SEMESTER GASAL 2020

WORO SETYARSIH

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA

JURUSAN FISIKA FMIPA 1
[email protected]
Disadur dari K.Murugananthan, Assistant Professor,
Kamaraj College of Engineering & Technology. Virudhunagar.

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 Displacement
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN OBJECT’S FINAL POSITION AND ITS STARTING
POSITION. DOES DEPEND ON DIRECTION.
 DISPLACEMENT = FINAL POSITION – INITIAL POSITION
 X = XFINAL – XINITIAL

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 VELOCITY

RATE AT WHICH AN OBJECT IS MOVING.

SPEED = DISTANCE / TIME

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 ACCELERATION

 ACCELERATION IS DEFINED AS THE RATE OF CHANGE OF VELOCITY.

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 RELATIVE MOTION
 THE MOTION OF ANY OBJECT DEPENDS ON THE FRAME OF
REFERENCE – OR POINT OF VIEW – OF THE OBSERVER.

 Pedestrian sees car moving along street. Driver sees

car at rest.

 Both observers are correct about the motion of the car.

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 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION
• If the resultant force acting on a particle is not zero,
the particle will have an acceleration proportional to
the magnitude of resultant and in the direction of the
resultant.  
F  ma
• If particle is subjected to several forces:
 
 F  ma
• We must use a Newtonian frame of reference, i.e., one that is not
accelerating or rotating.
• If no force acts on particle, particle will not accelerate, i.e., it will remain
stationary or continue on a straight line at constant velocity.
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 Linear Momentum of a Particle
 
 dv
 F  ma  m dt
d d 
dt

  mv  
dt
L  
 
L  mv Linear momentum
Sum of forces = rate of change of linear momentum

If F  0 linear momentum is constant

Principle of conservation of linear momentum

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 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

SOLUTION:
• Draw a free body diagram
• Apply Newton’s law. Resolve
into rectangular components

An 80-kg block rests on a horizontal plane. Find the magnitude

of the force P required to give the block an acceleration of 2.5
m/s2 to the right. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the
block and plane is mk = 0.25.
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 Sample Problem 1
 Fx  ma :
Psin30 P cos30  0.25 N   80  2.5 
 200
Pcos30  Fy  0 :
N  P sin 30  785  0
Solve for P and N
N  P sin 30  785
W  mg  80  9.81  785 N P cos30  0.25  P sin 30  785   200
F  mk N  0.25 N
P  534.7 N N  1052.4 N
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 Sample Problem 2

The two blocks shown start from rest. The horizontal plane and the pulley
are frictionless, and the pulley is assumed to be of negligible mass.
Determine the acceleration of each block and the tension in the cord.
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 • Kinematic relationship: If A moves xA to the right,
B moves down 0.5 xA

O
xB  12 x A aB  12 a A
x

y
Draw free body diagrams & apply Newton’s law:

F x  mAa A T1  100  a A

F y  mB aB mB g  T2  mB aB
300  9.81  T2   300  aB
F y  mC aC T2  2940-  300  aB
2940-  300  aB  2T1  0 T2  2T1  0
2940-  300  aB  2  200aB  0 2940-  300  aB  200a A  0
T1  840 N T2  1680 N
aB  4.2 m / s 2 a A  8.4 m / s 2
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 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3

Block

Wedge

The 12-lb block B starts from rest and slides on

the 30-lb wedge A, which is supported by a
horizontal surface.
Neglecting friction, determine (a) the
acceleration of the wedge, and (b) the
acceleration of the block relative to the wedge.
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 DRAW FREE BODY DIAGRAMS FOR BLOCK & WEDGE
N1 N1sinq
N1 N1cosq
WBsinq
aBn
aA
aBt WB WBcosq

WB sin q  mB aBt
12  0.5 
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 aBt  16.1 ft / s 2 N1 sin q  mAa A 30
32.2
aBt 0.5 N1  aA
32.2
N1  WB cosq  mB aBn N1 cosq  WA  N 2
But aBn  a A sin q Same normal acceleration (to maintain contact)
12  0.5
N1  WB cosq   mB a A sin q N1  10.39   aA
32.2
a A  5.08 ft / s 2 aBn  2.54 ft / s 2 14
 N1 N1sinq
N1 N1cosq
WBsinq
aBn aA
aBt WB WBcosq

aBx   aBt cosq  aBn sin q  12.67 ft / s 2   

aB / A  aB  a A
aBy   aBt sin q  aBn cosq  10.25 ft / s 2
  
aB / A   12.67i  10.25 j    5.08i 

30°
 
 17.75i  10.25 j 20.5

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SAMPLE PROBLEM 4

The bob of a 2-m pendulum

describes an arc of a circle in a
vertical plane. If the tension in the
cord is 2.5 times the weight of the
bob for the position shown, find the
velocity and acceleration of the bob
in that position.

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 SAMPLE PROBLEM 4
Resolve into tangential and normal components:
Ft  mat : mgsin30  mat
at  g sin30
at  4.9m s2
 Fn  man : 2.5mg  mg cos30  man
an  g2.5  cos30
an  16.03m s2
• Solve for velocity in terms of normal acceleration.
mgsin30
an 
v2


v  an  2m 16.03m s2 
mgcos30
v  5.66m s
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 SAMPLE PROBLEM 5
SOLUTION:
• The car travels in a horizontal circular path
with a normal component of acceleration
directed toward the center of the path.The
forces acting on the car are its weight and
a normal reaction from the road surface.
Determine the rated speed of a • Resolve the equation of motion for the
highway curve of radius  = 400 ft car into vertical and normal components.
banked through an angle q = 18o. • Solve for the vehicle speed.
The rated speed of a banked highway
curve is the speed at which a car
should travel if no lateral friction
force is to be exerted at its wheels.
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 SAMPLE PROBLEM 5
• Resolve the equation of motion for the
car into vertical and normal components.
 Fy  0 : R cosq  W  0
W
R
cosq
W
 Fn  man : R sinq  an
g
SOLUTION: W W v2
sinq 
• The car travels in a horizontal circular cosq g 
path with a normal component of • Solve for the vehicle speed.
acceleration directed toward the center v 2  g tan q
of the path.The forces acting on the car
are its weight and a normal reaction
 
 32.2 ft s 2 400 ft  tan 18

from the road surface. v  64.7 ft s  44.1 mi h 19

 ANGULAR MOMENTUM
 
From before, linear momentum: L  mv
Now angular momentum is defined as the moment of momentum
  
H O  r  mv

H O is a vector perpendicular to the plane containing
 
r and mv
Resolving into radial & transverse components:
H O  mvq r  mr 2q
Derivative of angular momentum with respect to time:
        
H O  r  mv  r  mv  v  mv  r  ma
 
 r F Moment of F about O

  MO
Sum of moments about O = rate of change of angular momentum
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EQUATIONS OF MOTION IN RADIAL &
TRANSVERSE COMPONENTS

 r
F  ma r  m r

  r q 
2

 Fq  maq  mrq  2rq 

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 CENTRAL FORCE
When force acting on particle is directed
toward or away from a fixed point O, the
particle is said to be moving under a
central force.

O = center of force

Since line of action of the central force passes through O:

 
 M O  HO  0
  
r  mv  H O  constant 22
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 6
SOLUTION:
• Write the radial and transverse equations of motion
for the block.
• Integrate the radial equation to find an expression
for the radial velocity.
• Substitute known information into the transverse
equation to find an expression for the force on the block.

A block B of mass m can slide freely on a frictionless arm

OA which rotates in a horizontal plane at a constant rate q0 .
Knowing that B is released at a distance r0 from O, express as a function of r
a) the component vr of the velocity of B along OA, and
b) the magnitude of the horizontal force exerted on B by the arm OA.
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 r  rq 2

dvr dvr dr dvr
r  vr    vr
dt dr dt dr
But vr  r dvr
Write radial and transverse rq 2  vr rq 2 dr  vr dvr
equations of motion: dr
vr r

 Fr  m ar 
r  rq 2
0  m   r r  o
v dv  rq 2 dr vr2  q02  r 2  r02 
 F q  m aq F  m  rq  2rq 
0 ro

vr  q 0  r  r0 
 2 2 12

F  2mq02  r 2  r02 
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