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ELECTRICAL Engineering Interview Questions With Answers

1. What is electric traction? A:Electric traction means using the electric power for traction system (i.e. for
railways,trams, trolleys etc). Electric traction means use of the electricity for all the above machines. Now a days,
magnetic traction is also used for bullet trains.and basically dc motors are used for electric traction systems.
2. How can you start-up the 40w tube lite with 230v AC/DC without using any choke/Coil?

A:It’s possible by means of Electronic chokes,otherwise it’s not possible to ionize the particles in tube light with normal
voltage.
3. What is “pu” in electrical engineering?

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A:Pu stands for per unit and this will be used in single line diagram of power distribution and it is like a huge electrical
circuit with no of components (generators, transformers, loads) with different ratings (in MVA and KV). To bring all the
ratings into common platform we use pu concept in which, in general largest MVA and KV ratings of the component is
considered as base values, then all other component ratings will get back into this basis.Those values are called as pu
values. (p.u=actual value/base value).
4. Operation carried out in Thermal power stations?

A:The water is obtained in the boiler and the coal is burnt so that steam is obtained this steam is allowed to hit the
turbine , the turbine which is coupled with the generator generates the electricity.
5. Why link is provided in neutral of an ac circuit and fuse in phase of ac circuit?

A:Link is provided at a Neutral common point in the circuit from which various connection are taken for the individual
control circuit and so it is given in a link form to withstand high Amps. But in the case of Fuse in the Phase of AC circuit
it is designed such that the fuse rating is calculated for the particular circuit (i.e load) only.So if any malfunction happen
the fuse connected in the particular control circuit alone will blow off.
5. What is the difference between electronic regulator and ordinary electrical rheostat regulator for fans?

A:The difference between the electronic and ordinary electrical regulator is that in electronic regulator power losses are
less because as we decrease the speed the electronic regulator gives the power needed for that particular speed but in
case of ordinary rheostat type regulator, the power wastage is same for every speed and no power is saved.In electronic
regulator, triac is employed for speed control by varying the firing angle speed and it is controlled but in rheostatic
,control resistance is decreased by steps to achieve speed control.
6. How tube light circuit is connected and how it works?

A:A choke is connected in one end of the tube light and a starter is in series with the circuit. When supply is provided
,the starter will interrupt the supply cycle of AC. Due to the sudden change of supply the chock will generate around
1000 volts . This volt will capable of to break the electrons inside the tube to make electron flow. once the current passes
through the tube the starter circuit will be out of part. now there is no change of supply causes choke voltage normalized
and act as minimize the current.
7. whats is MARX CIRCUIT?

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A:It is used with generators for charging a number of capacitor in parallel and discharging them in series.It is used
when voltage required for testing is higher than the available.
8. What is encoder, how it function?

A:An encoder is a device used to change a signal (such as a bitstream) or data into a code. The code may serve any of a
number of purposes such as compressing information for transmission or storage, encrypting or adding redundancies
to the input code, or translating from one code to another. This is usually done by means of a programmed
algorithm,especially if any part is digital, while most analog encoding is done with analog circuitry.
9. What are the advantages of speed control using thyristor?

A:Advantages :1. Fast Switching Characterstics than Mosfet, BJT, IGBT 2. Low cost 3. Higher Accurate.
10. Why Human body feel Electric shock ?? n in an Electric train during running , We did nt feel any Shock ? why?

A:Unfortunately our body is a pretty good conductor of electricity, The golden rule is Current takes the lowest resistant
path if you have insulation to our feet as the circuit is not complete (wearing rubber footwear which doing some repairs
is advisable as our footwear is a high resistance path not much current flows through our body).The electric train is well
insulated from its electrical system.
11. what is the principle of motor?

Whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in an magnetic field it produce turning or twisting movemnt is called
as torque.
12. Why, when birds sit on transmission lines or current wires doesn’t get shock?

Its true that if birds touch the single one line (phase or neutral) they don’t get electrical shock... if birds touch 2 lines
than the circuit is closed and they get electrical shock.. so if a human touch single one line(phase) then he doesn’t get
shock if he is in the air (not touching – standing on the ground if he is standing on the ground then touching the line
(phase) he will get a shock because the ground on what we standing is like line (ground bed – like neutral)? and in the
most of electric lines the neutral is grounded..so that means that human who touch the line closes the circuit between
phase and neutral.
13. what is meant by armature reaction?

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The effect of armature flu to main flux is called armature reaction. The armature flux may support main flux or opposes
main flux.
14. what happen if we give 220 volts dc supply to d bulb r tube light?

Bulbs [devices] for AC are designed to operate such that it offers high impedance to AC supply. Normally they have low
resistance. When DC supply is applied, due to low resistance, the current through lamp would be so high that it may
damage the bulb element.
15. Which motor has high Starting Torque and Staring current DC motor, Induction motor or Synchronous motor?

DC Series motor has high starting torque. We can not start the Induction motor and Synchronous motors on load, but
can not start the DC series motor without load.
16. what is ACSR cable and where we use it?

ACSR means Aluminium conductor steel reinforced, this conductor is used in transmission & distribution.
17. What is vaccum currcuit breaker.define with cause and where be use it Device?

A breaker is normally used to break a ciruit. while breaking the circuit, the contact terminals will be separated. At the
time of seperation an air gap is formed in between the terminals. Due to existing current flow the air in the gap is
ionised and results in the arc. various mediums are used to quench this arc in respective CB’s. but in VCB the medium is
vaccum gas. since the air in the CB is having vaccum pressure the arc formation is interrupted. VCB’s can be used upto
kv.
18. What will happen when power factor is leading in distribution of power?

If their is high power factor, i.e if the power factor is close to one: 1.losses in form of heat will be reduced, 2.cable
becomes less bulky and easy to carry, and verycheap to afford, & 3. it also reduces over heating of tranformers.
19. whats the one main difference between UPS & inverter ? And electrical engineering & electronics engineering ?

uninterrupt power supply is mainly use for short time . means according to ups VA it gives backup. ups is also two types
: on line and offline . online ups having high volt and amp for long time backup with with high dc voltage.but ups start
with 2v dc with 7 amp. but inverter is startwith 2v,24,dc to 36v dc and 20amp to 80amp battery with long time backup.
20. What is 2 phase motor?

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A two phase motor is a motor with the the starting winding and the running winding have a phase split. e.g;ac servo
motor.where the auxiliary winding and the control winding have a phase split of 90 degree.
21. Advantages of vvvf drives over non vvvf drives for EOT cranes?

1.smooth start and stop. 2.no jerking of load. 3.exact posiitoning 4.better protection for motor. 5.high/low speed
selection. 6.reliability of break shoe. 7.programmable break control. 8.easy circutry 9.reduction in controls 10.increases
motor life
22. What is the significance of vector grouping in Power Transformers?

Every power transformer has a vector group listed by its manufacturer. Fundamentally it tells you the information
about how the windings are connected (delta or wye) and the phace difference betweent the current and voltage. EG.
DYN means Delta primary, Wye Secondry and the current is at o clock reffered to the voltage.
23. Which type of A.C motor is used in the fan (ceiling fan, exhaust fan, padestal fan, bracket fan etc) which are find in
the houses ?

Its Single Phase induction motor which mostly squirrel cage rotor and are capacitor start capacitor run.
24. Give two basic speed control scheme of DC shunt motor?

By using flux control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across the field winding to control the field
current.so by changing the current the flux produced by the field winding can be changed, and since speed is inversely
proportional to flux speed can be controlled .armature control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across
armature winding by varying the resistance the value of resistive drop(IaRa)can be varied,and since speed is directly
proportional to Eb-IaRa the speed can be controlled.
25. what is the principle of motor?

Whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in an magnetic field it produce turning or twisting movement is called
as torque.
26. what is meant by armature reaction?

The effect of armature flu to main flux is called armature reaction. The armature flux may support main flux or opposes
main flux.

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27. Give two basic speed control scheme of DC shunt motor?

By using flux control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across the field winding to control the field
current.so by changing the current the flux produced by the field winding can be changed, and since speed is inversely
proportional to flux speed can be controlled .armature control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across
armature wdg.by varying the resistance the value of resistive drop(IaRa)can be varied,and since speed is directly
proportional to Eb-IaRa the speed can be controlled.
28. what is the difference between synchronous generator & asynchronous generator?

In simple, synchronous generator supply’s both active and reactive power but asynchronous generator(induction
generator) supply’s only active power and observe reactive power for magnetizing.This type of generators are used in
windmills.
29. What is the Polarization index value ? (pi value)and simple definition of polarization index ?

Its ratio between insulation resistance(IR)i.e meggar value for 0min to insulation resistance for min. It ranges from 5-7
for new motors & normally for motor to be in good condition it should be Greater than .5 .
30. Why syn. generators are used for the production of electricity?

synchronous machines have capability to work on different power factor(or say different imaginary power varying the
field emf. Hence syn. generators r used for the production of electricity.
31. What is the difference between synchronous generator & asynchronous generator?

In simple, synchronous generator supply’s both active and reactive power but asynchronous generator(induction
generator) supply’s only active power and observe reactive power for magnetizing.This type of generators are used in
windmills.
32. 1 ton is equal to how many watts?

1 ton = 12000 BTU/hr and to convert BTU/hr to horsepower, 12,000 * 0.000929 = 4.715 hp therefore 1 ton =
4.715*.746 = .5 KW.
33. why syn. generators r used for the production of electricity?

synchronous machines have capability to work on different power factor(or say different imaginary pow varying the

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field emf. Hence syn. generators r used for the production of electricity.
34. Enlist types of dc generator?

D.C.Generators are classified into two types: 1)separatly exicted d.c.generator 2)self exicted d.c.generator, which is
further classified into;1)series 2)shunt and compound(which is further classified into cumulative and differential).
35. What is Automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)?

AVR is an abbreviation for Automatic Voltage Regulator.It is important part in Synchronous Generators, it controls
theoutput voltage of the generator by controlling its excitation current. Thus it can control the output Reactive Power of
the Generator.
36. What is an exciter and how does it work?

There are two types of exciters, static exciter and rotory exciter.purpose of excitor is to supply the excitation dc voltage
to the fixed poles of generator.Rotory excitor is an additional small generator mounted on the shaft of main generator. if
it is dc generator, it will supply dc to the rotory poles through slip ring and brushes( conventional alternator). if it is an
ac excitor, out put of ac excitor is rectified by rotating diodes and supply dc to main fixed poles.ac excitor is the ac
generator whose field winding are stationary and armature rotates. initial voltage is built up by residual magnetism.It
gives the starting torque to the generator.
37. Difference between a four point starter and three point starter?

The shunt connection in four point stater is provided separately form the line where as in three point stater it is
connected with line which is the drawback in three point stater
38. Why use the VCB at High Transmission System ? Why can’t use ACB?

Actually the thing is vacuum has high arc queching property compare to air because in VCB ,the die electric strengths
equal to 8 times of air . That y always vaccum used as inHT breaker and air used as in LT .
39. What is the difference between surge arrestor and lightning arrestor?

LA is installed outside and the effect of lightning is grounded,where as surge arrestor installed inside panels comprising
of resistors which consumes the energy and nullify the effect of surge.
40. What happens if i connect a capacitor to a generator load?

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Connecting a capacitor across a generator always improves power factor,but it will help depends up on the engine
capacity of the alternator,other wise the alternator will be over loaded due to the extra watts consumed due to the
improvement on pf. Secondly, don’t connect a capacitor across an alternator while it is picking up or without any other
load.
1. Why the capacitors works on ac only?

Generally capacitor gives infinite resistance to dc components(i.e., block the dc components). it allows the ac
components to pass through.
2. Explain the working principal of the circuit breaker?

Circuit Breaker is one which makes or breaks the circuit.It has two contacts namely fixed contact & moving
contact.under normal condition the moving contact comes in contact with fixed contact thereby forming the closed
contact for the flow of current. During abnormal & faulty conditions(when current exceeds the rated value) an arc is
produced between the fixed & moving contacts & thereby it forms the open circuitArc is extinguished by the Arc
Quenching media like air, oil, vaccum etc.
3. How many types of colling system it transformers?

1. ONAN (oil natural,air natural) 2. ONAF (oil natural,air forced) 3. OFAF (oil forced,air forced) 4. ODWF (oil
direct,water forced) 5. OFAN (oil forced,air forced)
4. What is the function of anti-pumping in circuit breaker?

when breaker is close at one time by close push button,the anti pumping contactor prevent re close the breaker by close
push button after if it already close.
5. what is stepper motor.what is its uses?

Stepper motor is the electrical machine which act upon input pulse applied to it. it is one type of synchronous motor
which runs in steps in either direction instead of running in complete cycle.so, in automation parts it is used.
6. How to calculate capacitor bank value to maintain unity power factor with some suitable example?

KVAR= KW(TAN(COS(-1)#e)- TAN(COS(-1)#d) )#e= EXISTING P.F.#d= DESIRED P.F.

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The term C.T means current transformer,and the term P.T means potential transformer.In circuit where measurements
of high voltage and high current is involved they are used there.Particularly when a measuring device like voltmeter or
ammeter is not able to measure such high value of quantity because of large value of torque due to such high value it can
damage the measuring device.so, CT and PT are introduced in the circuits. They work on the same principle of
transformer, which is based on linkage of electromagneticflux produced by primary with secondary.They work on the
ratio to they are designed.E.g if CTis of ratio 50005A and it has to measure secondary current of 8000A.then
ANS=8000*55000=8Aand this result will be given to ammeter .and after measuring 8A we can calculate the primary
current.same is the operation of PT but measuring voltage.
8. There are a Transformer and an induction machine. Those two have the same supply. For which device the load
current will be maximum? And why?

The motor has max load current compare to that of transformer because the motor consumes real power.. and the
transformer is only producing the working flux and its not consuming.. hence the load current in the transformer is
because of core loss so it is minimum.
9. what is power factor? whether it should be high or low? why?

Power factor should be high in order to get smooth operation of the system.Low power factor means losses will be
more.it is the ratio of true power to apparent power. it has to be ideally 1. if it is too low then cable over heating &
equipment overloading will occur. if it is greater than 1 then load will act as capacitor and starts feeding the source and
will cause tripping.(if pf is poor ex: 0.17 to meet actual power load has to draw more current(V constant),result in more
losses if pf is good ex: 0.95 to meet actual power load has to draw less current(V constant),result in less losses).
10. What is the difference between Isolator and Circuit Breaker?

Isolator is a off load device which is used for isolating the downstream circuits from upstream circuits for the reason of
any maintenance on downstream circuits. it is manually operated and does not contain any solenoid unlike circuit
breaker. it should not be operated while it is having load. first the load on it must be made zero and then it can safely
operated. its specification only rated current is given.But circuit breaker is onload automatic device used for breaking
the circuit in case of abnormal conditions like short circuit, overload etc., it is having three specification 1 is rated
current and 2 is short circuit breaking capacity and 3 is instantaneous tripping current.
1. what is boucholz relay and the significance of it in to the transformer?

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Boucholz relay is a device which is used for the protection of transformer from its internal faults, it is a gas based relay.
whenever any internal fault occurs in a transformer, the boucholz relay at once gives a horn for some time, if the
transformer is isolated from the circuit then it stop its sound itself other wise it trips the circuit by its own tripping
mechanism.
2. What is SF6 Circuit Breaker?

SF6 is Sulpher hexa Flouride gas.. if this gas is used as arc quenching medium in a Circuitbreaker means SF6 CB.
3. What is frantic effect?

Output voltage is greater than the input voltage or receiving end voltage is greater than the sending end voltage.
4. What is meant by insulation voltage in cables? explain it?

It is the property of a cable by virtue of it can withstand the applied voltage without rupturing it is known as insulation
level of the cable.
5. Why we do 2 types of earthing on transformer (ie:)body earthing & neutral earthing , what is function. i am going to
install a oo kva transformer & 380 kva DG set what should the earthing value?

The two types of earthing are Familiar as Equipment earthing and system earthing. In Equipment earthing: body ( non
conducting part)of the equipment shouldd be earthed to safegaurd the human beings.system Earthing : In this neutral
of the supply source ( Transformer or Generator) should be grounded. With this,in case of unbalanced loading neutral
will not be shifted.so that unbalanced voltages will not arise. We can protect the equipment also. With size of the
equipment( transformer or alternator)and selection of relying system earthing will be further classified into directly
earthed,Impedance earthing, resistive (NGRs) earthing.
6. What is the difference between MCB & MCCB, Where it can be used?

MCB is miniature circuit breaker which is thermal operated and use for short circuit protection in small current rating
circuit. MCCB moulded case circuit breaker and is thermal operated for over load current and magnetic operation for
instant trip in short circuit condition.under voltage and under frequency may be inbuilt. Normally it is used where
normal current is more than 100A.
7. Where should the lighting arrestor be placed in distribution lines?

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Near distribution transformers and out going feeders of 11kv and incomming feeder of 33kv and near power
transformers in sub-stations.
8. Define IDMT relay?

It is an inverse definite minimum time relay.In IDMT relay its operating is inversely proportional and also a
characteristic of minimum time after which this relay operates.It is inverse in the sense ,the tripping time will decrease
as the magnitude of fault current increase.
9. What are the transformer losses?

TRANSFORMER LOSSES – Transformer losses have two sources-copper loss and magnetic loss. Copper losses are
caused by the resistance of the wire (I2R). Magnetic losses are caused by eddy currents and hysteresis in the core.
Copper loss is a constant after the coil has been wound and therefore a measurable loss. Hysteresis loss is constant for a
particular voltage and current. Eddy-current loss, however, is different for each frequency passed through the
transformer.
10. What is the count of hvdc transmission lines in India?

Resolution:At present there are three hvdc transmission lines in india 1)chandrapur to padghe(mumbai)–(100 MW at
±00 kV DC) 2)rehand to delhi (100 MW at ±00 kV DC) 3)talchal to kolar (200 MW)
1. What is meant by regenerative braking?

Resolution:When the supply is cutt off for a running motor, it still continue running due to inertia. In order to stop it
quickly we place a load(resitor) across the armature winding and the motor should have maintained continuous field
supply. so that back e.m.f voltage is made to apply across the resistor and due to load the motor stops quickly.This type
of breaking is called as “Regenerative Breaking”.
2. Why is the starting current high in a DC motor?

Resolution:In DC motors, Voltage equation is V=Eb-IaRa (V = Terminal voltage,Eb = Back emf in Motor,Ia = Armature
current,Ra = Aramture resistance).At starting, Eb is zero. Therefore, V=IaRa, Ia = V/Ra ,where Ra is very less like
0.01ohm.i.e, Ia will become enormously increased.
3. What are the advantages of star-delta starter with induction motor?

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Resolution:(1). The main advantage of using the star delta starter is reduction of current during the starting of the
motor.Starting current is reduced to 3-4 times Of current of Direct online starting.(2). Hence the starting current is
reduced , the voltage drops during the starting of motor in systems are reduced.
4. Why Delta Star Transformers are used for Lighting Loads?

Resolution:For lighting loads, neutral conductor is must and hence the secondary must be star winding. and this
lighting load is always unbalanced in all three phases. To minimize the current unbalance in the primary we use delta
winding in the primary. So delta / star transformer is used for lighting loads.
5. Why in a three pin plug the earth pin is thicker and longer than the other pins?

Resolution:It depends upon R=rho l/a where area(a) is inversely proportional to resistance (R), so if (a) increases, R
decreases & if R is less the leakage current will take low resistance path so the earth pin should be thicker. It is longer
because the The First to make the connection and Last to disconnnect should be earth Pin. This assures Safety for the
person who uses the electrical instrument.
7. Why transformer ratings are in kva?

Since the power factor of transformer is dependent on load we only define VA rating and does not include power factor
.In case of motors, power factor depend on construction and hence rating of motors is in KWatts and include power
factor.
8. What is difference between fuse and breaker?

Fuses are burned at the time of over current flows in the circuit but breakers are just open(not burn) at the time of over
current flow. Fuses are used in only one time but breakers are used by multiple number of times.
9. What is the difference between delta-delta, delta-star transformer?

Delta-delta transformer is used at generating station or a receiving station for Change of Voltage (i,e) generally it is used
where the Voltage is high & Current is low.Delta-star is a distribution kind of transformer where from secondary star
neutral is taken as a return path and this configuration is used for Step down voltage phenomena.
10. Capacitor is load free component but why ampere meter shows current when capacitor bank breaker close?

As we know that Electrical is having two type of load, Active and Reactive .Capacitor is a reactive load which is not

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considering as a load,& its factor is Isin@ .Meter is design based on Current RMS value because of it meter is showing
the current RMS value.
1. What’s electric traction?

Traction implies with the electric power for traction system i. e. for railways, trams, trolleys etc. electric traction implies
use of the electricity for all these. Now a day, magnetic traction is also utilised for bullet trains. Essentially dc motors are
utilized for electric traction systems.
2. What is “pu” in EE?

Pu stands for per unit in power system. (pu = actual value/ base value)
3. Define stepper motor. What is the use of stepper motor?

The motor which work or act on the applied input pulse in it, is called as stepper motor.This stepper motor is under the
category of synchronous motor, which often does not fully depend of complete cycle. It likes to works in either direction
related to steps. for this purpose it mainly used in automation parts.
4. What is a differential amplifier? Also, explain CMRR.

Differential Amplifier: The amplifier, which is used to amplify the voltage difference between two input-lines neither of
which is grounded, is called differential amplifier. This reduces the amount of noise which is injected into the amplifier,
because any noise appearing simultaneously on both the input-terminals as the amplifying circuitry rejects it being a
common mode signal. CMRR: It can be defined as the ratio of differential voltage-gain to common made voltage gain. If
a differential amplifier is perfect, CMRR will be infinite because in that case common mode voltage gain would be zero.
5. What is use of lockout relay in ht voltage?

A lock-out relay is generally placed in line before or after the e-stop switch so the power can be shut off at one central
location. This relay is powered by the same electrical source as the control power which is operated by a key lock switch.
The relay itself may have up to 24 contact points within the unit itself. This allows the control power for multiple
machines to be locked out by the turn of a single key switch.
6. How can you start-up the 40w tube lite with 230v AC/DC without using any choke/Coil?

It’s possible with Electronic choke. otherwise it’s not possible to ionize the particles in tube. light, with normal voltage.

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7. What types domain of Laplace transforms? What behavior can Laplace transform predict how the system work?

Types domain of Laplace transforms is s-domain, Laplace transforms provide a method to find position, acceleration or
voltage the system will have.
8. In the magnetic fluxes, what is the role of armature reaction?

The armature flux has an important role for the running condition. This armature flux can oppose the main flux or it
may support the main flux for better running condition. This effect of supporting and opposing of main flux to armature
flux is called armature reaction.
9. Explain thin film resistors and wire-wound resistors

Thin film resistors- It is constructed as a thin film of resistive material is deposited on an insulating substrate. Desired
results are obtained by either trimming the layer thickness or by cutting helical grooves of suitable pitch along its
length. During this process, the value of the resistance is monitored closely and cutting of grooves is stopped as soon as
the desired value of resistance is obtained. Wire wound resistors – length of wire wound around an insulating
cylindrical core are known as wire wound resistors. These wires are made of materials such as Constantan and
Manganin because of their high resistivity, and low temperature coefficients. The complete wire wound resistor is
coated with an insulating material such as baked enamel
10. whats the one main difference between UPS & inverter ? And electrical engineering & electronics engineering ?

uninterrupt power supply is mainly use for short time . means according to ups VA it gives backup. ups is also two types
: on line and offline . online ups having high volt and amp for long time backup with with high dc voltage.but ups start
with v dc with 7 amp. but inverter is startwith v,24,dc to 36v dc and 0amp to 180amp battery with long time backup.
ELECTRICAL Engineering Interview Questions and Answers pdf for freshers :-

1. What are the operation carried out in Thermal power station? The water is obtained in the boiler and the coal is burnt
so that steam is obtained this steam is allowed to hit the turbine, the turbine which is coupled with the generator
generates the electricity
2. What is the difference between Electronic regulator and ordinary rheostat regulator for fans?

The difference between the electronic and ordinary regulator is the fact that in electronic reg. power losses tend to be

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less because as we minimize the speed the electronic reg. give the power necessary for that particular speed but in case
of ordinary rheostat type reg. the power wastage is same for every speed and no power is saved. In electronic regulator
triac is employed for speed control. by varying the firing angle speed is controlled but in rheostatic control resistance is
decreased by steps to achievespeed control.
3. What is 2 phase motor?

A two phase motor is often a motor with the the starting winding and the running winding have a phase split. e.g; ac
servo motor. where the auxiliary winding and the control winding have a phase split of 90 degree.
4. What does quality factor depend on in resonance?

Quality factor q depends on frequency and bandwidth.

There are normally three types of power are counted in electrical power. They are, • Apparent power • Active power •
Reactive power
6. What are the advantages of VSCF wind electrical system?

Advantages of VSCF wind electrical system are: • No complex pitch changing mechanism is needed. • Aero turbine
always keeps going at maximum efficiency point. • Extra energy in the high wind speed region of the speed – duration
curve can be extracted • Significant reduction in aerodynamic stresses, which are associated with constant – speed
operation.
7. What is slip in an induction motor?

Slip can be defined as the distinction between the flux speed (Ns) and the rotor speed (N). Speed of the rotor of an
induction motor is always less than its synchronous speed. It is usually expressed as a percentage of synchronous speed
(Ns) and represented by the symbol ‘S’.
8. Why link is provided in neutral of an ac circuit and fuse in phase of ac circuit?

Link is provided at a Neutral common point in the circuit from which various connection are taken for the individual
control circuit and so it is given in a link form to withstand high Amps. But in the case of Fuse in the Phase of AC circuit
it is designed such that the fuse rating is calculated for the particular circuit (i.e load) only.So if any malfunction happen

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the fuse connected in the particular control circuit alone will blow off.
9. State the difference between generator and alternator?

Generator and alternator are two devices, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Both have the same
principle of electromagnetic induction, the only difference is that their construction. Generator persists stationary
magnetic field and rotating conductor which rolls on the armature with slip rings and brushes riding against each other,
hence it converts the induced emf into dc current for external load whereas an alternator has a stationary armature and
rotating magnetic field for high voltages but for low voltage output rotating armature and stationary magnetic field is
used.
10. What is ACSR cable and where we use it?

ACSR means Aluminium conductor steel reinforced, this conductor is used in transmission & distribution.
197. What is the voltage gain or transfer function of amplifier?

Vout/Vin
198. What does the KVAR means?

The KVAR indicates the electrical power. KVAR means “Kilo Volt Amperes with Reactive components”
199. Why use the VCB at High Transmission System ? Why can’t use ACB?

Actually the thing is vacuum has high arc queching property compare to air because in VCB ,the die electric strengths
equal to 8 times of air . That y always vaccum used as inHT breaker and air used as in LT .
200. What is the difference between MCB & MCCB, Where it can be used?

MCB is miniature circuit breaker which is thermal operated and use for short circuit protection in small current rating
circuit. MCCB moulded case circuit breaker and is thermal operated for over load current and magnetic operation for
instant trip in short circuit condition.under voltage and under frequency may be inbuilt. Normally it is used where
normal current is more than 100A.
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