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ELEN90054 Probability and Random Models

This document contains 14 questions about probability and random variables. The questions cover topics such as the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of geometric and discrete random variables, probability mass functions (PMFs), plotting CDFs and PMFs, probability calculations involving Poisson, binomial, exponential and Gaussian distributions, and checking if a given function represents a valid probability density function (PDF).

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
50 views3 pages

ELEN90054 Probability and Random Models

This document contains 14 questions about probability and random variables. The questions cover topics such as the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of geometric and discrete random variables, probability mass functions (PMFs), plotting CDFs and PMFs, probability calculations involving Poisson, binomial, exponential and Gaussian distributions, and checking if a given function represents a valid probability density function (PDF).

Uploaded by

Angelo Wang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELEN90054 Probability and Random Models

Tutorial Workshop 2, 2016; week 4 = week of 21 March

 
1
1. Consider a geometric 4
random variable (RV). Find an expression for its CDF.

2. Define X to be a discrete RV with CDF





 0, x < −2
1
, −2 ≤ x < 0


4




 3
FX (x) = 8
, 0≤x<1

7
1≤x<4




 8
,


1, x ≥ 4

a. Plot this CDF, then find and plot the probability mass function (PMF) of X (plot by hand,
no MATLAB needed).
b. Find P [0 ≤ X < 4]

3. Let X be a discrete RV with PMF



2


 9
, x = −3

1

, x=1


6




pX (x) = α, x = 2


 1



 3
, x=4


 0,

else

a. What is the value of α?


b. Plot this PMF, then find and plot the CDF of X (plot by hand, no MATLAB needed).

4. (reading the question; translating the question into a more familiar question) Suppose
packets are lost in a communications network with probability 0.1. We send a packet every time
slot, from slot number 1 onwards. Let N be the number of time slots until we send a packet that
is lost. Assume that the packet loss is independent from slot to slot. What is the probability that
N > 20 ?

5. (reading the question; translating the question into a more familiar question) There
are three servers, S1 , S2 , S3 , in a computer network. Each computer that wishes to use the service
provided by these servers randomly and independently selects a server. The probability of choosing
a particular server is the same for each computer, namely:

P [S1 ] = 0.2
P [S2 ] = 0.3
P [S3 ] = 0.5. Suppose that the number of computers that log on is 5.

a. What is the probability that no computer connects to server 1?


b. What is the probability that one computer connects to S1 , one computer to S2 , and three
connect to S3 ?
6. Let time be divided into slots of 1sec duration each. During every slot, the probability of ”1
packet arriving” is 0.1, and the probability of ”no packets arriving” is 0.9.
a. In 10 seconds, what is the probability of 6 arrivals?
b. In 1000 seconds, what is the probability of 100 arrivals?

7. (reading the question; translating the question into a more familiar question) Suppose
that 105 passengers hold reservations for a flight from Melbourne to Brisbane. The airplane only
has 100 seats. Each passenger decides independently (with probability 0.9) whether to show up
for the flight. Find the probability that all passengers that show up get seats on the plane.
8. (reading the question; translating the question into a more familiar question) Voice
calls arrive at a private branch exchange (PBX) in such a way that the number of arrivals in 10
seconds is Poisson(10). Suppose the exchange starts with zero calls, and has 15 available circuits
(one circuit per voice call). If 15 circuits are in use, then the exchange must block new arrivals.
(a) What is the average rate of calls arriving to the PBX in calls per second? What is the average
rate in calls per minute?
(b) Compute the probability that the exchange has to block some voice calls during the first 10
second period. Assume that connected calls last much longer than 10 seconds.
9. Jimmy has decided to take a blood test. The waiting time for the result of the test is expo-
nentially distributed with an average waiting time of 2 hours. Jimmy takes the blood test at
1pm.
a. What is the probability that Jimmy waits less than 30 minutes?
b. What is the probability that Jimmy waits between 1 and 3 hours?
c. It is 5pm and Jimmy still hasn’t gotten his result yet. Find the probability that Jimmy waits
less than 30 more minutes. Compare your result to part (a).
10. Given a Gaussian random variable X ∼ N (0, σ 2 ), evaluate the following probabilities in terms
of the Q(·) function and σ. Please simplify all expressions so that there are no negative-valued
arguments within the Q(·) function.
a. P (X ≤ 7)
b. P (X > 5)
c. P (−7 < X ≤ 5)
d. P (|X − 2| ≤ 6)
e. P (1 ≤ |X − 2| ≤ 6)
11. Repeat part a) of the previous question for X ∼ N (3, σ 2 ).
12. Let X be a Poisson random variable (rv) with an unknown parameter. You are then told that
P [X = 0] = 14 . What is P [X = 3]?
13. Let X be a Binomial(7000,0.002) rv. Estimate P [20 ≤ X ≤ 23].
14. Consider the function (
2 2x
3
− 9
, 0≤x≤3
g(x) =
0, else
Check whether or not g(·) is a valid PDF. If it is, find the cumulative distribution function (CDF)
and plot it approximately.
End of Questions

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