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St. Vincent de Ferrer College of Camarin, Inc.
SVFC Compound, San Vicente Ferrer St., Area D, Brgy. 178, Camarin, Caloocan City
Tel. No.: 6682575; Email address:
[email protected] Website: stvfc.com
___________________________________________________________________________________
Name: JOAN JECIL M. PAREJA Subject Title: The Child and Adolescent Learners
Course / Yr. & Sec. BEED 1ST YR. SEC.2 Subject Code: Educ. 101
AY: 1st Sem., 2020-2021 Professor: Dr. Peter G. Young Jr.
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Module 2: The Stages of Development & Developmental Tasks 1
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ROBERT HAVIGHURST’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS
Infancy and Early Middle Later
Middle Childhood Adolescence
Early Childhood adulthood adulthood Maturity
(6-12) (13-18)
(0-5) (19-29) (30-60) (61 and over)
1. Learning to 1. Learning 1. Achieving 1. Selecting a 1. Helping 1. Adjusting to
walk physical skills mature mate teenage decreasing
necessary for relations children strength and
ordinary with both to become health
games sexes happy and
responsible
adults
2. Learning to take 2. Building a 2. Achieving a 2. Learning to 2. Achieving 2. Adjusting to
solid foods wholesome masculine or live with a adult social retirement
attitude feminine partner and civic and reduced
toward oneself social role responsibility income
3. Learning to talk 3. Learning to get 3. Accepting 3. Starting a 3. Satisfactory 3. Adjusting to
along with one’s family career death of
age-mates physique achievement spouse
4. Learning to 4. Learning an 4. Achieving 4. Rearing 4. Developing 4. Establishing
control the appropriate sex emotional children adult leisure relations
elimination of role independence time activities with one’s
body wastes of adults own age
group
5. Learning sex 5. Developing the 5. Preparing for 5. Managing a 5. Relating to 5. Meeting
differences and fundamental marriage and home one’s spouse social and
sexual modesty skills in family life as a person civic
reading, writing, obligations
and calculating
6. Acquiring 6. Developing 6. Preparing for 6. Starting an 6. Accepting the 6. Establishing
concepts and concepts an economic occupation physiological satisfactory
language to necessary for career changes of living
describe social everyday living middle-age quarters
and physical
reality
7. Readiness for 7. Developing 7. Acquiring 7. Assuming 7. Adjusting to
reading conscience, values and an civic aging parent
morality, and a ethical system responsibility
scale of values to guide
behavior
8. Learning to 8. Achieving 8. Desiring and
distinguish right personal achieving
from wrong and independence socially
developing a responsible
conscience behavior
9. Developing
acceptable
attitudes toward
society
Page 2 of 3
St. Vincent de Ferrer College of Camarin, Inc.
SVFC Compound, San Vicente Ferrer St., Area D, Brgy. 178, Camarin, Caloocan City
Tel. No.: 6682575; Email address:
[email protected] Website: stvfc.com
___________________________________________________________________________________
Name: Subject Title: The Child and Adolescent Learners
Course / Yr. & Sec. Subject Code: Educ. 101
AY: 1st Sem., 2020-2021 Professor: Dr. Peter G. Young Jr.
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Module 2: The Stages of Development & Developmental Tasks 2
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Concept of Developmental Tasks
In each stage of development, a certain task or tasks are expected of every individual. Robert
Havighurst defines developmental task as one that “arises at a certain period in our life, the successful
achievement of which leads to happiness and success with later tasks while failure leads to unhappiness,
social disapproval, and difficulty with later tasks.” (Havighurst, 1972).
Developmental Stages
There are eight(8) developmental stages given by John Santrock. The eight (8) developmental stages
cited by Santrock are the same with Havighurst’s six (6) developmental stages only that Havighurst did not
include prenatal period. Havighurst combined infancy and early childhood while Santrock mentioned them as
two (2) separate stages. These developmental stages are described more in detail in the next paragraphs.
JOHN SANTROCK’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS
Let’s describe the developmental tasks and outstanding trait of each stage as described by Santrock
and compare them to those listed by Havighurst himself.
1. Prenatal period (from conception to birth) – It involves tremendous growth – from a single cell to an
organism complete with brain and behavioral capabilities.
2. Infancy (from birth to 18-24 months) – A time of extreme dependence on adults. Many psychological
activities are just beginning – language, symbolic thought, sensorimotor coordination and social learning.
3. Early Childhood (end of infancy to 5-6 years (Grade 1) – These are the preschool years. Young children
learn to become more self-sufficient and to care for themselves, develop school readiness skills and spend
many hours in play with peers.
4. Middle and late childhood (6-11 years of age, the elementary school years) – The fundamental skills of
reading, writing and arithmetic are mastered. The child is formally exposed to the larger world and its
culture. Achievement becomes a more central theme of the child’s world and self-control increases.
5. Adolescence (10-12 years of age ending up to 18-22 years of age) – Begins with rapid physical changes –
dramatic gains in height and weight, changes in body contour, and the development of characteristics such
as enlargement of the breasts, development of pubic hair and facial hair, and developing of the voice.
Pursuit of independence and identity are prominent. Thought is more logical, abstract and idealistic. More
time is spent outside of the family.
6. Early adulthood (from late teens or early 20s lasting through the 30s) – It is a time of establishing personal
and economic independence, career development, selecting a mate, learning to live with someone in an
intimate way, starting a family and rearing children.
7. Middle adulthood (40 to 60 years of age) – It is a time of expanding personal and social involvement and
responsibility; of assisting the next generation in becoming competent and mature individuals; and of
teaching and maintaining satisfaction in a career.
8. Late adulthood (60s and above) – It is a time for adjustment to decreasing strength and health, life review,
retirement, and adjustment to new social roles.
Page 3 of 3
St. Vincent de Ferrer College of Camarin, Inc.
SVFC Compound, San Vicente Ferrer St., Area D, Brgy. 178, Camarin, Caloocan City
Tel. No.: 6682575; Email address:
[email protected] Website: stvfc.com
___________________________________________________________________________________
Name: Subject Title: The Child and Adolescent Learners
Course / Yr. & Sec. Subject Code: Educ. 101
AY: 1st Sem., 2020-2021 Professor: Dr. Peter G. Young Jr.
============================================================================================
===========================================================
Module 2: The Stages of Development & Developmental Tasks 3
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Guide Questions:
1. Define developmental tasks in your own words.
Ans. Developmental task for me is a cycle of life that explains to us what will happen in our body and
feelings while we develop. It is also physical, social, intellectual, and emotional achievements and
abilities that must be acquired at each stage.
2. Describe the developmental tasks in each developmental stage of the following
a. Robert Havighurst’s Developmental Tasks
Ans. According to R. Harvighurst a developmental-task is a task which an individual has to and wants
to solve in a particular life-period. Havighurst writes, “A developmental-task is the midway between
an individual need and a social demand. He emphasized that learning is basic and that it continues
throughout life span. He defines developmental task as one that “ arises at certain period in our life,
the successful achievement of which leads to happiness and success with later tasks while failure leads
to unhappiness, social disapproval, and difficulty with later tasks”.
b. John Santrock’s Developmental Tasks
Ans.John Santrock focuses in children’s socio-emotional development. The pattern of change that
begins at conception and continues through the life span. Involves growth, although it also includes
decline brought on by aging and dying.
3. What are the implications of these developmental tasks to your role as a teacher and / or parent?
Ans. Being a future teacher or parent you should know the development task for us to understand the
child, to know how to handle and to protect their feelings because we are one of the person who can
understand them. We need to have trust and mutual understanding between parent and teacher
because that is the real secret of child’s happy learning.
4. Having mastered the developmental tasks of early childhood, middle and late childhood and adolescence,
what do you think you should do as a teacher to facilitate your students’ acquisition of these developmental
tasks?
Ans. As a future teacher to facilitate your students’ acquisition of these developmental task you
should start from concrete to conceptual from easy to increasingly more difficult. Make it easy to
understand and follow. Model how to do it correctly. Have students do it on their own. Assess their
understanding and competence. Provide necessary support.
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