DESIGN OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL FOR SECTION N1-N1:
1) Overall height of the wall = 7.1 m
3
2) Weight of soil = 18 KN/m
3) Top surface of the backing is level.
o
4) Angle of repose of the soil = 30
5) foundation shall not project on the front side
2
6) Safe bearing capacity of the soil = 300 Kn/m
3
Use grade of concrete = 25 Kn/m
For steel f e = 500 N/sqmm
Surcharge load (p) = 20000 N/sqm
Solution :
Thickness of the stem (top) = 250 mm
Overall height of the wall = 7.1 m
Width of the base slab 0.5 X7.1 = 3.55 m
OR, 0.6 X 7.1 = 4.26 m
Provide a base width of = 3.85 m
Thickness of base slab = 0.65 m
Height of stem = 6.45 m
o
Angle of surcharge = 0
Earth pressure coefficient (ka) = 0.333
Calculations:
Earth pressure at base (ka g h) = 42557.4 N/sqm
Surcharge pressure (ka x p ) = 6660 N/sqm
Load due to earth fill 1/2 x (ka g h) x h x 1m = 151078.8 N
Load due to surcharge (ka x p )x h x 1m = 47286 N
Depth of base slab :
Consider 1 metre run of the wall
Moment due to earth fill (7.1/3)*151078.77 = 357553 Nm
Moment due to surcharge 0.5*7.1*47286 = 167865.3 Nm
Total moment = 525418 Nm
Ultimate moment Mu = 788127.58 Nm
Depth (d) = 477.96 mm
Total thickness required (using cover 40 mm) = 518 mm
Provided the thickness of Stem = 650 mm
Stability calculation for 1 metre length of the wall .
Magnitude of the Moment about a
Load due to Distance from a(m)
load (N)(W) (Nm)(Mw)
W1 = 0.25 x 7.1 x 25000 44375 3.025 134234.38
0.5 x 0.4 x 7.1 x 25000 35500 2.63 93365
W2 = 0.65 x 2.5 x 25000 40625 1.25 50781.25
Wb= 0.7 x 3.55 x 18000 319500 1.25 399375.00
W3 = 0.65 x 0.7 x 25000 11375 3.5 39812.50
Wa= 2.5 x 7.1 x 18000 44730 3.5 156555.00
Wt= 20000 x 2.5 50000 1.25 62500
Moment of lateral pressure
357553.09
kp = 0.333 x 18000 x 7.1^3 / 6
Total 546105 1294176.22
W1 = Load due to Stem.
W2 = Load due to Heel slab
Wb = Load due to Soil
Wt = Load due to Surcharge
Distance of the point of application of the resultant force from the heel end a
z = 2.37 m
Eccentricity e = z - b/2 = 0.445 m
b/6 = 0.641667
If e < b/6 , Extreme pressure intensity at base
= P = W/b (1 ± 6e/b) Pmax = 240216.2 N/sqm
Pmin = 43474.7 N/sqm
Hence ok
Design of the Stem:
Maximum BM (Mu ) = 788127.5835 Nm
Effective depth (d) = 610 mm
Mu/bd2 = 2.12
Percentage of steel (pt ) = 0.547566 %
Using Pt = 0.547566 %
Required steel Ast = 3340.2 sqmm
Using dia of bar = 20 mm
Specing required = 94.01 mm
Provide 20 # bar @ 100 mm c/c
Distribution steel = 0.12% of bd = 780 sqmm
Using dia of bar = 12 mm
Specing required = 144.9 mm
Provide 12 # bar @ 100 mm c/c
Design of the heel slab :
B.M Calculation for a 1 m wide strip of the heel slab :
Magnitude of the Moment about b
Load due to Distance from b(m)
load(N) (Nm)
Soil 2.5 x 7.1 x 18000 319500 1.25 399375.0
surcharge 20000 x 2.5 50000 1.25 62500.0
DL of heel slab 2.5 x 0.65 x 25000 40625 1.25 50781.3
512656.3
Deduct for upward pressure
a b g f 2.5 x 43474.71 108686.8 1.25 135858.5
e g f 0.5 x 127754.21 x 2.5 159692.8 0.83 132545.0
Total deduction 268403.5
B M for heel slab 244252.8
B.M for the heel slab (top tension) = 244252.8 Nm
Ultimate moment = 366379.2 Nm
d required = 325.8786 mm
Provided = 650 mm
Using cover = 50 mm
Effective depth = 600 mm
Mu/bd2 = 1.02 N/sqmm
Percentage of steel (pt ) = 0.24678 %
Provided (Pt) = 0.3 %
Required steel Ast = 1800 sq mm
Using dia of bar = 20 mm
Specing required = 174.44 mm
Provide 20 # bar @ 150 mm c/c
Distribution steel = 0.12% of bd = 780 sqmm
Using dia of bar = 12 mm
Specing required = 144.9 mm
Provide 12 # bar @ 200 mm c/c
Check for Heel slab to resist shear:
Average Stress = 91765.8 N/sqm
Shear Force V = 91765.8 N
Ultimate shear force Vu = 137648.7 N
Shear stress tv = Vu/bd = 0.229 N/sqmm
pt, % of tension steel provided in critical section = 0.3 %
As per cls. 4.1 ,SP-16
b = 9.7
tc Allowable shear stress = 0.395 N/sqmm Hence Ok
Design of toe Slab:
Magnitude of the Moment about b
Load due to Distance from c(m)
load(N) (Nm)
Soil 0.7 x 3.55 x 18000 44730 0.35 15655.5
DL of heel slab 0.7 x 0.65 x 25000 11375 0.35 3981.3
19636.8
Deduct for upward pressure
x c y d 0.7 x 204445.02 143111.5 0.35 50089.0
y d z 0.5 x 35771.1783471074 x 0.7 12519.9 0.47 5884.4
Total deduction 55973.4
B M for Toe slab 36336.6
B.M for the Toe slab (Bottom tension) = 36336.6 Nm
Ultimate moment = 54504.96 Nm
d required = 325.8786
Provided = 650 mm
Using cover = 50 mm
Effective depth = 600 mm
Mu/bd2 = 0.15 N/sqmm
Percentage of steel (pt ) = 0.034741 %
Provided (Pt) = 0.15 %
Required steel Ast = 900 sq mm
Using dia of bar = 16 mm
Specing required = 223.29 mm
Provide 16 # bar @ 200 mm c/c
Distribution steel = 0.12% of bd = 720 sqmm
Using dia of bar = 12 mm
Specing required = 157.0 mm
Provide 12 # bar @ 150 mm c/c
Check for Heel slab to resist shear:
Average Stress = 222330.6 N/sqm
Shear Force V = 22233.06 N
Ultimate shear force Vu = 33349.59 N
Shear stress tv = Vu/bd = 0.056 N/sqmm
pt, % of tension steel provided in critical section = 0.15 %
As per cls. 4.1 ,SP-16
b = 19.4
tc Allowable shear stress = 0.291 N/sqmm Hence Ok
Stability check:
Overturning Check:
Total Overturning Moment (M0) = 525.42 Kn-m
Distance of resultant vertical force from heel end:
Xw =Mw/W = 1294176.215/546105 = 2.37 m
Stabilising moment: Mr = W (B - Xw)
546.105 x (3.85 - 2.37) = 808.2354 Knm
Factor of safety against overturning =
0.9 x Mr / Mo = = 1.38 < 1.4
Not Safe
DESIGN OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL FOR SECTION N2-N2:
1) Overall height of the wall = 4.55 m
3
2) Weight of soil = 18 KN/m
3) Top surface of the backing is level.
o
4) Angle of repose of the soil = 30
5) foundation shall not project on the front side
2
6) Safe bearing capacity of the soil = 300 Kn/m
3
Use grade of concrete = 25 Kn/m
For steel f e = 500 N/sqmm
Surcharge load (p) = 20000 N/sqm
Solution :
Thickness of the stem (top) = 250 mm
Overall height of the wall = 4.55 m
Width of the base slab 0.5 X4.55 = 2.275 m
OR, 0.6 X 4.55 = 2.73 m
Provide a base width of = 3 m
Thickness of base slab = 0.55 m
Height of stem = 4 m
o
Angle of surcharge = 0
Earth pressure coefficient (ka) = 0.333
Calculations:
Earth pressure at base (ka g h) = 27272.7 N/sqm
Surcharge pressure (ka x p ) = 6660 N/sqm
Load due to earth fill 1/2 x (ka g h) x h x 1m = 62045.4 N
Load due to surcharge (ka x p )x h x 1m = 30303 N
Depth of base slab :
Consider 1 metre run of the wall
Moment due to earth fill (4.55/3)*62045.3925 = 94102 Nm
Moment due to surcharge 0.5*4.55*30303 = 68939.3 Nm
Total moment = 163042 Nm
Ultimate moment Mu = 244562.26 Nm
Depth (d) = 266.25 mm
Total thickness required (using cover 40 mm) = 306.2 mm
Provided the thickness of Stem = 550 mm
Stability calculation for 1 metre length of the wall .
Magnitude of the Moment about a
Load due to Distance from a(m)
load (N)(W) (Nm)(Mw)
W1 = 0.25 x 4.55 x 25000 28437.5 2.175 61851.56
0.5 x 0.3 x 4.55 x 25000 17062.5 1.85 31565.625
W2 = 0.55 x 1.75 x 25000 24062.5 0.875 21054.69
Wb= 0.7 x 1 x 18000 143325 0.875 125409.38
W3 = 0.55 x 0.7 x 25000 9625 2.65 25506.25
Wa= 1.75 x 4.55 x 18000 12600 2.65 33390.00
Wt= 20000 x 1.75 35000 0.875 30625
Moment of lateral pressure
94102.18
kp = 0.333 x 18000 x 4.55^3 / 6
Total 270112.5 423504.68
W1 = Load due to Stem.
W2 = Load due to Heel slab
Wb = Load due to Soil
Wt = Load due to Surcharge
Distance of the point of application of the resultant force from the heel end a
z = 1.57 m
Eccentricity e = z - b/2 = 0.07 m
b/6 = 0.5
If e < b/6 , Extreme pressure intensity at base
= P = W/b (1 ± 6e/b) Pmax = 102642.8 N/sqm
Pmin = 77432.3 N/sqm
Hence ok
Design of the Stem:
Maximum BM (Mu ) = 244562.2554 Nm
Effective depth (d) = 510 mm
Mu/bd2 = 0.94
Percentage of steel (pt ) = 0.226457 %
Using Pt = 0.226457 %
Required steel Ast = 1154.9 sqmm
Using dia of bar = 16 mm
Specing required = 174.00 mm
Provide 16 # bar @ 150 mm c/c
Distribution steel = 0.12% of bd = 660 sqmm
Using dia of bar = 10 mm
Specing required = 118.9 mm
Provide 10 # bar @ 125 mm c/c
Design of the heel slab :
B.M Calculation for a 1 m wide strip of the heel slab :
Magnitude of the Moment about b
Load due to Distance from b(m)
load(N) (Nm)
Soil 1.75 x 4.55 x 18000 143325 0.875 125409.4
surcharge 20000 x 1.75 35000 0.875 30625.0
DL of heel slab 1.75 x 0.55 x 25000 24062.5 0.875 21054.7
177089.1
Deduct for upward pressure
a b g f 1.75 x 77432.25 135506.4 0.875 118568.1
e g f 0.5 x 14706.13 x 1.75 12867.9 0.58 7463.4
Total deduction 126031.5
B M for heel slab 51057.6
B.M for the heel slab (top tension) = 51057.56 Nm
Ultimate moment = 76586.34 Nm
d required = 148.9931 mm
Provided = 550 mm
Using cover = 50 mm
Effective depth = 500 mm
Mu/bd2 = 0.31 N/sqmm
Percentage of steel (pt ) = 0.072347 %
Provided (Pt) = 0.12 %
Required steel Ast = 600 sq mm
Using dia of bar = 12 mm
Specing required = 188.40 mm
Provide 12 # bar @ 150 mm c/c
Distribution steel = 0.12% of bd = 660 sqmm
Using dia of bar = 10 mm
Specing required = 118.9 mm
Provide 10 # bar @ 125 mm c/c
Check for Heel slab to resist shear:
Average Stress = 82642.42 N/sqm
Shear Force V = 82642.42 N
Ultimate shear force Vu = 123963.6 N
Shear stress tv = Vu/bd = 0.248 N/sqmm
pt, % of tension steel provided in critical section = 0.12 %
As per cls. 4.1 ,SP-16
b = 24.2
tc Allowable shear stress = 0.263 N/sqmm Hence Ok
Design of toe Slab:
Magnitude of the Moment about b
Load due to Distance from c(m)
load(N) (Nm)
Soil 0.7 x 1 x 18000 12600 0.35 4410.0
DL of heel slab 0.7 x 0.55 x 25000 9625 0.35 3368.8
7778.8
Deduct for upward pressure
x c y d 0.7 x 96760.3 67732.2 0.35 23706.3
y d z 0.5 x 5882.45000000003 x 0.7 2058.9 0.47 967.7
Total deduction 24673.9
B M for Toe slab 16895.2
B.M for the Toe slab (Bottom tension) = 16895.2 Nm
Ultimate moment = 25342.77 Nm
d required = 148.9931
Provided = 550 mm
Using cover = 50 mm
Effective depth = 500 mm
Mu/bd2 = 0.1 N/sqmm
Percentage of steel (pt ) = 0.023107 %
Provided (Pt) = 0.12 %
Required steel Ast = 600 sq mm
Using dia of bar = 12 mm
Specing required = 188.40 mm
Provide 12 # bar @ 150 mm c/c
Distribution steel = 0.12% of bd = 600 sqmm
Using dia of bar = 10 mm
Specing required = 130.8 mm
Provide 10 # bar @ 125 mm c/c
Check for Heel slab to resist shear:
Average Stress = 99701.53 N/sqm
Shear Force V = 19940.31 N
Ultimate shear force Vu = 29910.46 N
Shear stress tv = Vu/bd = 0.060 N/sqmm
pt, % of tension steel provided in critical section = 0.12 %
As per cls. 4.1 ,SP-16
b = 24.2
tc Allowable shear stress = 0.263 N/sqmm Hence Ok
Stability check:
Overturning Check:
Total Overturning Moment (M0) = 163.04 Kn-m
Distance of resultant vertical force from heel end:
Xw =Mw/W = 423504.68/270112.5 = 1.57 m
Stabilising moment: Mr = W (B - Xw)
270.1125 x (3 - 1.57) = 386.2609 Knm
Factor of safety against overturning =
0.9 x Mr / Mo = = 2.13 > 1.4
Safe
DESIGN OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL FOR SECTION N3-N3:
1) Overall height of the wall = 6.55 m
3
2) Weight of soil = 18 KN/m
3) Top surface of the backing is level.
o
4) Angle of repose of the soil = 30
5) foundation shall not project on the front side
2
6) Safe bearing capacity of the soil = 300 Kn/m
3
Use grade of concrete = 25 Kn/m
For steel f e = 500 N/sqmm
Surcharge load (p) = 20000 N/sqm
Solution :
Thickness of the stem (top) = 250 mm
Overall height of the wall = 6.55 m
Width of the base slab 0.5 X6.55 = 3.275 m
OR, 0.6 X 6.55 = 3.93 m
Provide a base width of = 3.85 m
Thickness of base slab = 0.65 m
Height of stem = 5.9 m
o
Angle of surcharge = 0
Earth pressure coefficient (ka) = 0.333
Calculations:
Earth pressure at base (ka g h) = 39260.7 N/sqm
Surcharge pressure (ka x p ) = 6660 N/sqm
Load due to earth fill 1/2 x (ka g h) x h x 1m = 128578.8 N
Load due to surcharge (ka x p )x h x 1m = 43623 N
Depth of base slab :
Consider 1 metre run of the wall
Moment due to earth fill (6.55/3)*128578.7925 = 280730 Nm
Moment due to surcharge 0.5*6.55*43623 = 142865.3 Nm
Total moment = 423596 Nm
Ultimate moment Mu = 635393.53 Nm
Depth (d) = 429.15 mm
Total thickness required (using cover 40 mm) = 469.2 mm
Provided the thickness of Stem = 650 mm
Stability calculation for 1 metre length of the wall .
Magnitude of the Moment about a
Load due to Distance from a(m)
load (N)(W) (Nm)(Mw)
W1 = 0.25 x 6.55 x 25000 40937.5 3.025 123835.94
0.5 x 0.4 x 6.55 x 25000 32750 2.63 86132.5
W2 = 0.65 x 2.5 x 25000 40625 1.25 50781.25
Wb= 0.7 x 1 x 18000 294750 1.25 368437.50
W3 = 0.65 x 0.7 x 25000 11375 3.5 39812.50
Wa= 2.5 x 6.55 x 18000 12600 3.5 44100.00
Wt= 20000 x 2.5 50000 1.25 62500
Moment of lateral pressure
280730.36
kp = 0.333 x 18000 x 6.55^3 / 6
Total 483037.5 1056330.05
W1 = Load due to Stem.
W2 = Load due to Heel slab
Wb = Load due to Soil
Wt = Load due to Surcharge
Distance of the point of application of the resultant force from the heel end a
z = 2.19 m
Eccentricity e = z - b/2 = 0.265 m
b/6 = 0.641667
If e < b/6 , Extreme pressure intensity at base
= P = W/b (1 ± 6e/b) Pmax = 177279.4 N/sqm
Pmin = 73649.2 N/sqm
Hence ok
Design of the Stem:
Maximum BM (Mu ) = 635393.5329 Nm
Effective depth (d) = 610 mm
Mu/bd2 = 1.71
Percentage of steel (pt ) = 0.430338 %
Using Pt = 0.430338 %
Required steel Ast = 2625.1 sqmm
Using dia of bar = 20 mm
Specing required = 119.62 mm
Provide 20 # bar @ 100 mm c/c
Distribution steel = 0.12% of bd = 780 sqmm
Using dia of bar = 12 mm
Specing required = 144.9 mm
Provide 12 # bar @ 125 mm c/c
Design of the heel slab :
B.M Calculation for a 1 m wide strip of the heel slab :
Magnitude of the Moment about b
Load due to Distance from b(m)
load(N) (Nm)
Soil 2.5 x 6.55 x 18000 294750 1.25 368437.5
surcharge 20000 x 2.5 50000 1.25 62500.0
DL of heel slab 2.5 x 0.65 x 25000 40625 1.25 50781.3
481718.8
Deduct for upward pressure
a b g f 2.5 x 73649.17 184122.9 1.25 230153.7
e g f 0.5 x 67292.36 x 2.5 84115.5 0.83 69815.8
Total deduction 299969.5
B M for heel slab 181749.3
B.M for the heel slab (top tension) = 181749.3 Nm
Ultimate moment = 272623.9 Nm
d required = 281.1075 mm
Provided = 650 mm
Using cover = 50 mm
Effective depth = 600 mm
Mu/bd2 = 0.76 N/sqmm
Percentage of steel (pt ) = 0.18138 %
Provided (Pt) = 0.18 %
Required steel Ast = 1080 sq mm
Using dia of bar = 16 mm
Specing required = 186.07 mm
Provide 16 # bar @ 150 mm c/c
Distribution steel = 0.12% of bd = 780 sqmm
Using dia of bar = 12 mm
Specing required = 144.9 mm
Provide 12 # bar @ 125 mm c/c
Check for Heel slab to resist shear:
Average Stress = 99085.68 N/sqm
Shear Force V = 99085.68 N
Ultimate shear force Vu = 148628.5 N
Shear stress tv = Vu/bd = 0.248 N/sqmm
pt, % of tension steel provided in critical section = 0.18 %
As per cls. 4.1 ,SP-16
b = 16.1
tc Allowable shear stress = 0.316 N/sqmm Hence Ok
Design of toe Slab:
Magnitude of the Moment about b
Load due to Distance from c(m)
load(N) (Nm)
Soil 0.7 x 1 x 18000 12600 0.35 4410.0
DL of heel slab 0.7 x 0.65 x 25000 11375 0.35 3981.3
8391.3
Deduct for upward pressure
x c y d 0.7 x 158437.55 110906.3 0.35 38817.2
y d z 0.5 x 18841.8563079777 x 0.7 6594.6 0.47 3099.5
Total deduction 41916.7
B M for Toe slab 33525.4
B.M for the Toe slab (Bottom tension) = 33525.4 Nm
Ultimate moment = 50288.16 Nm
d required = 281.1075
Provided = 650 mm
Using cover = 50 mm
Effective depth = 600 mm
Mu/bd2 = 0.14 N/sqmm
Percentage of steel (pt ) = 0.03241 %
Provided (Pt) = 0.12 %
Required steel Ast = 720 sq mm
Using dia of bar = 16 mm
Specing required = 279.11 mm
Provide 16 # bar @ 200 mm c/c
Distribution steel = 0.12% of bd = 720 sqmm
Using dia of bar = 12 mm
Specing required = 157.0 mm
Provide 12 # bar @ 125 mm c/c
Check for Heel slab to resist shear:
Average Stress = 167858.5 N/sqm
Shear Force V = 16785.85 N
Ultimate shear force Vu = 25178.77 N
Shear stress tv = Vu/bd = 0.042 N/sqmm
pt, % of tension steel provided in critical section = 0.12 %
As per cls. 4.1 ,SP-16
b = 24.2
tc Allowable shear stress = 0.263 N/sqmm Hence Ok
Stability check:
Overturning Check:
Total Overturning Moment (M0) = 423.60 Kn-m
Distance of resultant vertical force from heel end:
Xw =Mw/W = 1056330.0475/483037.5 = 2.19 m
Stabilising moment: Mr = W (B - Xw)
483.0375 x (3.85 - 2.19) = 801.8423 Knm
Factor of safety against overturning =
0.9 x Mr / Mo = = 1.70 > 1.4
Safe
