EE532
Luisito F. Taripe jr.
SUBMITTED BY:
ENGR. Roland Valencia
SUBMITTED TO:
Assignment 1: For EE532
Identify different types of Power Plant in the Philippines with pictures and discuss
each history about how and when it is constructed. Also, give important information
regarding their similarities and differences to each other.
The different types of power plant in the Philippines are Geothermal Power Plant,
Wind Power Plant,
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
Geothermal energy is the thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal
energy is the energy that determines the temperature of matter. The geothermal energy
of the Earth's crust originates from the original formation of the planet and
from radioactive decay of materials (in currently uncertain but possibly roughly
equal proportions). The Philippines is one of the world's top producers of geothermal
power, owing to its location along the Ring of Fire zone of Pacific volcanoes. The
country commissioned the 12-megawatt Maibarara Geothermal Power Plant-2 on
March 9, 2018, in Santo Tomas, Batangas.
The Geothermal Education Office and a 1980 article titled "The Philippines geothermal
success story" by Rudolph J. Birsic published in the journal Geothermal Energy note the
remarkable geothermal resources of the Philippines. During the World Geothermal
Congress 2000 held in Beppu, Ōita Prefecture of Japan held from May to June 2000, it
was reported that the Philippines is the largest consumer of electricity from geothermal
sources and highlighted the potential role of geothermal energy in providing energy
needs for developing countries.
According to the International Geothermal Association (IGA), worldwide, the Philippines
ranks second to the United States in producing geothermal energy. As of 2010, the US
had a capacity of 3093 megawatts of geothermal power, while that of the Philippines
was 1904 megawatts. The Philippines was followed by Mexico with 958 MW. Early
statistics from the Institute for Green Resources and Environment stated that Philippine
geothermal energy provides 16% of the country's electricity. By 2005, geothermal
energy accounted for 17.5% of the country's electricity production. More recent statistics
from the IGA show that combined energy from the nation's six geothermal fields, located
in the islands of Luzon, Leyte, Negros and Mindanao, still accounts for approximately
17% of the country's electricity generation. Leyte island is where the first geothermal
power plant, a 3 megawatt wellhead unit, started operations in July 1977. Larger-scale
commercial production of geothermal power began in 1979 with the commissioning of a
110-megawatt plant at Tiwi field in Albay province. IGA figures as of December 2009
show the nation's installed geothermal capacity stands at 1904 megawatts, with gross
generation of 10,311 gigawatt-hrs for all of 2009, representing 17% of the nation's total
power generation mix.
As of 2017, the International Renewable Energy Agency estimates the Philippines' net
installed geothermal energy capacity to at 1.9 gigawatts (GW)—out of the global
geothermal installed capacity of 12.7 GW—ranking behind the United States (2.5 GW)
and ahead of Indonesia (1.5 GW). It also estimates that the country can potentially
generate 2.1 GW from geothermal sources by 2025.
Geothermal power plant in Valencia, Negros Oriental, Philippines
WIND POWER PLANT
Wind power in the Philippines makes up a small percentage of the total energy output
of the Philippines. The country wind energy sector has significant potential and could
provide up to 76GW of power. Some of the most recent developments are the Bangui
Wind Farm, Burgos Wind Farm, and Caparispisan Wind Farm in Ilocos Norte, the Wind
Energy Power System in Oriental Mindoro, San Lorenzo Wind Farm in Guimaras,
Nabas Wind Farm in Aklan and Pililla Wind Farm in Rizal.
Bangui Wind Farm is a wind farm in Bangui, Ilocos Norte, Philippines. The wind farm
uses 20 units of 70-metre (230 ft) high Vestas V82 1.65 MW wind turbines, arranged in
a single row stretching along a nine-kilometer shoreline off Bangui Bay, facing the West
Philippine Sea.
Phase I of the NorthWind power project in Bangui Bay consisted of 15 of those wind
turbines, each with a maximum production capacity of 1.65 MW of electric power,
making a total of 24.75 MW. These 15 on-shore turbines are spaced 326 metres
(1,070 ft) apart, each 70 metres (230 ft) high, with 41 metres (135 ft) long blades, with a
rotor diameter of 82 metres (269 ft) and a wind swept area of 5,281 square metres
(56,840 sq ft).
Phase II was completed on August 2008, and added five more of the same wind
turbines, bringing the total maximum capacity to 33 MW.
History In 1996, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducted a wind
resource analysis and mapping study. It concluded that various areas in the Philippines
are ideal for wind power installation. These areas include Bangui and Burgos towns in
Ilocos Norte, Batanes and Babuyan Islands, which are north of Luzon and the higher
interior terrain of Mindoro, Samar, Leyte, Panay, Negros, Cebu, Palawan and Eastern
Mindanao. The study led to the inception of the wind farm project. NorthWind Power
Development Corp. developed (and maintains and operates) the project, while Vestas
Wind Systems, a Danish firm, supplied the wind turbine-generator units (WTGs) for the
site, similar to those already found in Denmark. The project was to have been
developed in three phases, with Phase I of the project inaugurated on June 18, 2005
and attended by Former First Lady Imelda Marcos, then Governor Bongbong Marcos,
Former DOE Secretary Vincent Perez, Undersecretary Peter Abaya and Dr. Robert Yap,
Jesuit priest and Project Director of CD4CDM project of klima, who also conducted the
invocation and blessing of the wind turbines.
Ratified by the NorthWind Power Development Corp and the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development through the World Bank Prototype Carbon Fund, the
Northwind Bangui Bay Project was the first project in the Philippines to have the
Emissions Reduction Purchase Agreement (ERPA) under the Clean Development
Mechanism. The Bangui Bay Project is also the first Philippine recipient of the Carbon
Emission Reduction Certificates (CER’s) from the Executive Board of the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
In 2006, the project produced a 5% discount of the weighted average price in the
wholesale electricity spot market (WESM) or a generated savings of approximately
US$1.4 million (PhP 70 million) for the INEC electricity consumers. The project cost for
Phase I amounted to US$23 million.
Phase I consisted of 15 turbines, placed 326 meters apart, was completed on 7 May
2005, generating 24.74 megawatts. An additional 5 turbines brought the capacity to 33
megawatts, which was transmitted 5.7 km to an electrical substation in Laoag City.
Connected to the Luzon Grid, the windmills supply 40% of Ilocos Norte's electricity
needs. Each windmill is 70 m tall, with 41 m long blades.
Bangui Wind Farm is a wind farm in Bangui, Ilocos
Norte, Philippines
Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
Bataan Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant, completed but never
fueled, on Bataan Peninsula, 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of Manila in the Philippines. It
is located on a 3.57 square kilometre government reservation at Napot Point
in Morong, Bataan. It was the Philippines' only attempt at building a nuclear power plant.
It was mothballed due to safety concerns in the wake of the 1986 Chernobyl Nuclear
Power Plant disaster in the former Soviet Ukraine and issues regarding corruption.
Background
The Philippine nuclear program started in 1958 with the creation of the Philippine
Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) under Republic Act 2067. Under a regime of
martial law, Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos in July 1973 announced the decision
to build a nuclear power plant. A presidential committee was set up to secure funding
for two 620 megawatt nuclear reactors for the energy needs of Luzon. This was in
response to the 1973 oil crisis, as the Middle East oil embargo had put a heavy strain
on the Philippine economy, and Marcos believed nuclear power to be the solution to
meeting the country's energy demands and decreasing dependence on imported oil. In
2012, the Sandiganbayan graft court ordered entrepreneur and Marcos associate
Herminio Disini to repay the Philippine government the amount of $50 million for his role
in defrauding the country through the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
History
2000s
Despite never having been commissioned, the plant has remained intact,
including the nuclear reactor, and has continued to be maintained. The Philippine
government completed paying off its obligations on the plant in April 2007, more than 30
years after construction began.
On January 29, 2008, Energy Secretary Angelo Reyes announced that an
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) eight-man team led by Akira Omoto
inspected the Bataan Nuclear power station on rehabilitation prospects. In preparing
their report, the IAEA made two primary recommendations. First, the power plant's
status must be thoroughly evaluated by technical inspections and economic evaluations
conducted by a committed group of nuclear power experts with experience in
preservation management. Second, the IAEA mission advised the Philippine
government on the general requirements for starting its nuclear power program,
stressing that the proper infrastructure, safety standards, and knowledge be
implemented. The IAEA's role did not extend to assessing whether the power plant is
usable or how much the plant may cost to rehabilitate.
Critics of the Bataan Nuclear power plant at an assembly in a basketball court
around the compound of the Morong Parish Church in 2009
Plans to reactivate the plant was questioned by critics, citing the need to consider
people's safety, the plant's structural defects, the fact that the plant stands near a major
earthquake fault, and the large sums of money the government would need to loan to
revive the plant. Critics also alleged that the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant was being
revived to become another source of government corruption. Opposition to the nuclear
plant's revival came from Bataan and nearby provinces.
2010s
On February 1, 2010, NAPOCOR started evaluating the financial plan of Korea
Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO), assessing that it may cost US$1 billion to
rehabilitate the nuclear plant. On February 22, 2011, the Philippine government
reimbursed the National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR) ₱4.2 billion (US$96 million) it
spent for maintaining the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant. It requires an average of ₱40
million a year just to maintain it. In May 2011, it was announced that the plant would be
turned into a tourist attraction.
In 2016, various senators along with a few media personnel inspected the
Bataan Nuclear Power Plant for a possible bid to open it to for public use. Inspecting
senators told media that the power plant was still in good condition. The Department of
Energy was later given the go ahead to look into the plant's rehabilitation. At least one
senator has cautioned against reviving the nuclear power plant and stressed the need
to consult scientists on the issue.
Citing risks associated with the presence of the Lubao Fault, an active
earthquake fault running through the nearby Mt. Natib, scientists have advised against
reviving the nuclear plant. However, officials from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology
and Seismology had declared the site of the plant is safe noting the facility's solid
foundation and the dormancy of the nearby volcano Mount Natib.
In an interview with CNN Philippines in April 2018, the Russian ambassador to
the Philippines commented that he believed that revival of the plant would not be
possible due to its outdated design.In contrast, Rosatom's vice president for Southeast
Asia, Egor Simonov, stated that it would be possible to revive the plant, noting its
"relatively good condition" despite decades of disuse.
In late 2017, representatives from Russia's Rosatom State Atomic Energy
Corporation and Slovenia's GEN Energija went to assess the plant and make
recommendations for its rehabilitation. They estimated rehabilitation costs between $3
to 4 billion dollars and proposed steps for securing the necessary financing, drafting of
relevant regulations & training of technical personnel. They also recommended that the
government consider the construction of new nuclear power plants.
In 2019, the Department of National Defense expressed its support for the revival
of the nuclear power plant. The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute also urged the
government to revive the power plant.
Ilijan Combined Cycle Power Plant
Ilijan Combined-Cycle Power Plant is a dual-fuel power station in Ilijan, Batangas
City. It is primarily a natural gas plant and uses distillate oil as a secondary back-up fuel
source. With the nameplate capacity of 1200 MW, it is the largest natural gas facility in
the Philippines. The plant is designed to draw natural gas from the Malampaya gas field.
The plant is the first power facility in the country to use the 500 kV switchyard
system and reverse osmosis system. The Ilijan plant's construction began in March
1999 and was commissioned in June 2000.
The Ilijan Combined-Cycle Power Plant — located in Ilijan, Batangas — is the largest
natural gas facility in the country comprising 1200 MW combined-cycle, dual-fuel
electricity generation facilities with a design life of 25 years. Natural gas is the
cleanest of all fossil fuels--synchronized with the Philippine government's efforts in
promoting sustainable and ecologically-sound economic development through the
delivery of clean power.
The plant is principally designed to operate as a base-load unit using natural gas from
the Malampaya gas fields in Palawan, with diesel as back-up — promoting an
ecologically sound operating environment. Integrated plant controls based on the ABB
Bailey distributed digital control system enable plant operators to run the plant safely
and effectively.
KEPCO bagged the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) contract for the construction of the
Ilijan plant after fierce competition against seven international independent power
producers (IPPs). It established KEPCO Ilijan Corporation (KEILCO)— a consortium
composed of pillars in the energy business: KEPCO, Mitsubishi Corporation (Japan),
Team Energy Corporation - Tokyo Electric (Japan) & Marubeni (Japan) and Kyushu
Electric (Japan) — to implement the BOT Project on September 12, 1997.
In February 2014, KEPCO Ilijan Corporation (KEILCO) was named as one of the top ten
industries to have shown exemplary environmental performance during the Philippine
Environment Partnership Program (PEPP) awarding ceremonies by the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). This is the second time the company
received such award, the first was last October 2011. KEILCO was cited for its
environmental programs, such as Balik Baterya, Green Procurement, Pawikan
Conservation, and for being active in coastal cleanup and tree planting activities.
KEILCO was also named as the Environmental Company of the Year in the 2009 Asian
Power Awards, and in 2013 received the prestigious Excellence in Ecology and
Economy (E3) Award from the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PCCI).
The Safety Organization of the Philippines, Inc., granted KEPCO Ilijan Corporation an
Award of Honor, last November 7, 2016, in recognition of its achievement in attaining
3,395,532.00 Safe Man-Hours continuously without Lost Time Accident (LTA) since
March 2005 to August 2016.
Sual Power Plant Station
Sual Power Station is a 1,200-MW coal-fired power station located near the
Lingayen Gulf in Sual, Pangasinan, Philippines.
Ownership and Administration
The coal-fired power station is owned by Team Energy, a company established
as a joint venture between Marubeni Corporation and Tokyo Electric Power Corporation.
San Miguel Energy Corporation is the independent power producer administrator (IPPA)
of the facility since 2009.
Background
Development started when Consolidated Electric Power Asia Ltd, a subsidiary of
Hopewell Holdings, bid and won a $900mn BOOT tender for a 1,000-MW power station
at Sual. Site preparation began in 1995 and construction started in February 1996. It
was made operational in 1996 and full power generation was commenced in 2007.
Due to the presence of the coal power plant, Sual port was established close to
the power plant in 2012. Sual Port a large port for the cargo of coal, and among the
largest and most important coal discharge ports of The Philippines. Sual port is located
close to Sual power plant, and caters mainly to the thermal power plant. It can
accommodate ships with a maximum draft of 13.3 metres and a maximum LOA (Length
overall) of 225 metres.
South Negros Bio Power Plant
South Negros Bio Power Plant is a biomass-fired power station in La Carlota,
Negros Occidental in the Philippines. When commissioned in the 4th quarter 2017 it will
be among the biggest biomass power stations in the Philippines and will have a
generating capacity of 24.99 megawatts, enough electricity to provide 265,000 people in
the region’s urban centres and rural areas on the island of Negros. The power plant is a
cooperation between Thomas Lloyd CTI Asia Holdings Pte and Bronzeoak Philippines.
General Contractor is Wuxi Huaguang Electric Power Engineering.
The plant will be primary feed with cane trash with some grassy and woody
energy crop plants. The feedstock utilisation ]will be 220,000 tonnes per year with a local
feedstock availability of 1.4 million tonnes per year within a 50 km-radius catchment
area. The plant will be connected to an existing 69 kV substation in San Enrique, 8 km
away when operational. The power plant is expected to create 675 new jobs in the plant
and 2,500 jobs in feedstock production and collection.
The plant has been chosen by the Philippine government as an "Awarded
Biomass Project" in January 2015.
Thomas Lloyd laid the foundations in the Philippines for South Negros BioPower, a
biomass power plant with capacity of 25 megawatts (MW). The project in the South of
Negros Island is the second power plant that is scheduled to produce regenerative
electricity from crop waste generated by local agriculture for around 265,000 people
from the end of 2017. Once it has been commissioned, South Negros BioPower will
create over 3,000 new and permanent jobs in the power plant and in local agriculture
and save 85,498 tons of carbon dioxide (CO₂) per annum.
In addition to numerous other guests, a 50 strong Thomas Lloyd delegation was invited
to the inaugural launch on 6 April 2016. The ceremony was also attended by a large
delegation of European financial experts and equity providers, a large number of high-
ranking representatives from Asian politics, business and the media and representatives
of project partners as well as institutional investors.
South Negros Bio Power (SNB) is a Thomas Lloyd SICAV-SIF – Cleantech
Infrastructure Fund biomass power plant project in La Carlota City, Negros Occidental
in the Philippines. A biomass power plant will be constructed as part of the project
which will be fuelled by waste from the harvesting and processing of sugar cane
supplemented by herbaceous and woody energy plants.
South Negros Bio Power is a stand-alone base load power station covering an area of
300,000 m2 with a gross electricity production capacity of 24.99 MW, which will produce
185 million kWh per annum. This will cover the energy consumption of around 265,000
people in the region. In addition to numerous other guests, a 40 strong ThomasLloyd
delegation was invited to the inaugural launch on 10 October 2013. After the ceremony,
the guests were given a demonstration of sugar cane harvesting and how the fuel for
the future power plant will be obtained.
The similarities of this all Power Plant all of this is provide and supply electricity to their
place. The Geothermal Power Plant is the energy determines the temperature of matter
and they provide and supply 12.7GW. The Wind Power Plant is also an electricity
supply provide up to 76GW. The Illijan Combined Cycle Power Plant is produced up to
500kv of electricity. Then the Sual Power Plant is supply up to 1200MW Coal Fired
Power. Then the South Negros Bio Power Plant provides 24.9MW of electricity. Then
the differences of this power plant to each other are the renewable and non-renewable
power plant. The renewable power plant is Geothermal Power Plant, Wind Power Plant
and South Negros Bio Power Plant. And the non-renewable power plant is the Bataan
Nuclear Power Plant, Illijan Combined Cycle Power Plant,Sual Power Plant Station.
