Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Chapter 5
1 a extension = length when stretched − original Student must measure:
length ◆ length of spring when weights added [1]
◆ unstretched length of spring [1]
b graph B
◆ repeated for at least five different weights. [1]
2 a The extension of a spring is proportional to the
load, provided the limit of proportionality is 8 a Load / N Length / cm Extension / cm
not exceeded. 0.0 83.0 0.0
b load = stiffness × extension 5.0 87.0 4.0 [1]
c See Figure 5.7a. 10.0 91.0 8.0 [1]
3 a increases 15.0 95.0 12.0 [1]

b decreases 20.0 99.0 16.0 [1]

c increases
b 2.0
d decreases

4 a pressure = force 1.5

area
Extension / cm

b P= F 1.0
A
c
Quantity Unit 0.5
force N
area m2 0
0 5 10 15 20
pressure Pa Load / N

horizontal axis and scale correct [1]

5 a A fluid is a liquid or a gas; any substance that
vertical axis and scale correct [1]
can flow.
five points correctly plotted and graph drawn
b g = 10 m/s2 through points [1]
c P = hρg 9 a See Figure 5.14.
6 extension = change in length [1] Diagram showing:
= 66 – 58 [1] ◆ vertical tube with closed upper end [1]
= 8.0 cm [1] ◆ open end submerged in
mercury reservoir [1]
7 See Activity 5.1.
◆ mercury in tube continuous from
Diagram or list indicating:
reservoir up to empty (vacuum)
◆ spring hanging vertically from clamp [1]
space near top [1]
◆ weights hanging from end of spring [1]
◆ ruler. [1]

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Physics Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 5 1
 b An increase in atmospheric pressure causes
the level of mercury in the tube to rise / the
length of the mercury column to increase. [1]
10 If you stand upright, your weight is pressing
down on a small area. [1]
This gives a high pressure. [1]
If you use a ladder, the pressure is less because
your weight is spread over a greater area. [1]
11 extension for 5 N is 15 – 12 = 3.0 cm [1]
extension for 15 N is 3 × 3 cm = 9.0 cm [1]
length is 12 + 9 = 21 cm [1]
12 a
Load / N 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Length / m 3.200 3.207 3.215 3.222 3.230 3.242 3.255 3.270
Extension / mm 0 7 15 22 30 42 55 70 [4]

b 80 14 pressure = height × density × g [1]

= 0.760 × 13 600 × 10 [1]
60
= 103 400 N/m2 [1]
Extension / mm

15 a extension indicated between two broken

lines [1]
40
b i four points correctly plotted [2]
straight line through points and origin [1]
20
ii proportional [1]
0 iii 1 newton(s) [1]
0 20 40 60 80
2 extension = 25 − 26 mm [1]
Load / N
length = 75 − 76 mm [1]
horizontal axis and scale correct [1] 16 a wall A has bigger area [1]
vertical axis and scale correct [1] so lower pressure (on soil) [1]
eight points correctly plotted [1]
b i two from
graph drawn through points [1]
◆ depth/height of air/atmosphere
c Draw up from 25 N to intersect ◆ density of air/atmosphere
graph line, [1] ◆ acceleration due to gravity or weight
from this intersection, go across of air [2]
to axis, 19 mm [1]
ii 1 the same as [1]
d the point where the graph line 2 greater than or four times [2]
ceases to be straight [1]
40 N approximately [1]
13 a force = pressure × area [1]
= 100 000 × 2.0 × 1.25 [1]
= 250 000 N [1]
b There are equal forces on both
sides of the window. [1]

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Physics Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 5 2