
avant qu'ils n'aient refroidi à la température ambiante.
italiano Pericolo: Alte temperature – Rischio di ustioni
Il forno a grafite può generare temperature estremamente elevate.
• Non toccare nessun componente del forno, soprattutto i componenti in grafite, sino a
che essi non si sono raffreddati sino a raggiungere temperatura ambiente.
Nederlands Waarschuwing: Hoge temperaturen – Verbrandingsgevaar
De grafietoven kan zeer hoge tenperaturen bereiken.
• De oven en in het bijzonder de grafietonderdelen pas aanraken als ze tot
kamertemperatuur afgekoeld zijn.
português Aviso: Altas temperaturas – perigo de queimaduras
O forno de grafite pode alcançar temperaturas muito elevadas.
• Não toque em nenhuma peça do forno, especialmente nos componentes de grafite,
até terem alcançado a temperatura ambiente.
suomea Varo: Korkeat lämpötilat – palovammavaara
Grafiittiuuni voi kehittää erittäin korkeita lämpötiloja.
• Älä kosketa mitään uunin osia, tämä koskee erityisesti grafiittikomponentteja, ennen
kuin ne ovat jäähtyneet huoneenlämpötilaan.
svenska Varning: Höga temperaturer – risk för brännskador
Grafitugnen kan nå mycket höga temperaturer.
• Vidrör inte ugnen och framför allt inte grafitdelarna förrän de svalnat till
rumstemperatur.

6-16 0993-5258
 Translations of Warnings

W6.1
Warning: Toxic Gases
If you use nitrogen as the inert gas, toxic cyanogen gas (CN)2 will be produced when the
furnace temperature is above 2300 °C.
• Make sure that the main laboratory fume ventilation system removes all gases and
fumes emitted by the furnace.
dansk Advarsel: Giftig forbrændingsgas
Ved anvendelse af kvælstof som inertgas dannes der giftig dicyan (CN)2 ved
ovntemperaturer over 2300 °C.
• Forvis Dem om, at hoved-udsugningsanlægget udsuger de forbrændingsgasser,
som emitteres af ovnen.
Deutsch Warnung: Giftiges Abgas
Bei Verwendung von Stickstoff als Inertgas bildet sich bei Ofentemperaturen über
2300 °C giftiges Dicyan (CN)2.
• Es muß sichergestellt sein, daß die aus dem Graphitofen austretenden Abgase von
der Haupt-Absauganlage sicher abgesaugt werdenΚ
español Advertencia: Gases tóxicos
Si se utiliza nitrógeno puro como gas inerte, al aumentar la temperatura del horno por
encima de 2300 °C se producirá gas cianógeno (CN)2, que es tóxico.
• Cerciórese de que el sistema principal de extracción de humos elimine todos los
gases y humos emitidos por el horno.
français Danger: Gaz toxiques
Si de l'azote est utilisé comme gaz inerte, du gaz cyanogène (CN)2 toxique se forme
lorsque la température du four dépasse 2300 °C.
• Vérifier que le système principal d'extraction des fumées élimine tous les gaz et
fumées émis par le four.

0993-5258 6-17
Translations of Warnings

=Warning (continued) W6.1

italiano Pericolo: Gas tossici

Se usate l'azoto quale gas inerte allora, quando il forno raggiunge temperature al di sopra
di 2300 °C, si formerà del gas cianogeno tossico (CN)2.
• Assicuratevi che l'impianto principale di estrazione fumi del laboratorio elimini tutti i
gas e le esalazioni emesse dal forno.
Nederlands Waarschuwing: Giftig afvoergas
Bij gebruik van stikstof als inertiegas wordt bij een oventemperatuur van meer dan
2300 °C het giftige dycyaan (CN)2 gevormd.
• Zorg ervoor dat alle gassen en dampen die uit de grafietoven komen, door de
hoofdafzuiging worden afgezogen.
português Aviso: Gás de escape venenoso
Ao utilizar nitrogénio como gás inerte a uma temperatura de forno superior a 2300 °C,
forma-se cianeto (CN)2 venenoso.
• Assegure-se de que os gases de escape que saem do forno são seguramente
aspirados pelo sistema exaustor principal.
suomea Varo: Myrkylliset kaasut
Jos käytät inerttikaasuna typpeä, syntyy myrkyllistä syaanikaasua (CN)2 , jos uunin
lämpötila on yli 2300 °C.
• Varmistu siitä, että laboratorion savunpoistojärjestelmä poistaa kaikki uunista
lähtevät kaasut ja savukaasut.
svenska Varning: Giftiga gaser
Om kväve används som inert gas bildas en giftig cyangas (CN)2 när ugnstemperaturen
överstiger 2300 C.
• Se till att utsugssystemet suger ut alla gaser och ångor som avges i ugnen.

6-18 0993-5258
 Translations of Warnings

W9.1
Warning: Moving Parts – Risk of Injury
Some moving parts of the instrument are accessible in normal operation.
• Keep hands, clothing and other objects away from the moving parts of the instrument.
dansk Advarsel: Bevægelige dele – Fare for kvæstelser
Nogle af apparatets bevægelige dele er tilgængelige ved normal betjening.
• Hold hænder, tøj og andre genstande borte fra apparatets bevægelige dele.
Deutsch Warnung: Bewegliche Teile – Verletzungsgefahr
Bei normalem Betrieb sind bewegliche Teile des Geräts zugänglich.
• Hände, Kleidung und andere Gegenstände von den beweglichen Teilen des Geräts
fernhalten.
español Advertencia: Peligro mecánico
Algunas de las partes móviles del aparato son accesibles durante su funcionamiento
normal.
• Mantenga las manos, la ropa y otros objetos alejados de las partes móviles del
equipo.
français Danger: Parties en mouvement – Risque d'accident corporel
Certaines parties en mouvement de l'instrument sont accessibles en fonctionnement
normal.
• Tenir les mains, vêtements et autres objets éloignés des parties en mouvement de
l'instrument.

0993-5258 6-19
Translations of Warnings

=Warning (continued) W9.1

italiano Pericolo: Parti in movimento – Pericolo di infortunio

Alcune delle parti in movimento dello strumento sono accessibili anche durante il normale
funzionamento.
• Tenete le mani, gli indumenti e altri oggetti lontano dalle parti in movimento dello
strumento.
Nederlands Waarschuwing: Bewegende delen – Verwondingsgevaar
Sommige bewegende delen van het instrument kunnen aangeraakt worden tijdens de
normale werking.
• Handen, kleding en andere voorwerpen uit de buurt van de bewegende delen van het
instrument houden.
português Aviso: Peças móveis – perigo de ferimento
Algumas peças móveis do aparelho podem ser acedidas durante o funcionamento
normal.
• Mantenha afastados das peças móveis do aparelho as mãos, o vestuário e outros
objectos.
suomea Varo: Liikkuvat osat – loukkaantumisvaara
Muutamiin laitteen liikkuviin osiin on mahdollista päästä käsiksi normaalikäytön aikana.
• Pidä kädet, vaatteet ja muut esineet loitolla laitteen liikkuvista osista.
svenska Varning: Rörliga delar – risk för skador
En del rörliga delar på apparaten är åtkomliga vid normal användning.
• Se till att händer, kläder eller andra föremål inte kommer i närheten av apparatens
rörliga delar.

6-20 0993-5258
 Index

0993-5258 In-1
In-2 0993-5258
 Index

A filling the rinsing system 2-15 C

fitting to spectrometer 2-6
aligning autosampler arm 2-17 changing
flushing the rinsing system
aligning graphite tube 3-8 graphite contacts 3-17
2-15, 3-32
alignment controls graphite shield ring 3-12
flushing the valves 3-32
autosampler 2-18 graphite tube 3-12
IEC 1010 compliance 5-17
argon 5-8 changing fuses
installing 2-5
cooling system 3-30
atomizer installing a new pipet 3-43
selecting 2-14 installing sample tray cover checking valves 3-34
atomizer compartment door 2-11 checklist
raising and lowering 2-3 installing sample trays and autosampler maintenance 3-5
removing and refitting 2-4 containers 2-11 cooling system maintenance
maintenance 3-31 3-4
autosampler
mass 5-17 furnace maintenance 3-4
adjusting immersion depth in
operating cycle 5-16 checklists for maintenance tasks
sample cup 2-21
parts provided 4-8 3-4
adjusting penetration depth in
pumps 5-13 cleaning
graphite tube 2-17
removing from spectrometer furnace windows 3-24, 3-26
aligning autosampler arm
2-6 graphite contact surfaces 3-10
2-17
removing rinse pump valves graphite contacts 3-9
aligning pump heads 3-46
3-36 graphite tube 3-9
alignment controls 2-18
repairing a pipet 3-41 pump heads 3-38
alignment procedures 2-17
replacement parts 4-9 valves 3-38
checking penetration depth in
replacement pump parts 4-10
graphite tube 2-19 closing the furnace 3-8
rinsing solutions 2-16, 3-33
checking valves 3-34 after contact change 3-23
sample and reagent
connecting drain tube and conditioning the graphite tube
containers 5-15
waste bottle 2-8 3-15
sample cups and reagent
connecting rinse feed tubes and controlling the autosampler 5-15
containers 2-12
rinse bottle 2-9
sample table 5-13 cooling system (recirculating)
controlling 5-15
setting up 2-15 to 2-23 changing the fuse 3-30
design 5-13
types of sample tray 2-11 description 5-9
dimensions 5-17
unlocking autosampler arm dimensions 5-12
electrical protection 5-17
2-17 emptying 3-27
environmental requirements
valve maintenance 3-32 maintenance 3-27
5-17
viewing inside graphite tube mass 5-12
during alignment 2-18 power requirements 5-12
weight 5-17 refilling 3-29
autosampler maintenance safety and EMC standards
checklist 3-5 5-12
technical data 5-12
weight 5-12

0993-5258 In-3
Index

cooling system maintenance opening for contact change design 5-4

checklist 3-4 3-18 heating 3-10
cooling the furnace system 5-9 principle of heating 5-3 heating manually 3-16
correct use of the instrument 1-3 programs 5-10 inserting 3-8
safety and EMC standards removing 3-7
customer service 7
5-11 temperature control 5-5
cyanogen 5-8 safety features 5-11
technical data 5-10 H
D viewing inside graphite tube heating
dimensions 2-18 furnace 5-5
cooling system 5-12 maximum power 5-5
furnace cooling 5-9
furnace autosampler 5-17 time-controlled 5-5
furnace heating
E principle 5-3 heating manually 3-16
electrical protection 5-11 furnace maintenance heating the graphite tube 3-10
autosampler 5-17 checklist 3-4
furnace technique
I
electromagnetic compatibility
setting up 2-13 immersion depth of pipet tip in
5-11, 5-12
sample cup 2-21
emptying the cooling system furnace windows
cleaning 3-24, 3-26 inert gas
3-27
refitting 3-24 argon 5-8
external protective gas flow 5-7 nitrogen 5-8
removing 3-24
F fuses inserting a L’vov platform 3-13
ferrules cooling system 3-30 inserting graphite tube 3-8
fitting 3-40 installing
filling the autosampler rinsing
G graphite shield ring 3-12
system 2-15 gas purging system 5-6 left-hand contact 3-21
gas requirements, furnace 5-10 right-hand contact 3-22
fitting autosampler to
spectrometer 2-6 graphite components 4-4 installing the autosampler 2-5
fitting ferrules 3-40 graphite contact surfaces internal purge gas flow 5-7
flushing the autosampler 2-15, cleaning 3-10
graphite contacts
L
3-32
changing 3-17 L’vov platform
furnace inserting 3-13
closing 3-8 cleaning 3-9
design 5-4 left-hand contact
closing after contact change
graphite shield ring installing 3-21
3-23
installing 3-12 removing 3-20
design 5-3
gas requirements 5-10 graphite tube literature on electrothermal
gas system, description 5-6 aligning 3-8 atomization 5-18
heating 5-5 changing 3-12 lowering the atomizer compart-
maintenance 3-6 cleaning 3-9 ment door 2-3
opening 3-7 conditioning 3-15

In-4 0993-5258
 Index

M pump heads S
aligning 3-46
maintenance safety
cleaning 3-38
autosampler 3-31 correct use of the instrument
autosampler valves 3-32 pumps on the autosampler 5-13 1-3
cooling system 3-27 purge gas 5-7 safety and EMC standards 5-11,
furnace 3-6 5-12
maintenance tasks
R
safety information
checklists 3-4 raising the atomizer compartment
cyanogen 5-8
door 2-3
manual heating 3-16 nitrogen 5-8
ramp time 5-5
mass sample cups 2-12
autosampler 5-17 reagent containers 2-12 sample tray cover
cooling system 5-12 refilling the cooling system 3-29 installing 2-11
matrix modifier 4-6 refitting the atomizer compart- sample trays 2-11
maximum power heating 5-5 ment door 2-4
selecting the atomizer 2-14
temperature control 5-5 regulatory information setting up
electromagnetic for furnace 2-13
N compatibility 5-11, 5-12
setting up the autosampler
nitrogen 5-8 removing
2-15 to 2-23
safety information 5-8 graphite tube 3-7
left-hand contact 3-20 special gas 5-6, 5-7
normal gas 5-6
right-hand contact 3-19 STPF concept
O removing autosampler from
L’vov platform 5-4
opening the furnace 3-7 maximum power heating 5-5
spectrometer 2-6
for contact change 3-18 zero gas flow 5-8
removing the atomizer compart-
P ment door 2-4 T
repairing a pipet 3-41 technical data
parts provided
replacement parts 4-3 cooling system 5-12
with furnace autosampler 4-8
autosampler 4-9 furnace 5-10
penetration depth of pipet tip in
autosampler pumps 4-10 furnace autosampler 5-17
graphite tube 2-17, 2-19
HGA graphite furnace temperature control
PerkinElmer service 3-3 gas and cooling systems of the graphite tube 5-5
pipet 4-7
time-controlled heating 5-5
installing 3-43 graphite components 4-4
repairing 3-41 tools 4-6
tools 4-6
pipet tip window components 4-6 U
immersion depth in sample replacing fuses unlocking autosampler arm 2-17
cup 2-21 cooling system 3-30
penetration depth in graphite right-hand contact
tube 2-17, 2-19 installing 3-22
power requirements removing 3-19
cooling system 5-12

0993-5258 In-5
Index

V
valves
assembling and installing
3-38
checking 3-34
cleaning 3-38
maintenance 3-32
removing from rinse pump
3-36
viewing inside graphite tube
2-18

W
weight
autosampler 5-17
cooling system 5-12
window components 4-6
windows
refitting 3-24
removing 3-24

In-6 0993-5258
 Customer Service

Company Name and Addresses

U.S.A.: Germany:
PerkinElmer LLC PerkinElmer
761 Main Avenue Verkauf und Service
Norwalk, Connecticut 06859-0010 Rengoldshauser Strasse 11
U.S.A. 88662 Ueberlingen
Phone: 800-762-4000 or Germany
(+1) 203-762-4000 Phone: (49-7551) 919-0
Fax: (+1) 203-762-4228 Fax: (49-7551) 919-149

United Kingdom: PerkinElmer on the Internet:

PerkinElmer Ltd. http://www.perkinelmer.com
Post Office Lane
Beaconsfield, Bucks, HP9 1QA
England
Phone: (44-1494) 676161
Fax: (44-1494) 67-9331 & -9333

Supplies, replacement parts, and accessories

Supplies, replacement parts, and accessories can be ordered directly from PerkinElmer,
using the part numbers quoted in the guides provided with the instrument.
PerkinElmer’s catalog service offers a full selection of high-quality supplies.
To place an order for supplies and many replacement parts, request a free catalog, or ask
for information:
– If you are located within the U.S., call toll free 1-800-762-4002, 8 a.m. to
8 p.m. EST. Your order will be shipped promptly, usually within 24 hours.
– If you are located outside of the U.S., call your local PerkinElmer sales or service
office.
PerkinElmer Instruments
761 Main Avenue, Norwalk, CT 06859-0010, U.S.A.,
Tel: 1-800-762-4000 or 1-203-762-4000
Fax: 1-203-762-4228
Internet: http://www.perkinelmer.com

Part Number 0993-5258 Release 5