The Saudi Arabian Grid Code

Issue: 02
Revision: 01
March 2014

Prepared by:
National Grid SA

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 Chronology of Saudi Arabian Grid Code Revisions

Sr. Revision
Date Detail of the Revision
No. No.
19 November Amendment No. 09A023 pertains to the insertion of a new clause 5.3.6.3 after
2011 clause 5.3.6.2 to cover the priority dispatch of Cogeneration Plants.
Likewise, the following amendments have also been done for consistency with
1 1 the above amendment:
(i) existing clauses 5.3.6.3 up to 5.3.6.12 have been renumbered;
(ii) in Clause 5.4.2.4, “5.3.6.7” has been replaced with “5.3.6.8”; and
(iii) in Clause 5.4.2.7, “5.3.6.12” has been replaced with “5.3.6.13”.
19 November Amendment No. 09A025 pertains to the rephrasing of subsection 3.3.5
2 1
2011 regarding Planning Criteria and Standards.
19 November Amendment No. 09A027 pertains to the modification of 7.12.2 to cover the
3 1
2011 conformance of cabinet to the service conditions as specified in 01-TMSS-01.
19 November Amendment No. 09A028 pertains to the insertion of subsections 7.12.7, 7.12.8,
4 1
2011 and 7.12.9 to cover the sealing of meters.
19 November Amendment No. 09A029 pertains to the inclusion of a new section 7.13 after
2011 section 7.12 to cover the tampering of meters.
Likewise, the following amendments have also been done for consistency with
the above amendment:
5 1 (i) changes in the Table of Contents have been made as follows: (a) section
7.13 have been inserted and (b) the existing sections 7.13, 7.14, and 7.15
have been renumbered; and
(ii) changes in Chapter 7 have also been made such as the renumbering of
existing sections 7.13, 7.14, and 7.15.
Amendment No. 11A030 pertains to the modification of Clause 5.3.1.2,
10 September changing the start of the Schedule Day from 06:00 hours to 00:00 hours. Like-
6 1
2011 wise, the definition of Schedule Day as provided in the Glossary and Definitions
has also been revised.
Amendment No. 11A031 pertains to the modification of clauses 4.5.5, 4.5.5.1
to 4.5.5.3; 4.7.4.1 to 4.7.4.4; and 4.7.5.4 to harmonize the color of alerts with the
10 September requirement of the GCCIA’s Interconnector Transmission Code. The terms “Amber
7 1
2011 Alert”, “Blue Alert”, and “Red Alert” will be replaced with “Yellow Alert”, “Red Alert”,
and “Amber Alert”, respectively. Likewise, the Table of Contents and the Glossary
and Definitions have also been revised to reflect such changes. 3

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 Chronology of Saudi Arabian Grid Code Revisions

Sr. Revision
Date Detail of the Revision
No. No.
Amendment No. 11A033 pertains to the modification of 2.5.6.4, increasing the
8 1 01 May 2012
power factor requirement from 85% to 90%.
Amendment No. 13A034 pertains to the modification of clause 1.10.3 to include
9 1 25 May 2013 item (vii) one person to represent King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable
Energy (KACARE).

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 Table of Contents

Chronology of Saudi Arabian Grid Code Revisions 3

Foreword 15
Preface 16
List of Abbreviations 18
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL CONDITIONS 20
1.1 Introduction 20
1.2 Objectives 20
1.3 Scope 20
1.4 Grid Code Implementation and Enforcement 21
1.5 Settlement of Disputes 21
1.6 Unforeseen Circumstances 22
1.7 Suspension of Grid Code Provisions 22
1.8 Illegality and Partial Invalidity 22
1.9 Force Majeure 22
1.10 The Grid Code Supervisory Committee (GCSC) 23
1.11 Grid Code Amendment or Derogation Process 25
1.12 Communication between the TSP and Users 28
1.13 Data, Notices, and Confidentiality 29
1.14 Ownership of Plant and/or Apparatus 30
1.15 System Control 30
1.16 Code Interpretation 30
1.16.1 Precedence 30
1.16.2 Glossary and Definitions 30
1.16.3 Foreword, Preface, Table of Contents, and Titles 31
1.16.4 Mandatory Provisions 31
1.16.5 Plural and Gender 31
1.16.6 Person or Entity 31
1.16.7 Amendment of Standards 31
1.16.8 Figures 31
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 Table of Contents

CHAPTER 2 CONNECTION CODE 32

2.1 Introduction 32
2.2 Objectives 32
2.3 Grid Connection Procedure 33
2.3.1 General Provisions 33
2.3.2 Grid Impact Studies 34
2.3.3 Application for a New, or Modification of an Existing, Connection 35
2.3.4 Processing of the Application 36
2.3.5 Connection Agreement 38
2.3.6 Submittals Prior to the Commissioning Date 39
2.3.7 Commissioning of Equipment and Physical Connection to the Grid 40
2.4 Transmission System Performance 40
2.4.1 General Provisions 40
2.4.2 Frequency Variations 41
2.4.3 Voltage Variations 41
2.4.4 Harmonic Distortion 42
2.4.5 Voltage Unbalance 42
2.4.6 Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker Severity 42
2.4.7 Transient Voltage Variations 43
2.4.8 Grounding 43
2.5 Plant and Apparatus at Connection Points 43
2.5.1 General Provisions 43
2.5.2 Protection Equipment/Schemes 44
2.5.3 Operation and Maintenance Safety Conditions 47
2.5.4 Metering 47
2.5.5 Requirements for Generators 47
2.5.6 Requirements for Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers 51

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 Table of Contents

2.6 System Services 52

2.7 Site Related Conditions 53
2.7.1 Responsibility for Operation and Maintenance 53
2.7.2 Responsibilities for Safety 53
2.7.3 Site and Equipment Identification and Labeling 53
2.7.4 Connection Point Drawings 55
2.7.5 Site Responsibility Schedules 58
2.7.6 Access to Sites 58
2.7.7 Maintenance Procedures 59
2.7.8 Site Operational Procedures 59

APPENDIX A2.1: Preparation of Site Responsibility Schedules 61

A2.1.1 Principles 61
A2.1.2 Alterations to Existing Site Responsibility Schedules 62
A2.1.3 Responsible Managers 63

CHAPTER 3 PLANNING CODE 65

3.1 Introduction 65
3.2 Objectives 65
3.3 Grid Planning 66
3.3.1 Grid Planning Responsibility 66
3.3.2 Grid Planning Process 66
3.3.3 Submission of Grid Planning Data 67
3.3.4 Consolidation and Maintenance of Grid Planning Data 69
3.3.5 Planning Criteria and Standards 70
3.3.6 Grid Planning Studies 70

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 Table of Contents

APPENDIX A3.1: Standard Planning Data 71

A3.1.1 Historical Energy and Demand 71
A3.1.2 Energy and Demand Forecast 71
A3.1.3 Generating Unit/Station Data 72
A3.1.4 User System Data 73

Appendix A3.2: Detailed Planning Data 76

A3.2.1 Generating Unit/Station Data 76
A3.2.2 User System Data 79

CHAPTER 4 OPERATING CODE 82

4.1 Chapter Overview 82
4.2 Operational Demand Forecasts 83
4.2.1 Introduction 83
4.2.2 Definitions 84
4.2.3 Objectives 84
4.2.4 Data Required by the TSP for Operational Demand Forecasting 84
4.2.5 Transmission System Forecasts 87
4.3 Outage Planning 88
4.3.1 Introduction 88
4.3.2 Definitions 89
4.3.3 Objective 89
4.3.4 Planning of Generating Unit Outages 89
4.3.5 Planning of Transmission System Outages 98
4.3.6 Data Requirements 100

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 Table of Contents

4.4 System Services 101

4.4.1 Introduction 101
4.4.2 Objectives 101
4.4.3 Frequency Control 102
4.4.4 Voltage Control 103
4.4.5 System Control 106
4.4.6 Operating Margin 109
4.4.7 Black Start 112
4.5 Operational Liaison 114
4.5.1 Introduction 114
4.5.2 Objectives 114
4.5.3 Procedure for Notification of Operations, Events, and Significant Incidents 114
4.5.4 Significant Incidents 115
4.5.5 Yellow Alert 115
4.5.6 Significant Incident Reporting Procedure 116
4.6 Operational Communication between the TSP and Users 117
4.6.1 Introduction 117
4.6.2 Objectives 117
4.6.3 Contact Locations and their Adequacy 117
4.6.4 Communication Systems and Equipment 119
4.6.5 Conditions of Monitoring and Recording Equipment 119
4.6.6 SCADA Systems 120
4.7 Contingency Planning 121
4.7.1 Introduction 121
4.7.2 Objective 121
4.7.3 Terms and Conditions 121
4.7.4 Demand Control 123
4.7.5 System Restoration 125

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 Table of Contents

4.8 Operational Testing 127

4.8.1 Introduction 127
4.8.2 Objective 127
4.8.3 Operational Test Request 127
4.8.4 Establishing of the Test Group 128
4.8.5 Operational Test Program 130
4.8.6 Operational Test Report 131
4.9 Testing to Monitor, Investigate, and Verify Performance 131
4.9.1 Introduction 131
4.9.2 Objective 131
4.9.3 Monitoring 131
4.9.4 Investigation 132
4.9.5 Testing to Verify Performance 133
4.9.6 Commissioning Tests 133
4.9.7 Generating Unit Capability Tests 134
4.10 Cross-boundary Safety Assurance 137
4.10.1 Introduction 137
4.10.2 Objective 138
4.10.3 The Safety Rules 138
4.10.4 Safety at the Connection Point 138
4.10.5 Logs of Cross-Boundary Safety Precautions 139
4.10.6 Forms for Cross-Boundary Safety Precautions 139
4.10.7 Approval of Local Safety Instructions 140
4.10.8 Safety Representatives 140
4.10.9 Coordination on Safety Matters 141

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 Table of Contents

CHAPTER 5 SCHEDULING AND DISPATCH CODE 144

5.1 Introduction 144
5.2 Objective 144
5.3 Generation Scheduling 145
5.3.1 Scheduling Process 145
5.3.2 Generator Declarations 146
5.3.3 Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters 146
5.3.4 Generator Nominations 147
5.3.5 Communication of Declarations and Nominations 147
5.3.6 The Generation Schedule 147
5.3.7 Issuance of Generation Schedule 151
5.3.8 Negative Minimum Demand Regulation (NMDR) 152
5.3.9 Inadequate Operating Margin 152
5.4 Generation Dispatch 153
5.4.1 General Provisions 153
5.4.2 Dispatch Instructions to Generators 153
5.4.3 Generation Synchronizing and Desynchronizing Times 155
5.4.4 Dispatch of Active Power 155
5.4.5 Dispatch of Reactive Power 156
5.4.6 Additional Dispatch Instructions 158
5.4.7 System Emergency Conditions 158
5.4.8 Generating Unit/Station Parameter Changes 159
5.4.9 Excitation Control System Mode of Operation 159
5.4.10 Dispatch Instructions for Distribution Entities
and Directly-connected Customers 160
5.4.11 Nature of Dispatch Instructions 160

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 Table of Contents

APPENDIX A5.1: Generating Block/Unit Declaration 163

A5.1.1 Availability Notice 163
A5.1.2 Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters 163

CHAPTER 6 DATA AND INFORMATION EXCHANGE CODE 164

6.1 Introduction 164
6.2 Objective 164
6.3 Data and Information Categories and Registration 165
6.4 Procedure and Obligations 165
6.5 Data and Information Submissions 166
6.6 Data and Information to be Registered 167

SCHEDULE FORMS 169

Schedule 1: Generating Unit Technical Data 169
Schedule 2: Generating Unit/Station Outage Data 178
Schedule 3: Generation Operation Schedule Data 180
Schedule 4: Generation Operational Planning Data 182
Schedule 5: User System Data 184
Schedule 6: Connection Point Data 189
Schedule 7: Demand Control Data 190
Schedule 8: Scheduling and Dispatch Data 191
Schedule 9: User System Load Characteristics 193
Schedule 10: Fault Infeed Data 194
Schedule 11:User Demand Profiles and Active Energy Data 195
Schedule 12: Data Supplied by the TSP to Users 197

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 Table of Contents

CHAPTER 7 METERING CODE 198

7.1 Introduction 198
7.2 Objective 198
7.3 Metering Responsibility 198
7.4 Metering Equipment 199
7.5 Metering Point 200
7.6 Metering Parameters 200
7.7 Metering Data Storage and Availability 201
7.8 Metering Equipment Standards 203
7.9 Testing and Inspection of Metering Installations 205
7.10 Main and Check Metering 206
7.11 Timekeeping 206
7.12 Metering Access and Sealing 207
7.13 Damage, Tampering, or Unauthorized Interference
with Metering Equipment 208
7.14 Repair and Maintenance of Metering Equipment 209
7.15 Approval, Certification, and Testing of Metering Equipment 209
7.16 Meter Reconciliation 210

Glossary and Definitions 211

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 Table of Figures

No. Figure No. Title Page No.

1 Figure 1.1 Grid Code Amendment/Derogation Process 26
2 Figure 2.1 Procedure for Connection to the Grid 60
3 Figure 4.1 Description and time flow of various operational planning phases 85
4 Figure 4.2 Program horizon for Generating Unit Outages 89
5 Figure 4.3 Program Horizon for Transmission System Outages 98
6 Figure 5.1 Overview of Generation Scheduling Process 161
7 Figure 5.2 Overview of the Dispatch Process 162

List of Tables

Table Reference No.

Title Page No.
No.
1 Subsection 2.4.2 Frequency Variations 41
2 Subsection 2.4.3 Voltage Variations 41
3 Clause 2.5.2.6 Fault Clearance Times 45
4 Subsection 2.7.5 Pro Forma for Site Responsibility Schedule 64
5 Subsection 6.6.3 Applicability of Schedules to each Category of Users 168

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 Foreword

This is the second issue of the Saudi Arabian Grid Code. This version includes ECRA’s approved
amendments to the Code from November 2011 to May 2013. For the details regarding the
approved amendments, kindly refer to the Chronology of Saudi Arabian Grid Code Revisions in
page (3).

The recent approval made by ECRA is in Clause 1.10.3 regarding the inclusion of King Abdullah
City for Atomic and Renewable Energy (KACARE) to become a voting member of the Grid Code
Supervisory Committee (GCSC). KACARE has been created as per the Royal Order issued by King
Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, 17th of April 2010 to
contribute in meeting the country’s growing energy and water desalination need as well as
to reduce the country’s dependence on fossil fuels through the promotion of the sustainable
development of renewable energy and peaceful uses of atomic energy.

The summary of the other amendments are as follows: (i) to give priority dispatch to Cogeneration
plants; (ii) to incorporate the approved Planning criteria and Standards; (iii) to include the
required sealing of meters for protection against tampering; (iv) to change the time for Schedule
Day; (v) to harmonize the color of alerts with the Interconnector Transmission Code of the Gulf
Cooperation Council Interconnection Authority; and (vi) to increase from 85% to 90% the power
factor requirement at the User’s connection points.

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code will continue to be a live working document. ECRA is the final
authority in approving the proposed amendments based on recommendations submitted by the
Grid Code Supervisory Committee. As a user of this Grid Code, it is your responsibility to ensure
that you acquire the most up to date issue of the Grid Code which can be downloaded from
ECRA’s website WWW.ECRA.GOV.SA.

This Foreword is provided to Users and to prospective Users for their information only and does
not constitute as part of the Grid Code.

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 Preface

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code has been developed to define the rules and regulations for various
Participants for accessing and using the Transmission System of the National Grid SA, a wholly-
owned subsidiary of the Saudi Electricity Company. The Code has already established in the first
issue the obligations of the National Grid SA and other Grid Users—Generators, Distribution
Entities, and Directly-connected Customers—for accessing and using the Grid, in specific to: (i)
define obligations, responsibilities, and accountabilities of all the parties towards ensuring open,
transparent, non-discriminatory, and economic access and use of the Grid while maintaining
its safe, reliable, and efficient operation; (ii) define minimum technical requirements for the
Participants; and (iii) set out the information exchange obligations of the Participants.

Through its 7 chapters, the Saudi Arabian Grid Code attempts to cover matters such as defining of
technical, design, and operational criteria for Grid access and use, planning for Grid development
and reinforcement, System operation criteria and standards, Scheduling and Dispatch of supply
and demand resources, exchange of data and information, and metering policies and systems to
account for the Power and Energy transactions in the Grid.

Chapter 1, General Conditions, contains provisions which are of general nature and apply to all
sections of the Grid Code. Their objective is to ensure that the various sections of the Grid Code
work collectively and in harmony with each other for the benefit of all Participants.

Chapter 2, Connection Code, specifies basic principles and establishes a set of technical, design,
and operational conditions for the Users for connecting to and using the Grid. It also contains
information about the performance characteristics of the Transmission System at the Connection
Point to enable the Users to design their own facilities and schemes accordingly.

Chapter 3, Planning Code, provides a framework for enabling the TSP and Users to interact in
relation to planning and development of the Transmission System and also specifies the data and
information that they have to exchange with each other for this purpose.

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 Preface

Chapter 4, Operating Code, covers a host of topics relating to proper operation of the Grid such as
operational demand forecasting, Generation and Transmission maintenance planning, providing
and managing of system support services, operational liaison between the TSP and Users and
coordination of Safety, planning for and dealing with system contingencies, and organizing and
conducting of various tests.

Chapter 5, Scheduling and Dispatch Code, specifies the responsibilities and obligations of the TSP
and Users with respect to Scheduling and Dispatch of Generating Units and demand resources
and sets out the procedure for supplying of timely and accurate information by the Users to the
TSP, the TSP’s preparing and issuing of Generation Schedules, and issuing of Dispatch Instructions.

Chapter 6, Data and Information Exchange Code, sets out the obligations and responsibilities of
the TSP and Users in relation to the supply of data and information to each other, and also lists
the various categories of data and information to be exchanged between the TSP and the Users.

Chapter 7, Metering Code, deals with metering and recording requirements for Participants and
clarifies on their obligations relating to such installations. It also sets the minimum technical,
design and operational criteria to be complied with by Grid Participants relating to metering and
data collection Equipment and installations.

The Glossary and Definitions at the end provides brief definitions and explanation of the various
terms that have been used in the various parts of the Grid Code. These terms appear in the Grid
Code with their initial letters in uppercase.

The provisions of the Grid Code have been organized using an hierarchical list style numbering
system. For instance, the provision numbered as 3.5.2.1, represents clause number 1 of Chapter 3,
section 5, and subsection 2. Similarly, the provision numbered as 4.5.3.2 represents clause number
2 of Chapter 4, section 5, and subsection 3.

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 List of Abbreviations

A ampere
AC alternating current
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator
CT Current Transformer
DC direct current
DPD Detailed Planning Data
(E)HV (Extra) High Voltage
GCSC Grid Code Supervisory Committee
HV High Voltage
Hz hertz
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ITU International Telecommunication Union
kA kilo ampere
KA-CARE King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy
kV kilo volt
kvar kilo var
kW kilo watt
kWh kilo watt hour
kvarh kilo var hour
LV Low Voltage
min minute
MVA mega volt ampere
Mvar mega var

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 List of Abbreviations

Mvarh mega var hour

MW mega watt
MWh mega watt hour
NIOM Notification of Inadequate Operating Margin
NMDR Negative Minimum Demand Regulation
OD Operational Data
Plt Flicker Severity Index (Long-term)
Pst Flicker Severity Index (Short-term)
PSS Power System Stabilizer
PSS/E Power System Simulator/Engineering
PTI Power Technologies International
RMS root mean square
RPM revolutions per minute
RTU remote terminal unit
S second
SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition
SPD Standard Planning Data
STPM Short Term Planned Maintenance
TSP Transmission Service Provider
U Generating Unit
V volt
VA volt ampere
var volt ampere reactive
VT Voltage Transformer
W watt
Wh watt hour

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 CHAPTER 1
GENERAL CONDITIONS

1.1 Introduction
This chapter contains provisions which are of general nature and apply to all sections
of the Grid Code. Their objective is to ensure, to the maximum possible extent, that the
various sections of the Grid Code work collectively and in harmony with each other for
the benefit of all Participants.

1.2 Objectives
The specific objectives of General Conditions are the following:
(i) clarify on the legal and regulatory framework for implementing and
enforcing of the Grid Code;
(ii) specify the purpose, functions, and composition of the Grid Code
Supervisory Committee (GCSC);
(iii) describe the framework for making amendments to the Grid Code and for
seeking Derogations from its provisions;
(iv) define general rules regarding the communication between the TSP and
Users and exchange of data and information between them; and
(v) specify the general rules for interpreting the provisions of the Grid Code.

1.3 Scope
1.3.1 The Grid Code applies to the TSP and to all Users of the Grid, including all persons/parties
to whom any individual section of the Grid Code applies. In specific the following:
(i) The Transmission Service Provider (TSP);
(ii) Generators;
(iii) Distribution Entities; and
(iv) Directly-connected Customers.

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 1.3.2 The provisions under this Code apply to Users seeking new Connection, or modification
of an existing Connection, to the Transmission System. Users currently connected to the
Transmission System may have been designed to different standards and, therefore, may
not be able to comply in whole or in part with some or all of these conditions. Such Users
should seek Derogation by following the procedure set out in (1.11).

1.4 Grid Code Implementation and Enforcement

1.4.1 The TSP shall be responsible for the Grid Code implementation and enforcement.

1.4.2 For the above purposes, the TSP may need access to the services and facilities of Users or
to issue instructions to Users in order to implement and enforce the Grid Code (for
example, to isolate or disconnect Plant or Apparatus, etc.). All Users, therefore, are required
not only to abide by the letter and spirit of the Grid Code, but also to provide the TSP
with such rights of access, services and facilities and to comply with such instructions as
the TSP may reasonably require to implement and enforce the Grid Code.

1.4.3 Each party shall, at all times in its dealings with the other parties to the Grid Code, act in
good faith and in accordance with the established Good Industry Practices.

1.5 Settlement of Disputes

In case of a dispute between the TSP and a User about any provision of the Grid Code or
any issue relating to that provision, the TSP and the User shall first try to settle it bilaterally
by making all reasonable endeavors for resolving the dispute. If they cannot resolve the
dispute bilaterally, the dispute parties will proceed to deal with the dispute according to
the procedure prescribed for this purpose in the Electricity Law or guidelines issued by
the Regulator.

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 1.6 Unforeseen Circumstances
If circumstances arise which the provisions of the Grid Code have not foreseen, the TSP
shall, to the extent practicable, consult all Affected Users in an effort to muster consensus
on the action required. If agreement between the TSP and such Users cannot be reached
in the time available, the TSP shall determine the best course of action. Each User shall
comply with all instructions given to it by the TSP following such a determination
provided that the instructions are consistent with the then current technical parameters
of the relevant User’s System registered under the Grid Code. The TSP shall, as soon as
reasonably practicable following the occurrence of the unforeseen circumstance(s),
notify all relevant details thereof to the GCSC for consideration as laid down in (1.10).

1.7 Suspension of Grid Code Provisions

The provisions (in part or in whole) of the Grid Code may be suspended under abnormal
conditions or pursuant to any directions given by the Regulator or the Government.

1.8 Illegality and Partial Invalidity

If any provision of the Grid Code should become or be declared unlawful or partially
invalid for any reason, the validity of all remaining provisions of the Grid Code shall not
be affected.

1.9 Force Majeure

1.9.1 A Participant shall not be considered to be in Default with respect to that Participant’s
obligation(s) under the Grid Code, other than the obligation to pay money when due,
if that Participant is prevented from fulfilling its obligation(s) by Force Majeure. The
defaulting Participant shall give notice and the full particulars of such Force Majeure to
the other concerned party (or parties) in writing or by telephone as soon as reasonably
possible after the occurrence of the Force Majeure.

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 Telephone notices given shall be confirmed in writing as soon as reasonably possible and
shall specifically state full particulars of the Force Majeure, the time and date when the
Force Majeure occurred, and when the Force Majeure is reasonably expected to cease.
The Participant affected shall, however, exercise due diligence and all necessary efforts
to remove such disability and fulfill its obligations under the Grid Code.

1.9.2 Mere economic hardship shall not be considered Force Majeure. Acts of negligence or
wrongdoings shall also be excluded from Force Majeure.

1.10 The Grid Code Supervisory Committee (GCSC)

1.10.1 The TSP shall constitute and host the Grid Code Supervisory Committee (GCSC) in
accordance with the guidelines of the Regulator. The GCSC shall be a standing body
carrying out the functions referred to in (1.10.2) below.

1.10.2 The GCSC shall:

(i) keep the Grid Code and its working under review;
(ii) review all suggestions for amendments to the Grid Code which the
Regulator or any Participant may submit to the GCSC for consideration
from time to time or the GCSC initiates at its own;
(iii) make recommendations to the Regulator for amendments to the Grid
Code which the GCSC feels are necessary or desirable and record the
reasons for the recommendations;
(iv) issue guidance in relation to the Grid Code and its implementation,
performance, and interpretation upon the reasonable request of any
Participant;
(v) consider what changes are necessary to the Grid Code arising out of any
unforeseen circumstances referred to it by the TSP under (1.6); and
(vi) review and make recommendation to the Regulator for final decision on
any request that a Grid Participant submits to the GCSC to seek
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 1.10.3 The GCSC shall be a stakeholder representative committee and shall consist of the
following members:
(i) a Chairman and three (3) persons appointed by the TSP;
(ii) a person appointed by the Regulator;
(iii) two (2) persons representing Generators each having Generating Station
with a total Registered Capacity exceeding 500 MW;
(iv) one person representing Generators each having Generating Station with
a total Registered Capacity 500 MW or less;
(v) one person representing each Distribution Entity in the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia, in total four (4);
(vi) one person to represent Directly-connected Customers; and
(vii) one person to represent King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable
Energy (KACARE).

1.10.4 The GCSC shall establish and comply at all times with its own rules and procedures
relating to the conduct of its business, which shall be approved by the Regulator and
published by the GCSC within three (3) months of the formation of the GCSC.

1.10.5 The TSP shall provide administrative and logistic support to the GCSC for the GCSC’s
functioning by establishing the Grid Code Secretariat. This decision may be reviewed by
the Regulator. The Secretariat shall be accountable to the Regulator as well as to the GCSC
for its activities. The detailed functions and responsibilities, administrative structure, and
modes of operation of the Secretariat will be further elaborated by the GCSC in its rules
and procedure as laid down in (1.10.4) above.

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 1.11 Grid Code Amendment or Derogation Process
1.11.1 The Regulator is the approving authority for the Grid Code, as well as for making
amendments to it and for granting any Derogation from its provisions. For approving
any request for amendment or Derogation, the Regulator will be guided by the GCSC
recommendations on the relevant matter.

1.11.2 Any Participant, GCSC member, or the Regulator itself may propose amendments to the
Grid Code.

1.11.3 Any Participant can seek Derogation from complying with one or more provisions of the
Grid Code. The Derogation may be granted by the Regulator on the following grounds:
(i) to provide for existing Plant and/or Apparatus that has not been designed
in accordance with the provisions of the Grid Code;
(ii) to facilitate a smooth transition to the Grid Code from the existing
situation; and/or
(iii) to ease temporary constraints that prevent compliance and necessitate
exemption.

1.11.4 A Participant seeking Derogation shall make a written request to the GCSC and shall be
required to justify the request in terms of both the specific circumstances and the expected
duration. As a minimum, the application must include the following information:
(i) detail of the applicant;
(ii) relevant provision(s) of the Grid Code and the required performance;
(iii) a description of the relevant Plant and/or Apparatus and the nature and
extent of non-compliance;
(iv) a description of the proposal for restoring compliance (where applicable)
including details of actions to mitigate risks and restore compliance
including timetable;
(v) a description of the reasonable alternative actions that have been
considered; and
(vi) a statement of the expected duration of the non-compliance. 25

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 1.11.5 The process for seeking amendments to the Grid Code or seeking Derogation from its
provisions is depicted in Figure 1.1.

Figure 1.1. Grid Code Amendment/Derogation Process

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 1.11.6 On receipt of any request for Grid Code amendment or Derogation, the GCSC shall
promptly consider such request (by seeking expert advice/opinion on the request, if
necessary) and submit its recommendation(s) to the Regulator for a final decision.

1.11.7 The Regulator shall consider the request in light of the recommendation(s) of the GCSC,
and shall decide as appropriate. In deciding on the request, the Regulator may invite the
relevant Participant or any member of the GCSC to seek clarification on the request.

1.11.8 The Regulator shall communicate its final decision to GCSC for informing the relevant
Participant and/or for taking further action, as appropriate.

1.11.9 If a Derogation is granted, then the relevant Participant will not be obliged to comply
with the applicable provision of the Grid Code (to the extent and for the period of the
Derogation) and shall comply with any alternate provision as set forth in the Derogation.

1.11.10 A Derogation from the Grid Code will normally have an expiry date in order to review its
continued need and monitor performance towards compliance.

1.11.11 Every Derogation will be entered on a register maintained by the Regulator for this
purpose.

1.11.12 A Derogation granted to a Participant shall be non-transferable. Therefore, if a non-

compliant Plant or system is sold, the new Participant will need to seek a fresh Derogation.

1.11.13 Where a material change in circumstances has occurred, a review of any existing
Derogation, and any Derogation under consideration, may be initiated by the Regulator
at its own or at the request of any Participant.

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 1.12 Communication between the TSP and Users
1.12.1 Unless otherwise specified in the Grid Code, all instructions given by the TSP and
communications (other than those relating to the submission of data and notices)
between the TSP and Users (other than Generators) shall take place between the TSP
Control Engineer based at the TSP Control Center notified by the TSP to each User prior
to Connection and the relevant User’s Responsible Engineer at the User’s Control Center
notified by the User to the TSP prior to Connection or such other person as the TSP or the
User (as the case may be) may, from time to time, notify to the other for such purposes.

1.12.2 Unless otherwise specified in the Grid Code, all instructions given by the TSP and
communications (other than those relating to the submission of data and notices)
between the TSP and a Generator shall take place between the TSP Control Engineer
based at the TSP Control Center notified by the TSP to each Generator prior to Connection
and the Generator’s Responsible Engineer at the Generator’s Control Center notified by
the Generator to the TSP prior to Connection or such other person as the TSP or the
Generator (as the case may be) may, from time to time notify to the other for such
purposes.

1.12.3 Unless otherwise specified in the Grid Code, all instructions given by the TSP and
communications (other than those relating to the submission of data and notices)
between the TSP and Users will be by telephone, fax, or any other acceptable electronic
means, with a facility to record messages permanently.

1.12.4 Where instructions or communications are given under the Grid Code by means
of a communications system with a facility to record (by whatever means) messages
permanently and without access to erase or modify the recorded instructions and
communications, such recording (to be retained for at least one [1] year) shall be accepted
by the TSP and Users as evidence of those instructions or communications.

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 1.13 Data, Notices, and Confidentiality
1.13.1 All data and Notices required under the Grid Code (other than data which is the subject
of a specific requirement of the Grid Code as to the manner of its delivery) shall be
submitted electronically or through any other suitable means agreed upon by the
concerned parties. Written notices under the Grid Code shall be served either by hand
delivery, registered first-class pre-paid mail, courier service, or facsimile to the TSP or the
User, as the case may be.

1.13.2 All data submitted by a User to the TSP, prior to Connection or before the TSP’s making
an Offer of Connection, in compliance with the Grid Code provisions shall be treated as
confidential.

1.13.3 Appropriate data shall be made available by the TSP when requested by a User. These
data shall be used only for the purpose specified in the request and shall be treated by
the User as confidential.

1.13.4 Data delivered pursuant to paragraph (1.13.1) shall:

(i) in the case of data to be submitted by a User prior to the Connection of
its Plant and/or Apparatus to the Transmission System, in relation to
that Plant and/or Apparatus, be addressed to Manager, Network Planning
Department, at the address notified by the TSP to the User following
receipt of an application for Connection to the Transmission System, or
to such other department within the TSP or address as the TSP may notify
to the User from time to time; and
(ii) in the case of data to be submitted by a User in respect of Plant and/
or Apparatus already connected to the Transmission System, be addressed
to Manager, Network Planning Department, at the address notified by the
TSP to the User prior to Connection to the Transmission System, or to such
other department within the TSP or address as the TSP may notify to the
User from time to time. 29

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 1.13.5 Notices submitted to Users shall be addressed to such person as may be notified in
writing to the TSP from time to time by the relevant User at its address(es) notified by the
User to the TSP in writing from time to time for submission of data and service of Notices
under the Grid Code (or failing which to the registered or principal office of the User).

1.13.6 All data items, where relevant, will be referenced to nominal voltage and frequency
unless otherwise stated.

1.14 Ownership of Plant and/or Apparatus

References in the Grid Code to Plant and/or Apparatus of a User shall include Plant and/
or Apparatus owned by a User and Plant and/or Apparatus used by a User under any
agreement with a third party.

1.15 System Control

Where a User System (or part thereof ) is, by agreement, under the control of the TSP for
the purpose of communication and coordination in operational matters, the TSP can (for
those purposes only) treat that User System (or part thereof ) as part of the TSP System,
but otherwise, it shall remain to be treated as the User System (or part thereof ). This will
also include any User System or facility used by the TSP as part of the TSP’s Transmission
path.

1.16 Code Interpretation

1.16.1 Precedence
In the event of any conflict between the provisions of the Grid Code and any contract
or agreement between the TSP and a User, the provisions of the Grid Code shall govern,
unless the Grid Code expressly provides otherwise.

1.16.2 Glossary and Definitions

When a word or phrase that is defined specifically and in detailed manner in the Glossary
and Definitions is more particularly defined in another chapter, section, or sub-section
of the Grid Code, the particular definition in that chapter, section, or sub-section shall
prevail if there is any discrepancy. Such discrepancies, when noticed, will be brought to
30 the notice of the GCSC and will be removed during the next revising of the Grid Code.

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 1.16.3 Foreword, Preface, Table of Contents, and Titles
The Foreword, Preface, Table of Contents, and Titles have been added for the information
and convenience of the users of the Grid Code. These, therefore, shall not be considered
in interpreting the provisions of the Grid Code.

1.16.4 Mandatory Provisions

The word “shall” refers to a rule, procedure, requirement, or any other provision of the
Grid Code that requires mandatory compliance.

1.16.5 Plural and Gender

In interpreting any provision of the Grid Code:
(i) the singular shall include the plural and vice versa, unless otherwise
specified; and
(ii) one gender shall include all genders.

1.16.6 Person or Entity

Any reference to a person or entity shall include an individual, partnership, company,
corporation, association, organization, institution, or other similar groups.

1.16.7 Amendment of Standards

A reference to a standard in the Grid Code shall include any variation, revision, update,
or replacement of that standard.

1.16.8 Figures
Figures are provided in some sections of the Grid Code for the convenience of the Users,
and only to illustrate a process. In case of any discrepancy between the text and figures
regarding any provision of the Grid Code, the text shall prevail. Such discrepancies, when
noticed, will be brought to the notice of the GCSC and will be removed during the next
revising of the Grid Code.
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 CHAPTER 2
CONNECTION CODE

2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 This chapter specifies certain principles and establishes a set of minimum technical,
design, and operational conditions for the Users for connecting to and using the
Transmission System. The purpose is to protect the TSP facilities as well as the Plant and
Apparatus of the Users, and to ensure safe, stable, and secure operation of the System.
This chapter also provides detail on the performance characteristics of the Transmission
System at the Connection Point to enable the Users to design their own facilities
accordingly and to provide suitable control and Protection Schemes for them.

2.1.2 In addition to this Connection Code, there may be additional provisions in the individual
Connection Agreements between the TSP and the Users, defining, in greater detail and
in more specific terms, the mutual obligations of each party.

2.2 Objectives
The objectives of this chapter are the following:
(i) to provide a set of fair and non-discriminatory basic rules and standards
for accessing and using the Transmission System which must be complied
with by all Users;
(ii) to specify the normal Transmission System performance standards at the
Connection Point;
(iii) to specify the technical design and operational criteria at the Connection
Point; and
(iv) to clearly define the technical function, operational criteria, and ownership
of the Equipment connected to the Transmission System in accordance
with the relevant Site Responsibility Schedule.

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 2.3 Grid Connection Procedure
2.3.1 General Provisions
2.3.1.1 A User seeking a new, or modification of an existing, Connection, to the Grid shall secure
a proper Connection Agreement with the TSP by following the procedure specified in
this section, prior to the actual Connection to the Grid. This procedure is depicted in
Figure 2.1 on page (60).

2.3.1.2 The TSP shall establish the procedures for the processing of User applications for new, or
modification of an existing, Connection to the Grid. The TSP will also set out the time for
Connection after receiving all the required information from the applicant.

2.3.1.3 The time periods for a User’s new, or modification of an existing, Connection shall be
negotiated and agreed upon upfront, between the TSP and the User, in every case. Users
will be connected to the Transmission System based on Grid Impact Studies.

2.3.1.4 The conditions under this section apply to Users seeking new Connections to the
Transmission System. Users currently connected to the Transmission System may have
been designed to different standards and, therefore, may not be able to comply in whole
or in part with some or all of these conditions. Such Users should seek Derogations in
accordance with the provisions of (1.11) of Chapter 1: General Conditions. However,
these conditions shall be applied to Users if new installations or modifications (e.g. in
the Excitation System, etc.) are introduced on the User Site.

2.3.1.5 All Plant and Apparatus at the Connection Point shall comply with the relevant TSP
standards, or in their absence, other IEC, ANSI, or IEEE standards, unless modified by any
provision in the applicable Connection Agreement.

33

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 2.3.1.6 The Transmission System voltage level at which a User will be connected and the
Busbar configuration which a User’s System uses will depend upon, but not limited to,
the following:
(i) the size of the Generating Units and the number of Generating Units
comprised in the User System (for Generators);
(ii) the size of the MW Demand at the Connection Point (for Distribution
Entities and Directly-connected Customers);
(iii) consistency with future development of the Transmission System as well
as the coordinated planning of the Transmission System and of the
Distribution System/User System;
(iv) proximity to the existing Transmission System; and
(v) the cost of the proposed Connection.

2.3.1.7 The method of Connection used may exceed the relevant standards where this is
required by the User and is acceptable to the TSP.

2.3.1.8 The TSP shall deliver or take electric Energy at the Connection Point and shall not
be responsible in any manner whatsoever beyond that point.

2.3.1.9 In case of a dispute, the TSP shall try first to settle it bilaterally through negotiation with
the User. If can not settle it, the TSP will deal with the dispute according to the procedures
and mechanisms prescribed by the Regulator for this purpose.

2.3.2 Grid Impact Studies

2.3.2.1 The TSP shall develop and maintain a set of required technical planning studies for
evaluating the impact on the Grid of any proposed Connection or modification to an
existing Connection.

2.3.2.2 The TSP shall specify which of the planning studies described in (3.3.6) of Chapter 3 will
be carried out to evaluate the impact of the proposed User Development on the Grid.
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 2.3.2.3 Based on the magnitude and complexity of the proposed User Development, the TSP
may need to conduct more extensive planning studies. In such a case, the TSP will
indicate in its Offer of Connection this requirement.

2.3.2.4 The User shall indicate whether it wishes the TSP to undertake additional planning
studies. The User shall bear the full cost of the additional planning studies, if carried out
by the TSP.

2.3.2.5 To enable the TSP to carry out the necessary detailed Grid Impact Studies, the TSP may
require the User to provide some or all of the Detailed Planning Data listed in (Appendix
A3.2) of Chapter 3: Planning Code ahead of the normal timescale shown there.

2.3.2.6 A User applying for a new, or a modification of an existing, Connection to the Grid
shall take all necessary measures to ensure that the proposed User Development does
not degrade the Grid. The TSP may disapprove an application, if the Grid Impact Studies
indicate that the proposed User Development will (or may) result in the degradation of
the Grid.

2.3.3 Application for a New, or Modification of an Existing, Connection

2.3.3.1 A User applying for a new, or a modification of an existing, Connection, to the Grid shall
obtain the prescribed application form from the TSP available from the office of Manager,
Network Planning Department of the TSP.

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 2.3.3.2 The User shall submit to the TSP the completed application form along with the
applicable fees, published by the TSP and approved by the Regulator, for a new, or
modification of an existing Connection, to the Grid. The completed application shall
include, but not limited to, the following information:
(i) name, address, phone number, and email address of the applicant;
(ii) contact information for technical information;
(iii) location of facility, including a Site plan or area map;
(iv) a general description of the proposed Connection, or modification of
an existing Connection, which shall comprise the User Development at the
Connection Point;
(v) a description of the Plant and/or Apparatus to be connected to the
Transmission System or, as the case may be, of the modification relating to
the User’s Plant and/or Apparatus already connected to the Transmission
System;
(vi) the relevant Grid Planning Data as provided and listed in Chapter 3:
Planning Code, using the schedules provided for this purpose in Chapter 6:
Data and Information Exchange Code;
(vii) the desired Connection date and Operational Date of the proposed User
Development; and
(viii) demonstration of Site control.

2.3.3.3 The User shall submit the Grid Planning Data in three (3) stages, according to their
degree of commitment and validation as described in section (3.3.3) of Chapter 3:
Planning Code. These include: (a) Preliminary Project Planning Data; (b) Committed
Project Planning Data; and (c) Registered Project Planning Data.

2.3.4 Processing of the Application

2.3.4.1 The TSP shall process the User application for new, or modification of an existing,
Connection within thirty (30) days from the submission of the completed application
form and settlement of the admissible fees.
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 2.3.4.2 After evaluating the application submitted by the User, the TSP shall inform the User
whether its application is acceptable or not. The TSP will be entitled to reject a User
application if:
(i) accepting of a User Development can lead the TSP to a breach of its duties
under the Electricity Law, Implementing Regulations, License conditions,
the Grid Code, or any other rule, regulation, or standard relating to safe
and secure operation of the Grid; or
(ii) the applicant does not undertake to be bound, insofar as applicable, by
the terms and conditions of the Grid Code.

If the User application is acceptable, then the provisions of (2.3.4.3) through (2.3.4.6)
shall apply. If it is not, then the provisions of (2.3.4.7) through (2.3.4.9) shall apply.

2.3.4.3 If the User application is acceptable, the TSP shall make an Offer of Connection to the
User. The Offer shall include the following:
(i) details of how the Connection is to be made, including details of the Plant
and/or Apparatus that will be required to implement the Connection;
(ii) a description of any modification in the Transmission System that the User
is required to pay for;
(iii) an indication of the Connection Date and the Operational Date; and
(iv) an estimate of all the charges/costs for the Connection that the User has to
pay for.

2.3.4.4 The User shall accept the TSP’s Offer within thirty (30) days, or a longer period as specified
in the Offer, after which the Offer will automatically lapse.

2.3.4.5 The acceptance by the User of the TSP’s Offer of Connection shall lead to the signing of
a Connection Agreement or an amended Connection Agreement (as the case may be).

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 2.3.4.6 If a Connection Agreement or an amended Connection Agreement (as the case may be)
is signed, the User shall submit to the TSP, within thirty (30) days from the signing of the
agreement or a longer period if agreed to by the TSP and the User, the Standard Planning
Data and Detailed Planning Data (if required by the TSP) pertaining to the proposed
User Development, as specified in (Appendix A3.1) and (Appendix A3.2) of Chapter 3:
Planning Code.

2.3.4.7 If the application of the User is not acceptable, the TSP shall notify the User why its
application is not acceptable. The TSP shall include in its notification, where practicable,
a proposal on how the User’s application will be acceptable to the TSP.

2.3.4.8 The User shall accept TSP proposal within thirty (30) days, or a longer period as specified
in the proposal, after which the proposal will automatically lapse.

2.3.4.10 If the TSP and the User cannot reach an agreement on the proposed Connection or
modification to an existing Connection, the User’s application will be rejected. The User
may refer the matter to the GCSC if the User so desires.

2.3.5 Connection Agreement

The Connection Agreement between the User and the TSP shall meet the following basic
conditions:
(i) The TSP and the User shall comply with the Grid Code in letter and spirit.
(ii) The User shall submit reports containing technical and financial
information as required in the various sections of the Grid Code.
(iii) The TSP shall provide the User the relevant information in accordance with
its statutory and regulatory obligations.
(iv) The User shall provide to the TSP estimated details on the types of its loads
and the estimated profile of each major load (e.g. air conditioning,
combined heat and Power, motors, and drives, etc.).

38

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 (v) The User shall provide the TSP technical diagrams of the required
Connection as stated in this chapter or the application form.
(vi) The User shall provide the TSP details of Safety and Protection schemes at
the User facilities and for the Connection Point.
(vii) The Connection Agreement with the User shall also clearly specify the
operation and maintenance boundary between the User and the TSP.

2.3.6 Submittals Prior to the Commissioning Date

The following shall be submitted by the User prior to the Commissioning date, pursuant
to the terms and conditions and schedules specified in the relevant Connection
Agreement:
(i) specifications of major Equipment not included in the Standard Planning
Data and Detailed Planning Data.
(ii) details of the Protection arrangements and settings referred to in (2.5.2);
(iii) copies of all Safety Rules and instructions applicable to the User’s
Equipment and a list of Safety Representatives, pursuant to the
requirements of (4.10.8);
(iv) Electrical Diagrams of the User’s Equipment at the Connection Point as
described in (2.7.4);
(v) information that will enable the TSP to prepare the Connection Point
Drawings, referred to in (2.7.4);
(vi) a list of the names and telephone numbers of authorized representatives,
including the confirmation that they are fully authorized to make
binding decisions on behalf of the User, for Significant Incidents pursuant
to the procedures specified in section 4.5: Operational Liaison in Chapter
4: Operating Code;
(vii) proposed Maintenance Program;
(viii) Commissioning Tests procedures for the Connection Point and the User
Development; and
(ix) Site Test reports, clearance and readiness for Energization of the proposed
Connection Plant and Equipment. 39

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 2.3.7 Commissioning of Equipment and Physical Connection to the Grid
2.3.7.1 Upon completion of the User Development, including work at the Connection Point,
the Equipment at the Connection Point and the User Development shall be put to
Commissioning Tests procedure as specified in (4.9.6) of Chapter 4: Operating Code.

2.3.7.2 The User shall then submit to the TSP a statement of Readiness to Connect, which shall
include the Commissioning Test Reports.

2.3.7.3 Upon acceptance of the User’s statement of Readiness to Connect, the TSP shall, within
fifteen (15) days, issue a Technical Completion Certificate to the User if the TSP finds
the Commissioning Reports to be acceptable. Otherwise, the TSP will ask the User to
perform additional Tests as the TSP may consider necessary.

2.3.7.4 The physical Connection to the Grid shall be made by the TSP within ten (10) days of the
issue of Technical Completion Certificate by the TSP to the User.

2.4 Transmission System Performance

2.4.1 General Provisions
2.4.1.1 The TSP shall strive to maintain the Transmission System performance within the limits
and ranges specified in the Minimum National Power Quality Standards for the Saudi
Arabian Transmission Grid (currently under development). Until such time, the TSP shall
strive to maintain the Transmission System performance within the limits and ranges as
specified in this section.

2.4.1.2 Users shall ensure that their Plant and Apparatus at Connection Points are also designed
and operated such that these operate satisfactorily within the specified limits and ranges
to be set out in the Minimum National Power Quality Standards. Until such time, the
limits and ranges as specified in this section shall be adhered to.

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 2.4.2 Frequency Variations
2.4.2.1 The Transmission System shall have a nominal frequency of 60 Hz and R-Y-B counter-
clock-wise phase rotation. The TSP shall maintain it within the limits of 59.9 and 60.1 Hz
during normal Grid operation.

2.4.2.2 The System frequency could rise to 62.5 Hz or fall to 57.0 Hz in exceptional circumstances.
To enable the TSP to maintain the frequency within the limits specified in (2.4.2.1), the
design of Generator’s Plant and Apparatus must enable operation of that Plant and
Apparatus in accordance with the following:
Table1. Frequency Variations
Below Nominal Frequency (Hz) Above Nominal Frequency (Hz) Operation Requirement
58.8 – 60.0 60.0 – 60.5 Continuous
57.5 – 58.7 60.6 – 61.5 for a period of 30 minutes
57.0 – 57.4 61.6 – 62.5 for a period of 30 seconds

Other Users should ensure that their Equipment is designed or protected for these
exceptional circumstances.

2.4.3 Voltage Variations

The voltage at any point on the TSP system will normally remain within the nominal
values as stated in the table below, unless abnormal conditions prevail. Under exceptional
circumstances, the maximum over voltage limits stated below should not be exceeded
for more than thirty (30) minutes:
Table2. Voltage Variations
Nominal Voltage (kV) Normal Range 30-Minute Over-Voltage
110 kV ±5% + 10 %
115 kV ±5% + 10 %
132 kV ±5% + 10 %
230 kV ±5% + 10 %
380 kV ±5% + 10 % 41

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 2.4.4 Harmonic Distortion
2.4.4.1 All Plant and Apparatus connected to the Transmission System shall be capable of
withstanding the levels of Harmonic distortion expected to be present on the
Transmission System.

2.4.4.2 Plant and Apparatus connected to the Transmission System shall not impose voltage
Harmonics on the Transmission System which exceed the limits specified in the relevant
Connection Agreement, or when no such limits are specified there, a Total Harmonic
Distortion of 1.5% with no individual Harmonic greater than 1%.

2.4.4.3 Plant and Apparatus connected to the Transmission System shall not impose current
Harmonics on the Transmission System which exceed the limits specified in the relevant
Connection Agreement, or when no such limits are specified there, the limits specified
in IEEE Standard 519-1992: Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic
Control in Electrical Power Systems.

2.4.5 Voltage Unbalance

The User facility shall not cause the phase-to-phase unbalance of the System, as
measured with no load and with balanced three-phase loading, to exceed by more than
one (1) % at the Connection Point.

2.4.6 Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker Severity

2.4.6.1 The voltage fluctuation at any Connection Point with a fluctuating Demand shall not
exceed one (1)% of the nominal voltage level for step changes which may occur
repetitively. Any large voltage excursions other than step changes may be allowed up to
a level of three (3)% providing that this does not pose a risk to the Transmission System
or to the System of any other User.

2.4.6.2 The Flicker Severity at any Connection Point in the Transmission shall not exceed the
limits of Pst = 0.8 and Plt = 0.6, both 95th percentile values measured over a period of
one week.
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 2.4.7 Transient Voltage Variations
2.4.7.1 The User Systems shall be designed and operated to include the devices that will mitigate
the effects of transient over voltages and transient voltage dips on the Grid and the User
System.

2.4.7.2 The User shall take into account the effect of electrical transients when specifying the
insulation of their electrical Equipment.

2.4.8 Grounding
2.4.8.1 At voltages 110 kV and above, the Grid is effectively grounded with specified Ground
Fault Factor below 1.4.

2.4.8.2 The TSP shall specify in the Connection Agreement the Grounding requirements and the
applicable Ground Fault Factor at the Connection Points, if an exception is to be permitted
in certain cases.

2.5 Plant and Apparatus at Connection Points

2.5.1 General Provisions
2.5.1.1 Each Connection between a User and the Transmission System shall be controlled by a
suitable isolating device (isolating switch or circuit breaker, as determined by the TSP)
capable of interrupting at the Connection Point, the short circuit currents specified in
the relevant Connection Agreement.

2.5.1.2 The User shall be responsible to ensure that all the User Plant and Apparatus, including
Protection Schemes, are tested and maintained and remain rated for the duty required
of them.

2.5.1.3 Users shall own, operate, and maintain all the facilities beyond the Connection Point.

43

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 2.5.1.4 The TSP shall own, operate, and maintain all the facilities up to and including those at the
Connection Point.

2.5.1.5 The User shall comply with the operating instructions of the TSP with regard to various
systems (including all Plant and/or Apparatus) required to control electric Power and
Energy to (or from) that User’s facility.

2.5.2 Protection Equipment/Schemes

2.5.2.1 All Users shall be responsible for providing Protection for the Equipment and facilities at
their respective sides when connected to the Transmission System.

2.5.2.2 All User Protection Schemes, relays and their settings, shall require prior coordination
with and approval of the TSP’s relevant Protection engineering office.

2.5.2.3 The Protection Schemes shall isolate the faulty section and Equipment in case of Fault
with the dependability, selectivity, speed, and sensitivity as defined in the applicable
Connection Agreement or the Grid Code.

2.5.2.4 The protective Equipment connected to the Transmission System shall be tested to
achieve the specified level of dependability, selectivity, speed, and sensitivity in Fault
clearing and to minimize the impacts on the Grid.

2.5.2.5 The Protection Scheme’s ability to initiate the successful tripping of the circuit breaker
which is associated with the faulty Equipment shall be measured by System Protection
Dependability Index exceeding 99%.

44

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 2.5.2.6 Users shall comply with the following requirements for Fault clearance times (from Fault
inception to circuit breaker arc extinction) by primary Protection not exceeding:
Table3. Fault Clearance Times
Network Category Fault Clearance Times
110 kV 120 millisecond
115 kV 120 millisecond
132 kV 100 millisecond
230 kV 100 millisecond
380 kV 80 millisecond

The probability that these times will be exceeded for any given Fault must be less than
one (1)%.

2.5.2.7 To safeguard against failure of the primary Protection Systems provided to meet the
above Fault clearance time requirements, the Users shall also provide backup Protection,
which shall have Fault clearance time slower than that specified for the User primary
Protection. The TSP shall also provide backup Protection, which shall have Fault clearance
times slower than those of the User backup Protection.

2.5.2.8 In case of the failure to trip a User’s circuit breaker provided to interrupt Fault current
interchange with the Transmission System, circuit breaker fail Protection shall be provided
to trip all necessary electrically adjacent circuit breakers within 300 milliseconds. The
design reliability for Protection shall be equal to or greater than 99%.

2.5.2.8 Fault Disconnection Facilities

Where no circuit breaker is provided at the User Connection Point, the User must
provide to the TSP all necessary facilities and schemes to isolate with discrimination
and as necessary the Faults or Grid abnormalities, due to the User Connection, on the
Transmission System. In these circumstances, for Faults on the User System, the User
Protection should also trip higher voltage TSP circuit breakers. These tripping facilities
shall be in accordance with the requirements specified in the relevant Connection
Agreement. 45

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 2.5.2.9 Loss of Excitation Protection for Generating Units
The Generator must provide Protection to detect loss of Generating Unit Excitation and
initiate a trip of the associated Generating Unit.

2.5.2.10 Pole Slip Protection for Generating Units

Where, in the TSP’s reasonable opinion, System requirements dictate, the TSP will specify
in the Connection Agreement and/or Use of System Agreement a requirement for
Generators to fit pole slip Protection on their Generating Units.

2.5.2.11 Access to Protection Equipment at Connection Points

No Busbar Protection, mesh corner Protection, circuit breaker fail Protection relays, AC or
DC wiring (other than Power supplies or DC tripping associated with the User’s Plant and
Apparatus) shall be worked upon or altered by, or on behalf of, a User in the absence of
a representative of, or written authority from, the TSP.

2.5.2.12 Automatic Switching Equipment

Where automatic re-closing of TSP circuit breakers is required following Faults on the
User System, automatic switching Equipment shall be provided in accordance with the
requirements of the relevant Connection Agreement.

2.5.2.13 Relay Settings

(i) Protection and relay settings shall be coordinated by the TSP and User(s)
across the Connection Point in accordance with the Connection
Agreement to ensure effective Disconnection of faulty Apparatus. In case
of a dispute between any party on such issues, the TSP shall be the final
deciding authority.
(ii) The TSP may install special Protection Schemes to safeguard against
collapse of the System for any foreseeable situation, e.g. during high
summer load seasons. In the event of loss of major Transmission line(s)
leading to voltage collapse in the Transmission System, The TSP may need
to resort to a large scale load shedding to halt damaging voltage collapse
46 which may lead to brownouts and eventual blackouts.

3512-00 - SEC- The Saudi Arabian Grid Code v12.indd 46 4/27/14 9:59 AM
 2.5.3 Operation and Maintenance Safety Conditions
2.5.3.1 All Users responsible for the operation and maintenance shall also be responsible for
the Safety of Equipment, persons, and facilities at their respective sides connected to the
Transmission System. On Safety issues, Users shall follow the procedures as laid down in
section 4.10 of Chapter 4: Operating Code and the Safety Rules referred to in that section.

2.5.3.2 Site Responsibility Schedule as provided in (2.7.5) will specify the ownership
responsibilities of each User connecting to the Transmission System for the following:
(i) ownership of the Plant/Equipment;
(ii) the responsibility for operation and maintenance;
(iii) Safety Rules and Procedures; and
(iv) control of Plant/Equipment and facilities at their respective side.

2.5.4 Metering
Metering Equipment shall be installed at Connection Points in accordance with the
provisions of the Connection Agreement and the standards defined in Chapter 7:
Metering Code.

2.5.5 Requirements for Generators

2.5.5.1 All Generating Units must be capable of supplying rated Active Power output at any
point between the limits 85% Power Factor lagging and 95% Power Factor leading at
the Generating Unit terminals, unless otherwise agreed expressly by the TSP in the
Connection Agreement.

2.5.5.2 All Generating Units must be capable of continuously supplying their rated Active Power
output at the Generating Unit terminals within the System frequency range 59.5 to 60.5
Hz. Any decrease of Active Power output occurring in the frequency range 57.0 to 59.5
Hz should not be more than a proportionate decrease in the frequency.

47

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 2.5.5.3 The Active Power output at the Generating Unit terminals under steady state conditions
should not be affected by voltage changes in the normal operating range specified in
(2.4.3).

2.5.5.4 Transformation ratio and tap changer of step up transformer and the auxiliary services
transformer, as well as the voltage range and Excitation of the Generating Unit shall be
designed and adjusted so that the Generating Unit is at normal operating voltage of the
Grid, capable of producing or absorbing (as the case may be), continuously the Reactive
Power defined by the capability curve of the Generating Unit (at Generating Unit voltage
level). The Generating Unit’s continuous Reactive Power capability shall not be restrained
by main or auxiliary Equipment, control, Protection, or operating procedures.

2.5.5.5 The Generating Unit shall be capable of absorbing continuously the Reactive Power
(under Excitation operation) defined by the capability curve of the Generating Unit also
at maximum voltages (380, 230, 132, 115, and 110 kV of the Grid) assuming that Stability
is maintained.

2.5.5.6 The Reactive Power output at the Generating Unit terminals under steady state conditions
and at rated Active Power should be fully available within the range ± five (5)% of nominal
voltage at the Connection Point.

2.5.5.7 The TSP may require a Black Start capability from certain strategically located Generating
Units/Stations. In such cases, Generators will provide Black Start capability through an
agreement with the TSP. If an agreement cannot be reached on this issue, the TSP or the
Generator shall refer the matter to the Regulator for resolution. Generators, committing
to provide Black Start capability, shall also allow to the TSP access to their Black Start
Units for testing and drills, as and when required by the TSP.

48

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 2.5.5.8 In case the System frequency momentarily rises to 62.5 Hz or falls to 57.0 Hz, all
Generating Units shall remain in synchronism with the Transmission System for the
operating times stated in (2.4.2) to allow the TSP to undertake measures to correct
the situation. Each Generating Unit must be capable of contributing to, in a manner
satisfactory to the TSP, Frequency and Voltage Control by modulation of Active Power
and Reactive Power supplied to the Transmission System or a User System.

2.5.5.9 The System frequency could vary within the limits given in (2.4.2) and Generating Units
are required to be capable of satisfactory operation at any frequency within this range
unless the TSP has agreed in the Connection Agreement to the use of any frequency-
level relays and/or rate-of-change-of-frequency relays which will trip Generating Unit
within this frequency range.

2.5.5.10 Each Generating Unit shall be fitted with a fast-acting Speed Governor System to
provide Power and Frequency Control under normal operating conditions. The Speed
Governor System shall be designed and operated freely to regulate System frequency
and shall have adjustable Governor Droop setting within 2% to 8%. The normal set point
will be generally at 5%. Total Governor Deadband (inherent plus intentional) should be
0.05 Hz or less. The above Droop and Deadband requirement shall apply for an entire
combined-cycle Generation facility. Generators shall not change frequency or load
related control settings of Speed Governors without the prior agreement of the TSP. In
islanding situations, the Generating Unit’s Speed Governor System must also be able to
operate at frequency range between 57.5 Hz and 60.2Hz.

2.5.5.11 Each Generating Unit shall be equipped with high response Excitation System with
continuously acting Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) system to control the Unit
terminal voltage. The AVR shall be designed and operated to maintain the steady-state
terminal voltage within ± 0.5% of the set point in the normal voltage range as specified
in (2.4.3) without instability over the entire operating range of the Unit. Ceiling voltage
for static Exciters shall be at least twice, and for brushless Exciters at least 1.6 times the
rated field voltage of the Generating Unit. The Excitation System shall be capable of
supplying its ceiling voltage for 10 seconds. Generators shall not disable this automatic
control mode without prior approval of the TSP. Each Generating Unit shall be required
to include Power System Stabilizing (PSS) and var limiting Equipment as well. 49

3512-00 - SEC- The Saudi Arabian Grid Code v12.indd 49 4/27/14 9:59 AM
 2.5.5.12 On-load tap changing facilities shall be required on Generator step-up transformers
for Dispatch of Reactive Power. The transformer voltage ratio, tapping range, and step
sizes must be such that the Reactive Power requirements specified in (2.5.5.6) are fully
complied with.

2.5.5.13 The TSP shall be entitled to acquire such operational metering, control parameters, and
Plant data as it may reasonably require for the purposes of discharging its statutory and
regulatory obligations.

2.5.5.14 A Generating Unit, and the Station in which the Generating Unit is located, must be
capable of continuous uninterrupted operation for the voltage variation specified in
(2.4.3), and for Faults on the Transmission System which may cause the voltage at the
Connection Point to drop to between 0% and 80% of the nominal voltage for a period of
up to 300 millisecond in any one phase or combination of phases, followed by a period
of one (1) second where voltage may vary in the range 80-110% of the nominal voltage,
and a subsequent return of the voltage within the range 90-110% of the nominal voltage.

2.5.5.15 Generating Units shall be capable of withstanding, without tripping, a negative phase
sequence loading appropriate to their rated full load in accordance with the IEEE
Standard C37.102-1995: IEEE Guide for AC Generator Protection. In addition they shall be
required to withstand, without tripping, the negative phase sequence loading incurred
by clearance of a close-up phase-to-phase Fault by backup Protection on the User
System of which they are a part.

2.5.5.16 The higher voltage windings of the Generating Unit step-up transformer connecting
the Generating Unit to the Transmission System must be star connected with the
star point grounded in accordance with IEEE Standard C37.101-1993: IEEE Guide for
Generator Ground Protection. If adjacent to a TSP Substation, it shall be connected to
the Grounding System of that Substation.

50

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 2.5.5.17 Generators will be responsible for protecting their Generating Units against the risk of
any damage which might result from any frequency excursion outside the range 57.0
Hz to 62.5 Hz and for deciding whether or not to interrupt the Connection between his
Plant and/or Apparatus and the Transmission System in the event of such a frequency
excursion.

2.5.5.18 Following the disconnection from the Grid, the Generating Unit/Station must change
over to House Load Operation for one (1) hour.

2.5.5.19 Control Synchronizing shall be provided by Generators at circuit breakers identified by

the TSP, which, depending on the Plant configuration, shall include:
(i) the Generating Unit circuit breaker; and
(ii) the Generator transformer HV circuit breaker.

2.5.5.20 The TSP will provide to the Generator signals from the TSP operated Plant and Apparatus
as required to facilitate Synchronizing on the Generator transformer HV circuit breaker
or the Generating Unit circuit breaker (as agreed with the TSP), in accordance with the
relevant Connection Agreement. The Synchronizing facilities as stated in (2.5.5.19) shall
facilitate Synchronizing under the following conditions:
(i) Transmission System frequency within the limits specified in (2.4.2);
(ii) Transmission System voltage within the limits as specified in (2.4.3).

2.5.6 Requirements for Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers

2.5.6.1 At nominal System voltages of 110 kV and above, the higher voltage windings of three
phase transformers and transformer banks connected to the Transmission System,
if star-connected, shall have their star point suitable for connection to Ground. For
this purpose neutral connection must be brought out of the tank to enable external
connection to Ground. The Grounding and lower voltage winding arrangement shall be
such as to ensure that the Ground Fault Factor requirement as stated in (2.4.8.1) of the
Grid Code are satisfactorily met on the Transmission System at nominal System voltages
of 110 kV and above. 51

3512-00 - SEC- The Saudi Arabian Grid Code v12.indd 51 4/27/14 9:59 AM
 2.5.6.2 As required in Chapter 4: Operating Code, each Distribution Entity shall make
arrangements that shall facilitate automatic low frequency Disconnection of Demand.
The Connection Agreement shall specify the manner in which Demand subject to low
frequency Disconnection shall be split into discrete MW blocks with associated Under
Frequency Relay settings. Technical requirements relating to Under Frequency Relays
will be specified in the Connection Agreement or relevant standards.

2.5.6.3 The Under Frequency Relays for Automatic Load Dropping shall be provided at the
Connection Point by the Users as per the Connection Agreement. The TSP may allow a
User to have such schemes installed on User side of the Connection Point providing that,
if considered necessary and required by the TSP, one hundred (100)% of the User load
may be shed.

2.5.6.4 Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers shall ensure that the Power
Factor at the Connection Point does not fall below 90% lagging at any time and shall
provide appropriate Power Factor improvement facilities to ensure that.

2.5.6.5 Reactive Power compensation shall be provided by the Distribution Entities at Low
Voltage System close to the load point to avoid excessive Reactive Power losses and to
enable the TSP to maintain the Transmission System voltage within the limits as specified
in (2.4.3).

2.6 System Services

The relevant Connection Agreement or Power Supply or Purchase Agreement (as the
case may be) will contain requirements for the capability for certain System Services
from the following list which may be needed for proper System operation:
(i) Voltage Control and Reactive Power Support (when used exclusively for
such purpose);
(ii) Primary Control of Generating Units;
(iii) Secondary Control of Generating Units;
(iv) Black Start Capability;
(v) Operating Margin (Operating/Contingency Reserve);
52 (vi) Interruptible Load; and
(vii) any other System Service.

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 2.7 Site Related Conditions
2.7.1 Responsibility for Operation and Maintenance
In the absence of an agreement between the parties to the contrary, operation and
maintenance responsibilities shall follow ownership.

2.7.2 Responsibilities for Safety

2.7.2.1 Any User entering and working on its Plant and/or Apparatus on a TSP Site shall work to
the TSP Safety Rules.

2.7.2.2 The TSP entering and working on its Plant and/or Apparatus on a User Site shall work to
the TSP Safety Rules. However, for User Sites where the TSP staff may be exposed to
some special risks (for instance, hazardous or toxic substances or gases, etc.), the TSP, in
addition to its own Safety Rules, will follow the User Safety Rules also.

2.7.3 Site and Equipment Identification and Labeling

2.7.3.1 The TSP shall provide to each User details of TSP’s current numbering and nomenclature
system to enable the User to plan the numbering and nomenclature of its own (E)HV
Plant and Apparatus on the Connection Site.

2.7.3.2 The party installing Plant and/or Apparatus shall be responsible for providing and
installing of clear and unambiguous labels showing the Site and Equipment identification
at its respective System.

2.7.3.3 The numbering and nomenclature of each item of Plant and/or Apparatus shall be
included in the Operation Diagram prepared for each Site.

2.7.3.4 For TSP Plant and/or Apparatus on a User Site

(i) If the TSP intends to install its E(HV) Plant and/or Apparatus on a User Site,
it shall notify the relevant User of its intent in writing by showing the
proposed Plant and/or Apparatus, with clear numbers and nomenclature,
on an Operation Diagram and by giving date of the proposed installation,
at least six (6) months ahead of the proposed installation.
53

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 (ii) the relevant User will confirm to the TSP in writing within one (1) month
of the receipt of such notification, either its acceptance of the TSP proposal
or objection(s), if any, by stating the reasons for the objection(s).
(iii) the relevant User will not install, or permit the installation of, any (E)
HV Plant and/or Apparatus on such User Site which has numbering and/or
nomenclature which could be confused with that of (E)HV Plant and/
or Apparatus of the TSP already on that User Site or about which the TSP
has notified to that User that it intends to install on that Site.

2.7.3.5 For User Plant and/or Apparatus on the TSP Sites

(i) If a User intends to install its (E)HV Plant and/or Apparatus on a TSP Site, it
shall notify the TSP of its intent in writing by showing the proposed Plant
and/or Apparatus, with clear numbers and nomenclature, on the
Operation Diagram and by giving date of the proposed installation, at
least six (6) months ahead of the proposed installation.
(ii) the TSP will respond in writing to the User within one (1) month of the
receipt of the notification either confirming its acceptance of the User
proposed numbering and nomenclature or, if they are not acceptable, by
giving details of the numbering and nomenclature which the User shall
adopt for that (E)HV Apparatus.

2.7.3.6 Changes
If the TSP intends to change the existing numbering or nomenclature of either its own
(E)HV Plant and/or Apparatus on a User Site or of the User (E)HV Plant and/or Apparatus
on a TSP Site:
(i) the provisions of paragraph (2.7.3.4) shall apply to such change of
numbering or nomenclature of the (E)HV Plant and/or Apparatus of the
TSP with any necessary amendments to those provisions to reflect that
only a change is being made; and
(ii) in the case of a change in the numbering or nomenclature of (E)HV Plant
and/or Apparatus of the User on a TSP Site, the TSP shall notify the User
of the numbering and/or nomenclature that the User shall adopt for that
(E)HV Plant and/or Apparatus at least six (6) months prior to the change
being needed and the User will respond in writing to the TSP within one
(1) month of the receipt of the notification, confirming receipt.
54 In either case, the notification shall indicate the reason for the proposed change.

3512-00 - SEC- The Saudi Arabian Grid Code v12.indd 54 4/27/14 9:59 AM
 2.7.4 Connection Point Drawings
2.7.4.1 Connection Point Drawings shall be prepared for each Connection Site and shall include
Site layout drawings, mechanical drawings, electrical layout drawings, electrical Single
Line Diagrams, common Protection/control drawings, and common services drawings.

2.7.4.2 The TSP shall specify the procedure and format to be followed in the preparation of the
Connection Point Drawings for any Connection Point.

2.7.4.3 The User shall prepare and submit to the TSP, drawings for all the Equipment, circuits,
and facilities on the User’s side of the Connection Point, in accordance with the schedule
specified in the Connection Agreement.

2.7.4.4 The TSP shall provide the User with drawings for all the Equipment, circuits, and facilities
on the TSP side of the Connection Point, in accordance with the schedule specified in the
Connection Agreement.

2.7.4.5 If the Connection Point is at the User’s Site, the User shall prepare and distribute
Connection Point Drawings for the entire Connection Point. Otherwise, the TSP shall
prepare and distribute the Connection Point Drawings for the entire Connection Point.

2.3.4.6 The Connection Point Drawings shall provide an accurate record of the layout and circuit
connections, ratings and identification of Equipment, and related Apparatus and devices
at the Connection Point.

2.7.4.7 If possible, all the electrical Equipment at the Connection Point shall be shown in one
Connection Point Drawing. When more than one Drawing is necessary, duplication
of identical information shall be minimized. The Connection Point Drawing(s) shall
represent, as closely as possible, the physical arrangement of the Equipment and their
electrical connections.

55

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 2.7.4.8 The Connection Point Drawing shall be prepared using the Site and Equipment
identification and labeling prescribed in (2.7.3).

2.7.4.9 The title block of the Connection Point Drawings shall include the names of authorized
persons together with provisions for the details of revisions, dates, and signatures.

2.7.4.10 The Connection Point Drawings shall have the TSP stamp. The master copy of the
Connection Point Drawings shall remain with the TSP.

2.7.4.11 If a dispute arises, a meeting shall be held between the TSP and the User to resolve the
dispute at the shortest possible time.

2.7.4.12 Preparation of Connection Point Drawings for a Connection Point at a User Site
(i) In the case of a Connection Point at a User Site, the TSP shall prepare and
submit to the User, Connection Point Drawings for the TSP side of the
Connection Point in accordance with the requirements of the Connection
Agreement.
(ii) The User shall then prepare, produce, and distribute, using the information
provided by the TSP, Connection Point Drawings for the complete
Connection Site in accordance with the requirements of the Connection
Agreement for approval by the TSP.

2.7.4.13 Preparation of Connection Point Drawings for a Connection Point at a TSP Site
(i) In the case of a Connection Point at a TSP Site, the User shall prepare and
submit to the TSP, Connection Point Drawings for the User side of the
Connection Point in accordance with the requirements of the Connection
Agreement.
(ii) The TSP shall then prepare, produce, and distribute, using the information
submitted by the User, Connection Point Drawings for the complete
Connection Site in accordance with the requirements of the Connection
Agreement.

56

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 2.7.4.14 User Changes to Site Common Drawings
(i) A User feeling the necessity to change any aspect of the Connection Point
Drawings at a Connection Site shall do the following:
(a) for a Connection Point at a User Site, the User shall prepare,
produce, and distribute, after getting them approved by the TSP,
revised Connection Point Drawings for the complete Connection
Site; and
(b) for a TSP Site, the User shall prepare and submit to the TSP revised
Connection Point Drawings for the User side of the Connection
Point and the TSP shall then prepare, produce, and distribute, using
the information submitted by the User, revised Connection Point
Drawings for the complete Connection Site.
(ii) If the User change can be dealt with by it notifying the TSP in writing
of the change and for each party to amend its copy of the Connection
Point Drawings then the User shall so notify, and each party shall so
amend (subject to TSP’s acceptance of the proposed changes).

2.7.4.15 TSP Changes to Site Common Drawings

(i) The TSP feeling the necessity to change any aspect of the Connection
Point Drawings at a Connection Site shall do the following:
(a) for a TSP Site, the TSP shall prepare, produce and distribute revised
Connection Point Drawings for the complete Connection Site; and
(b) for a User Site, the TSP shall prepare and submit to the User revised
Connection Point Drawings for the TSP side of the Connection Point and
the User shall then prepare, produce and distribute, using the
information submitted by the TSP, revised Connection Point Drawings for
the complete Connection Site for approval of the TSP.
(ii) If the TSP change can be dealt with by it notifying the User in writing
of the change and for each party to amend its copy of the Connection
Point Drawings then the TSP shall so notify, and each party shall so amend.

57

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 2.7.4.16 Validity of Connection Point Drawings
(i) The Connection Point Drawings for the complete Connection Site
prepared by the User or the TSP, as the case may be, shall be the definitive
Connection Point Drawings for all operational and maintenance and
planning activities associated with the Connection Site.
(ii) If a dispute arises as to the accuracy of the Connection Point Drawings, a
meeting shall be held at the Site, as soon as reasonably practicable,
between the TSP and the User, and both shall strive to resolve the matter
in dispute.

2.7.5 Site Responsibility Schedules

2.7.5.1 In order to inform the Site operational staff and the TSP Control Engineers of the agreed
responsibilities for Plant and/or Apparatus at the Connection Point, a Site Responsibility
Schedule shall be produced for the TSP and the Users with whom it will interface.

2.7.5.2 The format, principles and basic procedure to be used in the preparation of Site
Responsibility Schedules are set down in (Appendix A2.1) to this chapter.

2.7.6 Access to Sites

2.3.6.1 The provisions relating to access to the TSP Sites by Users, and to User Sites by the TSP,
will be set out in each Connection Agreement between the TSP and the User. In addition
to those provisions, where a Site belonging to the TSP contains exposed (E)HV
conductors, unaccompanied access shall only be granted to individuals holding
Authority for Access from the TSP.

2.7.6.2 The User shall permit unhindered access to TSP personnel (including their tools,
Equipment, and vehicles) for accessing the TSP Equipment at the Connection Point and
inside the User premises as may be required during normal and contingency conditions.

58

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 2.7.7 Maintenance Procedures
2.7.7.1 User Plant and Apparatus on the TSP Sites shall be maintained adequately (not less than
the TSP standards) for the purpose for which it is intended and to ensure that it does not
pose a threat to the Safety of any of the TSP Plant, Apparatus, or personnel on the TSP Site.
The TSP shall have the right to inspect the test results and maintenance records relating to
such Plant and/or Apparatus at any time. The TSP shall also have the right to inspect the
User Equipment at the Connection Point, if considered necessary by the TSP.

2.7.7.2 All the TSP Plant and/or Apparatus on User Sites shall be maintained adequately (not less
than TSP standards) for the purposes for which it is intended to ensure that it does not
pose a threat to the Safety of any of the User Plant, Apparatus, or personnel on the User
Site.

2.7.8 Site Operational Procedures

The TSP and the Users must make available staff to take necessary Safety Precautions and
carry out operational duties as may be required to enable work/Testing to be carried out
and for the operation of Plant and/or Apparatus connected to the System.

59

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 60 Figure 2.1. Procedure for Connection to the Grid.

3512-00 - SEC- The Saudi Arabian Grid Code v12.indd 60 4/27/14 9:59 AM
 APPENDIX A2.1: Preparation of Site Responsibility Schedules
A2.1.1 Principles
A2.1.1.1 At all Sites, the following Site Responsibility Schedule shall be drawn up using the Pro
forma Table 4 or with such variations as may be agreed between the TSP and Users. In
the absence of agreement, the Pro forma Table 4 shall be used:
(i) Schedule of (E)HV Apparatus;
(ii) Schedule of LV Plant, Apparatus, services and supplies;
(iii) Schedule of telecommunications and measurement Apparatus.

A2.1.1.2 Each Site Responsibility Schedule for a Connection Site shall be prepared by the TSP in
consultation with other Users at least one (1) month prior to the Completion Date under
the Connection Agreement for that Connection Site (which may form part of a Site).

A2.1.1.3 Each User shall, in accordance with the timing requirements of the Connection
Agreement, provide information to the TSP to enable it to prepare the Site Responsibility
Schedule.

A2.1.1.4 Each Site Responsibility Schedule shall be subdivided to take account of any separate
Connection Sites on that Site.

A2.1.1.5 Each Site Responsibility Schedule shall detail for each item of Plant and/or Apparatus:
(i) Plant/Apparatus ownership;
(ii) Responsible Manager (Controller);
(iii) Safety standards (applicable Safety Rules and standards);
(iv) Responsible person(s) responsible for coordinating on Safety matters;
(v) operations (applicable operational procedures and Control Engineer); and
(vi) responsibility to undertake maintenance.

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 A2.1.1.6 The (E)HV Apparatus Site Responsibility Schedule for each Connection Site must include
lines and cables emanating from the Connection Site.

A2.1.1.7 Every page of the Site Responsibility Schedule shall bear the date of issue and the issue
number.

A2.1.1.8 When a Site Responsibility Schedule is prepared, it shall be sent by the TSP to the Users
involved for confirmation of its accuracy.

A2.1.1.9 The Site Responsibility Schedule shall then be signed on behalf of the TSP by the
Responsible Manager of the TSP (to be designated in the relevant Connection Agreement)
responsible for the area in which the Site is situated and on behalf of each User involved
by the Responsible Manager of the User (to be designated in the relevant Connection
Agreement), by way of written confirmation of its accuracy. Once signed, two (2) copies
shall be supplied by the TSP, not less than two (2) weeks prior to its implementation
date, to each User who is a party on the Site Responsibility Schedule, indicating the issue
number and the date of implementation.

A2.1.2 Alterations to Existing Site Responsibility Schedules

A2.1.2.1 When a User (identified on a Site Responsibility Schedule) becomes aware that an
alteration is necessary, it must inform the TSP immediately and in any event eight (8)
weeks prior to any change taking effect.

A2.1.2.2 Where the TSP has been informed of a change by a User, or itself proposes a change, it
shall prepare a revised Site Responsibility Schedule by not less than six (6) weeks prior to
the change taking effect.

A2.1.2.3 The revised Site Responsibility Schedule shall then be signed and shall accompany by a
note indicating where the alteration has been made, the new issue number and the date
of implementation.
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 A2.1.2.4 When a User or the TSP (as the case may be) identified on a Site Responsibility Schedule,
becomes aware that an alteration to the Site Responsibility Schedule is urgently
necessary to reflect, for example, an emergency situation, the User shall notify the TSP,
or the TSP shall notify the User (as the case may be), immediately and shall discuss:
(i) what change is necessary to the Site Responsibility Schedule;
(ii) whether the Site Responsibility Schedule is to be modified temporarily or
permanently; and
(iii) the distribution of the revised Site Responsibility Schedule.

A2.1.2.5 The TSP shall prepare a revised Site Responsibility Schedule as soon as possible, and in
any event within seven (7) days of it being informed or becoming aware of the necessary
alteration. The Site Responsibility Schedule shall be confirmed by the User and signed
on behalf of the TSP and the User as soon as possible after it has been prepared and sent
to the User for confirmation.

A2.1.3 Responsible Managers

A2.1.3.1 Each User shall, prior to the Completion Date under each Connection Agreement, supply
to the TSP the name of that User’s manager who has been duly authorized to sign Site
Responsibility Schedules on behalf of the User. The TSP shall, prior to the Completion
Date under each Connection Agreement, also supply to that User the name of its own
manager responsible for the area in which the Site is situated.

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 64

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 CHAPTER 3
PLANNING CODE

3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 This chapter provides a framework for enabling the TSP and Users to interact with each
other in relation to planning and development of the Transmission System. It also
specifies the information and data that the Users shall provide to the TSP or the TSP shall
provide to the Users for this purpose.

3.1.2 All Users, existing as well as prospective, will be bound by the planning conditions
laid down in this chapter prior to generating, transmitting, distributing, or consuming
electricity, as the case may be.

3.2 Objectives
The objectives of this chapter are to specify:
(i) the responsibilities of the TSP and Users towards Grid planning;
(ii) the mechanism for the TSP and Users to interact with each other with
respect to any proposed development on the User System that may have
impact on the Transmission System;
(iii) the Power System studies required and the planning criteria and standards
to be followed by the TSP to ensure efficient, safe, reliable, and economic
operation of the Grid;
(iv) the data and information required from Users for use by the TSP to plan for
Grid development; and
(v) the data and information to be provided by the TSP to Users to aid them to
plan and decide for their own facilities.

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 3.3 Grid Planning
3.3.1 Grid Planning Responsibility
3.3.1.1 The TSP shall have the primary and lead responsibility for planning the Grid development,
including carrying out of all necessary studies, assessments, and evaluations.

3.3.1.2 In planning for Grid development, the TSP may require a User, or a group of Users, to
modify or install new Plant and/or Apparatus, where the TSP reasonably considers that it
is prudent or necessary to do so to ensure continued compliance with the requirements
of the Grid Code.

3.3.1.3 The time required for the planning and development of the Grid will depend on the
type, complexity, and extent of the necessary reinforcement and/or extension work,
the time required for conducting appropriate studies/evaluations, and the necessary
approvals and permissions from relevant agencies.

3.3.2 Grid Planning Process

3.3.2.1 Users, existing as well as prospective, will be able to assess conditions for connecting to,
and using of, the Grid through the following:
(i) a forecast statement, prepared by the TSP, showing for each of the 5
succeeding years, the opportunities available for connecting to, and using
of, the Grid and indicating those parts of the Grid that are most suited to
new Connections and transport of further quantities of electricity; or
(ii) an offer by the TSP to enter into a Connection Agreement with a User for
Connection to, or use of, the Grid.

3.3.2.2 To enable the TSP to properly plan for Grid development, Users will be required to submit
to the TSP all data that the TSP may require from them for this purpose. The details of the
data requirements from Users for planning purposes are set out in (3.3.3).

3.3.2.3 Any User proposing to close, retire, withdraw from service, or otherwise cease to
maintain and keep available for Dispatch in accordance with Good Industry Practice any
Generating Station or Generating Units with Registered Capacity greater than ten (10)
MW in aggregate shall give the TSP at least twenty-four (24) calendar months’ notice of
such action.
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 3.3.3 Submission of Grid Planning Data
3.3.3.1 For the TSP to undertake planning and development of the Grid, the TSP will require the
Users to provide data and information before Connection, and also afterwards at regular
intervals. These data will be provided to the TSP using the schedules provided for this
purpose in Chapter 6: Data and Information Code. These data and information will be
treated as Grid Planning Data.

3.3.3.2 For planning purposes, Grid Planning Data will be classified into three (3) main categories:
(i) Project Planning Data; (ii) Standard Planning Data; and (iii) Detailed Planning Data.
These data categories are further explained below:
(i) Project Planning Data: The TSP will require Users applying for a new, or
modification of an existing, Connection, to submit some or all of the data
items listed under Standard Planning Data and Detailed Planning Data in
this chapter. Such data will be treated by the TSP as Project Planning Data
until a User is actually connected to the Grid.
(ii) Standard Planning Data: Standard Planning Data are data that must be
submitted by all existing Users at regular intervals.
(iii) Detailed Planning Data: Detailed Planning Data are data that the TSP may
require from any existing User in support of the Standard Planning Data.

3.3.3.3 As regards the Project Planning Data, the TSP may require different levels of detail and
quality of information through the various stages of the User Development, as elaborated
on below:
(i) At the time a User applies for a new, or modification of an existing,
Connection but before the TSP makes an Offer of Connection, the data
relating to the proposed User Development will be considered Preliminary
Project Planning Data and shall contain such data as may be required
by the TSP to evaluate the Connection application and, if applicable, any
other data directly relevant to, and submitted in support of, the
application. These data will be treated by the TSP as confidential within the
scope of TSP’s policy for confidentiality.

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 (ii) On formal acceptance by the prospective User of the Offer of Connection,
the data relating to the User Development, previously submitted as
Preliminary Planning Data, including any subsequent data supplied in
support of its application, will become Committed Project Planning Data.
Data at this stage will not be treated as confidential to the extent that the
TSP is required to use or disclose these to discharge its contractual or
regulatory obligations.
(iii) As soon as is practical, and not later than the Operational Date, all data
requirements as stated in this section, not previously requested by the TSP
or supplied by the User, will be submitted by the User to the TSP. This
will include confirming any estimated values assumed for planning
purposes or, where practical, replacing them by validated actual values
and by updating estimates for Forecast Data items such as Demand. Data
provided at this stage of the project will become Registered Project
Planning Data.

3.3.3.4 All existing Users shall submit to the TSP, each year, the Standard Planning Data
referred to in (3.3.3.2) and listed in (Appendix A3.1) of this chapter. These data should be
submitted by end of March each year and should cover the current year and each of the
five (5) succeeding years. Where from the date of one submission to a date of subsequent
submission there is no change in the data to be submitted for any given year, instead
of resubmitting the data, a User may submit a written statement that there has been
no change from the data submitted the previous time, pertaining to the particular year
specified.

3.3.3.5 The TSP may also require additional data or information from a User referred to as
Detailed Planning Data in (3.3.3.2) and listed in (Appendix A3.2) of this chapter. Where
the TSP considers that this information is required, then the User shall submit the
information to the TSP within thirty (30) days, or such other period as may be agreed
between the TSP and the User, after the date of such request.

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 3.3.3.6 Further Classification of Grid Planning Data
Grid Planning Data are further divided into the following:
(i) Forecast Data: Which shall contain User’s best estimate of the data,
including Energy and Demand, being projected for the five (5) succeeding
years;
(ii) Estimated Equipment Data: Which shall contain the User’s best estimate
of the values of parameters and information pertaining to its Equipment,
Plant, and/or apparatus and which upon Connection becomes fixed
(subject to any subsequent change); and
(iii) Registered Equipment Data: Which shall contain Plant and/or Apparatus
data which upon Connection will become Registered Data, but which
prior to Connection will be an estimate of what is expected, known as
Estimated Equipment Data.

3.3.3.7 Validation and Verification of Data

(i) In cases of doubtful accuracy of the supplied data, the TSP may ask the
User to supply additional information to verify the data accuracy.
(ii) The TSP may demand the User to carry out specific Tests to verify the data
in conformity with applicable standards, if the information supplied
pursuant to (i) above is still suspect. Where such Test or Tests are
requested, they will be subject to the relevant provisions of Chapter 4:
Operating Code.
(iii) If as a result of the Test(s) in (ii) above, the User data is found to be
incorrect, then the User will bear the full cost of such Test(s), and the
TSP will use for its studies the data values as ascertained by such Test(s). If
any additional burden is imposed on the TSP in terms of repeating or
performing additional studies, then the User will also bear the cost
reasonably incurred by the TSP for such additional burden.

3.3.4 Consolidation and Maintenance of Grid Planning Data

3.3.4.1 The TSP shall collate and process the Grid Planning Data submitted by the Users into
a cohesive and consolidated Grid planning dataset and shall use this for conducting the
various planning studies and also for preparing any forecast statements and capacity
development/reinforcement plans for the Transmission System. 69

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 3.3.4.2 If any User believes that the cohesive Forecast Data prepared by the TSP does not
accurately reflect that User’s planning data, it shall immediately notify the TSP of its
concern. The TSP and the User shall promptly meet to address the concern of the User.

3.3.5 Planning Criteria and Standards

The TSP shall apply the TSP Planning Criteria and Standards (established by the TSP and
approved by ECRA), in the planning and development of the Transmission System.

3.3.6 Grid Planning Studies

3.3.6.1 The TSP shall conduct Grid planning studies periodically or on as required basis to ensure
the economic, safe, reliable, and stable functioning of the Transmission System,
specifically for the following:
(i) preparation of the Transmission forecast statement for next five years;
(ii) preparation of Transmission development plans;
(iii) evaluation of Grid reinforcement/extension projects;
(iv) evaluation of any proposed User Development submitted to the TSP
in accordance with an application for a new, or modification of an existing,
Connection;
(v) to assess the impact on the Transmission System or on any User System
of any Demand Forecast or any proposed addition or change of
Equipment or facilities in the Transmission System or the User System and
to identify remedial measures to eliminate the deficiencies in the
Transmission System or the User System;
(vi) to assess the behavior of the Transmission System during normal and
contingency conditions;
(vii) to assess the System behavior during the electromechanical or
electromagnetic transients induced by disturbances or switching
operations; and
(viii) any other planning assessment that may be required in the future to
ensure adequate Transmission Capacity.

3.3.6.2 The Grid planning studies may include studies (as the situation or case may demand)
such as load flow studies, short-circuit studies, transient Stability studies, steady state
Stability studies, voltage Stability studies, electromagnetic transient studies, and
70 Reliability studies, etc.

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 APPENDIX A3.1: Standard Planning Data
A3.1.1 Historical Energy and Demand
A3.1.1.1 Each User directly connected to the TSP System shall provide to the TSP its actual monthly
Energy and Demand consumption at each Connection Point for the immediate past year.

A3.1.1.2 The User shall also provide the TSP with actual hourly load profiles for a TSP-specified
weekday, weekend, and holiday for each season of the year.

A3.1.2 Energy and Demand Forecast

A3.1.2.1 The User shall provide to the TSP its Energy and Demand Forecasts at each Connection
Point for the current year and the five (5) succeeding years. Where the User System is
connected to the Grid at more than one Connection Points, the Demand Data to be
provided by the User shall also include the Coincident Peak Active Power Demand.

A3.1.2.2 The Forecast Data for the first year shall include monthly Energy and Demand Forecasts,
while for the remaining years shall include only the annual Energy and Demand forecasts.

A3.1.2.3 The User shall also provide to the TSP forecast hourly load profiles for a TSP-specified
weekday, weekend, and holiday for each season of the year.

A3.1.2.4 The User shall provide the net values of Energy and Demand Forecast for its System at
each Connection Point after any deductions to reflect the output of any Embedded/
Captive Generating Units/Station. Such deductions shall be stated separately in the
Forecast Data.

A3.1.2.5 Generators shall submit to the TSP their expected Demand to be served by each
Generating Unit/Station. Forecast Data for Embedded/Captive Generating Units/Stations
shall be submitted through the Distribution Entities, if applicable.

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 A3.1.2.6 In order to avoid duplication of Forecast Data, each User shall indicate the Energy and
Demand requirements that it shall meet under a contract. Where the User shall meet
only a portion of the Energy and Demand requirements, it shall indicate in the Forecast
Data that portion of the requirements and/or the portion of the forecast period covered
by the contract.

A3.1.2.7 If the User System is connected to the Grid at a Connection Point with a bus arrangement
which is, or may be operated in separate sections, the Energy and Demand Forecasts for
each bus section shall be separately stated.

A3.1.3 Generating Unit/Station Data

A3.1.3.1 The Generator shall provide to the TSP data relating to the Generating Units of its
Generating Station(s).

A3.1.3.2 The Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers shall provide the TSP with
data relating to the Generating Units of each Embedded/Captive Generating Station, if
applicable.

A3.1.3.3 The following information shall be provided for the Generating Units of each Generating
Station or Embedded/Captive Generating Units/Station of the other Users:
(i) nominal capacity rating;
(ii) nominal voltage rating;
(iii) maximum continuous rating;
(iv) emergency rating;
(v) minimum rating;
(vi) speed;
(vii) type of Generating Unit and expected running mode(s);
(viii) auxiliary Power requirements;
(ix) direct axis sub-transient reactance;
(x) capability curve; and
(xi) Grounding arrangement.

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 A3.1.3.4 For the Generating Unit step-up transformer, the following:
(i) rated capacity;
(ii) rated voltage;
(iii) cooling stages and capacity rating at each stage;
(iv) number of windings and winding arrangement;
(v) voltage ratio;
(vi) tap changer arrangement (on-load/off-load; at HV or LV), range, and step
size;
(vii) percentage impedance (positive sequence at maximum, minimum, and
nominal tap);
(viii) Grounding arrangement;
(ix) basic lightning impulse insulation level;
(x) Power frequency withstand voltage, required for all (E)HV transformers;
(xi) chopped impulse withstand voltage, required for all transformers rated
230 kV and above; and
(xii) switching impulse withstand voltage, required for all transformers rated
230 kV and above.
A3.1.3.5 If the Generating Unit is connected to the Grid at a Connection Point with a bus
arrangement which is, or may be, operated in separate sections, the bus section to which
each Generating Unit is connected shall be identified.

A3.1.4 User System Data

A3.1.4.1 The User shall provide the Electrical Diagrams and Connection Point Drawings of its
System and the Connection Point, respectively. The Diagrams and Drawings shall indicate
the quantities, ratings, and operating parameters of the following:
(i) Equipment (e.g., Generating Units, Power transformers, and circuit
breakers);
(ii) electrical circuits (e.g., overhead lines and underground cables);
(iii) Substation bus arrangements;
(iv) Grounding arrangements;
(v) Protection Schemes, their description and maintenance plans;
(vi) interrupting devices;
(vii) phase configuration;
(viii) switching facilities;
(ix) operating voltages; and
(x) numbering and nomenclature. 73

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 A3.1.4.2 The User shall provide the values of the following parameters of the overhead lines and/
or underground cables from the User System Substation to the Connection Point in the
Grid:
(i) rated and operating voltage;
(ii) positive sequence resistance and reactance;
(iii) positive sequence shunt susceptance;
(iv) zero sequence resistance and reactance; and
(v) zero sequence susceptance.

A3.1.4.3 For the User System transformer, the following data shall be provided:
(i) rated MVA;
(ii) rated voltages;
(iii) cooling stages and MVA rating at each stage;
(iv) winding arrangement;
(v) positive sequence resistance and reactance (at maximum, minimum, and
nominal tap);
(vi) zero sequence reactance for three-legged core type transformer;
(vii) tap changer location (at HV or LV winding), range, step size, and type (on-
load or off-load);
(viii) basic lightning impulse insulation level;
(ix) Power frequency withstand voltage, required for all (E)HV transformers;
(x) chopped impulse withstand voltage, required for all transformers rated
230 kV and above; and
(xi) switching impulse withstand voltage, required for all transformers rated
230 kV and above.

A3.1.4.4 The User shall provide the following information for the switchgear, including circuit
breakers, Load Break Switches, and Disconnect Switches at the Connection Point and at
the Substation of the User:
(i) rated voltage;
(ii) rated current;
(iii) rated symmetrical RMS short-circuit current;
(iv) rated unsymmetrical RMS short-circuit current;
74 (v) circuit breaker rated interrupting current;

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 (vi) circuit breaker rated interrupting time;
(vii) basic lightning impulse insulation level;
(viii) symmetrical short-circuit current withstand time for all circuit breakers;
(ix) Power frequency withstand voltage, required for all circuit breakers;
(x) chopped impulse withstand voltage, required for all circuit breakers and
Disconnect Switches rated 230 kV and above; and
(xi) switching impulse withstand voltage, required for all circuit breakers and
Disconnect Switches rated 230 kV and above.

A3.1.4.5 The User shall provide the details of its System Grounding. This shall include the rated
short time withstand current, zero sequence impedance, and short time rating of the
Grounding Equipment.

A3.1.4.6 The User shall provide the data on independently-switched Reactive Power compensation
Equipment at the Connection Point and/or at the Substation of the User System. This
shall include the following information:
(i) rated Capacity;
(ii) rated voltage;
(iii) type (e.g., shunt reactor, shunt capacitor, static var compensator); and
(iv) operation and control details (e.g. fixed or variable, automatic, or manual).

A3.1.4.7 If a significant portion of the User Demand may be supplied from alternative Connection
Point(s), the relevant information on the Demand transfer capability shall be provided
by the User including the following:
(i) the alternative Connection Point(s);
(ii) the Demand normally supplied from each alternative Connection Point;
(iii) the Demand which may be transferred from or to each alternative
Connection Point; and
(iv) the control (e.g., manual or automatic) arrangements for transfer
including the time required to effect the transfer for Forced Outage and
planned maintenance conditions.

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 A3.1.4.8 If a User System has Embedded/Captive Generating Stations and significantly large-
sized motors, the short circuit contribution of the Embedded/Captive Generating Units
and the large motors at the Connection Point shall be provided by the Distribution
Entities (or the other Users). The short-circuit current shall be calculated in accordance
with the TSP Standards, or in their absence, the relevant IEC Standards or their equivalent
Saudi national standards.

A3.1.4.9 If the User System has fluctuating loads, the following information shall be provided to
the TSP:
(i) cyclic variation of Active Power over time;
(ii) cyclic variation of Reactive Power over time;
(iii) maximum rate of change of Active Power;
(iv) maximum rate of change of Reactive Power;
(v) largest step change of Active Power; and
(vi) largest step change of Reactive Power.

A3.1.4.10 If the User System has commutating Power electronic loads, their detail such as number
of pulses, maximum voltage notch, and Harmonic distortion potential (up to the 50th
Harmonic) shall be provided to the TSP.

Appendix A3.2: Detailed Planning Data

A3.2.1 Generating Unit/Station Data
A3.2.1.1 The following additional information shall be provided for the Generating Units of each
Generating Station:
(i) de-rated Capacity on a monthly basis, if applicable;
(ii) additional capacity obtainable from Generating Units in excess of Net
Declared Capability;
(iii) Minimum Stable Loading ;
(iv) stator armature resistance;
(v) direct axis synchronous, transient, and sub-transient reactances;
(vi) quadrature axis synchronous, transient, and sub-transient reactances;
(vii) direct-axis transient and sub-transient time constants;
(viii) quadrature axis transient and sub-transient time constants;
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 (ix) turbine and Generating Unit inertia constant ;
(x) rated field current at rated MW and MVAR output and at rated terminal
voltage; and
(xi) short circuit and open circuit characteristic curves.

A3.2.1.2 The following Excitation System parameters shall be provided for each Generating Unit:
(i) type (static or rotating);
(ii) make and model;
(iii) DC gain of Excitation loop;
(iv) rating (peak voltage/ peak current);
(v) maximum field voltage;
(vi) minimum field voltage;
(vii) maximum rate of change of field voltage (rising);
(viii) maximum rate of change of field voltage (falling);
(ix) details of Excitation loop described in a diagram form showing transfer
functions of individual elements;
(x) dynamic characteristics of over-Excitation limiter;
(xi) dynamic characteristics of under-Excitation limiter;
(xii) exciter model (in IEEE or PTI’s PSS/E format).

A3.2.1.3 The following Power System Stabilizer (PSS) parameters shall be provided for each
Generating Unit:
(i) type of input(s);
(ii) gain for each input;
(iii) lead time constant(s) for each input;
(iv) lag time constant for each input; and
(v) Power System Stabilizer model (in IEEE or PTI’s PSS/E format).

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 A3.2.1.4 The Users shall supply any additional special Protection relays and their settings which
take effect in case other than Generating Unit component Faults such as volt/hertz
Protection, etc.

A3.2.1.5 The following Speed Governor System parameters shall be provided for each reheat
steam Generating Unit:
(i) high pressure governor average gain;
(ii) speeder motor setting range;
(iii) speed droop characteristic curve;
(iv) high pressure governor valve time constant;
(v) high pressure governor valve opening limits;
(vi) high pressure governor valve rate limits;
(vii) re-heater time constant (Active Energy stored in re-heater);
(viii) intermediate pressure governor average gain;
(ix) intermediate pressure governor setting range;
(x) intermediate pressure governor valve time constant;
(xi) intermediate pressure governor valve opening limits;
(xii) intermediate pressure governor valve rate limits;
(xiii) details of acceleration sensitive elements in high pressure and
intermediate pressure governor loop; and
(xiv) Governor model (in IEEE or PTI’s PSS/E format).

A3.2.1.6 The following Speed Governor System parameters shall be provided for each non-reheat
steam, or gas turbine Generating Unit:
(i) Governor average gain;
(ii) speeder motor setting range;
(iii) speed droop characteristic curve;
(iv) time constant of steam or fuel governor valve;
(v) governor valve opening limits;
(vi) governor valve rate limits; and
(vii) time constant of turbine.

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 A3.2.1.7 The following Plant flexibility performance data shall be submitted for each Generating
Unit:
(i) rate of loading following weekend Shutdown (Generating Unit and
Generating Station);
(ii) rate of loading following an overnight Shutdown (Generating Unit and
Generating Station);
(iii) block load following synchronizing;
(iv) rate of Load Reduction from normal rated MW;
(v) regulating range; and
(vi) Load rejection capability while still Synchronized and able to supply Load.

A3.2.1.8 The following auxiliary Demand data shall be submitted:

(i) normal station service (auxiliary) load supplied by each Generating Unit at
rated MW;
(ii) auxiliary or Start-up Power requirements;
(iii) sensitivity to automatic and planned Interruptions;
(iv) non Generator related on-Site loads;
(v) each Generating Station auxiliary load other than (i) above, and where the
station auxiliary load is supplied from the Grid.

A3.2.2 User System Data

A3.2.2.1 For all HV motors of size 10,000 HP and above, the following for each such motor:
(i) type;
(ii) MW rating;
(iii) MVA rating;
(iv) Power Factor;
(v) full-load current rating;
(vi) starting method and starting current;
(vii) number of start ups per day;
(viii) torque/speed characteristics for the motor;
(ix) torque/speed characteristics for the relevant load;
(x) inertia constant for the motor and the driven load; and
(xi) dynamic parameters (for synchronous motors).
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 A3.2.2.2 For each transformer between the Transmission System and the User System, the
following:
(i) MVA rating;
(ii) rated voltage ratio;
(iii) winding arrangement and vector group;
(iv) positive sequence resistance and reactance;
(v) zero sequence reactance;
(vi) tap changer type: on-load or off-load;
(vii) tap changer range and step size; and
(viii) Grounding method: direct, resistance or reactance.

A3.2.2.3 To facilitate the TSP to undertake transient over voltage and insulation coordination
studies, the TSP may require from a User the following data:
(i) Busbar layout, including dimensions and geometry together with
electrical parameters of any associated Current Transformers, Voltage
Transformers, wall bushings, and support insulators;
(ii) physical and electrical parameters of lines, cables, transformers, reactors
and shunt compensator Equipment connected at that Busbar or by lines or
cables to that Busbar.
(iii) specification details of all Apparatus connected directly or by lines and
cables to the Busbar including basic insulation levels;
(iv) characteristics of over voltage Protection at the Busbar and at the
termination of lines and cables connected at the Busbar;
(v) Generating Unit or Station transformer details (whether three or five limb
cores or single phase units) and operating peak flux density at nominal
voltage.

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 A3.2.2.4 For any User Protection Equipment which can trip or inter-trip or close any Connection
Point circuit breaker or any TSP circuit breaker, the following data:
(i) full description, including estimated settings, for all relays and Protection
Systems installed or to be installed on the User System;
(ii) a full description of any auto-reclose facility installed or to be installed on
the User System, including type and time delays;
(iii) a full description, including estimated settings, for all relays and Protection
Systems or to be installed on the Generating Unit, Generating Unit
transformer, Station transformer and their associated connections;
(iv) for Generating Units having (or intending to have) a circuit breaker at the
Generating Unit terminal voltage, clearance times for electrical Faults
within the Generating Unit zone;
(v) the most probable Fault clearance time for electrical Faults on any part of
the User System directly connected to the Transmission System.

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 CHAPTER 4
OPERATING CODE

4.1 Chapter Overview

This chapter covers a range of issues relating to the proper operation of the Grid. The
provisions of this chapter are organized in to the following 9 sections:

Section 4.2, Operational Demand Forecasts, specifies the procedure to be followed and
the data to be supplied by Participants to enable the TSP to prepare Demand Forecasts
for different operational time horizons.

Section 4.3, Outage Planning, covers the procedure for coordinating of Planned Outages
and unscheduled Outages for the Transmission System and the User facilities to ensure
and maintain Reliability and Security on the Grid in accordance with approved standards.

Section 4.4, System Services, deals with arranging and providing of System Services
essential for the proper functioning of the Grid, specifically the following:

o Frequency Control;
o Voltage Control;
o System Control;
o Operating Margin; and
o Black Start.

Section 4.5, Operational Liaison, specifies the arrangement regarding reporting of

Operations and Events among the Participants and also on the requirements regarding
jointly investigating and preparing written reports on Significant Incidents.

Section 4.6, Operational Communication, covers the requirements relating to

communication facilities between the Grid Participants for timely exchange of data and
information to ensure proper Grid operation.

Section 4.7, Contingency Planning, specifies the necessary requirements to deal with
contingencies on the Transmission System and to ensure recovery of the Transmission
System from Total or Partial Shutdown.

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 Section 4.8, Operational Testing, specifies the procedures for arranging of Operational
Tests that involve simulating of conditions or the controlled application of irregular,
unusual or extreme conditions on the total or part of the System.

Section 4.9, Testing to Monitor, Investigate, and Verify Performance, specifies the
procedures to enable the TSP in the monitoring and Testing of Users’ compliance with
their obligations under the Grid Code and to ensure that the agreed System Services are
actually available.

Section 4.10, Cross-boundary Safety Assurance, covers the procedures for coordinating,
establishing, and maintaining of Safety Precautions to allow work or Testing to be done
across the Connection Point boundary.

4.2 Operational Demand Forecasts

4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.1.1 This section deals with Demand forecasting for operational purposes, and lays down the
procedures to be followed and data to be supplied by Users to the TSP to enable the
TSP to forecast Demand on the Transmission System for the period ranging from five (5)
years ahead down to real time operation.

4.2.1.2 This section also deals with the provision of data on Demand Control in the Operational
Planning Phase, the Programming Phase, Control Phase, and the Post Control Phase.

4.2.1.3 The TSP shall be responsible for developing Demand Forecasts for the Operational
Planning Phase after taking into account the Demand Forecasts supplied by Distribution
Entities and Directly-connected Customers.

4.2.1.4 In the Programming Phase and Control Phase, the TSP shall develop its own Demand
Forecasts after taking into account, information to be furnished by Distribution Entities,
Directly-connected Customers, and Generators.

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 4.2.2 Definitions
4.2.2.1 In this section, a reference to Year 0 shall mean the current calendar year, Year 1 shall
mean the next calendar year, Year 2 shall mean the calendar year after Year 1, and so
forth.

4.2.2.2 A reference to data being supplied on an hourly basis shall refer to it being supplied for
each period of 60 minutes ending on the hour.

4.2.2.3 Reactive Power Demand shall include the series reactive losses of the User System bus
but exclude any network susceptance and any reactive compensation on that System.
The TSP shall obtain the lumped network susceptance and details of the reactive
compensation from the data supplied by the User as provided in Chapter 3: Planning
Code.

4.2.3 Objectives
The objectives of this section are to specify:
(i) the requirements for Grid Users to provide Demand and Generating
Plant output data to the TSP to enable it to plan and maintain sufficient
level of Generation Capacity and Operating Margin in the System to meet
Demand; and
(ii) the factors which the TSP will consider when forecasting Demand during
the Operational Programming and Control Phases.

4.2.4 Data Required by the TSP for Operational Demand Forecasting

4.2.4.1 Each User shall supply data to the TSP in relation to that User’s Demand and Active
Energy relating to various operational phases as stated in the relevant parts of this
section. Figure 4.1 highlights timescales involved with each Phase.

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 Figure 4.1. Description and time flow of various operational planning phases 85

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 4.2.4.2 Operational Planning Phase (Year 1 to Year 5)
(i) No later than 31 January each year, the TSP shall notify each User in writing
of the following (for the current year and for each of the succeeding five
(5) calendar years:
(a) the date and time of its expected annual peak Demand at Annual
Maximum Demand Conditions; and
(b) the date and time of its expected annual minimum Demand at
Average Conditions.
(ii) By end of March each year, every User, as further elaborated below, shall
provide to the TSP in writing, the forecast information listed below for the
current year and each of the succeeding five (5) calendar years:
(a) for each Distribution Entity (summed over all Connection Points)
and for each Directly-connected Customers (at the Connection
Point), the hourly forecast profile of Active Power Demand for
the day of that User’s Maximum Demand and for the specified
day of the annual peak Demand of the TSP, both at their
respective Annual Maximum Demand Conditions;
(b) for each Distribution Entity (summed over all Connection Points)
and for each Directly-connected Customer (at the Connection
Point) the annual Active Energy requirements for Average
Conditions segregated into different usage categories such as,
residential, commercial, Government, industrial, agriculture,
street lighting, hospitals, etc., wherever practicable;
(c) for each Distribution Entity (summed over all Connection Points)
and Directly-connected Customer (at the Connection Point) the
hourly forecast profile of Active Demand for the specified day of
the minimum Demand of the TSP at Average Conditions;
(d) individual Connection Point Demand (Active Power) and
Power Factor at Annual Maximum Demand Conditions for the
annual peak hour at the Connection Point and at the specified
hour of the annual peak of the TSP Demand; and
(e) individual Connection Point Demand (Active Power ) and Power
Factor at Average Conditions at the specified hour of the annual
minimum Demand of the TSP.
(iii) If the Busbar at a Connection Point is expected to be operated in separate
sections, separate sets of Forecast Data for each section shall be provided
86 to the TSP.

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 (iv) The TSP will use the information supplied to it in preparing Forecast
Demand information for the next five years and for use in its operational
planning.

4.2.4.3 Programming Phase (1 to 8 weeks ahead of the Schedule Day)

For 1 to 8 weeks ahead of the Schedule Day, each Distribution Entity and Directly-
connected Customer shall supply to the TSP, in writing, by 10:00 hours each Saturday,
hourly MW profiles of the amount and duration of their proposed use of Demand
Control which may result in a Demand change of five (5) MW or more on an hourly and
Connection Point basis.

4.2.4.4 Control Phase

Each Distribution Entity and Directly-connected Customer shall inform the TSP of any
Demand Control which may result in a Demand change of five (5) MW or more averaged
over any hour on any Connection Point which is planned after 10:00 hours, and of any
changes to the planned Demand Control notified to the TSP prior to 10:00 hours as soon
as possible after the formulation of the new plans.

4.2.4.5 Post-Control Phase

Each Distribution Entity and Directly-connected Customer shall supply to the TSP in
writing by 10:00 hours each day Active and Reactive Power data in terms of MW profiles
for the previous calendar day of the amount and duration of actual Demand reduction
achieved from the use of Demand Control of five (5) MW or more (averaged over any
hour on any Connection Point), on an hourly and Connection Point basis.

4.2.5 Transmission System Forecasts

4.2.5.1 The following factors will be taken into account by the TSP when conducting Demand
Forecasts in the Programming Phase and Control Phase:
(i) historic Demand data including Transmission System losses;
(ii) socioeconomic growth projections of the country;
(iii) weather forecasts and the current and historic weather conditions;
(iv the incidence of major Events or activities which are known to the TSP in
advance;
(v) Embedded Generating Unit/Station Schedules;
(vi) Demand Control of five (5) MW or more proposed to be exercised by
Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers and of which the
TSP has been informed; and
(vii) other information supplied by the Users. 87

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 4.2.5.2 The TSP will prepare unbiased forecasts of the Transmission System Demand using
a sound forecast methodology which will take into account the above factors to the
maximum possible extent.

4.3 Outage Planning

4.3.1 Introduction
4.3.1.1 This section specifies conditions, requirements, and procedures that the TSP and Users
shall follow to match Generation Capacity with Forecast Demand on the Transmission
System over various operational planning horizons in order to achieve, to the maximum
possible degree, the Reliability and Security standards expected of the TSP.

4.3.1.2 The section mainly concerns with the following:

(i) the planning, coordination, and approval of scheduled and un-scheduled
Outages of the Generating Unit and the Transmission System; and
(ii) the provision of planning parameters to the TSP by Generators for
operational planning purposes only.

4.3.1.3 The provisions of this section shall apply to all proposed Outages that may affect the
ability of a Generating Unit to achieve its full Registered Capacity appropriate to each
Registered Fuel in accordance with its Registered Operating Characteristics.

4.3.1.4 This section also mandates the Generators to inform the TSP of any other proposed
maintenance of a Generating Unit or any associated Power Station Plant or Apparatus,
which can affect the availability of System Services from that Generating Unit.

4.3.1.5 In complying with the various provisions of this section, each Grid Participant shall
act reasonably, in good faith, and in accordance with Good Industry Practices when
planning Outages for its own system and also when coordinating the scheduling of these
Outages with those of the others. This will be imperative to avoid a situation arising in
which a Participant is obliged to request an Outage during the Outage Planning process
as a consequence of that Participant’s not having planned its Outages in accordance
with Good Industry Practice.
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 4.3.2 Definitions
In this section, a reference to Year 0 shall mean the current calendar year, Year 1 shall
mean the next calendar year, Year 2 shall mean the calendar year after Year 1, and so
forth.

4.3.3 Objective
The key objective of Outage Planning is to promote the developing and implementing
of an orderly Generation and Transmission Outage Program that is consistent with
reliable and secure operation of the Transmission System, and also addresses the needs
of the Generators for Plant maintenance and resource limitations. In specific, to define
the following:
(i) the procedure for formal notification of Outages by Generators to the TSP;
and
(ii) the procedures that the TSP will use to prepare, review, and notify the
Indicative, Provisional, and Committed Outage Programs for the Grid.

4.3.4 Planning of Generating Unit Outages

4.3.4.1 The Outage planning process in respect of a Generating Unit shall commence not later
than five (5) years prior to the scheduled Operational Date or from the date of the
relevant agreements, whichever is the later. The process shall culminate in developing
of the following three Programs scheduled over the time scales indicated against each:
(i) Committed Outage Program, covering real time up to end of Year 1;
(ii) Provisional Outage Program, covering Year 2-3; and
(iii) Indicative Outage Program, covering Year 4-5.
The time horizon for planning of Generation Outages is shown in Figure 4.2 below.

Figure 4.2. Program horizon for Generating Unit Outages 89

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 4.3.4.2 In rolling over the Generation Outage Program from one year to the next, for every year
(except, in any such case, to the extent that the Generator is reasonably responding to
changed circumstances), the procedure set out below is to be followed:
(i) submissions by the Generator for Year 2 should reflect the current
Provisional Outage Program for Year 3; and
(ii) submissions by the Generator for Year 1 should reflect the current
Provisional Outage Program for Year 2.

4.3.4.3 The procedure set out below is to be followed in each calendar year.

4.3.4.4 By the end of March Year 0

(i) Generators shall provide the TSP in writing, for each Generating Unit, the
following details of Planned Outages and estimates of probabilities of
Forced Outages for including in the Committed, Provisional, and Indicative
Outage Programs as defined in (4.3.4.1) above:
(a) identity of the Generating Units concerned;
(b) MW unavailable (and MW that will still be available, if any,
notwithstanding the Outage);
(c) expected duration of the Outage;
(d) preferred start date and start time or range of start dates and start times;
(e) whether the Outage is a Flexible Planned Outage or an Inflexible Planned
Outage;
(f ) if it is a Flexible Planned Outage, the period for which the Outage could
be deferred if requested by the TSP, which shall be not less than thirty
(30) days in length, and the period for which the Outage could be
advanced at the request of the TSP, which shall be not less than ten (10)
days in length.
(ii) In relation to (e) above, the Generator must provide the TSP with such
evidence as the TSP may reasonably require in order to substantiate the
declaration as an Inflexible Planned Outage. If the Generator fails to
establish to the reasonable satisfaction of the TSP that the Outage is
required to be an Inflexible Planned Outage, the Outage shall be deemed
to have been submitted as a Flexible Planned Outage with an attendant
Flexible Planned Outage period of ten (10) days for advancement and
thirty (30) days for deferment.
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 (iii) The updates to the program for a previously submitted Year when, by the
passage of time, that Year becomes a new Year (for instance, Year 3
becoming Year 2) may only reflect the Generator’s reasonable response
to changed circumstances and changes which, in the context of the
Outage Program, are minimal in their effect on the operation of the
Transmission System, otherwise it must reflect the Provisional Outage
Program for that Year issued previously.

4.3.4.5 Between the end of March and the end of September Year 0
(i) The TSP shall conduct Reliability analysis of the Transmission System for
the operational planning horizon in light of the proposed Outages, and
calculate the weekly peak Generation Capacity required from Generating
Unit/Station for the various planning periods (Year 0, 1, 2, etc.) by
considering the following factors:
(a) Demand Forecasts;
(b) the TSP’s estimate of User Demand Control;
(c) the Operating Margin as set by the TSP;
(d) Transmission System and Distribution System constraints; and
(e) Transmission System and Distribution System Outages to ensure
that, in general, these have the least restraint on Generating Unit
Outages.
(ii) During this period the TSP may, as appropriate, contact any User which
has supplied information to seek clarification on information received or
such additional relevant information as is reasonable. The TSP shall also
notify to Generators any concerns for their submitted Programs and make
efforts to settle them through discussion. If these can not be resolved
mutually, the TSP shall proceed to settle the issue in accordance with the
Regulatory Guidelines for such matters.

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 4.3.4.6 By the end of September Year 0
(i) The TSP will, having taken into account the information notified to it
and, having discussed it with Users if appropriate, or settled in accordance
with Regulatory Guidelines, provide each Generator and Distribution
Entity in writing with a final Outage Program showing the Generating
Units that may be potentially withdrawn from service during each week
of Years 0,1,2 3,4, and 5 for a Planned Outage and showing the Flexible
Planned Outage Periods, by way of amendment to, or confirmation of, the
suggested Outage Program submitted by the Generator.
(ii) The final Outage Program may differ from the suggested Outage Program
as follows:
(a) the Flexible Planned Outages and Inflexible Planned Outages may have
been moved to coordinate all Outage proposals received by the TSP or
for reasons relating to the proper operation of the Transmission System.
When dealing with Year 2 and subsequent Years, the TSP will give
priority to including proposed Inflexible Planned Outages for the dates
proposed by the Generator in the case of newly proposed Inflexible
Planned Outages and for the dates included in the Outage Program
prepared the previous September in the case of Inflexible Planned
Outages which were included in that Outage Program; and
(b) a Flexible Planned Outage may have been re-designated as an Inflexible
Planned Outage.
(iii) In situations, where the TSP could not otherwise meet its statutory or
regulatory obligations, it may request that a Flexible Planned Outage or an
Inflexible Planned Outage be either excluded from the Committed or
Provisional Outage Program or may be re-scheduled to make it acceptable.

4.3.4.7 Amendments to Planned Outages

In the case of:
(i) a Flexible Planned Outages which the TSP would like to move outside the
Flexible Planned Outage Period,
(ii) a Flexible Planned Outage which the TSP would like to move within the
Flexible Planned Outage Period on less than seven (7) days notice, or
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 (iii) an Inflexible Planned Outage which the TSP would like to move,
the TSP may, upon giving the Generator a written notice, request that
the start date or start time of a Planned Outage be advanced or deferred.
If the Generator agrees to such advancement or deferral, or the TSP and
the Generator agree to some other advancement or deferral, the
Generator will take the Outage in accordance with that agreement.

4.3.4.8 Generating Unit Substitution

A Generator may, on reasonable grounds, by notice in writing submitted to the TSP at any
time during Year 0, request that a Generating Unit for which there is a Flexible Planned
Outage or an Inflexible Planned Outage, as specified in the final Outage Program, remain
in service and that one of the other Generating Units at the same Power Station (having
substantially the same contracted Generation Capacity and Scheduling and Dispatch
Parameters) be permitted to be taken out of service during the period for which such
Flexible Planned Outage or Inflexible Planned Outage has been planned. The TSP shall
not unreasonably withhold its consent to such substitution and, if the TSP does consent,
the final Outage Program shall be amended and the Generator shall be entitled to take
the Outage accordingly.

4.3.4.9 Short Term Planned Maintenance (STPM) Outage

(i) A Generator may request the TSP at any time during Year 0, by giving not
less than seven (7) days notice before the earliest start date, for a Short
Term Planned Maintenance (STPM) Outage. The request notice must
contain the following information:
(a) identity of the Generating Unit(s) concerned;
(b) MW on Outage (and MW which would still be available, if any,
notwithstanding the Outage);
(c) required duration of the Outage (which must not exceed seventy-
two (72) hours); and
(d) preferred start date and start time or range of start dates and start
times.

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 (ii) On receipt of a request, the TSP shall consider the request and shall, after
discussing the position with the Generator, reply within three (3) Business
Days in writing indicating:
(a) acceptance of the request, confirming the requested start time and
duration of the STPM Outage;
(b) proposals for the advancement or deferment of the requested
STPM Outage, indicating alternative start time and duration; or
(c) rejection of the request.
(iii) If the TSP accepts the request, the STPM Outage, if taken, must be taken
by the Generator in accordance with the request. If the TSP has indicated
an alternative start time and/or duration, the TSP and the Generator
must discuss the alternative and any other options which may arise during
the discussion. If agreement is reached, then the Outage, if taken, must
be taken by the Generator in accordance with the agreement. If the
request is refused by the TSP or if agreement is not reached then the
Generator will not take the Outage.
(iv) If, for a particular Generating Unit, the TSP has rejected the requests on
two successive occasions which were not less than seven (7) days apart,
the TSP may consider accepting the third request. However, the TSP may
require that such Outage, if it is to be during the three months of peak
summer Demand, be deferred if in the TSP’s reasonable opinion (were the
Outage not to be deferred):
(a) the statutory or regulatory obligations could not be met; or
(b) there would otherwise be insufficient Generation Capacity
to meet Forecast Demand and the Operating Margin.
(v) Any such deferral shall be for so long as the above circumstances exist, but
shall not be beyond the end of the month following the end of the three
months of peak summer Demand.
(vi) In the event that an STPM Outage is scheduled pursuant to (4.3.4.9),
the TSP shall confirm the details within one (1) Business Day after the
details of the STPM Outage have been settled. Such notice shall contain
the following information:

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 (a) the identity of the Generating Unit(s) concerned;
(b) MW on Outage (and MW which would still be available, if
any, notwithstanding the Outage);
(c) duration of the Outage; and
(d) the start date and start time of the Outage.

4.3.4.10 Notified Unplanned Outages

(i) A Generator must, if it considers that a Generating Unit will require an
Outage which cannot reasonably be deferred to become a Planned
Outage or a STPM Outage but of which it has some advance warning,
give the TSP as much notice as is reasonably possible. Such notice must
include an identification of the Generating Unit, the expected start date
and start time and duration of the Unplanned Outage, and the nature
of the Outage together with the MW on Outage (that is, MW which will not
be available as a result of the Outage and that which will still be available,
if any). The TSP will acknowledge such notice as soon as reasonably
possible after the notice is received by the TSP.
(ii) The TSP may request the Generator to advance or defer the Outage. If the
Generator agrees to such a request, the Generator shall send the TSP a
written notice confirming this agreement. The TSP will acknowledge this
notice. The Generator must then (subject to any intervening Outage) take
the Outage in accordance with that agreement.

4.3.4.11 Forced Outages

(i) In the event that a Generating Unit suffers a Forced Outage, the
Generator shall inform the TSP within ten (10) minutes of the
commencement of the Outage. As soon as possible after the
commencement of the Outage, the Generator shall also inform the TSP
of the cause of the Outage and the Generator’s best estimate of the date
and time by which the Generating Unit is likely to be repaired and restored
to its full level of Availability.

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 If the Generator is unable for any reason to comply with this requirement, the
Generator shall not later than twenty-four (24) hours after the commencement
of the Forced Outage, provide the TSP such information as is then known to the
Generator regarding the date and time of return from such Outage and shall
provide such updates thereafter as the TSP may reasonably require.
(ii) In such an event, the TSP shall have the right to inspect the Generating
Unit and all relevant records on any Business Day and at a reasonable time.
The Generator shall fully cooperate with the TSP during any such
inspection.
(iii) A Generator shall use all reasonable endeavors to ensure that, following
a Forced Outage, the Generating Unit is repaired and restored to its full
level of Availability as soon as possible and in accordance with Good
Industry Practice.

4.3.4.12 Release of Generating Units

(i) The Generators may only undertake Planned Outages with the TSP
agreement in accordance with the Outage Program produced pursuant to
the provisions of this section.
(ii) In real time operation, Generating Units must not be withdrawn for a
Planned Outage or a Short Term Planned Maintenance (STPM) Outage
without express formal permission of the TSP for such release according to
the procedures set out below.
(iii) The TSP’s express formal permission shall specify:
(a) the identity of the Generating Unit and MW on Outage (and MW
which would still be Available, if any, notwithstanding the Outage);
(b) the duration of the Outage; and
(c) the start date and start time of the Outage.
(iv) The TSP may withhold its permission for the release of a Generating Unit
for a Planned Outage or a Short Term Planned Maintenance Outage where
such Outage has previously been planned in accordance with this section’s
provisions where, in the TSP’s reasonable opinion (were such Outage not
to be deferred):
(a) the statutory or regulatory obligations could not be met; or
(b) there would be insufficient Generation Capacity to meet Forecast
Demand and the Operating Margin.
(v) The TSP may require the Generator to continue to defer such Outage for as
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 4.3.4.13 Return to Service and Overruns
(i) For a Planned Outage, not later than seven (7) days before the expiry of
the Flexible Planned Outage period or the Inflexible Planned Outage
period, the Generator must notify the TSP either that its Generating Unit
is returning to service earlier than expected, or at the time and date
expected, or later than expected and if, upon return, it is expected to
be fully available. Where a Generating Unit is not expected to be fully
available upon its return to service, the Generator shall state the MW
level at which the Generating Unit is expected to be available. In the
case of a Generating Unit which is capable of firing both on gas and on oil,
the Availability must be stated for each fuel.
(ii) In the case of a return from a Planned Outage later than expected, the
notice of return to service must be given not later than required above
and shall state the reason for the delay in the return of the Generating Unit
to service and the Generator’s best estimate of the date and time at which
the Generating Unit will return to service.
(iii) In the case of a return from a Planned Outage earlier than expected, a
notice of return to service must be given as far as possible in advance of
return, but in any event not later than required above.
(iv) A Generator must use all reasonable endeavors to ensure that, in respect
of each Planned Outage of the Generator’s Generating Units, the Outage
schedule as included in the Committed Outage Program (or as moved in
accordance with the provisions of this section) is followed.
(v) Before returning from any Outage other than a Planned Outage, a
Generator must inform the TSP, as far in advance as reasonably possible
that its Generating Unit is returning to service. The Generator must, in
addition, give an Availability Notice in accordance with the provisions of
Chapter 5: Scheduling and Dispatch Code on the day prior to the Schedule
Day on which the Generating Unit is to return to service.
(vi) If at any time during an Outage the Generator becomes aware that its
Generating Unit will not have been maintained, repaired or restored
to be available by the expiry of the period specified for the duration of
the Outage in the Committed Outage Program or as otherwise notified in
the case of Outages other than Planned Outages, the Generator shall
notify the TSP immediately in writing stating the reason(s) for the delay
and the Generator’s best estimate of the date and time by which the
Generating Unit will actually have been maintained, repaired, or restored
to be available in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 5: Scheduling
and Dispatch Code.
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 4.3.5 Planning of Transmission System Outages
4.3.5.1 The procedure set out in this subsection shall be followed in each calendar year for
planning of Transmission System Outages (see Figure 4.3 below).

Figure 4.3. Program Horizon for Transmission System Outages

4.3.5.2 The TSP shall plan Transmission System Outages required in Years 2 and 3 as a result of
construction or refurbishment works taking due account of the known requirements.
The planning of Transmission System Outages required in Years 0 and 1 ahead will,
in addition, take into account Transmission System Outages required as a result of
maintenance.

4.3.5.3 Transmission System Outages and Generating Unit Outages shall, during Years 2 and
3 but not in Year 1 or before, be coordinated so that, in general, the Generating Unit
Outages shall take precedence over Transmission System Outages but subject always, in
any particular case, to the TSP discretion to determine otherwise on the basis of reasons
relating to the proper operation of the Transmission System.

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 4.3.5.4 Indicative Outage Planning – Planning for Year 2 and 3
By the end of September Year 0, the TSP will draw up a draft Transmission System Outage
Program covering the period Years 2 and 3 for TSP’s internal use and will notify each User
in writing of those aspects of the draft plan which may operationally affect such User
including, in particular, proposed start dates and end dates of relevant Transmission
System Outages. The TSP will indicate to a Generator where a need may exist to use
inter-tripping or other measures including restrictions on the Scheduling and Dispatch
of Generating Units to allow the Security of the Transmission System to be maintained
within the statutory or regulatory requirements.

4.3.5.5 Provisional Operational Planning - Planning for Year 1

The plan produced pursuant to (4.3.5.4) will become the draft Transmission System
Outage Program for Year 1 when, by the passage of time, Year 2 becomes Year 1. Each
calendar year, the TSP shall update the draft Transmission System Outage plan and shall,
in addition, take into account Outages required as a result of maintenance work.
(i) By the end of June Year 0, the TSP will draw up a draft Provisional
Transmission Outage Program and will inform each User of any potential
restrictions which may affect it and generally the impact on the
Transmission System in Year 1.
(ii) Where a User objects to the proposed restrictions or impact notified to it
in (i) above, equivalent provisions to those set out in (4.3.4.5[ii]) will apply.
(iii) Between the end of June and the end of September Year 0, the TSP will
draw up a final Transmission System Outage Plan covering Year 1.
(iv) By the end of September Year 0, the TSP will issue the final Transmission
System Outage Plan for Year 1. The TSP will notify each User in writing of
those aspects of the plan which may operationally affect that User
including, in particular, proposed start dates and end dates of relevant
Transmission System Outages. The TSP will also indicate where a need
exists to use inter-tripping, emergency switching, emergency load
management, or other measures including restrictions on the Scheduling
and Dispatch of Generating Units to allow the Security of the Transmission
System to be maintained within allowable limits.
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 4.3.5.6 Committed Outage Planning - Year 0 down to the Programming Phase
The Transmission System Outage plan for Year 1 issued under section (4.3.5.5) will
become the Committed Outage Program for Year 0 when by the passage of time Year 1
becomes Year 0.

4.3.5.7 Programming Phase

(i) By 14:00 hours each Wednesday, the TSP shall update the Transmission
System Outage plan for the following one (1) week period beginning on
the Saturday.
(ii) The TSP will notify each User in writing of those aspects of the plan which
may operationally affect such User including in particular proposed
start dates and end dates of relevant Transmission System Outage. The TSP
will also indicate where a need exists to use inter-tripping, emergency
switching, emergency load management, or other measures including,
restrictions on the Dispatch of Generating Units to allow the Security of
the Transmission System to be maintained within allowable limits.
(iii) During the Programming Phase, the User and the TSP will inform each
other immediately if there is any unavoidable requirement to depart from
the Outage Plan and actions determined and notified under this
subsection.

4.3.6 Data Requirements

4.3.6.1 When requested initially under a Power Purchase Agreement and thereafter by end of
December each calendar year, each Generator shall in respect of each of its Generating
Units submit to the TSP in writing the Generator Performance Chart and the Generation
Planning Parameters to be applied from the beginning of next year onwards, using the
schedules provided in Chapter 6: Data and Information Exchange Code. The Generation
Planning Parameters shall be used by the TSP for Operational Planning purposes only
and not in Scheduling and Dispatch.

4.3.6.2 In the case of a Generating Unit which is capable of firing on two different fuels, the
Generator must submit to the TSP, by separate written notifications, the Generation
Planning Parameters in respect of each fuel, clearly marked to indicate for which fuel it
100 applies, and also the primary and the standby fuel.

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 4.3.6.3 The Generator Performance Chart must be on a Generating Unit specific basis at the
Generating Unit terminals and must include details of the Generator step-up transformer
parameters and demonstrate the limitation on Reactive Power capability of the
Transmission System voltage at three (3)% above nominal.

4.3.6.4 For each Generating Unit whose performance varies significantly with ambient
temperature, the Generator Performance Chart shall show curves for at least two values
of ambient temperature so that the TSP can assess the variation in performance over all
likely ambient temperatures by a process of linear interpolation or extrapolation. One of
these curves shall be for the ambient temperature at which the Generating Unit output
equals its Registered Capacity.

4.4 System Services

4.4.1 Introduction
4.4.1.1 This section deals with System Services which are essential to the proper functioning
of the Transmission System, and which also determine the Quality of supply. This section
specifically deals with the following System Services:
(i) Frequency Control;
(ii) Voltage Control;
(iii) System Control;
(iv) Operating Margin; and
(v) Black Start.

4.4.1.2 The TSP shall have control over all System Services, that is, it shall determine what System
Services are to be provided, when, and by whom.

4.4.2 Objectives
The objectives of this section are:
(i) to establish a policy to ensure Frequency Control capability in the
Transmission System for operational control by the TSP, and to set out
appropriate procedures to enable the TSP to control the Transmission
System frequency and (insofar as possible) maintain it within the limits
specified in Chapter 2: Connection Code; 101

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 (ii) to set out control strategies to be used by the TSP, in conjunction with
Users where appropriate, for controlling the Transmission System voltages;
(iii) to describe the various time scales for which Operating Margins are
required, the policy which will govern the Dispatch of the reserves, and
the procedures for monitoring the performance of Generating Units and
other reserve providers; and
(iv) to set out requirements relating to Black Start Stations to enable the TSP to
recover the Transmission System from a Partial or Total Shutdown.

4.4.3 Frequency Control

4.4.3.1 The TSP will achieve Frequency Control through Primary Frequency Control and
Secondary Frequency Control, as set out below:
(i) Primary Frequency Control takes place in the period of up to thirty (30)
seconds after a change in frequency and is achieved by automatic
corrective measures to frequency deviations occurring on the
Transmission System. Automatic Primary Frequency Control Actions in
response to normal frequency fluctuations, within the levels specified
in (2.4.2) on the Transmission System are also commonly termed as
“Frequency Regulation”.
(ii) frequency deviations, outside the levels specified in (2.4.2) such as those
that may occur on the loss of one or more Generating Unit(s), or other
MW input into the Transmission System or the Distribution System are
corrected through the use of Operating Reserve.
(iii) Secondary Frequency Control takes place in the time scale from 30
seconds up to 10 minutes after the change in frequency. It is provided by a
combination of automatic and manual actions.

4.4.3.2 Generation Speed Governor Systems

(i) To maintain Frequency Regulation capability in the Transmission System,
Generators are required to comply with the provisions of this section at
all times other than as permitted in exceptional circumstances as laid
down in (v) below.
(ii) Generating Units when Synchronized with the Transmission System
shall operate at all times under the control of a Speed Governor System,
unless otherwise specified by the TSP, with characteristics within the
102 appropriate ranges as specified in Chapter 2: Connection Code;

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 (iii) No time delays other than those necessarily inherent in the design of the
Speed Governor System shall be introduced;
(iv) Governor Systems should, as a minimum, be fully responsive to frequency
deviations exceeding ± 0.05 Hz.
(v) The Generator may only restrict the Governor action in some exceptional
circumstances, to be agreed with the TSP in advance, when doing so
becomes essential for any of the following situations:
(a) for the Safety of personnel and/or to avoid damage to Plant;
(b) to secure the Reliability of the Generating Unit;
(c) the restriction is agreed between the TSP and the Generator in advance;
(d) the restriction is in accordance with a Dispatch Instruction issued by the
TSP.

Such actions shall be brought to the notice of the TSP immediately, and the TSP shall
record them properly.

4.4.4 Voltage Control

4.4.4.1 To maintain Transmission System Security and integrity, to avoid damage to the
Transmission System and to User Plant, and to maintain voltages at User Connection
Points within the limits specified in Chapter 2: Connection Code, the TSP shall exercise
control of the Transmission System voltages.

4.4.4.2 The TSP shall strive to maintain sufficient availability of dynamic and static Reactive
Power capability in order to maintain Transmission System voltages at Connection Points
within the levels specified in (2.4.3) of Chapter 2: Connection Code, at all times by means
of one or more of the following measures:
(i) the charging capacitance of the Transmission System;
(ii) User Mvar Demand;
(iii) Transmission System Mvar losses;
(iv) Generating Unit Mvar production or absorption;
(v) through on-load tap changing of Generating Unit step-up transformer;
(vi) Voltage Control facilities, such as capacitor banks and reactors; and
(vii) dynamic voltage support.
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 4.4.4.3 Voltage Control Policy
The TSP shall control System voltage to minimize system losses and cost of System
Services. The TSP shall determine and modify, as appropriate, general procedures for use
in controlling voltage on the Transmission System. These procedures shall be formulated
with due regard to minimizing cost of the Transmission System operation and optimizing
System Safety and Reliability. In particular, the Voltage Control shall take cognizance of
the daily, weekly and seasonal factors, and the TSP shall determine:
(i) suitable target voltages in order to limit/control the effect of Transmission
capacitance;
(ii) best utilization of dedicated Voltage Control facilities; and
(iii) Mvar dynamic reserve requirements.

4.4.4.4 Voltage Control Methods

(i) The TSP shall continuously monitor the Transmission System voltages.
Appropriate voltage monitoring points shall be determined by the TSP,
taking account of the Voltage Control policy and in particular of the
Transmission System conditions pertaining at the time of operation.
(ii) The TSP shall adjust Transmission System voltages, using control facilities
that are available so as to achieve the Mvar Capacity necessary in order
to operate the Transmission System voltages at Connection Points within
the levels specified in (2.4.3) and retain a dynamic Mvar capability to
deal with changing System conditions which result from changes in
Demand or changes in Transmission or Generation configuration, whether
as a result of Control Actions or Faults.
(iii) The Excitation System of each Generating Unit shall be operated under
the control of a continuously acting Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR),
which shall be set so as to maintain a constant terminal voltage. The
Generator may not disable or restrict the operation of the AVR except in
accordance with (iv) below, in which event the Generator shall notify the
TSP immediately.
(iv) The Generator may only disable or restrict the AVR action where:
(a) the action is essential for the Safety of personnel and/or Plant;
(b) in order to (acting in accordance with Good Industry Practice), secure the
104 Reliability of the Generating Unit; or
(c) the restriction is agreed between the TSP and the Generator in advance.

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 In case the TSP either agrees to a restriction in AVR action or instructs such a restriction, the
TSP shall record the nature of the restriction, as well as the reason(s), time of occurrence,
and the duration of the restriction.
(v) In situations when the Generating Unit is not operating under AVR, the TSP
may impose restrictions on the operation of the Generating Unit in
accordance with Good Industry Practice, to the extent necessary to
provide for safe and secure operation of the Transmission System within
prescribed standards, including where necessary instructing the Generator
to De-energize the Generating Unit. Where the TSP takes such action, the
TSP shall consult with the Generator as soon as practicable in order to
determine a safe operating regime, which causes minimum restriction on
the operation of the Generating Unit.
(vi) The TSP shall, by means of Dispatch Instructions (as detailed in Chapter 5:
Scheduling and Dispatch Code), instruct Generators to adjust the Reactive
Power output of Generating Units, and the relevant provisions of Chapter
5 shall apply.
(vii) Other facilities which shall be utilized by the TSP, where appropriate, in
order to exercise Voltage Control shall include one or more of the
following:
(a) switching in or out of dedicated Voltage Control facilities, such as
capacitor banks and reactors;
(b) tap-changing on (E)HV Transmission System transformers; and/or
(c) switching out of Transmission (E)HV cables (and occasionally
Transmission lines) in order to reduce the capacitive contribution of
the Transmission System.
(viii) The TSP may, occasionally, reschedule Generating Units away from their
Nominations in order to achieve Transmission System voltages at
Connection Points within the levels specified in (2.4.3). However, the TSP
will resort to such rescheduling only to deal with emergencies or
contingencies that threaten the Stability and Security of the Transmission
System.

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 4.4.4.5 Emergency or Exceptional Voltage Control
Additional Voltage Control mechanisms may be utilized in the event of System Emergency
Conditions. These shall include (but not limited to) the following:
(i) Generators may be requested to operate Generating Units at Mvar
production or absorption levels outside their currently Declared Operating
Characteristics. This will be done by agreement between the Generator
and the TSP;
(ii) the TSP may also effect changes in System voltage by instructing, as a form
of Dispatch Instruction, the Generators to carry out a tap-change on the
main Generator transformer of several Generating Units simultaneously;
and
(iii) Demand Control may be used to prevent voltage from contravening the
low voltage limits as specified in (2.4.3) at the Connection Points.

4.4.5 System Control

4.4.5.1 In implementing the Transmission Outage Program, in normal operation of the
Transmission System, and in responding to Emergency and Fault situations on the
Transmission System, the TSP may need to carry out network switching and Control
Actions which may, from time to time, affect the operations of Users or Security of supply
to Users.

4.4.5.2 Operational network switching may be required by the TSP for a number of purposes
including the following:
(i) Outages of Transmission Plant and/or Apparatus for the purposes of
maintenance, new works, Operational Tests, Protection Testing, and work
by Users;
(ii) Outages of Transmission Plant and/or due to suspected or potential Faults
and Emergency repairs;
(iii) Voltage Control; or
(iv) limiting Power flows on the Transmission System to levels consistent with
the capabilities of the Transmission Plant and System Security.
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 4.4.5.3 System switching may also occur automatically and without advance warning due to
operation of Protection schemes in isolating or clearing of Faults on Transmission Plant
or on User Plant which is connected to the Transmission System.

4.4.5.4 Automatic switching sequences may also be established to limit Power flows or voltage
or frequency deviations in the event of Faults elsewhere on the Transmission System.

4.4.5.5 Notification to Users of Control Actions

(i) The TSP will only inform the User of a Control Action on the Transmission
System if the Control Action has (or expected to have) a Material Effect for
the User.
(ii) Where the TSP is unable to inform the Users prior to the Control Actions,
then the provisions of (4.4.5.6) shall apply.
(iii) Where it is identified and agreed, in accordance with the terms of the
Connection Agreements and/or operating agreements, between the
TSP and a User that a specific Control Action (usually an action affecting
the Transmission System configuration) has an Operational Effect on a
User and that there is merit in notifying the User in advance of the Control
Action, then the TSP will notify the User of the Control Action (if planned
and where time permits), in accordance with any standing agreement with
the User.
(iv) Typical examples of actions notified in accordance with (iii) above may
include:
(a) notification to Users of a significant reduction in supply Security to a
Connection Point, where the User may arrange standby feeding
arrangements at lower voltages; and/or
(b) notification to a Directly-connected Customer of a significant reduction
in supply Security to a Connection Point (such as the Outage of one of
two Connections) where the Directly-connected Customer may arrange
standby supply or run in-house Generation.

4.4.5.6 Control under Fault or Emergency Conditions

(i) In the event of a System Fault or Protection operation or other automatic
operation, it will not be possible to invoke standing procedures in
accordance with (4.4.5.5) prior to the occurrence of the Control Action. 107

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 (ii) In the circumstances referred to above or in the event that the TSP needs
to implement Control Actions urgently and without informing Users, then
unless the situation is of a temporary nature and has been rectified to
normal, the TSP shall inform Users of the occurrence of the actions.
(iii) The TSP shall also inform the Users as to the likely duration of the
condition and shall update this prognosis as appropriate. The TSP shall
additionally inform the Users when the condition no longer prevails.

4.4.5.7 De-energization of Users by the TSP

(i) The TSP may have to De-energize a User’s Plant and Apparatus from
time to time if, and to the extent, that the TSP reasonably considers it
necessary in order to provide for safe and secure operation of the
Transmission System in circumstances which otherwise cause or likely to
cause one or more of the following:
(a) risk to the Safety of personnel;
(b) risk to the Stability of the Transmission System;
(c) risk to the Transmission System or any User’s Plant and/or Apparatus;
(d) Transmission System elements to become loaded beyond their
emergency limits;
(e) voltage excursions on the Transmission System outside the ranges
specified in (2.4.3) of Chapter 2: Connection Code;
(f ) any behavior causing sustained operation outside the normal
Transmission System operating frequency range;
(g) any material breach of a Connection Condition; or
(h) any action or inaction which places the TSP in breach of any statutory or
regulatory obligation.
(ii) The TSP will notify the relevant User ahead of time about the De-
energization, wherever it is practicable for the TSP, to allow the User an
opportunity and reasonable time to remedy/rectify the problem. In
extreme situations, however, when there is an imminent threat to the
Stability and Security of the System, the TSP will not be obliged to notify
the User ahead of the De-energization.

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 4.4.6 Operating Margin
4.4.6.1 In order to deal with Demand Forecast uncertainties and to safeguard against a sudden
loss of Generation from the Transmission System, it is imperative that a suitable Operating
Margin be maintained through the Control Phase. Operating Margin is required to have
Capacity available in the System that can be utilized for reliable and secure balancing of
supply and Demand.

4.4.6.2 Operating Margin is the additional output from Generating Plants or Demand Control
which is realizable in real time to aid in containing and correcting any System frequency
falling to an acceptable level due to loss of Generation or a mismatch between supply
and Demand.

4.4.6.3 The Operating Margin consists of Operating Reserve (further divided into 3 categories,
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Operating Reserve) and Contingency Reserve as further
elaborated in the following paragraphs.

4.4.6.4 Operating Reserve

Operating Reserve’s definitions relate to the time elapsed from the occurrence of an
Event which has initiated a frequency disturbance. The definition of the time at which
the Event is deemed to have occurred and other associated definitions are addressed in
the terms and condition laid down under Operating Margin Policy.
(i) Primary Operating Reserve
(a) Generating Unit providing Primary Operating Reserve for Frequency
Regulation as a System Service shall operate in an automatic Frequency
Sensitive Mode (also known as free-governor mode) for automatic
response of the Unit’s Power output to changes in frequency. The Speed
Governor Systems of the Generating Unit shall have a maximum response
time of five (5) seconds. The automatic change in Active Power output
of a Generating Unit will also increase or decrease in response to a
System frequency decrease or increase.

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 (b) The Positive Primary Response is the automatic increase in Active Power
output of a Generating Unit in response to a System frequency fall in
accordance with the Primary Control capability and additional
mechanisms for releasing Active Power. The Negative Primary Response
is the automatic decrease in Active Power output of a Generating Unit in
response to a System frequency rise in accordance with the Primary
Control capability and additional mechanisms for reducing Active Power
output.
(ii) Secondary Operating Reserve
Secondary Operating Reserve is the additional MW output (and/
or reduction in Demand) required compared to the pre-Incident output (or
Demand), which is fully available and sustainable over the period from 15
to 90 seconds following an Event.
(iii) Tertiary Operating Reserve
Tertiary Reserve is further divided into Band 1 and Band 2, as explained
below:
(a) Band 1: additional MW output (and/or reduction in Demand) required
compared to the pre-incident output (or Demand) which is fully available
and sustainable over the period from ninety (90) seconds to five (5)
minutes following an Event.
(b) Band 2: additional MW output (and/or reduction in Demand) required
compared to the pre-Incident output (or Demand) which is fully available
and sustainable over the period from five (5) minutes to thirty (30)
minutes following an Event.

4.4.6.5 Contingency Reserve

Contingency Reserve is the margin of available Generation Capacity over Forecast
Demand, which is required in the period from twenty-four (24) hours ahead down to
real time, to cover against uncertainties in availability of Generation Capacity and also
against weather forecast and Demand Forecast uncertainties. Contingency Reserve is
provided by Generating Plant which is not required to be Synchronized, but which must
be held available to Synchronize with the System within a limited time scale.

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 4.4.6.6 Operating Margin Policy
Operating Reserve
(i) The TSP shall determine the amount of Primary Operating Reserve,
Secondary Operating Reserve, and Tertiary Operating Reserve to be
carried at any time to ensure system Security. Due consideration will be
given to relevant factors, including but not limited to the following:
(a) the relevant TSP operating policy in existence at that time;
(b) the extent to which User Disconnections allowed under the relevant
standard have already occurred within the then relevant period;
(c) the elapsed time since the last User Disconnection Incident;
(d) particular events of national or widespread significance, which may
justify provision of additional Operating Reserve;
(e) the cost of providing Operating Reserve at any point in time;
(f ) the magnitude and number of the largest Generation infeeds to the
Transmission System at that time, including infeeds over external
interconnections and also over single Transmission feeders within the
Transmission System;
(g) ambient weather conditions, insofar as they may affect (directly or
indirectly) Generating Unit and/or Transmission System Reliability; and
(h) the predicted frequency drop on the loss of the largest infeed as may be
determined through simulation using a dynamic model of the Power
System.
(ii) The TSP shall keep records of significant alterations to the Operating
Margin policy as and when such alterations occur.

Responsibilities of the TSP in respect of Operating Reserve

(iii) The TSP shall, in accordance with Good Industry Practice, Dispatch
Generation and otherwise operate the Transmission System in compliance
with the TSP’s determinations as to the Operating Margin Policy made
from time to time.

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 (iv) The TSP’s sole responsibility, having met its obligations under the
preceding provisions of this subsection, shall be to, acting in accordance
with Good Industry Practice, Dispatch such Generating Units as are
required to meet:
(a) System Demand; and
(b) the level of Operating Reserve required by the TSP’s then Operating
Margin policy.

Contingency Reserve
(v) The TSP shall determine the amount of Contingency Reserve required
for each time scale up to 24 hours ahead, taking due consideration of
relevant factors including but not limited to the following:
(a) historical Availability and Reliability performance of individual
Generating Units;
(b) notified risk to the Reliability of individual Generating Units; and
(c) Demand Forecast uncertainties.

4.4.7 Black Start

4.4.7.1 In order to recover the Transmission System from a Partial or Total Shutdown, it is
necessary to have certain Generating Stations (Black Start Stations) available which have
the ability for at least one of their Generating Units to Start-Up from Shutdown and to
Energize a part of the System, Synchronize to the System, and Energize dead bus, upon
instruction from the TSP within two (2) hours, without an external electrical Power supply.

4.4.7.2 In order to maintain Security on the Transmission System at all times, Black Start Stations
are required to comply with the provisions of this subsection.

4.4.7.3 The Generating Units agreeing to provide Black Start capability must provide frequency
and voltage within the prescribed limits during line Energization and remote load pick
up.

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 4.4.7.4 The TSP shall verify the actual performance of Black Start capability in the event actual
system Blackout conditions occur.

4.4.7.5 Generators providing Black Start capability will also be required to provide voice and
communication facilities linked with the TSP and capable of operating without an external
AC Power supply for the period as specified by the TSP in the relevant agreement.

4.4.7.6 Requirements of Black Start Stations

Other than as permitted in accordance with (ii) below:
(i) During a Black Start situation, instructions relating to Black Start Stations
will be in the format required for instructions to Generating Units in
Chapter 5: Scheduling and Dispatch Code, and will recognize any
differing Black Start operational capabilities (however termed) set
out in the relevant System Services Agreement in preference to the
Declared operational capability as registered pursuant to Chapter 5:
Scheduling and Dispatch Code. For the purposes of these instructions, the
Black Start will be an emergency circumstance. For Generating Units which
are not Black Start Units, Dispatch Instructions will recognize each Unit’s
Declared operational capability as registered pursuant to Chapter 5:
Scheduling and Dispatch Code.
(ii) If during the Demand restoration process, any Black Start Unit cannot,
because of the Demand being experienced, keep within its safe operating
parameters, the Generator shall inform the TSP immediately. The TSP will,
where possible, either instruct Demand to be altered or will re-configure
the Transmission System or will instruct a User to re-configure its System
in order to alleviate the problem being experienced by the Generator.
However, the TSP acknowledges that any decision to keep a Unit operating
outside its safe operating parameters, is one for the Generator concerned
alone to make and understands that the Generator may change
Generation on that Unit if it believes that it is necessary for Safety reasons
(whether relating to personnel, Plant, and/or Apparatus). If such a change
is made without prior notice, then the Generator shall inform the TSP as
soon as reasonably practical.
(iii) The Generator shall report to the TSP all the required operational
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 4.5 Operational Liaison
4.5.1 Introduction
This section specifies the procedure and terms and conditions of Operational Liaison
between the TSP and the Users of the Transmission System to ensure that the emergencies
do not jeopardize the operation of the Transmission System or the health of Plant and
Equipment.

4.5.2 Objectives
The objectives of this section are the following:
(i) to provide a mechanism of coordination between all Participants to ensure
that communication of Operations, Events, and Significant Incidents
among them is timely and effective to minimize the implications of such
events on the integrity of the Transmission System;
(ii) to specify the Significant Incident reports to be issued by the TSP to
Users, and by Users to the TSP, if any Significant Incident has occurred on
the Transmission System or the User System; and
(iii) to specify the procedure that the TSP shall adopt to investigate any
Significant Incident that materially affected the Quality of service to
another Participant.

4.5.3 Procedure for Notification of Operations, Events, and Significant Incidents

4.5.3.1 The TSP shall notify an Operation, Event, and/or Significant Incident on the Transmission
System which may have an Operational Effect on the System of any other Users.

4.5.3.2 A User shall notify an Operation, Event, and/or Significant Incident on the System of that
User which may have an Operational Effect on the Transmission System. On notification
by the relevant User, the TSP will notify any other User(s) on whose System(s) the
Operation, Event, or Significant Incident will (or, in the TSP’s opinion, may) have an
Operational Effect.

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 4.5.3.3 Timing and Form of Notification
A notification (via an acceptable medium) under this section shall be given as far advance
as practicable and shall be of sufficient detail to describe the Operation and to enable the
recipient of the notification reasonably to consider and assess the implications and risks
arising and will include the name of the individual reporting the Operation on behalf of
the TSP or the User, as the case may be.

4.5.4 Significant Incidents

Where a User notifies the TSP pursuant to this section of an Event which the TSP considers
has had or may have had a significant effect on the Transmission System, the TSP will
require the User to report that Event in writing in accordance with the provisions of this
section. Such Event will be termed a “Significant Incident” and may include the following:
(i) voltage outside operational limits;
(ii) System frequency outside statutory limits;
(iii) Load Disconnection;
(iv) islanding conditions; and
(v) System instability.

4.5.5 Yellow Alert

4.5.5.1 A Yellow Alert, further defined in (4.7.4), will be issued by the TSP (subsequently to be
confirmed in writing) to Users who may be affected when the TSP realizes that there is
a risk of widespread and serious disturbance to the whole, or a part of, the Transmission
System.

4.5.5.2 The Yellow Alert will contain such information as the TSP deems appropriate.

4.5.5.3 For the duration of a Yellow Alert, each User receiving the Yellow Alert shall take necessary
steps to warn its operational staff and maintain its Plant and/or Apparatus in the condition
in which it is best able to withstand the anticipated disturbance.

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 4.5.6 Significant Incident Reporting Procedure
4.5.6.1 A Significant Incident Notice shall be issued by the TSP or a User, as the case may be,
as soon as possible after the occurrence of the Significant Incident, and shall identify the
following, if possible:
(i) date, time, and location of the Incident;
(ii) brief description of the Incident;
(iii) expected impact;
(iv) expected time to restore; and
(v) cause, if known.

4.5.6.2 The TSP shall investigate any Significant Incident that materially affected the Quality
of service to another User. These may include Interruptions of supply, Disconnections,
under or over voltage or frequency Incidents, or Quality of supply contraventions, etc. A
preliminary Significant Incident Report shall be available after fifteen (15) working days
and a final Significant Incident Report within two (2) months. The TSP shall initiate and
coordinate such an investigation, arrange for the writing of the report, and involve all
Affected Users. The Users shall make all relevant information available to the TSP and
participate in the investigation where reasonably required. The TSP shall make the report
available (if requested) to any User within the confidentiality constraints.

4.5.6.3 The Users shall prepare and submit to the TSP monthly Operations Reports on Grid
operation. These reports shall include an evaluation of the Operations, Events, Significant
Incidents, and any other problems that occurred on the Grid during the previous month,
the measures undertaken by the Users to address them, and the recommendations to
prevent their recurrence in the future. The Users shall prepare and submit to the TSP
quarterly and annual Operations Reports also. These reports shall include the Operations,
Events, and Significant Incidents that had a Material Effect on the Transmission System
or the System of any User (as the case may be) during the past quarter of the year.

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 4.6 Operational Communication between the TSP and Users
4.6.1 Introduction
To ensure proper operation and control of the Transmission System, standard and efficient
communication links and facilities between the Users and the TSP are imperative. This
section specifies the details of the communication facilities required between the TSP
and Users and also establishes the procedure to be used by the TSP and Users to ensure
timely exchange of information to enable the TSP to discharge its obligations regarding
the operation of the Transmission System.

4.6.2 Objectives
The objectives of this section are the following:
(i) to establish contact locations for the TSP and the User;
(ii) to detail the communication facilities required between the TSP and the
User;
(iii) to establish the procedures for exchange of information between the TSP
and the User; and
(iv) to establish the general procedures for the authorization of the TSP and
User personnel to act on behalf of their respective entities in the
communication of information between the TSP and the User.

4.6.3 Contact Locations and their Adequacy

4.6.3.1 The contact location between the TSP and the User for communicating on matters
pertaining to Transmission System operation shall be the TSP Control Center for the TSP,
and the User Control Center for the User.

4.6.3.2 The User is required to establish and maintain a Control Center that shall be staffed at
appropriate levels at all times.

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 4.6.3.3 The User shall designate a Responsible Engineer at its Control Center who shall respond
to communications from the TSP without undue delay. The User’s Responsible Engineer
should have adequate experience and training, and must be authorized to perform the
following operations on behalf of the User:
(i) to receive and acknowledge receipt of a given instruction from the TSP; and
(ii) to accept and execute instructions from the TSP.

4.6.3.4 The User’s contact locations and personnel (including their electronic mailing addresses,
if any) shall be notified by the Users to the TSP prior to Connection and updated thereafter
as appropriate.

4.6.3.5 If the TSP Control Center or the User Control Center is moved to another location, the TSP
shall notify the Users or the relevant User shall notify the TSP (as the case may be) without
delay of the new location and any changes to the communication facilities necessitated
by such a move.

4.6.3.6 The communications (other than relating to the submission of data and notices) between
the TSP and the User shall take place between the TSP Control Engineer and the relevant
User’s Responsible Engineer as provided in section (1.12) in Chapter 1: General Conditions.

4.6.3.7 Each User shall have one telephone and one facsimile unit on separate lines reserved
for operational purposes only, which must be continuously attended to and answered
without undue delay.

4.6.3.8 The TSP and Users shall keep all Operational Data communicated between them as
confidential.

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 4.6.4 Communication Systems and Equipment
4.6.4.1 For communication between the TSP and Users, SCADA and other communication
facilities for voice as well as data transmission shall be provided. These facilities shall
be designed, maintained, upgraded, and kept compatible with the SCADA and
Communication facilities of the TSP, in accordance with the terms and conditions and
standards as laid down in the relevant Connection Agreement.

4.6.4.2 The TSP shall provide (at the cost of the relevant User) the SCADA system for monitoring
real time information and controlling the Equipment at facilities of respective sides.

4.6.4.3 All Users shall provide a TSP approved voice communication service to provide both
primary and alternate communication link between the TSP and the operator controlling
the User facility.

4.6.4.4 All Users shall provide monitoring and recording instruments at their respective sides
connected to the Transmission System.

4.6.4.5 All communication facilities shall be constructed, operated, and maintained according
to the TSP standards for such facilities, or in their absence, to relevant standards of the
International Telecommunication Union (ITU), IEC, or their Saudi national equivalents.

4.6.5 Conditions of Monitoring and Recording Equipment

4.6.5.1 The TSP shall provide SCADA outstation interface Equipment. The User shall provide
such voltage, current, frequency, Active Power and Reactive Power measurement
outputs and Plant status indications and alarms to the TSP SCADA outstation interface
Equipment as required by the TSP in accordance with the terms and conditions of the
relevant Connection Agreement.

4.6.5.2 Active Power and Reactive Power measurements, circuit breaker and Disconnector
status indications from Generating Units must each be provided to the TSP on an
individual Generating Unit basis.
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 4.6.5.3 The manner in which information is required to be presented to the outstation Equipment
shall be set out in the relevant Connection Agreement.

4.6.5.4 The TSP shall provide Data Acquisition Systems, Disturbance Recorders, and/or Event
Loggers (as the case may be) for recording the performance of the Transmission System.

4.6.5.5 Monitoring Equipment shall be provided on the Transmission System by the TSP to
monitor the System dynamic performance.

4.6.6 SCADA Systems

4.6.6.1 The SCADA system should be capable of exchanging the System status and data from
the TSP to the User, and vice versa.

4.6.6.2 Participants shall interface via the standard digital interfaces. Interface cabinets shall be
installed in the Participant’s Plant and Equipment room. The provision and maintenance
of the wiring and signaling from the Participant’s Plant and Equipment to the interface
cabinets shall be the responsibility of the Participant.

4.6.6.3 The information exchange shall support data acquisition from remote terminal units
(RTUs). The TSP should be able to monitor the system status and data via telemetry from
the RTUs connected to the Users’ Plant.

4.6.6.4 The TSP shall have the capability to deactivate and reactivate the scanning of a given
RTU, as well as the capability of monitoring the availability of all RTUs from a central
location.

4.6.6.5 All communication facilities (including SCADA) shall be secured against unauthorized
access. The TSP shall agree with the User, the procedures governing security and access
to the User’s SCADA, computer, and communication facilities. The procedures shall allow
access to the Equipment and information by the TSP or its nominated representative(s)
for the purposes of maintenance, repair, testing, and reading of meters.
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 4.7 Contingency Planning
4.7.1 Introduction
4.7.1.1 In Emergency situations, the Security of the Transmission System can come under
abnormal stresses and the electricity supply systems can suffer Partial or Total Shutdown.
To deal with such eventualities, and to ensure that the System gets back to its normal
state as quickly and safely as practicable, the instructions and procedure established in
this section shall be followed by the TSP and Users.

4.7.1.2 The TSP shall include Generators providing Black Start capability in conducting System-
wide training and drills, as considered necessary by the TSP to re-energize the
Transmission System following a Partial or Total System Shutdown.

4.7.1.3 Any emergency drills conducted by either the TSP or the User shall be coordinated
between the TSP and the relevant User, and also with any other Affected User(s).

4.7.2 Objective
The objective primarily is to ensure that in the event of a Partial or Total Shutdown of
the Transmission System, normal supply is restored to all the Users as quickly and safely
as practicable in accordance with Good Industry Practices.

4.7.3 Terms and Conditions

4.7.3.1 Emergency Plans shall allow for quick and orderly recovery from a Partial or Total
Shutdown, with minimum impacts on the Users.

4.7.3.2 All Contingency and/or Emergency Plans shall be periodically verified by actual tests
to the greatest practical extent. When such tests can cause undue risk or undue cost to
a User, the TSP shall take such risks or costs into consideration when deciding whether
to conduct the tests or not. Tests shall be carried out at a time that is least disruptive to
the Participants. The costs of these tests shall be borne by the respective asset owner(s).
The TSP shall ensure the coordination of the tests in consultation with all Affected Users.
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 4.7.3.3 Users shall comply with the TSP’s requirements for Contingency and Emergency Plans.

4.7.3.4 The TSP shall set the requirements for Automatic and Manual Load Dropping after
consulting and agreeing on the schedules with the Users. The Users shall make available
options and schemes to comply with these requirements.

4.7.3.5 The TSP shall be responsible for determining all operational limits on the Transmission
System, updating these periodically, and making these available to the User.

4.7.3.6 The TSP shall conduct necessary system studies regularly to determine the effect that
various component failures would have on the Reliability of the Transmission System. At
the request of the TSP, Distribution Entities shall also perform requisite system studies on
their part(s) of the network and make the results available to the TSP.

4.7.3.7 Following Emergency operations as may be necessary to protect the integrity of the
Transmission System or the Safety of Equipment and human life, the Participants shall
work diligently towards removing the cause of the Emergency and the supply shall be
restored immediately after the Emergency Conditions have passed.

4.7.3.8 Emergency drills shall be conducted at least once a year to familiarize all staff responsible
for Emergency and System Restoration activities with the Emergency and System
Restoration procedures. The drills shall simulate realistic emergency situations. A drill
evaluation shall be performed and deficiencies in procedures and responses shall be
identified and corrected.

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 4.7.3.9 The TSP shall develop and maintain Contingency Plans to manage system contingencies
and emergencies that are relevant to the performance of the Transmission System. Such
Contingency Plans shall be developed in consultation with all Users involved in the
Transmission System, shall be consistent with internationally accepted practices, and
shall include but shall not be limited to the following:
(i) under frequency load shedding;
(ii) under voltage load shedding;
(iii) disasters management (natural disasters, or other unexpected events),
including the necessary minimum load requirements;
(iv) Forced Outages at all Connection Points, and
(v) supply restoration.

4.7.4 Demand Control

4.7.4.1 If Demand Control due to Generation deficiency needs to be implemented, the TSP
shall issue several Alerts to the Generators, and Dispatch Control Centers. These Alerts
may include a Yellow Alert, Red Alert, or Amber Alert or any other Alerts as may be agreed
from time to time by the Participants.

4.7.4.2 Yellow Alert may be issued when a single Event would give rise to a reasonable possibility
of failure to meet the Power System Demand, or of frequency or voltage departing
significantly from normal, or if multiple Events are probable due to prevailing weather
conditions.

4.7.4.3 Amber Alert may be issued when the Contingency Reserve is zero, a Generation
deficiency exists, or there is a Critical Loading or imminent overloading of the
Transmission lines or Equipment. Amber Alert may be issued by 15:00 hours, a day ahead.
The Amber Alert Warning shall specify the amount and the period during which the
Demand reduction will be required due to anticipated frequency or voltage deviation
significantly from normal.

4.7.4.4 Red Alert may be issued when either a Partial or a Total Shutdown of the Power System
has taken place.
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 4.7.4.5 During Demand Control, Generation Dispatch shall cease and shall not be re-implemented
until the TSP has determined that it is safe to do so.

4.7.4.6 Demand Control Imminent Warning shall be issued by the TSP when a Demand reduction
is expected within the next thirty (30) minutes. The Demand Control Imminent Warning
shall be effective for one (1) hour and shall be automatically canceled if it is not re-issued
by the TSP.

4.7.4.7 The User shall notify the TSP of the amount of Demand reduction actually achieved after
implementing the Demand Control.

4.7.4.8 In the event of a protracted shortage in Generation and when a reduction in Demand
is anticipated by the TSP to be prolonged, the TSP shall notify the User of the expected
duration.

4.7.4.9 The Users shall abide by the instruction of the TSP with regard to the restoration of
Demand. The restoration of Demand shall be achieved as soon as possible and the
process of restoration shall begin immediately after the instruction is given by the TSP.

4.7.4.10 If a User intends to implement Demand Control for the following day through a Demand
Disconnection at the Connection Point, it shall notify the TSP of the hourly schedule
before 10:00 hours of the current day. The notification shall contain the following
information:
(i) The proposed (in the case of prior notification) and actual (in the case
of subsequent notification) date, time, and duration of implementation of
the Demand Disconnection; and
(ii) The magnitude of the proposed reduction by the use of Demand
Disconnection.

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 4.7.4.11 If the Demand Control involves the Disconnection of an industrial load, Voluntary Load
Curtailment or any similar scheme shall be implemented by staggering the Curtailment
wherein the Customers are divided into different Curtailment Groups (e.g. Saturday
Group, Sunday Group, etc.). Users participating in the Voluntary Load Curtailment shall
voluntarily reduce their respective loads for a certain period of time depending on the
extent of the Generation deficiency. Industrial Users who implement a Voluntary Load
Curtailment shall provide the TSP with the amount of the Demand reduction actually
achieved.

4.7.4.12 The User shall provide the TSP with the amount of Demand reduction actually achieved
by the use of the Demand Disconnection.

4.7.5 System Restoration

4.7.5.1 To ensure that in the event of a Partial or Total Shutdown of the Transmission System,
normal supply is restored to all Users as quickly and as safely as practicable, it is necessary
to provide in the Grid Code a mechanism on how such Partial or Total Shutdown of the
Transmission System is to be dealt with, and to ensure that the necessary procedures
and facilities are in place to support rapid re-establishing of the Shutdown parts, and to
restore Supply to Users.

4.7.5.2 The Objectives of System Restoration are the following:

(i) to provide a general System Restoration strategy which will be adopted by
the TSP in the event of a Partial or Total Shutdown of the Transmission
System;
(ii) to establish the responsibility of the TSP to produce and maintain
a comprehensive System Restoration Plan, covering both Partial and Total
Shutdowns;
(iii) to establish the responsibility of Users to co-operate with the TSP in the
development and execution of the System Restoration Plan; and
(iv) to ensure that the TSP and User staff who will be potentially involved with
the System Restoration Plan, should be adequately trained and fully
familiar with the relevant details of the Plan.
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 4.7.5.3 During restoration process of the Transmission System, the normal standards of voltage
and frequency shall not apply.

4.7.5.4 The TSP shall conduct drills, at least once each year, to train the Users for Emergency
preparedness. The date and time of execution of such drills shall be agreed by the TSP
with Users in advance and the TSP shall issue a Red Alert for such a drill. The Users must
cooperate with the TSP for conducting such drills/testing.

4.7.5.5 Restoration Plan

(i) The TSP shall issue instructions for the Generators with Black Start
Capability to initiate the Start-up. The Generator providing Black Start shall
then inform the TSP that its Generating Unit is dispatchable within thirty
(30) minutes.
(ii) Upon receipt of the instruction from the TSP, Generating Unit providing
Black Start shall Start-up immediately to Energize a part of the System
and/or Synchronize with the System.
(iii) The overall strategy in restoring of the System after a Partial or Total
Shutdown shall, in general, include the following:
(a) overlapping phases of restoration of islanded parts of the System;
(b) step-by-step integration of the islanded parts of the System into larger
sections; and
(c) eventual restoration of the whole System.
(iv) The TSP shall coordinate the providing of Backup Reserve by thermal
Generating Units so that these can be put back to the Grid without going
to the full restart procedure.
(v) The TSP shall inform the Users, after completing the System Restoration
procedure and the restoration of the System, that the Blackout no longer
exists and that the System is back to the normal state.
(vi) The TSP will coordinate with Generators to provide start up Power (not
reserve) to steam Units/Plants as the first priority.

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 4.7.5.6 Resynchronization of Islanded Parts of The Grid
(i) When parts of the System are not Synchronized with each other, the TSP
shall instruct Users to regulate Generation and/or Demand to re-
Synchronize the islanded parts of the System.
(ii) If a part of the System is not connected to the rest of the System, but
there is no Blackout in that part, the TSP shall undertake the re-
Synchronization/reconnection of that part to the rest of the System.

4.8 Operational Testing

4.8.1 Introduction
Operational Tests, which involve the simulation of conditions or the controlled application
of unusual or extreme conditions, can have undesirable effects on the Transmission
System. This section, therefore, deals with the responsibilities and procedures for
arranging and carrying out of Operational Tests on the Transmission System in order to
minimize any threats to the integrity of Equipment, the Security of the Grid, as well as
any other detrimental effects on the TSP and other Users. Tests under this section shall
exclude routine testing, Commissioning or re-Commissioning Tests, or any other tests of
a minor nature.

4.8.2 Objective
The primary objectives are:
(i) to establish a process for conducting Operational Tests on the System
by the TSP or other Users in such a way as to ensure that such tests,
as much as possible, do not threaten the Safety or Security of the System,
Equipment, or life; and
(ii) establish a procedure for conducting such tests.

4.8.3 Operational Test Request

4.8.3.1 If a User wishes to undertake an Operational Test on the Transmission System (or the
User System), it shall initiate a Test Request that contains the following:
(i) the purpose and nature of the proposed test;
(ii) the extent and condition of the Equipment involved; and
(iii) a proposed Test Procedure specifying the switching sequence and the
timing of the switching sequence.
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 4.8.3.2 The Test Proponent shall provide sufficient time for the TSP to plan the proposed test.
The TSP shall determine the time required for each type of the test and the associated
costs that shall be borne by the User requesting the test(s).

4.8.3.3 The TSP may require additional information before approving the proposed test if the
information contained in the Test Request is insufficient or the proposed Test Procedure
cannot ensure the Safety of personnel or the Security of the Grid.

4.8.3.4 The TSP shall determine and notify other Users, other than the Test Proponent, that may
be affected by the proposed Operational Test.

4.8.3.5 The TSP may also initiate an Operational Test if it determines that this test is necessary to
ensure the Safety, Stability, Security, and Reliability of the Transmission System.

4.8.4 Establishing of the Test Group

4.8.4.1 Within one (1) month after the acceptance of a Test Request, the TSP shall notify the
Test Proponent, and the Affected Users of the proposed test. The notice shall contain the
following:
(i) the purpose and nature of the proposed test, the extent and condition
of the Equipment involved, the identity of the Test Proponent, and the
Affected Users;
(ii) an invitation to nominate representative(s) for the Test Group to be
established to coordinate the proposed test; and
(iii) if the test involves work or testing on (E)HV Equipment, the responsible
person(s) for Safety Assurance shall be informed and the Safety
procedures specified in section 4.10: Cross-boundary Safety Assurance
shall be followed.

4.8.4.2 The Test Proponent and the Affected Users shall nominate their representative(s) to the
Test Group within one (1) month after receiving the notice from the TSP.

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 4.8.4.3 If an Affected User fails to nominate its representative within the period stipulated
in (4.8.4.2), the TSP will issue a reminder to that User asking the User to nominate his
representative to the Test Group within one (1) week’s time. If the User still does not
nominate its representative, The TSP may decide to proceed with the proposed test and
may appoint another TSP person to the Test Group to represent the interests of that User.

4.8.4.4 The TSP shall establish a Test Group and appoint a Test Coordinator, who shall act as
chairman of the Test Group. The Test Coordinator may come from the TSP or the Test
Proponent.

4.8.4.5 The members of the Test Group shall meet within one (1) month after the Test Group is
established. The Test Coordinator shall convene the Test Group as often as necessary.

4.8.4.6 The agenda for the meeting of the Test Group shall include the following:
(i) the details of the purpose and nature of the proposed Test and other
matters included in the Test Request;
(ii) evaluation of the Test Procedure as submitted by the Test Proponent and
making necessary modifications to come up with the final Test Procedure;
(iii) the possibility of scheduling the proposed test simultaneously with any
other test(s) and with Equipment maintenance which may arise pursuant
to the Maintenance Program requirements of the TSP or the Users; and
(iv) the economic, operational, and risk implications of the proposed test on
the Transmission System, and the Scheduling and Dispatch of the
Generating Unit/Station.

4.8.4.7 The Test Proponent and the Affected Users (including those which are not represented
in the Test Group) shall provide the Test Group, upon request, with such details as the
Test Group reasonably requires for carrying out the proposed Operational Test.

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 4.8.5 Operational Test Program
4.8.5.1 Within two (2) months after the first meeting and at least one (1) month prior to the
date of the proposed Operational Test, the Test Group shall submit to the TSP, the Test
Proponent, and the Affected Users a proposed Test Program which shall contain the
following:
(i) a plan for carrying out the test;
(ii) the procedure to be followed for the test, including the manner in which
the test is to be monitored;
(iii) list of responsible persons, including those responsible for coordinating on
Safety, when necessary, and who will be involved in carrying out the test;
(iv) allocation of all testing costs among the Affected Users; and
(v) such other matters as the Test Group may deem appropriate and
necessary and are approved by the management of the Affected Users.

4.8.5.2 If the proposed Test Program is acceptable to the TSP and the Affected Users, the final
Test Program shall be prepared and the test shall proceed accordingly. Otherwise, the
Test Group shall revise the Test Program to make it acceptable.

4.8.5.3 If the Test Group is unable to develop a Test Program or reach a consensus in implementing
the Test Program, the TSP shall determine whether it is necessary to proceed with the
test to ensure the Security of the Transmission System.

4.8.5.4 The Test Coordinator shall be notified in writing, as soon as possible, of any proposed
revision or amendment to the Test Program prior to the day of the proposed test. If the
Test Coordinator decides that the proposed revision or amendment is meritorious, he
shall notify the TSP, the Test Proponent, and the Affected Users to act accordingly for
the inclusion thereof. The Test Program shall then be carried out with the revisions or
amendments if the Test Coordinator receives no objections.

4.8.5.5 If conditions are abnormal on the scheduled day for the test, the Test Coordinator may
recommend a postponement or rescheduling of the test.
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 4.8.6 Operational Test Report
4.8.6.1 Within one (1) month or a shorter period as the Test Group may agree after the conclusion
of the test, the Test Proponent shall prepare and submit a Test Report to the TSP, the
Affected Users, and the members of the Test Group.

4.8.6.2 After the submission of the Test Report, the Test Group shall stand dissolved.

4.9 Testing to Monitor, Investigate, and Verify Performance

4.9.1 Introduction
4.9.1.1 In order to discharge its responsibilities for safe, secure, and economic operation of the
Transmission System, the TSP will need to carry out certain testing to monitor, investigate,
and verify the performance of Users’ Plant.

4.9.1.2 The TSP shall treat all information and data collected from User pursuant to the provisions
of this section as confidential.

4.9.2 Objective
The primary objective is to establish a procedure for verifying that the Users are operating
within their design, operating and other contractual requirements, as specified in the
relevant Connection Agreement between the User and the TSP.

4.9.3 Monitoring
4.9.3.1 Monitoring shall be either continuous or continuous for periods of time, and shall be
done by monitoring, data recording, and analysis, or by such other methods as the TSP
reasonably determines to be appropriate in the circumstances. Advance notification
from the TSP to Users may not be necessary in every case.

4.9.3.2 Where a data recording and analysis system is used for monitoring, the TSP shall inform
the User that such data recording and analysis system is being used and, on request from
the User, shall make available to the User reasonable information in respect of the data
recording and analysis system.
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 4.9.3.3 Monitoring may be carried out at any time by the TSP and may result, without the
application of further testing, in the evaluation by the TSP of Users’ non-compliance.

4.9.3.4 Where the User disputes a finding of non-compliance, the TSP shall provide the User
any data collected during the monitoring over the period of alleged non-compliance
and such other documentation as may be reasonably necessary to prove evidence of
non-compliance.

4.9.3.5 Performance parameters that the TSP shall monitor may include, but not limited to, the
following:
(i) compliance with Dispatch Instructions; and
(ii) compliance with Declarations including, without limitation, in respect of:
(a) Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Operating Reserve provided by each of
the Generator’s Units/Station,
(b) Frequency Regulation provided by each Generating Unit;
(c) provision of static and dynamic Reactive Power; and
(d) Generating Unit capability.

4.9.4 Investigation
4.9.4.1 The TSP may, if it suspects non-compliance by the User, carry out investigation to acquire
or verify information relevant to User’s Plant and/or Apparatus design, operation, or
other contractual requirements under the Grid Code, or the Connection Agreement.

4.9.4.2 Investigation by the TSP usually applies to information not collected on a regular basis
by means of monitoring and testing. The TSP may, having given reasonable notice,
send a representative or subcontractor to a User’s Site to investigate any Equipment
or operational procedure on or applicable to the User Site insofar as the condition of
that Equipment or operational procedure is relevant to compliance with the Grid Code,
Connection Agreement, and/or any other agreement(s) between the User and the TSP.

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 4.9.5 Testing to Verify Performance
4.9.5.1 The results of a test to verify performance may be derived from the monitoring of
performance during the test.

4.9.5.2 The TSP may:

(i) for the purposes of above testing, issue a Dispatch Instruction; and
(ii) induce controlled Power System frequency or voltage conditions or
variations for the purpose of determining that the Generating Unit’s
response is in accordance with its Declared Availability, System Service
capabilities, and/or Operating Characteristics.

4.9.5.3 If the TSP subcontracts testing work on a User’s Site, then the User and the TSP must be
in agreement on the selection of a suitable subcontractor.

4.9.6 Commissioning Tests

4.9.6.1 Commissioning Tests is one of the final activities under project implementation which
is carried out to test all Equipment, Protection Schemes and other systems to verify the
correct functioning of the User Development. The TSP will witness the Commissioning
Tests. After the Commissioning Tests and their acceptance by the TSP, the User facility is
considered ready for Energization.

4.9.6.2 The following Commissioning Test procedure shall be followed:

(i) All the tests specified in the Connection Agreement shall be carried
out in the presence of designated personnel of the TSP or its
authorized representative(s). All test results must be signed by such
personnel or representative(s). All tests shall be performed in accordance
with the Commissioning Test schedules pre-approved by the TSP.
(ii) The User shall prepare and submit a Commissioning Test schedule/plan,
specifying the acceptance criteria, for review and approval of the TSP, at
least six (6) months before the schedule date for these tests.
(iii) The User shall provide test Equipment that has sufficient capacity and
accuracy to properly perform the tests.
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 (iv) The User shall submit to the TSP the particulars of personnel assigned
for the Commissioning Tests and valid calibration certificates of all the test
Equipment for TSP’s review and approval.
(v) The User shall fill-in any form required by the TSP and submit the same to
the TSP for review and acceptance.
(vi) The TSP shall witness the Commissioning Tests, and verify all test results
recorded in the Site test reports.
(vii) The TSP shall request the User to rectify deficiencies, if any, observed
during the Commissioning Tests.
(viii) The User shall mark-up all the “issued for construction” drawings indicating
the modifications done to wiring etc., during the Commissioning Tests.
(ix) One set of marked-up drawings shall be kept at the facility or in the
control room for any trouble shooting until the “as-built” drawings are
prepared and turned over by the User to the TSP.
(x) The TSP shall proceed with the routing of Energization certificate on
completion of the Commissioning Tests. The facility will be ready for
Energization once the Energization certificate is duly signed and issued by
the TSP, subject to the User’s completing of any remaining formalities.

4.9.7 Generating Unit Capability Tests

Test Requirements
4.9.7.1 Tests shall be conducted, in accordance with the agreed procedure and standards, to
confirm the compliance of Generating Units for the following:
(i) capability of Generating Units to operate within their Registered
Generation Planning Parameters;
(ii) capability of the Generating Units to meet the applicable requirements of
the Grid Code;
(iii) capability to deliver the System Service(s) that the Generator has agreed to
provide; and
(iv) Availability of Generating Units in accordance with their capability
Declaration.
4.9.7.2 All tests shall be recorded and witnessed by the authorized representatives of the TSP,
Generator, and/or User.

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 4.9.7.3 The Generator shall demonstrate to the TSP the reliability and accuracy of the test
instruments and Equipment to be used in the test.

4.9.7.4 The TSP may at any time issue instructions requiring tests to be carried out on any
Generating Unit. All tests shall be of sufficient duration and shall be conducted no more
than twice a year except when there are reasonable grounds to justify the necessity for
further tests.

4.9.7.5 If a Generating Unit fails the test, the Generator shall correct the deficiency within an
agreed period to attain the relevant registered parameters for that Generating Unit.

4.9.7.6 Once the Generator achieves the registered parameters of its Generating Unit that
previously had failed the test, it shall immediately notify the TSP. The TSP shall then require
the Generator to conduct a new test in order to verify that the appropriate parameter
has been restored to its Registered value.

4.9.7.7 If a dispute arises relating to the failure of a Generating Unit to pass a given test, the TSP,
the Generator, and/or User shall seek to resolve the dispute among themselves. Failing
to agree, the dispute shall be resolved in accordance with the Regulatory Guidelines for
this purpose.

Tests to be Performed
4.9.7.8 Reactive Power Test shall demonstrate that the Generating Unit meets the registered
Reactive Power capability requirements as specified in Chapter 2: Connection Code. The
Generating Unit shall pass the test if the measured values are within ± five (5) percent of
the Capability as registered with the TSP.

4.9.7.9 Primary Response Test shall demonstrate that the Generating Unit has the capability
to provide Primary Response. The Generating Unit shall pass the test if the measured
response in MW/Hz is within ± five (5) percent of the required level of response within
five (5) seconds.
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 4.9.7.10 Fast Start Capability Test shall demonstrate that the Generating Unit has the capability
to Start-up, Synchronize with the Grid within ten (10) minutes, and be loaded up to
its offered capability. The Generating Unit shall pass the test if it meets the Fast Start
capability requirements.

4.9.7.11 Black Start Test shall demonstrate that the Generating Plant with Black Start capability
can implement a Black Start procedure. To pass the test, the Generating Unit shall start
on its own, Synchronize with the Grid, and carry load without the need for external
Power supply.

4.9.7.12 Declared Data Capability Test shall demonstrate that the Generating Unit can be
Scheduled and Dispatched in accordance with the Declared Data. To pass the test, the
Unit shall satisfy the ability to achieve the Declared Data.

4.9.7.13 Dispatch Accuracy Test shall demonstrate that the Generating Unit meets the relevant
Generation Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters. The Generating Unit shall pass the test
if:
(i) in the case of Synchronization, the process is achieved within ± five (5)
minutes of the registered Synchronization time;
(ii) in the case of Synchronizing Generation (if registered as a Generation
Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters), the Synchronizing Generation
achieved is within an error level equivalent to ±2.5% of Net Declared
Capability;
(iii) in the case of meeting Ramp Rates, the actual Ramp Rate is within ± ten
(10)% of the registered Ramp Rate;
(iv) in the case of meeting Load Reduction rates, the actual Load Reduction
rate is within ± ten (10)% of the registered Load Reduction rate;
(v) in the case of minimum base load Generating Units, variation of + ten
(10)% will be acceptable; and
(vi) in the case of all other Generation Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters,
values are within ±1.5% of the declared values.

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 4.9.7.14 The TSP may advise the Generators one or more of the following tests also, if considered
necessary by the TSP:
(i) deep voltage transient by short-circuit;
(ii) Generating Unit’s changeover to House Load Operation;
(iii) Generating Unit House Load Operation for one hour;
(iv) step response of Generating Unit voltage;
(v) Power System Stabilizer (PSS); and
(vi) overload Capacity.

4.9.7.15 System Service Acceptability Test shall determine the committed services in terms of
parameter quantity or volume, timeliness, and other operational requirements.
Generators providing System Services shall conduct the test or define the committed
service. However, monitoring by the TSP of System Service performance in response to
System-derived inputs shall also be carried out.

4.10 Cross-boundary Safety Assurance

4.10.1 Introduction
4.10.1.1 At times, the TSP and the Users may need to work on, or in close proximity to, each
other’s Systems. It will be, consequently, imperative that the TSP and Users operate
strictly in accordance with approved Safety Rules and procedures to ensure Safety of
life, network, and Equipment for such situations.

4.10.1.2 This section, therefore, specifies the rules and procedures to be used by the TSP and
Users for coordinating, establishing, and maintaining of necessary Safety Precautions
when work is to be carried out on, or in close proximity of, the Transmission System and/
or the User System.

4.10.1.3 For the purpose of assurance of Safety relating to (E)HV System and Apparatus the term
“Safety Precautions” means Isolation and/or Grounding.

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 4.10.2 Objective
The objective is to establish rules and procedures for Safety Assurance for the TSP
and Users to operate in accordance with approved Safety Rules, to ensure safe working
conditions for the personnel working on, or in close proximity to, the Transmission
System Plant and/or Apparatus or those who may have to work at or use the Equipment
at the Connection Point.

4.10.3 The Safety Rules

4.10.3.1 Safety procedures for personnel working on or in close proximity to the Transmission
System Plant and/or Apparatus shall be governed by the TSP Safety Rules (or any future
revision(s) of these rules), as detailed in the TSP Safety Manual.

4.10.3.2 In the event of a conflict between the provisions of this Code and the provisions of the
TSP Safety Rules, the provisions of the TSP Safety Rules shall take precedence.

4.10.4 Safety at the Connection Point

4.10.4.1 A Site Responsibility Schedule referred to in Chapter 2: Connection Code for each User
Site shall be developed by the TSP in consultation with the User. The Site Responsibility
Schedule shall detail the demarcation of responsibility for Safety of persons carrying out
work or testing at the User’s Connection Site and on the circuits which cross the User’s
Site.

4.10.4.2 Operating instructions for each User Connection Site shall be issued by the TSP. These
will include, but will not be limited, to the following:
(i) detailed switching sequences (which meet as a minimum, the
requirements of the TSP Safety Rules) to be followed for voluntary, Fault,
and emergency switching;
(ii) control and operational procedures;
(iii) identification of operational boundaries;
(iv) clearance and Isolation boundaries; and
(v) identity of the representatives of the TSP and the User who will attend
the Transmission System and/or User system for operation, and also during
emergencies.
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 4.10.4.3 Each User will cooperate with the TSP in developing procedures and agreement on any
matters that may be relevant for ensuring overall Site Safety and, in particular, the Safety
of the Connection Point Equipment.

4.10.4.4 For situations requiring either modification or a change in operational practices with
potential operational impact on a User Site, the TSP and the User shall review the
adequacy of overall Site Safety.

4.10.4.5 Isolation, as further detailed in the TSP’s Safety Manual, shall be provided at the
Connection Point to allow work to be carried out safely at the Connection Point or on
either side of the Connection Point by the TSP and each User.

4.10.4.6 Where necessary, Grounding and short-circuit facilities, as further detailed in the TSP’s
Safety Manual, shall be applied to Plant and/or Equipment at either side of the Connection
Point to allow work to be carried out safely at the Connection Point or either side of the
Connection Point.

4.10.4.7 User shall be aware of clearance limits and shall perform work only within the approved
clearance limits on the User side of the Connection Point. Any work at the boundary
of the Connection Point shall not be performed without the supervision of a TSP
representative.

4.10.5 Logs of Cross-Boundary Safety Precautions

The TSP and the Users shall maintain proper Logs (in chronological sequence) to record
all messages relating to Safety. These Logs shall be retained for at least three (3) years.

4.10.6 Forms for Cross-Boundary Safety Precautions

The TSP shall develop appropriate forms to record Cross-boundary Safety Precautions
to be used by the Requesting Party and the Implementing Party of Safety on (E)HV
Equipment. These shall contain the following information at a minimum:
(i) Site and Equipment Identification of (E)HV Equipment where Safety
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 (ii) location and means of implementing the Safety Precaution;
(iii) confirmation that the Safety Precaution has been established; and
(iv) confirmation that the Safety Precaution is no longer needed and has been
cancelled.

4.10.7 Approval of Local Safety Instructions

4.10.7.1 For each Connection Site, the User shall supply to the TSP a copy of its Safety Rules
relating to its side of the Connection Point.

4.10.7.2 The TSP will supply to each User a copy of its own Safety Rules relating to the TSP side of
the Connection Point at each Connection Site.

4.10.7.3 Prior to Connection, each party must agree to the other’s Safety Rules in relation to
Isolation and Grounding.

4.10.7.4 If the User’s Safety Rules are more stringent relating to Isolation and/or Grounding than
those of the TSP, then the User Safety Rules shall apply. Otherwise, the TSP Safety Rules
shall apply.

4.10.7.5 If, after agreement, a party wishes to incorporate a change in its Safety Rules relating
to Isolation and/or Grounding, it shall inform the other party. If the change is to make
the provisions more stringent, then the other party merely will note the changes. If the
change is to make the provisions less stringent, then the other party will need to approve
the new provisions and the procedures referred to above shall apply.

4.10.8 Safety Representatives

4.10.8.1 Each User shall nominate staff to be designated as User Safety Representative(s) to
be available to Isolate and Ground, to a time scale agreed in the applicable Connection
Agreement, to meet the needs for repairs that would affect other Users. User Safety
Representative will be responsible for coordinating on Safety with the TSP pursuant to
the provisions of this section.
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 4.10.8.2 Each User shall, prior to being connected to the Transmission System, shall designate to
the TSP its Safety Representative(s) and will update the TSP in writing whenever there is
a change to the identity of its Safety Representative(s).

4.10.8.3 The TSP will, at the time of a User being connected to the Transmission System, inform
in writing to that User of the TSP’s own Safety Representative(s) (which in most cases
will be the TSP Control Engineer) responsible for coordinating with the User Safety
Representative(s) on Safety issues.

4.10.9 Coordination on Safety Matters

4.10.9.1 To carry out work on a System which requires Safety Precautions on (E)HV Apparatus,
the Representative who is identified on the relevant Site Responsibility Schedule as
responsible for the (E)HV Apparatus on which Safety from the System is to be achieved
(the “Requesting Party”) shall contact the Representative who is identified on that same
Site Responsibility Schedule as responsible for the (E)HV Apparatus which is connected
at the Connection Point to the (E)HV Apparatus on which Safety from the System is
required (the “Implementing Party”), to coordinate the Safety Precautions.

4.10.9.2 Agreement on Safety Precautions

(i) When the TSP or a User wishes to carry out work on the System, the
Requesting Party will contact the Implementing Party in order to agree
the location at which the Safety Precautions will be implemented or
applied. The Requesting Party shall specify the proposed location(s) at
which Isolation and/or Grounding are to be established.
(ii) When the Implementing Party is of the opinion that Safety Precautions are
required on the Requesting Party’s System, the Implementing Party shall
inform the Requesting Party.
(iii) When the TSP wishes to carry out work on the Transmission System, and
it is of the opinion that for this to be done safely, Safety Precautions are
required on the System of more than one User, the provisions of this
subsection shall be followed with regard to each User separately.

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 4.10.9.3 Agreement on Isolation
(i) The Requesting Party shall inform the Implementing Party of the (E)HV
Apparatus on which Safety from the System is to be achieved and they will
need to agree on the location(s) at which Isolation is to be established.
(ii) The Implementing Party shall then inform the Requesting Party of the
following:
(a) for each location, the identity (by means of (E)HV Apparatus name,
nomenclature, and numbering or position) of each point of Isolation;
(b) whether Isolation is to be achieved by an Isolating Device in the isolating
position or by physical separation; and
(c) where an Isolating device is to be used, the isolating position will be
maintained and/or secured by such a method which must be in
accordance with the Local Safety Instructions of the TSP or that User.

4.10.9.4 Agreement on Grounding

(i) If the Requesting Party requires Grounding, it shall inform the
Implementing Party of the (E)HV Apparatus on which Safety from the
System is to be achieved and Grounding is to be provided. Both the parties
will need to reach agreement on the location(s) at which Grounding is to
be established.
(ii) The Implementing Party shall then inform the Requesting Party of the
following:
(a) for each location, the identity (by means of (E)HV Apparatus name,
nomenclature, and numbering or position) of each point of Grounding;
and
(b) in respect of the Grounding Device to be used that it will be maintained
and/or secured in position by such a method which is in accordance with
the Safety Rules of the TSP or that of the User;
(c) the User’s Grounding devices must be of proper size for the purpose and
maintained in good working order; and
(d) implementing the Safety Ground will be the responsibility of the
clearance holding party.

4.10.9.5 In the Event of Disagreement

If the Requesting Party and the Implementing Party are unable to agree on the location
of the Isolation and (if requested) Grounding, it shall be at the closest available points on
142 the infeeds to the (E)HV Apparatus on which Safety from the System is to be achieved as
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 4.10.9.6 Implementation of Isolation and Grounding
Once the Location of Isolation and (if requested) Grounding has been agreed in
accordance with the above provisions, the following procedure (as further detailed in
the TSP’s Safety Manual) shall be followed:
(i) the Implementing Party will ensure the implementation of Isolation;
(ii) the Implementing Party will confirm to the Requesting Party that the
Isolation has been established on its System and that Isolation has been
established on the System of any other User;
(iii) when the Implementing Party has confirmed the establishment of
Isolation in accordance with (ii) above, the Requesting Party shall confirm to
the Implementing Party the establishment of relevant Isolation on its
System and request, if it has been required, the implementation of Grounding;
(iv) the Implementing Party will ensure the implementation of the Grounding; and
(v) the Implementing Party will confirm to the Requesting Party that the
Grounding has been established on its System and that Grounding has
been established on the System of any other User (if that is the case).

4.10.9.7 Authorization of Testing affecting other Safety Representative’s System

(i) If the Requesting Party wishes to authorize a test on the (E)HV Equipment,
it shall only do so after implementing the following procedures:
(a) confirmation is obtained from the Implementing Party that no
person is working on, or testing, or has been authorized to work
on, or test, any part of its System within the points of
Isolation identified on the form;
(b) all Safety Precautions other than the current Safety Precaution have
been cancelled in accordance with the procedures set out in this
section; and
(c) the Implementing Party must agree with the Requesting Party on
the conduct of the testing on that part of the System.
(ii) The Requesting Party will inform the Implementing Party by notice as soon
as the test has been completed or cancelled.

4.10.9.8 Cancellation of Safety Precautions

When a Safety Precaution becomes unnecessary for any reason, the relevant Party shall
inform the other Party without delay that the Safety Precaution is no longer required.
Both parties shall then cancel the Safety Precaution.
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 CHAPTER 5
SCHEDULING AND DISPATCH CODE

5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 This chapter specifies the responsibilities and obligations of the TSP and Users with
respect to Scheduling and Dispatch of Generating Units and other Demand resources. It
sets out the procedure for supplying of timely and accurate information by the Users to
the TSP, the TSP’s preparing and issuing of Generation Schedules, and issuing of Dispatch
Instructions.

5.1.2 This chapter is divided into two sections: Generation Scheduling and Generation
Dispatch. Section 5.3, Generation Scheduling, deals with submitting of Availability
Notices and relevant information by Generators and any modification to them
subsequently, if required. The section also describes the procedure to be followed by
the TSP for preparing and issuing of Generation Schedule to specify which Generating
Units may be required for Dispatch. This section also details the Special Actions that
the TSP may require from users to match supply with Demand and ensure the requisite
Stability and Reliability on the Grid. Section 5.4, Generation Dispatch, deals with Dispatch
of Generating Units and executing of other Special Actions to minimize cost of Supply
procurement while ensuring the availability of adequate level of Operating Margin and
other System Services.

5.2 Objective
The objective of this chapter is to enable the TSP to Schedule and Dispatch adequate
Generation resources to meet electricity Demand at all times at minimum cost while
ensuring the integrity of the System, as well as the requisite levels of supply Quality and
Reliability.

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 5.3 Generation Scheduling
5.3.1 Scheduling Process
5.3.1.1 The TSP will carry out Scheduling daily to develop a Generation Schedule for the next
following Schedule Day. This process will be phased and iterative to allow appropriate
interactions of the TSP with Generators and other Users to match Demand with supply
on an instant-by-instant basis with the requisite levels of supply Quality and Reliability.
The process of Generation Scheduling is shown in Figure 5.1 on page 131.

5.3.1.2 The Schedule Day will begin at 00:00 hours on the Schedule Day, and will last for 24
hours until 00:00 hours on the next day.

5.3.1.3 Grid Users must submit sufficient data as detailed in this chapter to allow the TSP to
prepare a Generation Schedule. Since the TSP is required to match Generation, transfers,
and Demand on an instant-by-instant basis, some additional information may be
required by the TSP to accomplish this objective. Details of any reasonable additional
information requirements will be notified by the TSP to the relevant Users, as the need
arises.

5.3.1.4 Data submissions to the TSP shall normally be made electronically in accordance with
the provisions of Chapter 6: Data and Information Exchange Code as well as of any
agreement between the TSP and the User. In the event of failure of the electronic systems
for submitting of data to the TSP, data submissions may be made by fax.

5.3.1.5 If, any changes occur after a User has supplied information to the TSP pursuant to (5.3.2,
5.3.3, and 5.3.4) below, then the User shall inform the TSP, without delay, of such changes.

5.3.1.6 Based on the Declarations and information supplied (and revised afterwards as the case
may be) by the Users, the TSP will develop a Generation Schedule for the next following
Schedule Day and inform the relevant Users accordingly.

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 5.3.2 Generator Declarations
5.3.2.1 Generators, proposing to be included in the Generation Schedule, shall submit to the
TSP by 10:00 hours daily an Availability Notice in respect of each of their Generating
Units, on a hourly basis, for the next following Schedule Day.

5.3.2.2 Such Declaration will replace any previous Declaration by a Generator.

5.3.2.3 Each Generator shall submit to the TSP any revisions to the Scheduling and Dispatch
Parameters that it had submitted under a previous Declaration.

5.3.2.4 The Declaration by Generators shall be in accordance with (5.3.5).

5.3.3 Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters

5.3.3.1 Each Generator shall submit to the TSP, Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters relating to
each of its Generating Units proposed to be included in the Generation Schedule as per
the detail provided in Appendix A5.1.

5.3.3.2 Generators shall, in respect of each Generating Unit which the Generator shall have
declared available, also submit to the TSP the following:
(i) details of any special factors which may have a Material Effect on the likely
output of such Generating Unit;
(ii) any temporary changes, and their possible duration, to the Scheduling
and Dispatch Parameters of such Generating Unit;
(iii) any temporary changes, and their possible duration, to the availability of
System Services from the Generating Unit, if applicable; and
(iv) details of any Generating Unit Commissioning or re-Commissioning
programs.

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 5.3.4 Generator Nominations
Each Generator shall nominate its expected supply to the TSP for the next following
Schedule Day by 10:00 hours on the day ahead of the Schedule Day. The information that
the Generator shall supply as part of the Nomination shall be detailed in the Commercial/
Market Code (to be developed by the TSP).

5.3.5 Communication of Declarations and Nominations

5.3.5.1 Generators shall submit their Declarations/Nominations for a Schedule Day by means of
an electronic interface in accordance with the requirements of the TSP data system,
which the Generators shall install in each Generating Station or other Control Center as
agreed between the TSP and the Generators.

5.3.5.2 In the event of failure or unavailability of the electronic interface, Declarations/

Nominations for a Schedule Day shall be made by using facsimile or any other acceptable
means as stated in (1.12.3) of Chapter 1: General Conditions.

5.3.6 The Generation Schedule

5.3.6.1 Each day by 15:00 hours, the TSP shall develop, by means of an appropriate Scheduling
program or process, a Generation Schedule for the next following Schedule Day that will
utilize the last valid set of Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters for the Generating Unit
as applicable.

5.3.6.2 The Generation Schedule shall be prepared by the TSP to Schedule such Generating
Units for which the TSP had received Availability Notice to achieve the following:
(i) minimize the cost of procuring the required Electricity in accordance with
the relevant Power Purchase Agreements to match the Forecast Demand;
(ii) match at all times (to the extent possible) the Forecast Demand with an
appropriate Operating Margin;
(iii) match minimum electricity Demand levels together with a sufficient
Minimum Demand Regulation; and
(iv) maintain Frequency Control.

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 5.3.6.3 The TSP will give priority in dispatch for cogeneration plants taking ‎into consideration
the conditions under clause 5.3.6.2.

5.3.6.4 Factors to be taken into account

In preparing the Generation Schedule, the TSP will consider the following factors:
(i) Forecast Demand and its geographical distribution;
(ii) Declared MW capabilities of Generators;
(iii) System Services capabilities of Generators;
(iv) Operating Characteristics of Generators;
(v) System Constraints;
(vi) Generation costs of each Generating Unit;
(vii) Generating Unit Outages;
(viii) Voltage Control requirements;
(ix) System Stability factors;
(x) Operating Margin requirements;
(xi) System losses;
(xii) System Frequency Control requirements;
(xiii) any testing to be carried out;
(xiv) operation of Generating Unit to provide a sufficient Minimum Demand
Regulation; and
(xv) any other factors as may be reasonably considered by the TSP to be of
relevance to the Generation Schedule.

5.3.6.5 The Generation Schedule issued to each Generator by the TSP shall contain the
information relating to the Generating Units of that Generator only.

5.3.6.6 The Generation Schedule will be only indicative, and will be intended to provide a
guide to the expected output requirements from Generators and will not be construed
as Dispatch Instructions or orders by itself.

5.3.6.7 The information contained in the Generation Schedule will indicate on an individual
Generating Unit basis the period for which it is Scheduled during the following Schedule
Day.

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 5.3.6.8 Revision to Scheduling and Dispatch Data
At any time between 10:00 hours each day and the expiry of the next following Schedule
Day, a Generator may submit to the TSP any revisions to the submitted data:
(i) If the revised Generation Data is received by the TSP before 15:00 hours
on the day prior to the relevant Schedule Day, the TSP shall, if possible,
take into account the revised Availability Notice in preparing the
Generation Schedule.
(ii) If the revised Generation Data is received by the TSP at or after 15:00 hours
but before the end of the next following Schedule Day, the TSP shall, if
it re-Schedules the Generating Units, take into account the revised
Availability Notice in that re-Scheduling.

5.3.6.9 Procedure to be followed in the absence of a Nomination

If a Nomination is not received, in total or in part, by the TSP in accordance with (5.3.4
and 5.3.5), then the TSP will make reasonable efforts to establish contact with the
Generator in question to check whether a complete Nomination for a Schedule Day
was sent and not received by the TSP. If this is the case, the Nomination for a Schedule
Day shall be resubmitted by the Generator without delay in accordance with the
provisions of this Section. If no Nomination (or, as the case may be, the data necessary
to complete the Nomination for a Schedule Day) is received by 12:00 hours, then the
TSP will use the information provided in the Nomination for the previous Schedule Day
to the extent necessary to provide the TSP with a complete Nomination. The TSP may
impose appropriate sanctions or penalties (or both), as approved by the Regulator,
on a Generator which repeatedly fails to submit a Nomination or does not submit the
Nomination in time.

5.3.6.10 Adjustments to the Generation Schedule

After the completion of the Scheduling Process, but before the issue of the Generation
Schedule, the TSP may consider it necessary to make adjustments to the output of the
Scheduling process. Such adjustments may be made necessary by the following factors:
(i) changes to Availability and/or Operating Characteristics of Generating
Units notified to the TSP after the commencement of the Scheduling
process;
(ii) changes to TSP Demand Forecast;
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 (iii) changes to Transmission constraints emerging from the iterative process
of Scheduling and System Security assessment, including:
(a) changes to the numerical values prescribed to existing constraint
groups;
(b) identification of new constraint groups;
(c) changes to Generating Unit requirements within constraint groups,
following reappraisal of Demand Forecast within that constraint
group;
(d) changes to any conditions that would impose increased risk to the
System and would therefore require the TSP to increase Operating
Margin levels. Examples may be:
(1) unpredicted Equipment Outages which place more than
the equivalent of one large Generating Unit at risk to a Fault;
(2) unpredicted outage of Generating Plant or Equipment
which imposes increased risk to the Generating Station
output;
(3) volatile weather situation giving rise to low confidence in
the Transmission Demand Forecasts;
(4) severe (unpredicted) weather conditions imposing high risk
to the System; and
(5) adjustments necessary to make the output of the
Scheduling process to reflect the allocation of Operating
Margin.

5.3.6.11 The TSP will re-optimize the Schedules when, in its reasonable judgment, a need
arises. As it may be the case that no notice will be given prior to this re-optimization, it is
important that Generators always keep the TSP informed of any changes of Availability
and Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters relating to their facilities immediately as they
occur.

5.3.6.12 Indicative Generating Unit Synchronizing and De-synchronizing times and Start-up and
Shut-down times derived from the output of the Scheduling program or process used
by the TSP in re-optimization of Schedules will be provided to each Generator in respect
of its Generating Units.
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 5.3.6.13 Special Actions
(i) The Generation Schedule may be followed by a list of Special Actions
(either pre-Fault or post-Fault) that the TSP may request a Generator to
take in respect of a procedure to be followed by a Generating Unit in order
to maintain the integrity of the Transmission System in accordance with
the TSP operational policies.
(ii) For a Generator, such Actions may involve a load change or a change of
required Notice to Synchronize, in a specific timescale on individual or
groups of Generating Units basis.
(iii) For Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers, these Special
Actions may involve load transfers between the TSP Connection Points or
arrangements for Demand Control by manual or automatic means.
(iv) These Special Actions will be discussed and agreed with the concerned
Generators, Distribution Entities, or Directly-connected Customers. The
actual implementation of these Special Actions will be part of the Dispatch
procedure.

5.3.7 Issuance of Generation Schedule

5.3.7.1 The TSP will issue the Generation Schedule by 15:00 hours each day for the next following
Schedule Day, providing that it gets all the necessary information by 10:00 hours.
However, if during the period in which the Generation Schedule is being prepared,
Incidents on the System (for example, loss of Generation in a critical part of the System)
occur which require a substantial amendment to the data being used in preparing the
Generation Schedule, the TSP may extend the timescale for issuing of the Generation
Schedule to the extent necessary as a result of such Incidents.

5.3.7.2 The TSP may inform Generating Units before the issue of the Generation Schedule for
the Schedule Day to which the Instruction relates, if the length of Notice to Synchronize
requires the Instruction to be given at that time. When the length of the time required
for Notice to Synchronize is within thirty (30) minutes of causing the Generating Unit to
be unable to meet the indicative Synchronizing time in the Generation Schedule or a
subsequent Dispatch Instruction, the Generator must inform the TSP without delay.

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 5.3.8 Negative Minimum Demand Regulation (NMDR)
5.3.8.1 Synchronized Generating Units must at all times be capable of reducing output sufficient
to offset the loss of the largest secured Demand on the System and must be capable of
sustaining this response. The TSP will monitor the output data of the Generation Schedule
against Forecast Demand to see whether the level of NMDR is sufficient. Where the level
of NMDR for any period is insufficient, the TSP may contact all Generators in relation to
their relevant Generating Unit/Station in the case of low NMDR and will discuss whether:
(i) any change is possible to Generating Unit inflexibility; and/or
(ii) any change is possible in declared Availability of a Generating Unit which
has been notified to the TSP.

5.3.8.2 In the event that the TSP is unable to differentiate between Generating Unit Costs, the
TSP will instruct a Generator to Shutdown a specified Generating Unit based upon the
following factors:
(i) effect on Power flows (resulting in the minimization of Transmission
System losses);
(ii) reserve capability;
(iii) Reactive Power worth; and
(iv) in the case of localized NMDR, the effectiveness of output reduction in the
management of the System constraints.

5.3.9 Inadequate Operating Margin

5.3.9.1 In the period following 10:00 hours each day and in relation to the following Schedule
Day, the TSP will monitor the output data of the Generation Schedule against Forecast
Demand and the Operating Margin to see whether the anticipated level of the Operating
Margin for any period is insufficient.

5.3.9.2 Where this level for any period is anticipated to be insufficient, the TSP will send a
Notification of Inadequate Operating Margin (NIOM) to each Generator and Distribution
Entity. The NIOM will indicate the insufficiency and the period for which the insufficiency
is anticipated.

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 5.3.9.3 The monitoring will be regular and revised NIOMs may be sent out from time to time.
These will reflect any changes in declared Availability which have been notified to the
TSP, and will reflect any Demand Control which has also been so notified. They will also
reflect generally any changes in the Forecast Demand and the relevant Operating Margin.

5.4 Generation Dispatch

5.4.1 General Provisions
5.4.1.1 Based on the Generation Schedule prepared and issued in accordance with the provisions
of the previous section, the TSP will issue Dispatch Instructions to Generators and other
Users. The Dispatch process is shown in Figure 5.2 on page 132.

5.4.1.2 Dispatch Instructions relating to the Schedule Day will normally be issued at any time
during the period beginning immediately after the issue of the Generation Schedule in
respect of that Schedule Day.

5.4.1.3 A Dispatch Instruction may be subsequently cancelled or varied.

5.4.2 Dispatch Instructions to Generators

5.4.2.1 Dispatch Instructions will always be issued to Generators at the Control Center for their
Generating Station.

5.4.2.2 Dispatch Instruction given by the TSP to a Generator for a specific Generating Unit may
involve a change in the Active Power output, a change in the Reactive Power output,
Synchronizing and De-synchronizing time (if appropriate), a change to the mode of
operation, or to provide one or more of the contracted System Services.

5.4.2.3 As Demand and Availability varies during real-time operation, the TSP will adjust
Generating Unit MW output by using an economic loading order based on the Scheduling
and Dispatch Parameters provided by Generators as part of their Nominations.

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 5.4.2.4 Dispatch Instruction will always be in accordance with Scheduling and Dispatch
Parameters but shall take account of any temporary changes to these Parameters notified
to the TSP under (5.3.6.8). A Dispatch Instruction given by the TSP to a Generator may
be given orally, by phone, or in writing in accordance with the procedures detailed in
Chapter 4: Operating Code.

5.4.2.5 A Dispatch Instruction must be formally acknowledged immediately by the Generator

in respect of that Generating Unit by telephone, or a reason given immediately for non-
acceptance. The reason for non-acceptance may only be on Safety grounds (relating to
personnel or Plant) or because the Dispatch Instruction is not valid as detailed in the
following clause.

5.4.2.6 For a Dispatch Instruction to be valid, it must observe the limits of Availability, System
Service capability and Operational Characteristics as properly Declared to the TSP in
accordance with the provisions in a Declaration relevant to the time and period to which
the Dispatch Instruction relates, subject to provisions of System Emergency Condition
(5.4.7).

5.4.2.7 Additional factors which the TSP will, however, also take into account for issuing
Dispatch Instructions are the effect of those Generators which have not complied with
the TSP instructions or agreed Special Actions (including Demand Control) pursuant to
(5.3.6.13) and variation between forecast and actual Demand as these will have an effect
on Dispatch.

5.4.2.8 Where a Generator has two or more identical Generating Units at the same Site, the
Generator may notify the TSP as to the preferred Unit to be Dispatched. The TSP shall
however, select the Unit to be Dispatched, taking into account its obligations in operating
the Transmission System.

5.4.2.9 In the event that in carrying out the Dispatch Instruction, an unforeseen problem arises,
caused on Safety grounds (relating to personnel or, Plant), the Generator will notify the
TSP by telephone without delay.

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 5.4.3 Generation Synchronizing and Desynchronizing Times
5.4.3.1 Except in an emergency or by prior agreement, a Generating Unit/Station shall request
permission of the TSP to Synchronize or De-synchronize. A Dispatch Instruction shall be
issued to carry out the action.

5.4.3.2 The TSP will determine the required Synchronizing and De-Synchronizing times for the
Generating Units in accordance with the times Declared in their Operating Characteristics,
and will issue Dispatch Instructions to Generators accordingly.

5.4.3.3 If a Dispatch Instruction to a specific Generating Unit does not also contain a MW Output
to be achieved then it shall be assumed that the Dispatch Instructions is to increase the
output (following Synchronization) up to the level of Minimum Generation.

5.4.3.4 The issue of Dispatch Instructions for Active Power at the Connection Point will be made
with due regard to any resulting change in Reactive Power capability and may include
instruction for reduction in Active Power Generation to enable an increase in Reactive
Power capability;

5.4.3.5 Where the TSP issues a Synchronizing time to a Generator for a specific Generating Unit
and the Generator finds out that the Generating Unit will not be able to Synchronize
within ± ten (10) minutes of the instructed time, the Generator will immediately inform
the TSP of the situation and provide a new estimate of the Synchronizing time.

5.4.4 Dispatch of Active Power

5.4.4.1 Based on the Generation Schedule, on System conditions, and on other factors as may
arise from time to time, the TSP may issue Dispatch Instructions to a Generator in relation
to a specific Generating Unit, which has been Instructed to be Synchronized under (5.4.3),
to adjust its Active Power output at a target frequency.

5.4.4.2 On receiving and accepting a Dispatch Instruction to change the level of Active Power,
the Generating Unit must without undue delay adjust the level of output of the Unit to
achieve the new target within that Generating Unit’s Declared Operating Characteristics.

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 5.4.4.3 A Unit shall be deemed to have complied with a Dispatch Instruction when it achieves an
output within the allowable tolerance (as per the applicable agreement) of the
Dispatched Output and within the time calculated for the change from its Declared
Operating Characteristics.

5.4.4.4 The adjustment of Active Power output of a Unit operating in a Frequency Sensitive
Mode for System frequency other than an average of 60Hz, shall be made in accordance
with the current Declared value of Governor Droop for the Unit.

5.4.5 Dispatch of Reactive Power

5.4.5.1 To ensure that a satisfactory System voltage profile is maintained and that sufficient
Reactive Power reserves are maintained, the TSP may issue Dispatch Instructions in
relation to Reactive Power.

5.4.5.2 Mvar output: Where a Generating Unit is instructed to a specific output, the Generator
must achieve that output within a tolerance of ± two (2)% or ± one (1) Mvar (or such
other figure as may be agreed with the TSP) by:
(i) on load tap changing on the Generating Unit step-up transformer; or
(ii) adjusting the Generating Unit Excitation System.

5.4.5.3 Once this has been achieved, the Generator will not tap change or adjust the Excitation
System without prior consultation with and agreement of the TSP, on the basis that Mvar
output will be allowed to vary with System conditions.

5.4.5.4 Target voltage levels: Where a Generating Unit is instructed to a specific target voltage,
the Generators must achieve that target within a tolerance of ± one (1) kV (or such other
figure as may be agreed with the TSP) by either:
(i) on load tap changing on the Generating Unit step-up transformer; or
(ii) adjusting the Generating Unit Excitation System.

5.4.5.5 Under normal operating conditions, once this target voltage level has been achieved,
the Generators will not tap or adjust terminal voltage again before consulting with and
seeking agreement of the TSP.
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 5.4.5.6 Maximum Mvar production (“maximum Excitation”): Under certain conditions, such as
low System voltage, an instruction to maximum Mvar output at instructed MW output
(“maximum Excitation”) may be given, and a Generator should take appropriate actions
to maximize Mvar output.

5.4.5.7 Maximum Mvar absorption (“minimum Excitation”): Under certain conditions, such
as high System voltage, an instruction to maximum Mvar absorption at instructed MW
output (“minimum Excitation”) may be given, and a Generator should take appropriate
actions to maximize Mvar absorption.

5.4.5.8 The Excitation System, unless otherwise agreed with the TSP, must be operated only
in its constant terminal voltage mode of operation with var limiters in service, with
any constant Reactive Power output control mode or constant Power Factor output
control mode always disabled, unless expressly agreed otherwise with the TSP. In the
event of any change in System voltage, Generators must not take any action to override
automatic Mvar response which is produced as a result of constant terminal voltage
mode of operation unless instructed otherwise by the TSP or unless immediate action is
necessary to comply with Stability limits.

5.4.5.9 A Dispatch Instruction relating to Reactive Power will be implemented without delay and
will be achieved not later than two (2) minutes after the instructed time, or such longer
period as the TSP may instruct.

5.4.5.10 On receiving a new Active Power Dispatch Instruction, no tap changing or Generator
terminal voltage adjustment shall be carried out to change the Mvar unless there is a
new Dispatch Instruction.

5.4.5.11 Where an instruction to Synchronize is given, or where a Generating Unit is Synchronized

and a MW Dispatch Instruction is given, a Mvar Dispatch Instruction consistent with
the Generating Unit’s relevant parameters will also be given. In the absence of a Mvar
Dispatch Instruction with an instruction to Synchronize, the Mvar output should be zero
(0) Mvar.

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 5.4.5.12 Where a Dispatch Instruction to De-synchronize is given, a Mvar Dispatch Instruction,
compatible with Shutdown, may also be given prior to De-Synchronization being
achieved. In the absence of a separate Mvar Dispatch Instruction, it is implicit in the
Dispatch Instruction to De-Synchronize that Mvar output should at the point of
synchronism be zero (0) Mvar at De-Synchronization.

5.4.6 Additional Dispatch Instructions

In addition to Dispatch Instructions relating to Dispatch of Active Power and Reactive
Power, Dispatch Instruction may also include those relating to the following:
(i) Reserve: Details of the reserve to be carried by each Generating Unit/
Station including specification of the timescale in which that reserve may
be transferable into increased Generating Unit/Station output.
(ii) System Services: An instruction for a User to provide System Services.
(iii) Secondary Control Mode: A requirement for change to or from Secondary
Control Mode for each Generating Unit.
(iv) Tests: An instruction to carry out tests as required under section (4.8) or
(4.9) of Chapter 4: Operating Code.

5.4.7 System Emergency Conditions

5.4.7.1 In order to maintain Transmission System integrity under System Emergency Conditions,
the TSP may issue Dispatch Instructions to Generators to operate outside the limits
implied by the then current Declarations. When issuing such a Dispatch Instruction,
the TSP shall inform the Generator that the Dispatch Instructions is being issued under
System Emergency Conditions.

5.4.7.2 Where the TSP has issued a Dispatch Instructions in accordance with the provisions for
System Emergency Conditions requiring operation of a Generating Unit outside the
limits applied by the then applicable Declarations, then the Generator must comply with
the Dispatch Instructions.

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 5.4.8 Generating Unit/Station Parameter Changes
5.4.8.1 Each Generator at its Generating Unit/Station will without delay notify the TSP by
telephone of any change or loss (temporary or otherwise) to the operational capability
including any changes to the Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters of each Generating
Unit which is Synchronized or has been instructed to Synchronize within the next three
(3) hours.

5.4.8.2 If, for any reason, including a change of Availability or Scheduling and Dispatch
Parameters made by the Generator, the prevailing Dispatch Instruction in respect of
any Generating Unit is no longer within the applicable Availability or Scheduling and
Dispatch Parameters then:
(i) the Generator will use reasonable endeavors to secure that a revised
Dispatch Instruction is issued by the TSP such that the new Dispatch
Instruction is within the now applicable Availability and/or Scheduling and
Dispatch Parameters; and
(ii) if the TSP fails to issue such a new Dispatch Instruction within a reasonable
time then the relevant Generator shall be entitled to change the operation
of such Generating Unit to bring its operation within the applicable
Availability and/or Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters until the TSP
issues a new Dispatch Instruction within the applicable Availability and/or
Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters. Prior to making such a change in
operation, the Generator will use reasonable endeavors to advise the TSP
(by telephone and then confirming it by fax) of its intended action and the
timing of the intended action.

5.4.9 Excitation Control System Mode of Operation

Each Generator shall operate its Generating Units with automatic voltage regulator
(AVR), var limiters, and Power System Stabilizers (PSS), as required under their respective
Connection Agreement, in service at all times unless released from this obligation by the
TSP.

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 5.4.10 Dispatch Instructions for Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers
5.4.10.1 Dispatch Instructions to Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers relating
to the Schedule Day will normally be issued at any time during the period beginning
immediately after the issue of the Generation Schedule as a list of Special Actions in
respect of that Schedule Day.

5.4.10.2 The TSP will issue Dispatch Instructions directly to the Distribution Entity or Directly-
connected Customer at each Control Center in relation to Special Actions and Demand
Control. Dispatch Instructions may include:
(i) a requirement for Demand Reduction and Disconnection or Restoration;
(ii) an instruction for load transfer between Connection Points; and
(iii) an instruction to switch in the load shedding scheme.

5.4.10.3 Dispatch Instructions to a Distribution Entity or Directly-connected Customer will be

given by telephone (and will include an exchange of operator names) and must be
formally accepted by the Distribution Entity or the Directly-connected Customer (as the
case may be) by telephone. The Distribution Entity or the Directly-connected Customer
(as the case may be) must comply without delay with all the Dispatch Instructions
received by it.

5.4.10.4 In the event that in carrying out the Dispatch Instructions, an unforeseen problem arises,
the Distribution Entity or the Directly-connected Customer (as the case may be) will
notify the TSP by telephone without delay.

5.4.10.5 The Dispatch Instruction delivered verbally (by phone) shall be followed by a written
confirmation afterwards.

5.4.11 Nature of Dispatch Instructions

The format of and the terms to be used by the TSP in issuing instructions together with
their meanings will be provided by the TSP to participating Users.

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 161

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 162

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 APPENDIX A5.1: Generating Block/Unit Declaration
A5.1.1 Availability Notice
(i) Generating Availability, (start time and date).
(ii) Generating Unit regime unavailability, (day, start time, end time).
(iii) Generating Unit initial conditions (time required for Notice to Synchronize
and from Start-up to Synchronize).
(iv) Maximum Generation increase in output above declared Availability.
(v) Any changes to Primary Response and Secondary Response
characteristics.

A5.1.2 Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters

(i) Generating Unit inflexibility (inflexibility description, start date and time,
end date and time, MW);
(ii) Generating Unit Synchronizing intervals (hot time interval, off-load time
interval);
(iii) Station Generating Unit De-Synchronizing intervals;
(iv) Generating Unit basic data:
(a) Minimum Generation;
(b) Minimum Shutdown time;
(v) Generating Unit duty-cycle limitation;
(vi) Generating Unit minimum on time;
(vii) Generating Unit Synchronizing MW;
(viii) Generating Unit Synchronizing groups;
(ix) Generating Unit run-up rates with MW breakpoints;
(x) Generating Unit run-down rates with MW breakpoints;
(xi) Generating Unit loading rates covering the range from Minimum
Generation to Net Dependable Power Capacity;
(xii) Generating Unit de-loading rates covering the range from Net Dependable
Power Capacity to Minimum Generation.

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 CHAPTER 6
DATA AND INFORMATION EXCHANGE CODE

6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 The proper and timely exchange of data and information between the TSP and Users
is critical for ensuring non-discriminatory access to the Transmission System and the
safe and reliable provision of Transmission services. This chapter, therefore, sets out the
obligations and responsibilities of the TSP and Users in relation to the supply of data and
information to each other, and also lists the various categories of data and information
to be exchanged between the TSP and the Users.

6.1.2 The data which is specified in different chapters of the Grid Code are collated here in this
chapter. The relevant chapters also specify the procedures and timings for the supply of
the requisite data.

6.1.3 The various chapters of the Grid Code also specify the information that the TSP will
supply to Users. This information is summarized in a single schedule in this chapter.

6.1.4 The data listed in the various chapters of the Grid Code contain only the typical range of
data which may be required by the TSP. The actual data required will be advised by the
TSP at the time of assessment of the User application for new, or modification of an
existing, Connection.

6.1.5 In the event of any inconsistency between any other chapter of the Grid Code and the
Data and Information Exchange Code, the provisions of that chapter of the Grid Code
shall prevail.

6.2 Objective
The objective of this chapter is to formalize the procedure for exchange of data and
information between the TSP and Users and to list the typical range of information and
data that the Users are required to submit to the TSP and the TSP is required to provide
to the User(s) during the course of Grid operation.

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 6.3 Data and Information Categories and Registration
6.3.1 The following types of data and information shall be required to be registered by the
User:
(i) Standard Planning Data: Each User shall provide to the TSP the standard
data of the Equipment connected to the Transmission System for planning
purposes. The detail of the required data is provided in Appendix A3.1 of
Chapter 3: Planning Code.
(ii) Detailed Planning Data: Each User shall provide to the TSP the detailed
data for the Equipment connected to the Transmission System for
planning purposes. The detail of the data is provided in Appendix A3.2 of
Chapter 3: Planning Code.
(iii) Operational Data: Each User shall provide to the TSP the operational
parameters of the Equipment connected to the Transmission System for
the safe and reliable operation of the system. The detail of the required
data is provided in Chapter 4: Operating Code.

6.4 Procedure and Obligations

6.4.1 In accordance with the provisions of the various sections of the Grid Code, each User
shall submit data and information as listed in Schedules 1 to 12 in Appendix A6.1.

6.4.2 The TSP shall be responsible for data and information storage and archiving.

6.4.3 All the data and information systems must be auditable by the Regulator or an
independent agency designated by the Regulator. The systems must provide for clear
and accessible audit trails on all relevant operational transactions. All requests that
require an audit on a system shall be undertaken with reasonable notice to the Users.

6.4.4 The TSP shall keep all paper-based information for a period of at least five (5) years
commencing from the date the information was created.

6.4.5 Participants shall ensure reasonable security against unauthorized access, use, and loss
of information (i.e. have a backup strategy) for the systems that contain the information.

6.4.6 Participants shall store planning information that is kept electronically for at least five (5)
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 6.4.7 The TSP shall archive operational information, in a historical repository sized for five (5)
years’ data. These data shall include the following:
(i) status information, change of state alarms, and Event messages.
(ii) hourly Scheduling and Energy accounting information.
(iii) operator entered data and actions.

6.4.8 An audit trail of all changes made to the archived data shall be maintained. This audit
trail shall identify every change made, and the time and date of the change. The audit
trail shall include both before and after values of all content and structure changes.

6.5 Data and Information Submissions

6.5.1 The data must be submitted to the TSP’s relevant contact as specified in (1.12) and (1.13)
of Chapter 1. The name of the person who is submitting each Schedule of data must be
included.

6.5.2 The data may be submitted via electronic means (if such a data link exists between
the User and the TSP after obtaining prior written consent from the TSP), or through a
computer-readable medium.

6.5.3 The Users must notify the TSP of any changes to data which are already submitted and
registered in accordance with the various provisions of the Grid Code.

6.5.4 If a User fails to supply data when that User is required to provide that to the TSP, the TSP
will estimate such data if and when, in the view of the TSP, it is necessary to do so.

6.5.5 If the TSP fails to supply data to a User, the User to whom that data ought to have been
supplied, will estimate such data if and when, in the view of that User, it is necessary to
do so.

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 6.5.6 Such estimates will, in each case be based upon data supplied previously for the same
Plant or Apparatus or using corresponding data for similar Plant and/or Apparatus or
such other information as the TSP or User, as the case may be, deems appropriate.

6.5.7 The TSP will advise a User in writing of any estimated data it intends to use relating
directly to that User Plant and/or Apparatus in the event of data not supplied.

6.5.8 The User will advise the TSP in writing of any estimated data it intends to use in the event
of data not supplied.

6.5.9 Any risk associated with the use of estimated data will be borne by the party that has
failed to provide the required data.

6.5.10 Wherever practicable, Users, while submitting data, should identify the recognized
national or international standard to which their Plant, Equipment, and/or Apparatus
was designed.

6.6 Data and Information to be Registered

6.6.1 The following Schedules shall be supplied by Users (Generation, Distribution Entities,
and Directly-connected Customers) to the TSP and will cover the required data for each
User:
(i) Schedule 1: Generating Unit Technical Data. This shall comprise Generating
Unit/Station fixed parameters.
(ii) Schedule 2: Generating Unit/Station Outage Data. This shall comprise
Generating Unit/Station Equipment Outage Planning Data.
(iii) Schedule 3: Generation Operation Schedule Data. This shall comprise data
required for the preparation of the Generation Schedule.
(iv) Schedule 4: Generation Operational Planning Data. This shall comprise
Generating Unit/Station parameters required for Operational Planning.
(v) Schedule 5: User System Data. This shall comprise electrical parameters
relating to Plant and Apparatus connected to the Transmission System.

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 (vi) Schedule 6: Connection Point Data. This shall comprise data related to
Demand and Demand transfer capability.
(vii) Schedule 7: Demand Control Data. This shall comprise data relating to
Demand Control.
(viii) Schedule 8: Scheduling and Dispatch Data. This shall comprise parameters
required for Scheduling and Dispatch of Generating Unit/Station.
(ix) Schedule 9: Load Characteristics Data. This shall comprise estimated
parameters of loads in respect of Harmonic content, sensitivity, etc.
(x) Schedule 10: Fault Infeed Data. This shall comprise data related to short
circuit infeed of User Equipment to the Transmission System.
(xi) Schedule 11: User Demand Profiles and Active Energy Data. This shall
comprise data related to Demand profiles.

6.6.2 The following Schedule shall be made available by the TSP to Users:
(i) Schedule 12: Data Supplied by the TSP to all Users. This shall comprise data
supplied by the TSP to Users.

6.6.3 Forms for submitting various schedules are provided in Appendix A6.1 to this section.
Applicability of these schedules to each category of Users is indicated in the following
table:

Table5. Applicability of Schedules to each Category of Users

Schedule Number
Users
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Generators
Distribution Entities
Directly-connected
Customers

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 APPENDIX A6.1:
SCHEDULE FORMS
Schedule 1: Generating Unit Technical Data

Company Name: Equipment/Station Location:

Contact Name and Address:
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:
Data
Data Description Unit Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Category
Maximum Capacity MW
that the Generator DPD
can provide Mvar

Capacity at the time MW

DPD
of TSP peak Demand Mvar
Capacity at the time MW
of TSP minimum DPD
Demand Mvar
Capacity supplied MW
through Unit
DPD
transformer at rated Mvar
output

Data Generating Unit/Station

Data Description Unit
Category U1 U2 .... Un Station
Rated Apparent
SPD MVA
Power
Maximum continuous
SPD MW
rating
Nominal voltage
SPD kV
rating
Emergency rating SPD MW

Minimum rating SPD MW

Speed SPD RPM

Type of Generating
Unit and expected SPD Text
running mode(s)
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 Data Generating Unit/Station
Data Description Unit
Category U1 U2 .... Un Station
Short-circuit ratio SPD
Direct axis transient
SPD % on MVA
reactance
Detail of Connection
Point(s) like
geographical and SPD Text
electrical location
and System voltage
De-rated Capacity
on a monthly basis, if DPD MVA
applicable
Additional Capacity
obtainable from
Generating Unit DPD MVA
in excess of Net
Declared Capability
Minimum Stable
DPD MVA
Loading
Stator armature
DPD % on MVA
resistance
Turbine and
MW-s/
Generating Unit DPD
MVA
inertia constants
Rated field current at
Rated MW, Mvar, and DPD A
terminal voltage
Capability curve DPD Diagram
Short circuit
and open circuit DPD Diagram
characteristic curves
Impedances

Direct axis DPD % on MVA

synchronous
reactance

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 Data Generating Unit/Station
Data Description Unit
Category U1 U2 .... Un Station
Direct axis transient
DPD % on MVA
reactance
Direct axis sub-
SPD % on MVA
transient reactance
Quadrature axis
synchronous DPD % on MVA
reactance
Quadrature axis
DPD % on MVA
transient reactance
Quadrature axis sub-
DPD % on MVA
transient reactance
Time Constants
DPD s
Direct axis transient
time constant
Direct axis sub-
transient time DPD s
constant
Quadrature axis
transient time DPD s
constant
Quadrature axis
sub-transient time DPD s
constant
Generating Unit
step-up transformer
SPD MVA
Rated Capacity
Rated voltage SPD kV
Cooling stages and
MVA rating at each SPD Text
stage
Rated base
SPD % on MVA
impedance

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 Data Generating Unit/Station
Data Description Unit
Category U1 U2 .... Un Station
No. of windings and
SPD Text
their arrangement
Voltage ratio SPD
On-/Off-
Tap changer type SPD
load
Tap changer location SPD At HV/LV

Tap changer range SPD ±%

Tap changer step size SPD %

Positive sequence
SPD % on MVA
reactance at max. tap
Positive sequence
SPD % on MVA
reactance at min. tap
Positive sequence
SPD % on MVA
reactance at min. tap
Positive sequence
reactance at nominal SPD % on MVA
tap
Positive sequence
resistance at SPD % on MVA
maximum tap
Positive sequence
resistance at SPD % on MVA
minimum tap
Positive sequence
resistance at nominal SPD % on MVA
tap
Grounding
SPD Text
arrangement
Basic lightning
impulse insulation SPD kV
level
Power frequency
withstand voltage, for SPD kV
all (E)HV transformers
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 Data Generating Unit/Station
Data Description Unit
Category U1 U2 .... Un Station
Chopped impulse
withstand voltage, for
SPD kV
all transformers rated
230 kV and above
Switching impulse
withstand voltage, for
SPD kV
all transformers rated
230 kV and above
Excitation System
DPD Text
Type (static or
rotating)
Make and model DPD Text
DC gain of Excitation
DPD
loop
Rating ( peak voltage) DPD V

Rating ( peak current) DPD A

Maximum field
DPD V
voltage
Minimum field
DPD V
voltage
Maximum rate of
change of field DPD V/s
voltage(rising)
Minimum rate of
change of field DPD V/s
voltage(falling)
Dynamic
characteristics of over DPD V
Excitation limiter
Dynamic
characteristics of
DPD V
under Excitation
limiter

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 Data Generating Unit/Station
Data Description Unit
Category U1 U2 .... Un Station
Exciter model (in IEEE
DPD Diagram
or PTI’s PSS/E format)
Power System
Stabilizer (PSS)
DPD Text
Type of input(s)
Gain for each input DPD
Lead time constant(s)
DPD s
for each input
Lag time constant for
DPD s
each input
Stabilizer model (in
IEEE or PTI’s PSS/E DPD Diagram
format)
Special Protection
relays (if any) and
their settings DPD Text
like volt/hertz
Protection, etc.
Speed Governor
System parameters
of reheat steam
Generating Units
DPD
MW/Hz
High pressure
governor average
gain
Speeder motor
DPD Hz
setting range
Speed droop
DPD Diagram
characteristic curve
High pressure
governor valve time DPD s
constant

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 Data Generating Unit/Station
Data Description Unit
Category U1 U2 .... Un Station
High pressure
governor valve DPD
opening limits
High pressure
governor valve rate DPD
limits
Re-heater time
constant (Active
DPD s
Energy stored in re-
heater)
Intermediate
pressure governor DPD MW/Hz
average gain
Intermediate
pressure governor DPD Hz
setting range
Intermediate
pressure governor DPD s
valve time constant
Intermediate
pressure governor DPD
valve opening limits
Intermediate
pressure governor DPD
valve rate limits
Details of
acceleration
sensitive elements
DPD V
in high pressure and
intermediate pressure
governor loop
Governor model (in
IEEE or PTI’s PSS/E DPD Diagram
format)

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 Data Generating Unit/Station
Data Description Unit
Category U1 U2 .... Un Station
Speed Governor
System parameters
of non-reheat steam
or gas turbine
DPD MW/Hz
Generating Unit

Governor average
gain
Speeder motor
DPD Hz
setting range
Speed droop
DPD Diagram
characteristic curve
Time constant
of steam or fuel DPD s
governor valve
Governor valve
DPD
opening limits
Governor valve rate
DPD
limits
Time constant of
DPD s
turbine
Governor model (in
IEEE or PTI’s PSS/E DPD
Diagram
format)
Plant flexibility
performance data
to be submitted for
each Generating
Unit DPD MW/min

Rate of loading
following weekend
Shutdown
Rate of loading
following an DPD MW/min
overnight Shutdown

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 Data Generating Unit/Station
Data Description Unit
Category U1 U2 .... Un Station
Block load following
DPD MW
Synchronizing
Rate of Load
Reduction from DPD MW/min
normal rated
Regulating range DPD MW
Load rejection
capability while still
DPD MW
Synchronized and
able to supply load
Auxiliary Demand
data

Normal station
DPD MW
service (auxiliary)
load supplied by each
Generating Unit at
rated MW output
Auxiliary or Start-up
DPD MW
Power requirements
Sensitivity to
automatic and DPD MW
planned interruptions
Non-Generator
DPD MW
related on-Site loads
Each Generating
Plant auxiliary load
other than above and
where the station DPD MW
auxiliary load is
supplied from the
Grid

Abbreviations: SPD Standard Planning Data

DPD Detailed Planning Data
Ux Generating Unit number x
Cross References: SPD (3.3.3.4 and Appendix A3.1)
DPD (3.3.3.5 and Appendix A3.2)
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 Schedule 2: Generating Unit/Station Outage Data

Company Name: Equipment/Station Location:

Contact Name and Address:
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:
Data Time Update
Data Description Unit
Category Covered Time
Outage Program
Generating Next 5
OD End of March
Unit ID years
Generating Unit concerned
Next 5
Power not available due to Outage OD MW End of March
years
Next 5
Remaining Active Power of the Plant OD MW End of March
years
Next 5
Duration of Outage OD Weeks End of March
years
Next 5
Start date and time or a range of start dates and times OD hours End of March
years
Flexible/ Next 5
Flexible or Inflexible Planned Outage OD End of March
Inflexible years
Flexible Planned Outage Period for which the Outage could Next 5
OD Days End of March
be deferred (not less than 30 days in length) years
Flexible Planned Outage period for which the Outage could Next 5
OD Days End of March
be advanced (not less than 10 days in length) years
TSP issues draft Outage Program OD Text End of June
TSP issues final Outage Program OD Text End of Sept

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 Data Time Update
Data Description Unit
Category Covered Time
Short Term Planned Maintenance Outage
Generating
OD Year 0
Unit ID
Generating Unit concerned
Active Power not available as a result of Outage OD MW Year 0 7 Days before
Schedule Day
Remaining Active Power of the Plant OD MW Year 0
Duration of Outage OD Weeks Year 0
Start date and time or a range of start dates and times OD hours Year 0

Abbreviation: OD Operational Data

Cross Reference: (section 4.3)

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 Schedule 3: Generation Operation Schedule Data

Company Name: Equipment/Station Location:

Contact Name and Address:
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:

Data Generating Unit/Station

Data Description Unit
Category U1 U2 .... Un Station
Programming Phase

Generation Schedule
for operation of
Generating Unit/
Station on an hourly OD MW
basis at Connection
Point for 1 to 8 weeks
ahead of Schedule
Day, by 10:00 hours
each Saturday.
Control Phase

Details of any
differences to
Generation Schedule OD MW
submitted under
Programming Phase
for the unexpired
part of the period
Post Control Phase

Details of hourly MW
Active Power and
Reactive Power OD
output sent out to
the Transmission
Mvar
System by Generating
Unit/Station

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 Data Generating Unit/Station
Data Description Unit
Category U1 U2 .... Un Station

Details of hourly
Active Power and MW
Reactive Power
output sent out to
OD
the Transmission
System by Generating
Unit/Station during Mvar
the subsequent day

Abbreviations: OD Operational Data

Ux Generating Unit number x
Cross Reference: (section 4.3.6)

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 Schedule 4: Generation Operational Planning Data

Company Name: Equipment/Station Location:

Contact Name and Address:
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:

Data Generating Unit/Station

Data Description Unit
Category U1 U2 .... Un Station
Steam Turbine
Generating Units
Minimum Notice to
OD min
Synchronize under

Hot start
Warm start OD min

Cold start OD min

Minimum
time between OD min
Synchronizing
Minimum load
required on OD MW
Synchronizing
Maximum loading
rates from
Synchronizing OD MW/min

Hot start
Warm start OD MW/min

Cold start OD MW/min

Maximum de-loading
OD MW/min
rate
Minimum time
between De-
OD min
synchronizing and
Synchronizing
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 Data Generating Unit/Station
Data Description Unit
Category U1 U2 .... Un Station
Gas Turbine
Generating Units
Minimum notice OD min
required to
Synchronize
Minimum
time between OD min
Synchronizing
Minimum load
required on OD MW
Synchronizing
Maximum loading
rates from
OD MW/min
Synchronizing for
Fast start
Slow start OD MW/min
Maximum de-loading
OD MW/min
rate
Minimum time
between De-synch./ OD min
Synchronizing

Abbreviations: OD, Operational Data;

Ux, Generating Unit number x
Cross Reference: (section 4.3.6)

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 Schedule 5: User System Data

Company Name: Equipment/Station Location:

Contact Name and Address:
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:
Data Description Data Category Unit
Electrical Diagrams and Drawings of the System and the Connection Point,
indicating the quantities, ratings, and operating parameters for

Equipment (Generating Units, Power transformers, and circuit breakers, etc.)

Electrical circuits (overhead lines, underground cables, etc.)
Substation bus arrangements
Grounding arrangements SPD Drawing
Protection Schemes, their description and maintenance plans
Interrupting devices
Phase configuration
Switching facilities
Operating voltages
Site and Equipment identification and labeling
Parameters of the overhead lines and/or underground cables from the User System
Substation to the Connection Point in the Grid
SPD kV
Rated and operating voltage
Positive sequence resistance and reactance SPD % on MVA
Positive sequence shunt susceptance SPD % on MVA
Zero sequence resistance and reactance SPD % on MVA
Zero sequence susceptance SPD % on MVA
Transformers between Transmission System and the User System
SPD MVA
Rated Capacity
Rated voltage SPD kV
Cooling stages and MVA rating at each stage SPD Text
Number of windings and winding arrangement SPD Text
Voltage ratio SPD
Tap changer type (on-load or off-load) SPD On-/Off
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 Data Description Data Category Unit
Tap changer location (at HV or LV winding) SPD HV/LV
Tap changer range SPD ±%
Tap changer step size SPD %
Grounding arrangement SPD Text
Positive sequence reactance at max., min. and normal tap SPD % on MVA
Positive sequence resistance at max., min. and normal tap SPD % on MVA
Basic lightning impulse insulation level SPD kV
Power frequency withstand voltage, required for all (E)HV transformers SPD kV
Chopped impulse withstand voltage, required for all transformers rated 230 kV and
SPD kV
above
Switching impulse withstand voltage, required for all transformers rated 230 kV and
SPD kV
above
Switchgears (i.e. circuit breakers, Disconnectors and isolators) on all circuits directly
connected to the Connection Point including those at Substations of the User
SPD kV
Rated voltage
Rated current SPD A
Rated symmetrical RMS short-circuit current SPD kA
Rated unsymmetrical RMS short-circuit current SPD kA
Rated Interruption time SPD ms
Basic lightning impulse insulation level SPD kV
Interrupting current for all circuit breakers SPD kA
Interrupting time for all circuit breakers SPD s
Symmetrical short- circuit current withstand time, required for all circuit breakers SPD s
Power frequency withstand voltage, required for all circuit breakers SPD kV
Chopped impulse withstand voltage, required for all circuit breakers and Disconnect
SPD kV
Switches rated 230 kV and above
Switching impulse withstand voltage, required for all circuit breakers and Disconnect
SPD kV
Switches rated 230 kV and above

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 Data Description Data Category Unit
Details of User System Grounding
SPD kA
The rated short time withstand current
Zero sequence impedance SPD % on MVA
Short time rating of the Grounding Equipment SPD s
Data on independently-switched Reactive Power compensation Equipment at the
Connection Point and/or at the Substation of the User System.
SPD Mvar
Rated Capacity
Rated voltage SPD kV
Type (e.g., shunt reactor, shunt capacitor, static var compensator) SPD Text
Operation and control details (e.g. fixed or variable, automatic, or manual) SPD Text
If a significant portion of the User Demand may be supplied from alternative
Connection Point(s), the relevant information on the Demand transfer capability
shall be provided including the following: SPD Text

The alternative Connection Point(s)

The Demand normally supplied from each alternative Connection Point SPD MW
The Demand which may be transferred from or to each alternative Connection Point SPD MW
The control (e.g., manual or automatic) arrangements for transfer including the time
SPD Text
required to effect the transfer for Forced Outage and planned maintenance conditions
If a User System has Embedded/Captive Generating Units and significantly
large-sized motors, the short circuit contribution of the Embedded/Captive
Generating Units and the large motors at the Connection Point shall be provided
SPD kA
by the Distribution Entities (or the other Users). The short-circuit current shall be
calculated in accordance with the TSP standards, or in their absence, the relevant
IEC or their equivalent national standards.
If a User System has fluctuating loads, the following information shall be provided
SPD MW/time
Cyclic variation of Active Power over time
Cyclic variation of Reactive Power over time SPD MW/time
Maximum rate of change of Active Power SPD MW/s
Maximum rate of change of Reactive Power SPD Mvar/s
Largest step change of Active Power SPD MW
Largest step change of Reactive Power SPD Mvar
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 Data Description Data Category Unit
If the User System has commutating Power electronic loads, detail such as no.
of pulses, max. voltage notch, and Harmonic distortion potential (up to 50th SPD Text
Harmonic) shall be provided to the TSP.
A Single Line Diagram showing all load current carrying Apparatus at the
Connection Point, specifically the following:
DPD Diagram
Busbar layout(s)
Electric circuit configurations (i.e. overhead lines, underground cables, Power
DPD Diagram
transformers and similar Equipment)
Phase arrangements DPD Diagram
Grounding arrangements DPD Diagram
Switching facilities DPD Diagram
Operating voltages DPD Diagram
Numbering and nomenclature DPD Diagram
For each HV motor
DPD Text
Type
MVA rating DPD MVA
MW rating DPD MW
Power Factor DPD
Full-load current rating DPD A
Starting method and starting current DPD Text
Number of start ups per day DPD Text
Torque/speed characteristics for the motor DPD Diagram
Torque/speed characteristics for the relevant load DPD Diagram
Inertia constant for the motor and the driven load DPD s
Dynamic parameters(for synchronous motors) DPD % on MVA

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 Data Description Data Category Unit
Transient over-voltage assessment data for undertaking insulation coordination
studies
DPD Diagram
Busbar layout, including dimensions and geometry and electrical parameters of any
associated Current Transformers, Voltage Transformers, wall bushings, and support
insulators
Physical and electrical parameters of lines, cables,
transformers, reactors and shunt compensators connected at that Busbar or by lines or DPD Text
cables to that Busbar
Specification of all Apparatus connected directly or by lines and cables to the Busbar
DPD Text
including basic insulation levels
Characteristics of over voltage protection at the Busbar and at the termination of lines
DPD Text
and cables connected at the Busbar
The Generating Unit /Station transformer data is required: three or five limb cores or
DPD Text
single phase units to be specified, and operating peak flux density at nominal voltage
User Protection System data which can trip, inter-trip or close any Connection Point
circuit breaker or any TSP circuit breaker
DPD Text
Full description and estimated settings, of all relays/Protection systems installed or to be
installed on the User System
A full description of any auto-reclose facilities installed on the User System, including
DPD Text
type and time delays
Full description including estimated settings, for all relays and Protection systems
installed or to be installed on the Generating Unit, Generating Unit transformer, Station DPD Text
transformer and their associated connections
For Generating Unit having (or intending to have) a circuit breaker at the Generating Unit
DPD ms
terminal voltage, clearance times for electrical Faults within the Generating Unit zone
The most probable Fault clearance time for electrical Faults on User System directly
DPD ms
connected to the Transmission System

Abbreviations: SPD, Standard Planning Data;

DPD, Detailed Planning Data
Cross References: SPD (3.3.3.4, Appendix A3.1);
DPD (3.3.3.5, Appendix A3.2)

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 Schedule 6: Connection Point Data

Company Name: Equipment/Station Location:

Contact Name and Address:
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:
Data Up-date
Data Description Unit Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Category Time
Annual peak hour SPD MW
User Demand at
Annual Maximum
SPD PF
Demand Conditions
User Demand at SPD MW
TSP peak Demand
End of March
at Annual MD SPD PF
Conditions
User Demand at SPD MW
minimum TSP
Demand at Average SPD PF
Conditions
Demand transfer
capability data
SPD Text
Name of the
alternative
Connection Point(s)
SPD MW End of March
Demand transferable
SPD Mvar
Transfer arrangement
(e.g. manual or SPD Man./Auto.
automatic)
Time to effect transfer SPD hours

Abbreviation: SPD Standard Planning Data

Cross References: (3.3.3.4 and Appendix A3.1)

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 Schedule 7: Demand Control Data

Company Name: Equipment/Station Location:

Contact Name and Address:
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:
Data Time Update
Data Description Unit
Category Covered Time
Programming Phase
Demand Control which may result in a Demand change of
Weeks By 10:00 hours
5 MW or more on an hourly and Connection Point basis OD MW
1 to 8 Saturday
Demand profile
Weeks By 10:00 hours
Duration of proposed Demand Control OD hours
1 to 8 Saturday
Control Phase (for Distribution Entities and Directly-
connected Customers)
Now to next 7
OD MW Immediate
Demand Control which may result in a Demand change of 5 Days
MW or more averaged over any hour on any Connection Point
which is planned after 10:00 hours
Any changes to planned Demand Control notified to the TSP Now to next 7
OD MW Immediate
prior to 10:00 hours Days
Post Control Phase (for Distribution Entities and Directly-
connected Customers)
OD MW
Demand Reduction achieved on previous calendar day of
5 MW or more averaged over any Connection Point, on an
hourly and Connection Point basis
Previous 10:00 hours
Active Power profiles OD MW
Day Daily
Previous 10:00 hours
Duration OD hours
Day Daily

Abbreviation: OD Operational Data

Cross Reference: (section 4.2)

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 Schedule 8: Scheduling and Dispatch Data

Company Name: Equipment/Station Location:

Contact Name and Address:
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:

Data Generating Unit/Station

Data Description Unit
Category U1 U2 .... Un Station
Generating Unit
Availability
OD MW
Net Dependable
Capacity
Start time OD Date/time
Generating Unit
unavailability
OD Date/time
Start time
End time OD Date/time
Generating Unit
initial conditions
OD hours
Notice to Synchronize
Time required for
OD hours
Start-up
Maximum increase
in output above OD
declared Availability
Any changes to
Primary and/or
OD
Secondary Response
characteristics

191

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 Data Generating Unit/Station
Data Description Unit
Category U1 U2 .... Un Station
Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters
Generating Unit inflexibility
OD Text
Description
Date/
Start date OD
time
Date/
End date OD
time
Active Power OD MW
Generating Unit Synchronizing intervals
OD hours
Hot time interval
Off-load time interval OD hours

Generating Unit De-synchronizing intervals OD Time

Generating Unit basic data

OD hours
Minimum Shutdown time
Generating Unit duty cycle OD

Generating Unit minimum on time OD hours

Generating Unit Minimum Generation OD

MW/
Generating Unit run-up rates with breakpoints OD
min
Generating Unit run-down rates with MW/
OD
breakpoints min
Generating Unit loading rates covering the
MW/
range from Minimum Generation to Net OD
min
Dependable Power Capacity
Generating Unit de-loading rates covering the
MW/
range from Net Dependable Power Capacity to OD
min
Minimum Generation

Abbreviations: OD Operational Data

Ux Generating Unit number x
192 Cross References: (5.3.3.1 and Appendix A5.1)

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 Schedule 9: User System Load Characteristics

Company Name: Equipment/Station Location:

Contact Name and Address:
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:
Data
Data Description Unit Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Category
Detail of loads with
characteristics considerably
DPD MW
different than the typical range
supplied

DPD MW/kV
Demand sensitivity to voltage
variation at peak Connection
Point Demand
DPD Mvar/kV

Demand sensitivity to DPD MW/Hz

frequency variation at peak
Connection Point Demand DPD Mvar/Hz
Maximum expected phase
unbalance imposed on the DPD %
System
Average expected phase
unbalance imposed on the DPD %
System
Maximum expected Harmonic
DPD %
content imposed on the System
Loads which may cause
Demand fluctuations greater
DPD MW
than 5 MW at a Connection
Point
Load criticality
High Priority
DPD MW
Medium Priority
Low Priority

Abbreviation: DPD Detailed Planning Data 193

Cross References: (3.3.3.5 and Appendix A3.2)

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 Schedule 10: Fault Infeed Data

Company Name: Equipment/Station Location:

Contact Name and Address:
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:
Data
Data Description Unit Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Category
Short circuit infeed to
Transmission System
from the User System at a
Connection Point
DPD kA
Symmetrical three-phase short
circuit current infeed at instant
of Fault
Symmetrical single-phase short
circuit current infeed at instant DPD kA
of Fault
Symmetrical three-phase short
circuit current infeed after
sub-transient Fault current DPD Mvar/kV
contribution has substantially
decayed
Zero sequence source
impedance values as seen
from the Connection Point %on MVA
consistent with the maximum
infeed above
Positive sequence X/R ratio at
DPD
instance of Fault

Abbreviation: DPD Detailed Planning Data

Cross References: (3.3.3.5 and Appendix A3.2)

194

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 Schedule 11: User Demand Profiles and Active Energy Data

Company Name: Equipment/Station Location:

Contact Name and Address:
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:
Data Up-date
Data Description Unit Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Category Time
Forecast Demand 1. On the day of User Maximum Demand at Annual
profiles for each User Maximum Demand Conditions
System (saummed 2. On the day of peak TSP Demand at Annual Maximum
SPD,OD MW End of March
over all Connection Demand Conditions
Points for the 3. On the day of minimum TSP Demand at Average
Distribution Entity Conditions
0000 : 0100 SPD,OD MW

0100 : 0200 SPD,OD MW

0200 : 0300 SPD,OD MW

0300 : 0400 SPD,OD MW

0400 : 0500 SPD,OD MW

0500 : 0600 SPD,OD MW

0600 : 0700 SPD,OD MW

0700 : 0800 SPD,OD MW

0800 : 0900 SPD,OD MW

1000 : 1100 SPD,OD MW

1100 : 1200 SPD,OD MW

1200 : 1300 SPD,OD MW

1300 : 1400 SPD,OD MW

1400 : 1500 SPD,OD MW

1500 : 1600 SPD,OD MW

1600 : 1700 SPD,OD MW

1700 : 1800 SPD,OD MW 195

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 Data Up-date
Data Description Unit Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Category Time

1800 : 1900 SPD,OD MW

1900 : 2000 SPD,OD MW

2000 : 2100 SPD,OD MW

2100 : 2200 SPD,OD MW

2200 : 2300 SPD,OD MW

2300 : 2400 SPD,OD MW

Total Demand SPD,OD MW End of March

Active Energy requirement SPD,OD MWh End of March

Annual MWh requirements

(summed over all
Connection Points) for
Distribution Entities at SPD,OD MWh End of March
Average Conditions

Residential

Agricultural SPD,OD MWh End of March

Commercial SPD,OD MWh End of March

Government SPD,OD MWh End of March

Industrial SPD,OD MWh End of March

Street Lighting SPD,OD MWh End of March

Hospitals SPD,OD MWh End of March

Any other identifiable

SPD,OD MWh End of March
categories of Users

User System losses SPD,OD MWh End of March

Abbreviations: SPD Standard Planning Data

OD Operational Data
Cross References: (3.3.3.4, Appendix A3.1, and section 4.2)
196

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 Schedule 12: Data Supplied by the TSP to Users

Data Description

The date and time of annual peak of TSP Demand at Annual Maximum Demand Conditions

The date and time of annual minimum TSP Demand at Average Conditions
Transmission System data including

Network Topology and ratings of principal items of Equipment

Positive, negative and zero sequence data of lines, cables, transformers, etc.

Relay and Protection data

Transmission System Data as an equivalent 380kV, 230kV and 110/115kV source at the Connection Point to the User System

Symmetrical three-phase short-circuit current infeed at the instant of Fault from the Transmission System
Symmetrical three-phase short circuit current from the Transmission System after the sub-transient Fault current contribution has
substantially decayed
Pre-Fault voltage magnitude at which the maximum Fault currents were calculated

Positive sequence X/R ratio at the instant of Fault

Appropriate interconnection transformer data

Name of Safety Representatives

Provisional Outage program showing the Generating Units expected to be withdrawn from service during each week of Years 2 and 3
for Planned Outages
Draft Outage Program showing the Generating Units expected to be withdrawn from service during each week of Year 1 for Planned
Outages
Maximum and minimum short circuit data relevant to the Connection Site

Cross References: (1.13.3 and 2.3.5)

197

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 CHAPTER 7
METERING CODE

7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 In order to properly account for the flow of electricity through the Transmission System,
it is imperative that suitable and accurate metering and recording facilities are provided
at all Connection Points on the Grid. This chapter, therefore, deals with metering and
recording requirements for Participants and clarifies on their obligations relating to
such installations. It also sets the minimum technical, design and operational criteria
to be complied with by Users relating to metering and data collection Equipment and
installations.

7.1.2 The provisions of this chapter are specifically applicable to issues relating to the following:
(i) supply, installation, and maintenance of Metering Equipment (Main as well
as Check) and their testing and calibration;
(ii) collection, storage, and communication of metering data; and
(iii) competencies and standards of performance of Participants relating to
metering.

7.2 Objective
The objective is to set out the responsibilities of the Participants relating to measuring
and recording of Active and Reactive Power flows and Energy imports into or exports out
of the Grid and also to specify the terms and conditions that will govern the metering
and recording Equipment and systems employed for the above purpose.

7.3 Metering Responsibility

7.3.1 The TSP shall be responsible for managing and collecting metering information and shall
ensure that all points identified as Metering Points in the relevant Connection Agreement
have proper metering facilities.

7.3.2 The User shall be responsible to provide Meters and the associated Equipment and
facilities at the Connection Point and offer these for installing and sealing by the
TSP along with proofs of certification in respect of Meters and the CTs and VTs by an
accredited laboratory as set out in (7.3.4) below.

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 7.3.3 The User shall also be responsible to demonstrate that its Metering Equipment meets all
the technical requirements and standards set forth in this chapter.

7.3.4 Prior to making them available to the TSP for installing and sealing, the Users shall submit
the Meters for certification to an independent laboratory accredited for such purposes
by the Regulator.

7.3.5 The TSP shall ensure that installation, Commissioning, maintenance, auditing, and testing
of Metering Equipment and allied systems are done in accordance with the standards as
specified in the relevant Connection Agreement.

7.3.6 Notwithstanding (7.3.2 to 7.3.4) above, once installed, all Main Meters shall be owned
and operated by the TSP.

7.3.7 The User shall also provide to the TSP all the information that the TSP will reasonably
require to perform its metering duties properly.

7.4 Metering Equipment

The Metering Equipment at the Connection Point shall consist of:
(i) Meters;
(ii) Instrument Transformers;
(iii) Lightning Protection; and
(iv) All other interconnecting electric/telecommunication cables, wires, and
associated devices, etc.

199

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 7.5 Metering Point
7.5.1 The Metering Point shall be at the Connection Point on the Transmission System, as
specified in the relevant Connection Agreement.

7.5.2 The Actual Metering Point may differ from the Connection Point, if agreed by the TSP and
the User. The accuracy requirements of the Metering Code then shall apply to the Actual
Metering Point.

7.5.3 Where the Actual Metering Point and the Connection Point do not coincide, then, where
necessary, compensation for Power transformer and/or line losses shall be provided.
The compensation may be applied locally within the Metering Equipment or remotely.
In both cases, however, compensation factors and the justification for them must be
recorded.

7.6 Metering Parameters

7.6.1 Energy and Demand metering for both Active and Reactive Power shall be required at
every Metering Point.

7.6.2 The Meters shall have the capability to separately record the flow of Active and Reactive
Power and import and export of Energy at each Connection Point on the Grid.

7.6.3 The Meters shall have the capability to measure Power flows in all the quadrants in which
such flow is possible.

7.6.4 The Meters shall be configured to record/store peak demand data in quarter-hourly
integration periods.

200

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 7.7 Metering Data Storage and Availability
7.7.1 The TSP shall create, maintain and administer a metering database containing the
following information:
(i) name and unique identifier of the Metering Installation;
(ii) date of installation;
(iii) the date of Commissioning of the installation and Commissioning
documents;
(iv) the connecting parties at the Metering Installation;
(v) date of Energization;
(vi) Fault, repair, and maintenance history for each Metering Installation;
(vii) telephone numbers used to retrieve information from the Metering
Installation;
(viii) type of the Meter at the Metering Installation; and
(ix) calibration certificates for all the Metering Equipment.

7.7.2 Data storage facilities for metering data shall be provided as follows:
(i) a storage capacity of ninety-six (96) periods per day for a minimum of
thirty (30) days for all Demand Values;
(ii) the stored Demand Values shall be integer values of kW or kvar and have a
resolution of at least 0.1% (at full load);
(iii) the accuracy of the Energy values derived from Demand Values shall be
within ±0.1% (at full load) of the amount of Energy measured by the
associated Meter;
(iv) the value of any Energy measured in a Demand Period but not stored in
that Demand Period shall be carried forward to the next Demand Period;
(v) in the event of a Metering Equipment Power supply failure, the Metering
Equipment shall protect all data stored up to the time of the failure, and
maintain the time accuracy in accordance with (7.11);
(vi) to cater for continuous supply failures, the clock, calendar and all data
shall be supported for a period of fifteen (15) days without an external
supply connected;
(vii) any “read” operation shall not delete or alter any stored metered data; and
(viii) Upon request by the data collection system, the Metering Equipment shall
provide any portion of the stored data. 201

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 7.7.3 The TSP shall be the owner of all the metering data and shall keep these data for at least
five (5) years for audit trail purposes.

7.7.4 The TSP shall maintain in duplicate a continuous log on which shall be recorded at the
end of every billing period the readings of all the Meters and instruments pertaining
to delivery of, and billing for, Demand and Energy supplied by the TSP or taken by it.
Such logs shall also show a brief statement giving complete facts of Interruption or other
unusual Events affecting the service. The TSP shall deliver one set of the said duplicates
each month to the User, upon request.

7.7.5 User’s metered data shall be considered strictly confidential and shall not be disclosed to
anyone, except to that User or the Regulator.

7.7.6 The TSP shall provide a User direct access to its Meter pulse data, if required by the User.
However, this access will be restricted to Check Meter data only and will be in the same
format that the Main Meter supplies to the TSP Meter reading process. Any cost incurred
by the TSP for this purpose shall be borne in full by the relevant User.

7.7.7 All the Metering Systems shall have the capability of electronic data transfer. However,
during the transition period, on-Site meter reading and reporting may be needed.

7.7.8 If on-Site meter reading is necessary, it shall be witnessed by authorized representatives

of all concerned parties.

7.7.9 The TSP shall connect a telecommunications medium to the meter/recorder that will
allow for remote downloading of metering data.

7.7.10 The TSP shall be enabled to remotely interrogate a Meter or recorder on a daily basis or
as mutually agreed with a User.

7.7.11 Meters shall be visible and accessible, but the access to such meters shall be authorized
only by the TSP.

202

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 7.7.12 The metering data retrieval by remote link, or by on-Site method in the case of a persistent
telecommunication problem, shall be a secure process whereby Meters or recorders are
directly interrogated to retrieve billing information from their memories.

7.7.13 The TSP shall be responsible for the validation and substitution of metering data.

7.7.14 In principle, Check metering data, where available, shall be used to validate metering
data provided that Check Metering Equipment accuracy conforms to the standards of
this section.

7.8 Metering Equipment Standards

7.8.1 All Metering Equipment shall comply with the provisions set out in this Metering Code.
These provisions may be revised from time to time in consultation with the Regulator to
take account of changing technologies or the requirements of the industry.

7.8.2 The Metering Equipment shall be accurate within the prescribed limits for such Metering
Equipment referred to in the relevant Connection Agreement or set out in the Metering
Code.

7.8.3 The accuracy of the various items of Metering Equipment shall conform to the relevant
IEC standards (or their equivalent Saudi national standards).

7.8.4 The Meters shall be calibrated by an independent calibrating agency accredited by the
Regulator for this purpose. The User shall provide calibration certificate with expiry date
of calibration.

7.8.5 Voltage Transformers (VTs)

(i) The Voltage Transformers shall comprise three (3) units for a three-phase
set, each of which complies with IEC Standard 60044-2: Instrument
Transformers — Part 2: Inductive Voltage Transformers (or its equivalent
ANSI/IEEE/Saudi national/TSP standard) for metering, and shall be of
the 0.2 accuracy class. These Voltage Transformers shall be connected in
the configuration as agreed in the relevant Connection Agreement.
(ii) The voltage drop in each phase of the Voltage Transformer connections of
the same accuracy and class shall not exceed 0.2 V. It shall be connected
only to a Main Meter with a burden that shall not affect the accuracy of
measurement. 203

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 7.8.6 Current Transformers (CTs)
(i) The Current Transformers shall comprise three (3) units for a three-
phase set, each of which complies with the IEC Standard 60044-1:
Instrument Transformers — Part 1: Current Transformers (or its equivalent
ANSI/IEEE/Saudi national/TSP standard) for metering, and shall be of
0.2 accuracy class. It is preferred that two (2) Current Transformer cores
with corresponding number of secondary coils per phase be provided
between the connection box and the terminal of the metering element on
the Meter so that the Current Transformer connections for checking Meter
pulses can be completely separated from those provided for the Meters.
(ii) The Current Transformer’s rated secondary current shall be either 1 or 5
amperes. The neutral conductor shall be effectively Grounded at a single
point and shall be connected only to a Main Meter with a burden that shall
not affect the accuracy of measurement.
7.8.7 Meters
(i) Meters shall be of the three-element type independent for each phase,
rated for the required Site, comply with IEC Standard 62052-11: Electricity
Metering Equipment (AC) — General requirements, tests, and testing
conditions or IEC Standard 62053-21: Electricity Metering Equipment
(AC) — Particular requirements (or their equivalent ANSI/IEEE/Saudi
national/TSP standards), for static watt-hour meter and other types of
Meters, and shall be of the accuracy class of 0.2 or equivalent. The Meters
shall measure and locally display at least the kW, kWh, kvar, kvarh, and
cumulative Demand, with additional features such as time-of-use,
maintenance records, Power Quality monitoring, and pulse output.
The pulse output for remote metering must be for all the major
measurement features.
(ii) The Meters may be digital or analogue as per the agreement between the
TSP and the User.
(iii) A cumulative record of the parameters measured shall be available on the
Meter. Bi-directional Meters shall have two such records available. If
combined Active Energy and Reactive Energy Meters are provided, then a
separate record shall be provided for each measured quantity and
direction. The loss of auxiliary supply to the Meter shall not erase these
records.
(iv) Data storage shall be provided internally or externally to the Meter by way
204 of a data logger which shall provide an output per measured quantity.

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 7.9 Testing and Inspection of Metering Installations
7.9.1 All Meters, CTs and VTs, shall be tested for accuracy at initial Commissioning. Tests
shall also be carried out thereafter at intervals not less frequently than every twelve (12)
months for Main Meters and not less than six (6) years for CTs and VTs, or as specified in
the relevant Connection Agreement to verify that their operation is within the prescribed
limits of error.

7.9.2 Test terminals shall be provided for Main and Check Meters to facilitate on site tests.

7.9.3 Meters shall be tested in service and should be tested out of service only if the accuracy
is suspected to be not within the limits.

7.9.4 A User may request a test and shall bear the full cost of such testing if the Meter is
found to be not operating within the prescribed limits. Tests will be organized such that
all relevant parties are notified of the tests, and are invited to witness them, if required.
Test results will be made available to the User involved.

7.9.5 Meters may also be tested by the TSP whenever the TSP notices or suspects an error in
metering.

7.9.6 In carrying out of tests on Main Meters, any interruption to measurement will be taken
account of and appropriately compensated. The testing measurement will be taken by
another Meter and will be appropriately compensated.

7.9.7 Care shall be taken in carrying out tests to ensure that any Interruption to measurement
is avoided or minimized.

7.9.8 Certified test Equipment and reference standards (traceable to a recognized national
or international standard) shall be used in such tests and if, by agreement, it is deemed
necessary, an approved independent laboratory may be employed.

205

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 7.9.9 Where a test indicates that an error exceeds the limits of error prescribed in the
applicable standards, then these errors shall be recorded before promptly adjusting,
repairing or renewing the Metering Equipment (or part thereof ) or replacing any
defective components.

7.9.10 Pursuant to (7.9.9) above, the reading taken previously, and all charges based therein,
shall be corrected on the basis of this test for a period as set in the applicable Connection
Agreement.

7.9.11 The Metering Equipment shall be restored to service and proved to be operating within
the prescribed limits of accuracy as soon as is reasonably practicable.

7.10 Main and Check Metering

7.10.1 For each Connection, Main and Check Metering shall be provided. Main and Check
Meters shall be from different manufacturers and shall operate from separate CT and VT
windings.

7.10.2 The provisions of this chapter shall apply equally to Main and Check Meters.

7.10.3 CT and VT windings and cables connecting such windings to Main Meters shall be
dedicated for such purposes and such cables and connections shall be securely sealed.

7.10.4 The Main Meter, Check Meter and additional burdens shall have separately fused VT
supplies.

7.10.5 The loss of voltage to the Meters should give an alarm.

7.11 Timekeeping
7.11.1 All Metering Installation shall record time, based on Saudi Arabian Standard Time.

7.11.2 The commencement of each Demand Period shall be within ±10 seconds of the true
time.

206

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 7.11.3 The duration of each Demand Period shall be accurate to within ± 0.1% except where
time synchronization has occurred in that period.

7.12 Metering Access and Sealing

7.12.1 Metering Equipment and associated communications Equipment shall be located in a
dedicated and secure cabinet located in an area readily accessible, free from obstructions,
and well-lit by artificial light(s).

7.12.2 The cabinet shall conform to service conditions as specified in TSP’s Standard 01-TMSS-
01. These design measures shall at least include protection from moisture and dust and
from physical damage including vibration and provide appropriate temperature control.

7.12.3 The cabinet shall be equipped with a lock and shall be clear-fronted and sealed by the
TSP. The control of this sealing shall conform to procedures as laid down by the TSP from
time to time. This seal can only be broken by or with the consent of the TSP.

7.12.4 Internal access to Metering Equipment, enclosures, and the associated communications
equipment shall be in accordance with procedures specified by the TSP.

7.12.5 The Users shall permit the TSP or its representatives, the rights to enter upon, pass
through, and remain upon any part of such User property to the extent necessary for the
purposes of performance under this Code. Users shall make all reasonable arrangements
and provisions to facilitate the TSP or its representatives in exercising such rights.

7.12.6 The right of access provided pursuant to (7.12.5) above shall also include the right to
bring any vehicles, Plants, machinery and maintenance or other materials as may be
reasonably required by the TSP for the performance of obligations under the Metering
Code.

7.12.7 The seals that the TSP shall use on Metering installations must be strong and durable,
not prone to easy or accidental damage or early deterioration owing to weather or
operating environment.

207

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 7.12.8 Seals shall be capable of being fixed easily and shall be designed and constructed to
prevent undetectable tampering under normal usage and must not permit their removal
or undoing without breaking.

7.12.9 Seals shall be identifiable by unique numbers and TSP logos that are legible and traceable
to those affixing these.

7.13 Damage, Tampering, or Unauthorized Interference with Metering Equipment

7.13.1 The TSP shall examine Metering installations periodically to ensure that all security seals
are intact and that the Metering Equipment is functioning properly and without any
signs of damage, tampering, or unauthorized interference.

7.13.2 In case such signs are evident, the TSP will investigate the matter further, and if as a
result, the integrity of the Metering Equipment (or any part thereof ) becomes doubtful,
the TSP will require the Metering Equipment (or part thereof ) to be replaced or repaired,
as may be appropriate, on the cost of the relevant User. In either case, the Metering
Equipment (or part thereof ) shall have to undergo testing, certification, and calibration
as is laid down in section 7.15.

7.13.3 The TSP shall also deal with such issues of damage, tampering, and/or unauthorized
interference with Metering Equipment in accordance with its standing policy for
handling such cases, which shall include, but not limited to, the following:
(i) documenting of the situation and recording of all evidence pertaining to
damage, tampering, and/or unauthorized interference;
(ii) determining recoverable charge from the relevant User of all reasonable
costs pertaining to the unaccounted for Power and Energy for the period
for which the Metering Equipment is deemed to have been abused,
including imposing of a reasonable penalty; and
(iii) pursuing of any additional action against the relevant User for such
unscrupulous acts in accordance with the applicable laws and/or rules and
regulations in the Kingdom.

208

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 7.14 Repair and Maintenance of Metering Equipment
7.14.1 The Metering Equipment at the Connection Point shall be maintained by the TSP at the
witness of the User. All test results, Maintenance Programs, and sealing records shall be
kept for the life of the Metering Equipment, and for five (5) years after the retirement
of the Equipment. The Equipment data and test records shall be made available to
authorized parties.

7.14.2 The TSP shall repair the Metering System as soon as practical if a Metering System
malfunctions or requires maintenance. The TSP shall charge for the metering services
provided.

7.15 Approval, Certification, and Testing of Metering Equipment

7.15.1 The TSP has the responsibility for Meter type approval, Meter certification, and Meter
testing for compliance with the provisions of the Metering Code.

7.15.2 Meter Equipment used in accordance with this Code shall be approved types. The TSP
shall maintain this list and shall make it available to Users on request.

7.15.3 All Metering Equipment shall be from a manufacturer pre-qualified by the TSP.

7.15.4 The TSP shall maintain records for all Metering Equipment relating to their calibration
including the dates and results of any tests, readings, and adjustments.

7.15.5 Such records shall also include any other details as may be required by the TSP. Such
records shall be complete and accurate and retained for the life of the relevant item.

7.15.6 The TSP shall make arrangements to seal all Metering Equipment, data collection
equipment, and associated modems and telephone links.

7.15.7 All new Metering Equipment shall be required to undergo relevant certification tests
which shall be performed in accordance with the relevant international/Saudi national
standards.

209

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 7.15.8 Meter Certificates shall be issued for a specified life span. The Meter Certificate duration
may differ for different Meter types and may change from time to time.

7.15.9 Following certification, a certification seal will be applied. This seal must be maintained
intact in order for the Meter to retain certified status.

7.15.10 Meters removed from service must be re-certified before reconnection for use.

7.16 Meter Reconciliation

7.16.1 The TSP shall make arrangement to remotely read the cumulative energy values every
month for checking purposes.

7.16.2 If cumulative energy values are not available remotely, then the TSP will take manual
readings each month for the above purposes.

7.16.3 Within three (3) weeks of the manual Meter reading, the TSP shall prepare a Meter
Reconciliation Statement in which it will record the difference between the two
successive manual Meter readings and compare it with the total energy recorded for the
same time period.

7.16.4 If any difference between the manual reading and electronically recorded reading of
more that 0.1 percent is noticed, it shall be highlighted and referred to for further
checking.

7.16.5 If as a result of the above check, the discrepancy is confirmed, then the TSP will inform
the relevant User and take appropriate action to deal with the situation in accordance
with the provisions of the Commercial/Market Code (to be developed in due course).

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 Glossary and Definitions

Active Energy The integral of the Active Power with respect to time, measured
in watt hour (Wh) or multiples thereof. Unless otherwise
qualified, the term “Energy” refers to Active Energy

Active Power The time average of the instantaneous power over one period
of the electrical wave, measured in watts (W) or multiples
thereof.

Actual Metering Point Actual location of the Metering Point on the Transmission
System.

Adequacy (in relation to The ability of the electric system to supply the aggregate
Reliability) electrical Demand and Energy requirements of the customers
at all times, taking into account scheduled and reasonably
expected unscheduled Outages of System elements.

Affected User A User who provides evidence to the TSP and in the opinion
of the TSP the evidence proves the User’s sufficient interest in
the matter.

Amber Alert An alert issued by the TSP when the Contingency Reserve is
zero, a Generation deficiency exists, or there is a Critical Loading
or imminent overloading of Transmission lines or Equipment.

Annual Maximum Demand The conditions that lead to Maximum Demand on the
Conditions Transmission System in the year.

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 Apparatus Means all Equipment, in which electrical conductors are used,
supported, or of which they may form a part. In the Grid Code
it means (Extra) High Voltage electrical circuits forming part of
a System on which Safety Precautions may be applied to allow
work and/or testing to be carried out on a System.

Apparent Power Power that appears to be present when the voltage and
current in the circuit are measured separately. It is measured
in volt amperes (VA)

Authority for Access An authority which grants the holder the right to un-
accompanied access to a Site containing (E)HV conductors.

Automatic Load Dropping The process of automatically and deliberately removing pre-
selected loads from a Power System in response to an abnormal
condition in order to maintain the integrity of the System.

Automatic Voltage A continuously acting automatic Excitation control system

Regulator (AVR) to control the voltage of a Generating Unit measured at the
Generating Unit terminals.

Availability The long-term average fraction of time that a component or

system is in service and satisfactorily performing its intended
function. Also, the steady-state probability that a component
or system is in service.

Availability Notice A submission by a Generator in respect of each of its Generating

Units to the TSP pursuant to the provisions of Scheduling and
Dispatch Code stating whether or not such Units are available
for Generation.
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 Average Conditions That combination of weather elements within a period of time
which is the average of the observed values of those weather
elements during equivalent periods over many years.

Backup Reserve Refers to a Generating Unit that has Fast Start Capability and
can Synchronize with the Grid to provide its Declared Capacity
for a minimum period as specified by the TSP.

Black Start The process of recovery from Total System Blackout using a
Generating Unit with the capability to start and Synchronize
with the System without an external Power supply.

Black Start Test A Test carried out by a Generator with a Black Start Unit, on the
instructions of the TSP, to demonstrate that the Unit has the
contracted Black Start capability.

Black Start Unit/Station A Generating Unit/Station having Black Start capability.

Busbar An electrical conduit at facilities where lines, transformers and

other Equipment are connected.

Business Day Any day on which banks are open for business.

Capacity The rated continuous load-carrying capability of Generation,

Transmission, or other electrical Equipment, expressed in
megawatts (MW) or megavolt-amperes (MVA).

Check Meter The Meter designated to provide measurements at a metering

point for verification or substitution purposes.

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 Coincident Peak The sum of two or more peaks that occur in the same demand
period.

Commissioning A process to ensure that all Equipment, Protection Schemes,

and other systems relating to the User Development are
correctly functioning.

Commissioning Report(s) Any report(s) that are prepared to document the process and
results of the Commissioning activity.

Commissioning Tests Commissioning Tests is one of the final activities under project
implementation which is carried out to test and commission
all Equipment, Protection Schemes and other systems to verify
the correct functioning of the User Development.

Committed Outage The Outage Program that the TSP shall prepare for the period
Program (for Generation up to end of Year 1.
Outages)

Committed Outage The Outage Program that the TSP shall prepare for the period
Program (for Transmission up to end of Year 0.
Outages)

Committed Project The data for a User Development once an Offer for a Connection
Planning Data Agreement or an amended Connection Agreement has been
accepted by the User.

Completion Date The date, specified in the Connection Agreement or amended

Connection Agreement, when the User Development is
scheduled to be completed and is ready for Connection to the
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 Connection Means the installation of Connection Assets in such a way
that, subject to Energization, the User may import and/or
export electricity to and/or from the Transmission System at
the Connection Point and “Connected” shall be construed
accordingly.

Connection Agreement An agreement between a User and the TSP, which specifies the
terms and conditions pertaining to the Connection of the User
System or Equipment to a new Connection Point in the Grid.

Connection Asset The electric Power lines and electrical Equipment used to effect
a connection of a User’s System to the Transmission System.

Connection Date The date on which the Commissioning Tests have to properly
completed to the satisfaction of the TSP in respect of every
part of the User’s System, following which the TSP shall, as
soon as reasonably practicable, notify the User to that effect,
specifying the date of completion of such implementation.

Connection Point The electrical point of connection where the assets of a

User (Generator, Distribution Entity, or Directly-connected
Customer) are physically connected to the system of the TSP.
The TSP shall own, operate, and maintain all the facilities up to
and including those at this Point. The User shall own, operate,
and maintain all the facilities beyond this Point.

Connection Site The site at which the Plant and Apparatus of the User at the
User’s side of the Connection Point is to be installed including
the land, spaces, roads and any surfaces.

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 Contingency Plans The plans prepared to deal with any contingencies on the
Transmission System.

Contingency Reserve It is the margin of available Generation Capacity over forecast

Demand, which is required in the period from 24 hours ahead
down to real time, to cover against uncertainties in Availability
of Generation Capacity and also against weather forecast and
Demand Forecast errors.

Control Action An action, such as switching, whereby the Transmission System

is operated.

Control Center A location used for the purpose of monitoring, controlling, and
operating of the Generator’s Plant and Apparatus.

Control Engineer The designated person of the TSP responsible for directing and
controlling the operation of Transmission System.

Control Phase The Control Phase follows on from the Programming Phase
and covers the period down to real time.

Critical Loading Refers to the condition when the loading of transmission

lines or substation Equipment is between 90 percent and 100
percent of the continuous rating.

Current Transformer (CT) Device that reduces or scales down the actual system current
to proportional values of a few amperes for use by a Protection
System or Meter.

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 Data Acquisition System A device provided to record the sequence of operation in time,
of the relays/ Equipments/system parameters at a location.

Declaration A notice prepared by the Generator in respect of its Generating

Units and submitted to the TSP pursuant to the provisions of
Scheduling and Dispatch Code and setting out the values
relating to Availability, System Services capabilities, Operating
Characteristics. The term “Declared” shall be construed
accordingly.

Declared Data The data provided by the Generator pursuant to the provisions
of Scheduling and Dispatch Code in accordance with the
latest/current Generating Unit parameters.

De-energize/De- The act reverse of Energize/Energization.

energization

Default Default shall mean the failure of a Participant to discharge its

obligations in accordance with the provisions of the Grid Code.

Demand The demand of MW and Mvar of electricity (i.e. both Active and
Reactive Power), unless otherwise stated.

Demand Control The reduction in Demand for the control of the frequency when
the Grid is in an Emergency state. This includes Automatic Load
Dropping, Manual Load Dropping, and Demand Reduction
upon instruction by the TSP, Demand Disconnection managed
by Users, and Voluntary Load Curtailment.

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 Demand Forecast The projections of Power and Active Energy requirements
relating to a Connection Point in the Transmission System.

Demand Period A legal obligation of certain duration.

Demand Value The value of the parameters requested by User or TSP.

Derogation An order by the Regulator relieving a particular Participant

from that Participant’s obligation to comply with the Grid Code
in specified circumstances and to a specified extent.

De-Synchronize The process of taking a Generating Unit and/or interconnected

AC Systems off the Transmission System when they were
previously Synchronized with it. The term de-synchronized,
de-synchronizing, and the like shall be construed accordingly.

Detailed Planning Data The data that the TSP may require from any User in support of
the Standard Planning Data.

Directly-connected Any User directly connected to the Transmission System, other

Customers than the Generator or Distribution Entities.

Disconnection The opening of an electrical circuit to isolate an electrical

System or Equipment from a Power source.

Disconnector/Disconnect A switch that is used for closing, opening, or changing the

Switch connections in a circuit or system or for purposes of Isolation.

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 Dispatch The process used by the TSP to apportion the total Demand
of the Grid through the issuance of Dispatch Instructions to
Generators, Distribution Entities, and Directly-connected
Customers in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 5:
Scheduling and Dispatch Code to achieve the operational
requirements of balancing Demand with supply that will
ensure the Security of the Grid.

Dispatch Instruction Refers to the instruction issued by the TSP to the Generators,
Distribution Entities, Directly-connected Customers,
Scheduled Generating Units and/or the Generators whose
Generating Units will provide System Services to implement
the final Generation Schedule in real time.

Dispatch Parameters The electrical parameters incorporated in the Dispatch

Instruction.

Dispatched Output The net Energy delivered to the Transmission System by a

Generator at the Connection Point (gross Generated energy
minus auxiliary consumption).

Distribution Entity Entity that own, operate, and distribute electricity through a
Distribution System.

Distribution System The system of wires and associated facilities belonging to a

franchised Distribution Entity, extending between the delivery
points on the Connection Point to the premises of the end
users of electricity. Also, it is an electricity network consisting
of assets operated at a nominal voltage of 69 kV or less.

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 Disturbance Recorder A device provided to record the behavior of the pre-selected
digital and analog values of the system parameters during an
Event.

Electric Utility Industry Means all the stakeholders responsible for the Generation,
Transmission, Distribution, and use of electricity.

Electrical Diagram A schematic representation, using standard electrical symbols,

which shows the connection of Equipment or Power System
components to each other or to external circuits.

Electricity Law The “Electricity Law” of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Embedded/Captive A Generating Unit/Station that is connected to a Distribution

Generating Unit/Station System or the System of any User and has no direct Connection
to the Transmission System.

Emergency A Partial Shutdown or Total Shutdown or any other physical

or operational condition and/or occurrence on the System
which, in TSP’s opinion, is (i) imminently likely to endanger
or is endangering life or property; or (ii) is imminently likely
to impair or is impairing: (a) TSP’s ability to discharge any
statutory, regulatory or other legal obligation and/or (b) the
Safety and/or Reliability of the Power System.

Emergency Plans TSP’s plans to deal with Emergency situations or Events.

Energize/Energization The act of operation of switching Equipment or the Start-up

of a Generating Unit, which results in there being a non-zero
voltage beyond a Connection Point or part of the System.
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 Energy Unless otherwise qualified, refers to the Active Energy.

Equipment All Apparatus, machines, conductors, etc., used as part of, or in

connection with, an electrical installation.

Equipment Identification The System of numbering or nomenclature for the identification

of Equipment at the Connection Points in the Grid.

Estimated Equipment Data It shall contain the User’s best estimate of the values of
parameters and information pertaining to its Equipment and
Apparatus and which on Connection become fixed (subject to
any subsequent change).

Event An unscheduled or unplanned occurrence or an abrupt change

or disturbance in a Power System due to Fault, Equipment
Outage, or adverse weather condition.

Event Logger A device provided to record the sequence of operation in time,

of the relays/ Equipments at a location during an Event.

Excitation (System), Exciter The Equipment providing the field current of a Generating
Unit, including all regulating and control elements, as well
as field discharge or suppression Equipment and protective
devices.

Extra High Voltage EHV A voltage level exceeding 230 kV.

Fast Start Capability The Capability of a Generating Unit to Start-up and Synchronize
with the Grid within 10 minutes.

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 Fault Physical condition that causes a device, component, or element
to fail to perform in a required manner.

Flexible Planned Outage A Planned Outage which can be, at the request of the TSP,
deferred or advanced by a certain period.

Flicker Severity (Long A value derived from 12 successive measurements of Flicker

Term) or Plt Severity (Short Term) (over a two hour period) and a calculation
of the cube root of the mean sum of the cubes of 12 individual
measurements.

Flicker Severity (Short- A measure of the visual severity of flicker derived from the time
term) or Pst series output of a flicker meter over a 10 minute period and as
such provides an indication of the risk of User complaints.

Force Majeure Force Majeure shall mean any act of God, labor disturbance, act
of the public enemy, war, insurrection, riot, fire, storm or flood,
explosion, breakage or accident to machinery or Equipment,
any order, regulation or restriction imposed by governmental,
military or lawfully established civilian authorities, or any other
cause beyond a party’s control. A Force Majeure event does
not include an act of negligence or intentional wrongdoing.

Forced Outage An Outage of a Generating Unit or a Transmission facility

due to a Fault or other reasons which has not been planned,
also it results from emergency conditions directly associated
with a component, requiring that it be taken out of service
immediately, either automatically or as soon as switching
operations can be performed.

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 Forecast Data Those items of the Standard Planning Data and Detailed
Planning Data which will always be forecast.

Frequency Control The retention of the frequency on the Transmission System

within acceptable limits.

Frequency Regulation The automatic adjustment of Active Power output by a

Generating Unit, initiated by free Speed Governor System
action in response to continuous minor fluctuations of
frequency on the Transmission System.

Frequency Sensitive Mode A Generating Unit operating mode which will result in Active
Power output changing, in response to a change in System
frequency, in a direction which assists in the recovery to target
frequency.

Generating Station An installation comprising one or more Generating Units (even

where sited separately) owned and/or controlled by the same
Generator, which may reasonably be considered as being
managed as one generating station.

Generating Unit An electrical generating unit coupled to a turbine within a

Generating Station together with all Plant and Apparatus
at that Station (up to the Connection Point) which relates
exclusively to the operation of that generating unit.

Generating Unit/Station A daily or weekly statement of Generating Plant in response to

Schedules change in Availability

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 Generation The process of producing electric Energy from other forms of
energy; also, the amount of electric Energy produced, usually
expressed in kilo watt hours (kWh) or mega watt hours (MWh).

Generation Planning The parameters involved in the planning of Generation.

Parameters

Generation Schedule A statement prepared and issued by the TSP pursuant to

Scheduling and Dispatch Code on a daily or more frequent basis
setting out which Generating Units will be required during the
Scheduled Day to meet demand, ensure Transmission System
integrity, and have available sufficient Operating Reserve to
satisfy any normal and abnormal requirements.

Generator A legal entity licensed to engage in the production of electricity

through a Generating Unit or Generating Station.

Generator Performance A diagram which shows the MW and Mvar capability limits
Chart within which a Generating Unit will be expected to operate
under steady state conditions.

Good Industry Practices Any of the practices, methods, and acts engaged in or approved
by a significant portion of the Electric Utility Industry during
the relevant time period which could have been expected to
accomplish the desired results at a reasonable cost consistent
with good business practices, reliably, safely and with
expedition.

Government The Government of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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 Governor Deadband The total magnitude of the change in steady state speed
(expressed as a range of ± Hz) within which there is no change
in the position of the governing valves of the Speed Governor
System.

Governor Droop The percentage drop in the frequency of a Generating Unit

that occurs when its output is increased from zero to its full
load.

Grid The High Voltage and Extra High Voltage backbone system
consisting of interconnected transmission lines, Substations,
and related facilities for the purpose of transporting of bulk
Power and Energy. Also termed as the Transmission System.

Grid Code The Saudi Arabian Grid Code.

Grid Code Supervisory The Committee constituted to supervise the functioning of

Committee (GCSC) the Grid Code and its modification, if required.

Ground Fault Factor The ratio of the highest RMS phase-to-ground Power frequency
voltage on a sound phase, at a selected location, during a Fault
to Ground affecting one or more phases, to the RMS phase-to-
ground Power frequency voltage that would be obtained at
the selected location with the Fault removed.

Grounding A conducting connection by which an electrical circuit or

Equipment is connected to earth or to some conducting body
of relatively large extent that serves as ground.

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 Harmonics Electric current or voltage that alternates at a frequency other
than, and usually an integer multiple of, the fundamental
frequency.

High Voltage (HV) A voltage level exceeding 69 kV up to 230 kV.

House Load Operation The operation of a Generating Unit which is isolated from the
Grid and is providing power supply only to the station load.

Implementing Party The party as defined in the Operating Code responsible for
implementing the Safety Precautions.

Incident (Notice) An unscheduled or unplanned occurrence on, or relating to, a

System including, Faults, Events and breakdowns and adverse
weather conditions being
experienced. (A notice regarding the above incident).

Indicative Generating Unit A notice/indication issued by the TSP to Generator showing

Synchronizing the Synchronization time of the Generating Units.

Indicative Outage Program An Outage Program for the Generating Units prepared by
(for Generation Outages) the TSP pursuant to Outage Planning section of Chapter
4: Operating Code, and covering years 4 and 5 ahead of the
current year.

Indicative Outage Program An Outage Program for the Transmission System Outages
(for Transmission Outages) prepared by the TSP pursuant to Outage Planning section of
Chapter 4: Operating Code, and covering years 2 and 3 ahead
of the current year.

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 Inflexible Planned Outage A Planned Outage the start date and start time of which cannot
be moved by TSP under Operating Code.

Instrument Transformer A transformer that is intended to reproduce, in its secondary

circuit, a voltage or current proportional to that of its primary
circuit, with its phase relations substantially preserved. These
transformers are utilized to provide indication for measuring,
control, or protective devices.

Interruptible Load A load which is available to be disconnected, either manually

or automatically, for restoration or control of the Power System
frequency by the TSP to cater for contingency events or
shortage of supply.

Interruption The loss of service to a User or a group of Users or other facilities.

An Interruption is the result of one or more component
Outages.

Isolation The complete electrical separation of a part or component

from the rest of the electrical system to ensure Safety when
that part or component is to be maintained or when electric
service is not required.

Refers to a license granted or deemed to be granted by the

License Electricity and Co-Generation Regulatory Authority of Saudi
Arabia.

Load Break Switch A switch that is capable of interrupting only normal load
currents.

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 Load Curtailment The Load Reduction obtained from Users who are able and
willing to curtail their usage of Power. These loads are to be
curtailed within one hour of the instruction being issued by
the TSP.

Load Reduction The condition in which a Scheduled Generating Unit,

Distribution Entity, or Directly-connected Customer reduces
electrical Power to the System to which it is Synchronized/
Connected.

Local Safety Instructions A set of instructions regarding the Safety Precautions on HV or

EHV Equipment to ensure the Safety of personnel carrying out
work or testing on the Transmission System or the User System.

Low Voltage A voltage level not exceeding 1,000 volts.

Main Meter The Meter designated at a metering point to provide

measurements at a metering point.

Maintenance Program A set of schedules, which are coordinated by the TSP, specifying
planned maintenance for Equipment in the Transmission
System or in any User System.

Manual Load Dropping The process of manually and deliberately removing pre-
selected loads from the Transmission System, in response to
an abnormal condition, and in order to maintain the integrity
of the System.

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 Material Effect A condition that has resulted or is expected to result in
problems involving Power Quality, System Reliability, System
Loss, Safety, or Stability. Such condition may require extensive
work, modification, or replacement of Equipment in the
Transmission System or the User System.

Maximum Demand The maximum hourly integrated Energy consumption

measured at the point of supply to a customer for a particular
year.

Meter A device for measuring or recording electrical Power, Energy,

and related quantities at a metering point.

Meter Certificate A certificate issued by the TSP certifying that the Meters and
Metering Equipment at the Metering Point comply with the
Metering Code requirements.

Meter Reconciliation A statement that provides comparison of the cumulative

Statement Energy recorded in the Meter register with the total Energy
derived from the Demand values recorded remotely.

Metering Equipment/ Meters, time switches, Instrument Transformers, metering

System/ Protection and Isolation Equipment, circuitry and their
Installation associated data storage and data communications equipment
and wiring which are part of the Active Energy and Reactive
Energy measuring or recording scheme at or related to a Site.

Metering Point The point of physical connection of the Meter to measure/

record the flow of electricity and related quantities.

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 Minimum Demand The margin of Active Power to provide a sufficient regulating
Regulation margin for Frequency Control.

Minimum Generation The minimum output in MW which a Generating Unit can

generate, as registered with the TSP under the Scheduling and
Dispatch Code.

Minimum Stable Loading The minimum Demand that a Generating Unit can safely
maintain for an indefinite period of time.

Negative Minimum The margin of Active Power to provide a sufficient regulating

Demand Regulation margin for Frequency Control.
(NMDR)

Negative Primary Response Automatic decrease in Active Power output of a Generating

Unit in response to a System frequency rise.

Net Declared Capability The maximum Active Power, expressed in whole MW, and
modified for ambient limitations, that a Generating Unit can
sustain less the auxiliary load, as declared by the Generator in
accordance with its Operating Characteristics.

Net Dependable Power The Capacity of a Generating Unit as notified to the TSP less the
Capacity MW consumed by the Generating Unit through the Generator
Unit transformer (the resultant expressed as a whole number
of MW).

Nominations A notice by the Generator in respect of a Generation Unit

submitted to the TSP in accordance with the requirements of
Scheduling and Dispatch Code.
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 Notice Any formal intimation issued by the TSP to a User relating to
any provision of the Grid Code.

Notice to Synchronize The notice given by the TSP to a Generator requiring a

Generating Unit to Synchronize with the Grid.

Notification of Inadequate A notice issues by the TSP to Generators and Distribution Entities
Operating Margin (NIOM) after 10:00 hours on any day pursuant to the provisions of the
Scheduling and Dispatch Code in anticipation of insufficient
Operating Margin in relation to the following Scheduled Day.

Offer of Connection A quotation letter together with the unsigned Connection

Agreement which forms the TSP’s Offer for Connection for
the User Facility to the Transmission System as the result of an
application for Connection of the Facility.

Operating Characteristics The technical capabilities, flexibilities and limitations for the
operation of a Generating Unit as registered or declared in
accordance with the provisions of the Grid Code.

Operating Margin The margin of Generation over the total Demand plus losses
that is necessary for ensuring Quality of supply and Security of
the Grid. Operating Margin is the sum of the Operating Reserve
and the Contingency Reserve.

Operating Reserve It is the additional MW output provided by Generating Unit/

Station, or reduction in Customer Demand, which must be
realizable in real time to contain and correct any potential
Transmission System frequency deviation to an acceptable
level.
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 Operation A scheduled or planned action relating to the operation of a
System.

Operation Diagram Diagrams which are a schematic representation of the HV and/

or EHV Apparatus and the connections to all external circuits
at a Connection Site, incorporating proper identification and
labeling.

Operational Data Data required under the Operating Code and/or Scheduling
and Dispatch Code.

Operational Date The date on which a User Connection is actually Energized by

the TSP.

Operational Effect Any effect on the operation of a System which causes the
Systems of the TSP or other Users to operate differently to
the way in which they would have normally operated in the
absence of that effect.

Operational Planning The Operational Planning forecast for the Generating Units
Phase Outages from 1 week to 5 years ahead of the real- time
operation.

Operational Tests Tests carried out by the TSP in order to maintain and develop
operational procedures, to train staff and to acquire information
in respect of Transmission System behavior under abnormal
System conditions, and also tests carried out by other Users
for similar purposes in respect of their Plant and/or Apparatus.

Operations Report An annual Report summarizing the occurrences of operation

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 Outage The state of a component or system when it is not available
to perform its intended function due to some event directly
associated with that component or system. An Outage may or
may not cause an Interruption of service to Users.

Partial Shutdown The situation existing when all Generation has ceased in part
of the Power System and there is no electricity supply from
external interconnection or any other part of the System.

Participant A legal entity registered with or licensed by the Regulator in

terms of the Electricity Law, as provider or User of Transmission
services.

Planned Outage An Outage of Equipment that is requested, negotiated,

scheduled and confirmed a minimum of 14(28 for Generators)
days prior to the maintenance or repairs taking place.

Plant Includes all Equipment (fixed or movable), other than Apparatus,

involved in the generating, transmitting, distributing, and
utilizing of electrical Energy.

Post Control Phase The period following real time operation.

Power Refer to Active Power

Power Factor The ratio of Active Power to Apparent Power.

Power Purchase (Supply) The agreement setting out the parameters and terms and
Agreement condition of purchase (supply) of Power from (to) any source
through legal contract.
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 Power System Any power system owned or operated by a User/TSP consisting
of Generating Units, Transmission System/ Distribution
Systems, or any other electric lines, Plant and Apparatus.

Power System Stabilizers A control device placed on a Generating Unit and used in
(PSS) conjunction with an AVR to provide additional control of
oscillations.

Preliminary Project The data relating to a proposed User Development at the time
Planning Data the User applies for a Connection Agreement or an Amended
Connection Agreement.

Primary Frequency Control The automatic increase (decrease) in Active Power in response
to a System frequency fall (rise).

Primary Response The automatic response of a Generating Unit to frequency

changes, released increasingly from zero to five seconds from
the time of frequency change, and which is fully available for
the next 5 seconds.

Primary Response Test A test to verify that the Primary Response of a Generating Unit
in MW/Hz is within ± five (5) percent of the required level of
response within five (5) seconds.

Programming Phase The period between Operational Planning Phase and the
Control Phase. It starts 8 weeks ahead of real time and finishes
with the issue of the Generation Schedule for the day ahead.

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 Project Planning Data The data that the TSP will require from Users applying for a new,
or modification of an existing, Connection. Project Planning
Data will be further classified into Preliminary Project Planning
Data, Committed Project Planning Data, or Registered Project
Planning Data.

Protection (Scheme or The means (scheme or system) including the Apparatus used
System) to detect, limit, and remove Faults from the Power System.

Provisional Outage Forecast Outage Program for the Generating Units/Station

Program (for Generation prepared by TSP for the calendar year 2 and 3.
Outages)

Provisional Outage Forecast Outage Program for the Transmission System Outages
Program (for Transmission prepared by TSP for the calendar year 1.
Outages)

Quality (of supply/service) With respect to electricity, technical attributes to a standard

referred to in the Grid Code.

Ramp Rate The rate, expressed in megawatts per minute, at which a

Generating Unit can increase or decrease its Power output.

Reactive Energy The integral of the Reactive Power with respect to time,
measured in varh or multiples thereof.

Reactive Power The product of voltage and current and the sine of the phase
angle between them measured in units of
volt-amperes reactive (var) and multiples thereof.

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 Reactive Power Support The production or absorption of Reactive Power from
Generators to maintain Transmission System voltage within
the specified limits.

Readiness to Connect A statement by a User, whose development is under

construction in accordance with a Connection Agreement and
who wishes to establish Connection with the Transmission
System, made to the TSP in writing, stating readiness to
connect and supplying all the requisite information and
documentation that the TSP may need as per the Connection
Agreement.

Red Alert An alert issued by the TSP to notify that either a Partial or a
Total Shutdown of the System has taken place.

Registered Capacity The Capacity registered with the TSP as a Standard Planning or
Detailed Planning Data requirement.

Registered Data Those items of Standard Planning Data and Detailed Planning
Data which upon connection become fixed.

Registered Fuel The fuel(s) registered under the Planning Code of the Grid
Code.

Registered Operating The values of a Generating Unit’s Operating Characteristics

Characteristics for operation of the Generating Unit registered with the TSP
pursuant to the Grid Code.

Registered Project The data submitted by a User to the TSP at the time of
Planning Data Connection of the User System to the Grid.
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 Regulator The Electricity and Co-Generation Regulatory Authority of
Saudi Arabia.

Regulatory Guidelines Guidelines issued by the Electricity and Co-Generation

Regulatory Authority of Saudi Arabia.

Reliability The degree of performance of the System that results in

electricity being delivered to customers within accepted
standards and in the amount desired. Reliability can be
addressed by considering two basic and functional aspects of
the System: Adequacy and Security.

Requesting Party The party as defined in the Operating Code that requests
Safety Precaution.

Responsible Engineer A person nominated by a User to be responsible for System

control for its System.

Responsible Manager A manager who has been duly authorized by a User or the TSP
to sign Site Responsibility Schedules on behalf of that User or
the TSP.

Safety Safety from the hazards arising from the live Equipment, Plant,
or other facilities of the Transmission System (or User System).

Safety Precautions Refers to the Isolation and Grounding of HV or EHV Equipment

when work or testing is to be done on, or in close proximity
to, the Transmission System or User System at the Connection
Point.

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 Safety Representative A person designated and authorized by the User or the TSP
to be responsible for the coordination of Safety Precautions
at the Connection Point for their respective sides when work
or testing is to be carried out on a System which requires the
provision of Safety Precautions for HV or EHV Equipment.

Safety Rules The rules that seek to safeguard personnel working on the Grid
(or User System) from the hazards arising from the Equipment
or the Transmission System (or User System).

Saudi Arabian Grid Code Refers to this document prepared originally by Saudi
Electricity Company and revised by National Grid SA pursuant
to the requirement of Condition 9 of the Transmission License
granted by ECRA to National Grid SA dated 15 April 2012.

Schedule Day The period from 0000 hours in the Schedule Day until 0000
hours on the next following Day.

Scheduling (Process) A process to determine which Unit or Equipment will be in

operation and at what loading level.

Scheduling and Dispatch The parameter(s) listed in the Scheduling and Dispatch
Parameter(s) Code under the heading Scheduling Parameters relating to
Generating Units/Station.

Secondary Frequency The automatic response to frequency which is fully available

Control 30 seconds from the time of frequency change to take over
from the Primary Response, and which is sustainable for at
least 30 minutes.

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 Secondary Operating It is the additional MW output (and/or reduction in Demand)
Reserve required compared to the pre-Incident output (or Demand),
which is fully available and sustainable over the period from 15
to 90 seconds following an Event.

Secondary Response Same as Secondary Frequency Control.

Security The ability of the Grid to withstand sudden disturbances

such as electric short circuits or unanticipated loss of system
elements.

Short Term Planned Maintenance plan requested by the Generator at any time in
Maintenance year 0, by giving not less than 7 days notice before earliest
start date.

Shutdown The condition of the Equipment when it is De-energized or

Disconnected from the System.

Significant Incident An Event on the Transmission System, a Distribution System, or

the System of any User that has a serious or widespread effect
on the Grid, the Distribution System, and/or the User System.

Significant Incident Report A report prepared after the occurrence of a Significant Incident
pursuant to section 4.5, Operational Liaison, of Chapter 4:
Operating Code.

Single Line Diagram Diagram which is a schematic representation of the HV/EHV

Apparatus and the connections to all external circuits at a
Connection Point incorporating its numbering, nomenclature,
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 Site Refers to a Substation or switchyard in the Grid or the User
System where the Connection Point is situated.

Site Responsibility A schedule containing the information and prepared on the

Schedule basis of the provisions set out in the Connection Code.

Special Action(s) The action(s), as defined in Chapter 5: Scheduling and Dispatch

Code, that the TSP may require a Generator, Distribution Entity,
or Directly-connected Customer to take in order to maintain
the integrity of the Grid.

Speed Governor System A system which will result in Active Power output of a
Generating Unit changing, in response to a change in System
frequency, in a direction which assists in the recovery to target
frequency.

Stability The ability of the dynamic components of the Power System

to return to a normal or stable operating point after being
subjected to some form of change or disturbance.

Standard Planning Data The general data required by the TSP from Users as part of
the application for a Connection Agreement or amended
Connection Agreement on a regular basis.

Start-up The process of bringing a Generating Unit from Shutdown to

synchronous speed.

Substation A site at which switching and/or transformation Equipment is

installed.

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 Supervisory Control and A system of remote control and telemetry used to monitor and
Data Acquisition (SCADA) control a Power System.

Synchronize The process of connecting Generating Units and/or

interconnected AC Systems when they operate at the same
frequency and where the phase angle displacements between
their voltages vary about a stable operating point. The term
synchronized, synchronizing, and the like shall be construed
accordingly.

System Refers to the Grid or Transmission System.

System Constraint A limitation on the use of a System due to lack of Transmission

Capacity or other System conditions.

System Emergency A Partial Shutdown or Total Shutdown or any other physical

Conditions or operational condition and/or occurrence on the System
which, in TSP’s opinion, is (i) imminently likely to endanger
or is endangering life or property; or (ii) is imminently likely
to impair or is impairing: (a) TSP’s ability to discharge any
statutory, regulatory or other legal obligation and/or (b) the
Safety and/or Reliability of the System.

System Protection A measure of the ability of the Protection to initiate successful

Dependability Index tripping of circuit-breakers associated with a faulty item of
Apparatus. It can be calculated using the following expression:

System Protection Dependability Index = 1 – (Number of Faults

when Protection failed to trip/Total number of Faults)

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 System Restoration The process by TSP to achieve restoration of supply, as safely
and as quickly as possible, after the occurrence of Partial or
Total Shutdown of the System.

System Restoration Plan A plan prepared and maintained by the TSP pursuant to
emergency control and System Restoration setting out
guidelines assisting those involved in System Restoration to
achieve System Restoration as safely and as quickly as possible.

System Services Services supplied to the TSP by Generators, Distribution

Entities, or Directly-connected Customers, necessary for the
reliable and secure transport of Power from Generators to
Distribution Entities and other Directly-connected Customers.

Technical Completion Shall have the meaning as defined in the relevant Connection
Certificate Agreement of a User with the TSP.

Tertiary Operating Reserve The additional MW output (and/or reduction in Demand)

which is fully available and sustainable over 90 seconds up to
30 minutes after initiation of a frequency change Event on the
Grid.

Test Coordinator The coordinator appointed by the TSP pursuant to the

provisions of the Operating Code.

Test Group A group of persons who is designated by the TSP to perform or

conduct the required Operational Test.

Test or Testing Test or testing carried out by the TSP in respect of a User’s
Equipment, Apparatus, or facilities.
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 Test Procedure A procedure that specifies the switching sequence and
proposed timing of the switching sequence, including
other activities deemed necessary and appropriate by the
Operational Test Group in carrying out the Operational Test.

Test Program A program to carry out test(s) or testing on the System.

Test Proponent Refers to the TSP or the User who plans to undertake an
Operational Test and who initiates an Operational Test Request.

Test Request A request by the TSP or a User to undertake an Operational

Test.

Total Harmonic Distortion The ratio of the root-mean-square value of the Harmonic
content to the root-mean-square value of the fundamental
quantity, expressed in percent.

Total Shutdown The situation existing when all Generation has ceased and
there is no electricity and, therefore, the Total System has
Shutdown with the result that it is not possible for the Total
System to begin to function again without TSP’s directions
relating to a Black Start.

Transmission Service The legal entity (Transmission Business Unit of the Saudi
Provider (TSP) Electricity Company) that is licensed to own and maintain
a network on the Transmission System (or has such right by
virtue of its historic existence for this purpose).

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 Transmission System The Transmission System consists of all lines and Substation
Equipment where the nominal voltage is ≥ 110 kV.
The Transmission system consists of:
• The Transmission System
• Assets Connected to the Transmission System
and belonging to the TSP.
• Generating Stations and networks linking such
Power Stations to the Transmission System
• The control area for which the TSP is responsible.
The Transmission System definition is not
linked to specific assets, but includes those
components of the electrical network that
have a measurable influence, at Transmission
level, on each other as they are operating as
one Power System. Also, has the same meaning
as Grid.

Transmission System When Transmission System interrupts due to any reason.

Outage

Under Frequency Relay An electrical relay that operates when the System frequency
decreases to a preset value.

Unplanned Outage Has the meaning as defined in section 4.3 of the Operating
Code.

Use of System Agreement An agreement between the TSP and a User setting out the
terms and conditions relating to the use of the Transmission
System.

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 User A person or entity that uses the Grid and its related facilities.
Also, a person or entity to which the Grid Code applies. Includes
prospective Users as well.

User Development Means either User’s Plant and/or Apparatus to be connected to

the Transmission System, or a modification relating to a User’s
Plant and/or Apparatus already connected to the Transmission
System, or a proposed new Connection or modification to the
existing Connection.

Voltage Control The strategy used by the TSP, Distribution Entity, Generator, or
User to maintain the voltage of the Grid, Distribution System,
or the User System within the limits prescribed in the Grid
Code.

Voltage Transformer (VT) Device that reduces system voltage down to proportional
values of 120 volts or less for use by a Protection System or
Meter.

Voluntary Load The agreed self-reduction of Demand by identified Users to

Curtailment assist in Frequency Control when Generation deficiency exists.

Yellow Alert An alert issued by the TSP to the Users when a single Event
would give rise to a reasonable possibility of failure to meet
the System Demand, or of frequency or voltage departing
significantly from normal, or if multiple Events are probable
due to prevailing weather conditions.

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