Inciong Mariella Alyzza L.

MEXE- 3102
Manalo, Reniel F.

Laboratory 0
LTspice Laboratory

I. OBJECTIVES

 To know the components of the LTSpice software.

II. MATERIALS/APPARATUS

 Laptop

III. PROCEDURE

A1: Bias Point Measurements for Resistive Circuits

1) Create the circuit above in LTSpice and display the current, voltage and
power values for the circuit similar to the diagram below. The sample image
below has different component values but gives an idea of what you need to
show.
 Note: If you are confident that you can do this without step-by-step instruction
you can skip to A2. Step-by-step instructions are below.
2) Find and Add the Component (shortcut “F2”), VDC, by typing “voltage”.
Press “OK”.
a. A DC voltage source should follow your cursor.
b. Left click to place. Press ESC to keep from duplicating. (If you make a
mistake, you can press CTRL-V to cut the component).
c. Move your cursor over the component. When a hand pointing left appears,
right click, to edit the value of the DC voltage. Change the value to 5V.
3) Add resistors. (shortcut “R”). Press CTRL-R to rotate. Right click to
place and ESC to keep from duplicating.
a. They should be default labelled R1 and R2.
b. Change values of R1 and R2 to 1.5k and 3.2k respectively by right clicking the
component.
4) Connect the DC source and the two resistors in a closed loop by
placing wire connections between each component. (shortcut “F3”) Click on one
of the square boxes connected to a circuit component and then move the mouse
and click on another square box to place a wire connection.
5) Add a ground connection. (shortcut “G”) You MUST use a ground in
every circuit you simulate. Be sure to wire this as well.

Setting Operating Point DC Analysis

b. Press shortcut “t” on your keyboard then change radio button to “SPICE
directive” then add text “.op” in the text box below it
c. Press “s” on your keyboard which automatically selects “SPICE directive” then
add text “.op” in the text box below it
2) Place .op anywhere near the circuit
3) Run the simulation. (Click the “Running person” in the toolbox.)
4) Results will appear in a dialog box.
5) Label the circuit with voltage, current, and power by placing operating
point data labels.
a. FOR VR2:
i. Right click on the wire to the right of R1 (this is the voltage above R2,
Vn002 to ground which is the voltage across R2, VR2).
ii. Right click to change the number of significant figures. For two decimal
places use round(data label*100)/100. For three significant figures multiply and
divide by 1000. For four 10000 etc. 5
iii. Press ok, and move the label anywhere convenient using the “Move”
hand on the toolbar
b. FOR IR2
i. Right click on the wire to the right of R1 again. It will show voltage but
you will change it by right clicking on it and choosing I(R2) which will show in the
text box
ii. Be sure to round this value to significant figures. Note: LTSpice
assumes conventional current flows from positive to negative terminal of the
power supply (pointing down). Therefore all resistors current will be labelled as
negative in LTSpice. To make positive simply add a negative in front of I(R1) and
I(R2).
c. For PR2
i. An equation can be written P=VI with rounding to significant figures is
included round(I(R2)*V(n002)*10000)/10000
d. Add text above all the numerical labels by pressing “t”. The radio button should
automatically be on “Comment”. Type VR2 in the text box for example and place
near the value in the figure.

e. Repeat this process for the voltage current and power for R1 and power for the
voltage source in your figure. Remember VR1 is the difference between points
V(n001) and V(n002) in the diagram. Also remember power supplied must equal
power absorbed by the resistors!
IV. RESULTS/SOLUTIONS

A1: Bias Point Measurements for Resistive Circuits

1) a. When R1 and R2 are changed from 1.5k to 15k and 3.2k to 32k consecutively,
the voltage measurements remain the same while the current measurements
differ. The value of the current decreases when the values of the resistors are
changed. The results are consistent with expectations. According to Ohm’s Law,
current in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional
to the resistance. Therefore, it is expected that the current will decrease when
the value of the resistors are increased. The results show exactly what is
expected.

b. Since the current decreases its value when the resistor increases, the power
levels go down. Power is simply the product of current and voltage so it can be
expressed in the equations: P=IV, P=V2/R and P=I2R. The equation P=V2/R
implies that the lower the resistance connected to a given voltage source, the
greater the power delivered. Subsequently, the resistors are changed to a larger
value thus, this explains why the power levels go down.
c.

2)

a. The current did not make any changes in values even when R1 and R2
changed because both circuit has current source that delivers a current of 5mA.
Since the circuits have a current source, it has to keep the current constant.
 b. The power decreases when the resistors are reduced back to their 1.5k and
3.2k values. As it is a current source, it has to keep the current constant, and so
voltage across the resistance will go up with any increase on resistance value.
So to keep the current constant, the voltage decreases even the resistor has
much lesser value. The decrease in voltage means decrease in power. This
explains why the power decreases even when the resistor decreases its value.

c.
Calculated Values/Solutions
 V. CONCLUSION

LTSpice is a free analog circuit simulator that is very useful especially to students
like us. According to the experiment, LTspice provides precise and accurate results.
Theoritical and computed results are compared and there is less to no percentage error
between them. It displays the voltage, current, and power values for the given circuit.
Users can manipulate results and values so that they can make changes to the circuit if
necessary. This concludes that this software can provide defined results and is good to
use for simulations.