SYNOPSIS
Parallel to the development of all segments of the society, comes the
development of the thought and the understanding of people about the existence of
differences between them, as well as respect and acceptance of the same.
According to UNESCO, Inclusive Education refers to the ability of the school to
provide quality education for all children regardless of their differences. The school
should be open for all the pupils with special attention to children w. disabilities and the
children from marginalized groups. All of the children should be part of the school
community regardless of their strengths and weaknesses in certain areas. Every child’s
right must be respected and the state has a responsibility to provide equal conditions for
education of the children.
In this case study entitled “The perception on Inclusive Education of Guardians
for Children with Disabilities in Barangay Banza”, the researchers aimed to determine
the perception of guardians about Inclusive Education. It is conducted at Barangay
Banza particularly P-4 Lower Banza, and P-3 Osmeña, Banza Butuan City.
Barangay Banza is composed of 8 purok namely; P-1 Galaxy, P-2 Lilo, P-3A
Osmeña, P-4 Lower Banza , P-3B Osmeña, P-5 St. Lucia, P-6 Lower Tumampi, and
Purok 7 Upper Tumampi. There are two big factories build, the CCC (Celebes Coconut
Corporation) and Pramac Incorporation, where most of the people in the community
worked on the said factories to sustain their daily needs.
FINDINGS
Respondent #1
Name of guardian: Francis Torralba
Name of child: Francin Torralba
Age: 13 yrs.old
Address : Brgy. Banza P-3
Disorder: Undiagnosed
Problems Found in the Case
The child is undiagnosed; they didn’t go to hospital for check-ups. Another
problem in this case is that parents of the child didn’t want to send their child to school
to prevent from bullying, and they don’t have enough time to be with the child everyday
in sending her to school. In addition, the perception of the parents of the child about
Inclusive Education is that it is good for the child to become more active in school.
Respondent #2
Name of guardian: Melanie Lanogo
Name of child: Rods Kian Redoble
Age: 5 yrs.old
Address: Brgy. Banza P-4
Disorder: Down syndrome
Problems Found in the Case
The child’s disorder is Down syndrome. The problem in this case is, the child is
lack of socialization and he has difficulties in speaking even the words “Mama and
Papa” that is why Mrs. Lanogon sees Inclusive Education as a way to make his son
learn the way other normal children also learns specially in speaking. In Vygotsky
"Socio-Cultural Theory" language serve as social function and through language the
child able to socialize. In addition, the perception of Mrs. Lanogon about Inclusive
Education is that it is good for the child to make him socialize and give their child
confidence by interacting with others.
RESPONDENT#3
Name of the Guardian: Anabelle Mongaya
Name of the child: Kenneth Mongaya
Age: 15 years old
Address: P-3 Osmeña Banza, Butuan City
Disorder: ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
Problem found in the case
In this case, the child has an ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).
Despite of his disorder his intellectual skills are different from the other children with
disabilities because he has the ability to read different kind of books with different
languages even if he didn't have a full inclusion. The problem now is that the child didn't
want to go to school again because of his teacher. Why? Because one time when she
ask her Son, her son answered her “I don’t want to go to school again because my
teacher is dumb." after that incident her mother went to school in order to testify his
child’s judgments towards his teacher. When Mrs. Mongaya went to school she found
out that her child’s judgment is true because the other student do their activity with very
basic lessons. Then she realize that his child's intellectual capacity is different from
other children with disabilities in short her son has a higher IQ (Intelligence Quotient)
compared to other students.
According to the study of Kristine McCarty of Azusa Pacific University entitled
"The benefit and Disadvantages of Inclusive Schooling" stated that others believe that
separate special education classes are the most beneficial for exceptional children
needing help beyond the skill level of a general educator.
In this case, since the child has a higher IQ he must not belong to the group of pupils
where their intellectual capacity is lower than the child. Therefore, the child must be with
the group person that has the same capacity of the child in order to feel belongingness
of the environment.
DISCUSSION
Respondent #1
Problem Found in the Case: Undiagnosed Child
Alternative Solution: Consult to a Psychologist
ADVANTAGES OF CONSULTING TO PSYCHOLOGIST
Individuals have different perceptions when it comes to Inclusive Education. The
way they perceive it into the society is very much essential that might give great
contribution. Children with disabilities truly need attention and proper watch in order to
fulfill their physiological and psychological needs. Psychologist, on the other hand has
their pivotal role on the society as well as to the community. It helps children with
disability examine their conditions in a way of visiting their clinic with specific given
schedule. One of those advantages are; you get to check and challenge your own
diagnosis. The test you can identify the improvement of the patient and the status itself
by undergoing a personal examination of the child, it feelings and emotions can gain a
much better understanding of those around him/her. One of the biggest benefits to
people of conducting an examination and visiting a Psychologist is the emotional growth
that generally results from a full program of behavioral therapy.
DISADVANTAGES OF CONSULTING TO PSYCHOLOGIST
In spite of its benefit that we can get by consulting a psychologist, it also present
its disadvantages that and individual or a parent may encounter. For example, by
consulting a psychologist each must need the presence of finance in order to
communicate and examine the child and also it may take advantages in a way by which
a parent/guardian may prefer to put some schedule in order to meet the physician or the
psychologist that may help to examine the findings of his or her child.
Problem Found in the Case: Prone to Bullying
Alternative Solution: Teacher-Student Orientation
Advantage of Teacher-Student Orientation
The teacher will serve as role model in guiding his/her students in a way that the
teacher will discipline his/her students to avoid conflict that may result to bullying. In
teacher-students orientation all the people in the classroom will be oriented about each
other’s differences and through this it will build a good relationship that may help the
children with disabilities feel the belongingness of the environment.
Disadvantage of Teacher-Student Orientation
We can’t deny the fact that not all students in the classroom will respect the
differences of the child because the children see things immaturely. Hence, it is their
way in making conflict between his/her co-students.
Respondent #2
Problem Found in the Case: Lack of Socialization, Difficulties in Speaking
Alternative Solution: Enroll in Inclusive Education
ADVANTAGE IN ENROLLING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Advantage of inclusive education In Inclusive Education pupils with a particular
disorder, in this (inclusive) environment, will progress better in social and academic view
through the help of language-serves as social function based on "Vygotsky's Socio-
Cultural Theory". These students will be better prepared for the life in the community
and at the same time will avoid negative effects of exclusion. "Children who learn, learn
to live together". Regular pupils in the inclusive classroom can be an example of
appropriate behavior in the classroom for the children with special needs. It is further
believed that the successful inclusion helps learners with typical development to
develop positive attitudes towards children/ persons with disabilities and in future it
would lead to adaptation of social principles that will be based on equality and
establishment of a harmonious society. Through the inclusion of children with special
educational needs in regular classes, they have been taught how to control aggressive
behavior, and they are offered with assistance in developing a broad world view and to
move away from egocentrism and due to the stay in the regular groups, their self-
esteem and self-confidence is encouraged.
Hence, inclusive education does not only make the child knows how to socialize
at the same time make the child progressive holistically.
DISADVANTAGE IN ENROLLING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Special schools and special classrooms within regular schools where places in
which children with special educational needs were accommodate, upbringing and
educated, and the regular school (with its overall structure) was adjusted and was in
function of the regular pupils. The inclusive education opened the doors of the regular
schools, regular teaching, and for the children with special needs, but what is
emphasize is that the process of inclusion of children with special needs require
changes in many segments (changes in the overall organization) of the regular
schooling because the inclusion of these children does not means only their placement
in the regular school, but inclusion in regular classes should ensure and provide quality
upbringing. The other disadvantage of inclusive education is the assimilation- process of
fitting a new experience into an existing or previously created cognitive structure or
schema (Piaget's Stages Cognitive Development Theory) specially when the child used
to live to the environment where he is comfortable with.
Respondent #3
Problem found in the Case: Teacher Factor
Alternative Solution: Republic Act 5250 Ten Year Teaching Training Program
ADVANTAGES OF THE TEN YEAR TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAM
Teacher’s involvement in Inclusive Education plays a big role in developing
child’s cognitive aspects. To be able to achieve and developed the child’s capacities
and abilities the teacher should attend different seminars and trainings to have an
effective teaching style and to become an effective educator. The other advantage of
attending these event is that a wealth of knowledge is usually presented by many
speakers. Aside from that a sense of camaraderie, where individuals can meet others
with the same interest, problems, concerns that they may have in the chosen field. In
addition, a nice vacation in usually, a good hotel, most seminars take place in quality
hotels, as this is part of the incentive to attracting attendees.
DISADVANTAGES OF THE TEN YEAR TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAM
In spite of its advantages attending seminars and trainings have also
disadvantages first is that cost. All attendees must absorb their own costs. The
seminars themselves sometimes also have an entry fee that can be quite high. All travel
costs, food costs, hotel costs and other miscellaneous costs must be absorbed by the
attendees. Second, the time spent away from your actual business, or life to attend.
Time is always a concern when scheduling activities and some individuals simply can't
spare the time away from their lives for activities such as this. Lastly, the chance that
the attendees will expect too much from a seminar and thus be disappointed.
RESPONDENT #2
Problem Found in the Case: Environmental Factors that Affect the Cognitive
Development
Alternative Solution: IEP Individualized Education Program
ADVANTAGE OF IEP INDIVIDUALIZED EDUCATION PROGRAM
The individual with Disabilities education act (IDEA) proclaims the right for all the
children, including those with special needs to receive a free and appropriate public
education. It is therefore the duty of the public school to determine what is “appropriate
“for a student considering their particular handicap. Another advantage of Individualized
Education Program (IEP) is that before, a child is placed in Special Education an
assessment must be completed to explore the suspected areas of disability. It is
important to to note that all students with a diagnosed condition such as (ADHD or
Asperger’s Disorder) will qualify for Special Education, if it can be shown that the child
can function adequately in their General Education despite their condition.
DISADVANTAGE OF IEP INDIVIDUALIZED EDUCATION PROGRAM
Personalized learning and individualized instruction are now recognized as
crucial elements of student-centric teaching that fosters real progress and achievement.
However, there are several disadvantages to this individualized instruction. First, the
time that you lose with the other students, can never be replaced. The other students
might see that you are taking quite a bit more time dealing with certain behaviors (even
if they aren’t done on purpose) with this other student and they can start to act out
themselves in an attempt to have more time with their teacher. Control of the classroom
can easily be lost if students try to model the student that is receiving individualized
instruction. In addition, the student might rely on your individualized instruction, and they
are unable to perform without the assistance of the educator by their side. This takes a
long transition period to motivate students to participate in lessons or projects
independently, even though this is the expectation we have of everyone else. Another
disadvantage of individualized instruction amongst a classroom of individuals, is that if
teachers modify instruction extremely throughout the classroom, students that are high
achievers might not continue to have the same individualized instruction in the following
year, leaving them reviewing information, or bored; which can then cause behavior
issues. Not every educator places emphasis on each child’s learning performance and
abilities. Learning plans based on their need, and instruction within the classroom. Often
times, the first step in us determining what needs to be done is separating these
children, keeping them closer to us so that we can keep their behaviors under closer
control and stop any negative behaviors from happening. Educators often also spend
quite a bit more time individually with these students to help them remain focused and
understand what behavior is appropriate and inappropriate.
CONCLUSION
The researchers concluded that Inclusive Education is a way to help the children,
especially those children having disabilities based on the perceptions of the parents
because it enables them to socialize with those other normal child. Through Inclusive
Education, it also helps the child to know different kind of things and develop their skills
in spite of their disabilities. The researchers came up the idea that through the parents,
the disability itself is not a hindrance for their child to pursue their studies. It matters only
to the child on how he/she will go through the situation in spite of the “big wall” that life
has.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The researchers strongly recommend that identifying the current condition of the
child is also important through the help of a health professional because through their
diagnosis the people inside the microsystem- the smallest and most immediate
environment in which the child lives. It comprises the daily home, school or daycare,
peer group community environment of the child (Bonfebrenner's Ecological System
Theory) will have self-awareness and respect to other's uniqueness.
Teachers in inclusive classroom should also do an scaffolding- term for the
appropriate assistance given by the teachers to assist the learner accomplish task
(Vygotsky's Socio-Cultural Theory) to be able to have an effective teaching method.
Through scaffolding the teacher can help the child developed its specific way of learning
since not all students have the same way of coping their lessons and in what aspects
they excel. Other students may be good in writing while others are excelling in oral
recitation and others may good in arts. Therefore the teachers in inclusive classroom
should be flexible to meet the needs of the students whether able or disabled students.
Aside from that Republic Act 5250 also known as Ten Year Teaching Training
Program for Teachers (Legal Foundations of Inclusive and Special Education) is
another way of making the teachers in inclusive school have an effective teaching style.
Through this the students will easily understand the lessons because the teacher is
doing his/her part effectively.
Furthermore, the parents should also take responsibilities towards their child in
sustaining and meeting their needs emotionally, physically, mentally and socially.
IMPLEMENTATION
TABLE 1: The table show the alternative solution, the person involve, when it will be
done and its cost.
WHEN IT
ALTERNATIVE PERSON INVOLVE WILL BE COST
SOLUTION DONE
Parents & Health Professionals
CHECK-UP -To monitor and evaluate the Every month 2,000.00 per
child’s development whether visit
he or she is progressing or not.
Teachers and School Staff
-Teachers and School Staff
must attend seminars and
trainings in order to have an
REPUBLIC ACT effective teaching style in an
5250 also known inclusive classroom. Every Month 1,800 per
“ TEN YEAR person every
TEACHING DepEd seminar/training
TRAINING DepEd must implement
PROGRAM”/ program specially trainings and
ATTENDING seminars to all teachers and
SEMINARS school staff from the different
TRAININGS districts to be able to make
them an effective educator to
an inclusive classroom.
Teacher
WELL -To make the classroom more
STRUCTURED convenient to the students Every Year 3,000.00
CLASSROOM either with the normal students
or students with special needs.
Teachers and Students
The teachers, students as well
TEACHERS- as the parents should be well 5,000-10,000
STUDENTS oriented in order to build a Twice a Year (Including the
ORIENTATION good relationship with each payment of the
other and to avoid bullying speaker and
inside and outside the the snacks)
classroom.
REFERENCES
http://laws.chanrobles.com/republicacts/53_republicacts.php?id=5254
http://www.pbs.org/parents/education/learning-disabilities/inclusive-education/
https://www.genome.gov/27544402/the-undiagnosed-diseases-program/
https://www.learning-theories.com/vygotskys-social-learning-theory.html
https://www.psychologynoteshq.com/bronfenbrenner-ecological-theory/
https://www.psychologynoteshq.com/bronfenbrenner-ecological-theory/
https://www.learning-theories.com/self-perception-theory-bem.html
https://www.edutopia.org/blog/scaffolding-lessons-six-strategies-rebecca-alber
https://www.mentalhelp.net/articles/urie-bronfenbrenner-and-child-development/
https://www.topeducationdegrees.org/faq/what-is-an-inclusive-classroom/
APPENDICES
Respondent #1
RESPONDENT #2
RESPONDENT #3
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data
Name: Lera S. Melca
Age: 19
Date of Birth: September 18, 1999
Sex: Female
Address: P-4 Lower Banza Butuan City, Agusan Del Norte
Contact number: 09308148574
Email: [email protected]
Status: Single
Father’s name: Juanito M. Melca
Mother’s name: Fernanda S. Melca
Educational Background
Elementary: Tolosa Central Elementary School
( S.Y. 2011-2012)
Secondary: Banza National High School
Senior High School: Banza National High School
( S.Y. 201-2018)
Personal Data
Name: Julie Jade C. Pendejito
Age: 18
Date of Birth: July 4, 2000
Sex: Female
Address: P-5 Barangay Marcos, Magallanes Agusan Del Norte
Contact number: 09488259913
Email: [email protected]
Status: Single
Father’s name: Rey A. Pendejito
Mother’s name: Conchita C. Pendejito
Educational Background
Elementary: Magallanes Central Elementary School
(S.Y. 2011-2012)
Secondary: Father Urios Academy of Magallanes Incorporated
Senior High School: Father Urios Academy of Magallanes Incorporated
(S.Y.2017-2018)
Personal Data
Name: Rosemarie N. Cordova
Age: 19
Date of Birth: May 14, 1999
Sex: Female
Address: P-7 Baan Kilometer 3, Butuan City
Contact number: 09488066753
Email: [email protected]
Status: Single
Father’s name: Celestino D. Cordova
Mother’s name: Anita N. Cordova
Educational Background
Elementary: Florencio Sibayan Elementary School
(S.Y. 2006-2012)
Secondary: Butuan City School of Arts and Trade
Senior High School: Saint Joseph Institute of Technology
(S.Y. 2017-2018)
Personal Data
Name: Jhassa T. Generalao
Age: 18
Date of Birth: June 11, 2000
Sex: Female
Address: P- Lubi A Vilamonte Basag, Butuan City
Contact number: 09665376351
Email: [email protected]
Status: Single
Father’s name: Jose F. Generalao
Mother’s name: Adelinda T. Generalao
Educational Background
Elementary: Basag Elementary School
(S.Y. 2011-2012)
Secondary: Taligaman National High School
Senior High School: Taligaman National High School
(S.Y. 2018-2019)
Personal Data
Name: Ame D. Ague
Age: 19
Date of Birth: November 28, 1999
Sex: Female
Address: P-4 Lower Aupagan, Butuan City
Contact number: 09078451786
Email: [email protected]
Status: Single
Father’s name: Arturo A. Ague
Mother’s name: Lourecil D. Ague
Educational Background
Elementary: Aupagan Elementary School
(S.Y. 2006-2012)
Secondary: San Vicente National High School
Senior High School: San Vicente National High School
((2017-2018)
Questionnaire
Name of the Guardian:
Name of the Child:
Age:
Address:
Disability:
1. Unsay imong panglantaw sa Inclusive Education?
2. Naa bay dakong tabang nga mahatag ang Inclusive Education sa imong
anak?
3. Nganong wala na nagskwela ang imong anak? Unsa may rason?
Caraga State University
Ampayon, Butuan City
EDUC 102 Case Study
MTh 4:30-6:00
The Perception on Inclusive Education
of Guardians for Children with
Disabilities in Baranagy Banza
Group 2
Lera Melca
Ame Ague
Julie Jade Pendejito
Jhassa Generalao
Rosemarie Cordova
Submitted to:
Dr. Cristina A. Cubillas
