1.

BASICS OF HYDRAULICS( )

LIQUIDS HAVE NO SHAPE OF THEIR OWN

H0001
2. BASICS OF HYDRAULICS( )

LIQUIDS WILL NOT COMPRESS

H0002
3. BASICS OF HYDRAULICS( )

LIQUIDS TRANSMIT APPLIED PRESSURE IN ALL DIRECTIONS

H0003
4. BASICS OF HYDRAULICS( )

10
1

1Sq. 10Sq.
In In

LIQUIDS PROVIDE GREAT INCREASES IN WORK FORCE

H0004
F P A
A1 A2 P2 P1
F

A1 A2

H0005
 F1

A1

A5
F5
F2
A2 100 bar

A3 A4

F3 F4

H0006
 F1
F2

A1

A2

F1 F2 F1 F2
P1 P2 P1 P2
A1 A2 A1 A2

H0007
 F2

A2
F1

A1

H0008
 F2

Piston 1
A1

S2
Piston 2
S1
F1 A2

V1 S1 A1 V2 S2 A2 V1 V2

H0009
 F2
S2

A2
F1

A1

S1

H0010
HYDRAULIC BOOSTER

F1

P2
P1
A2
A1

A2 A1 P2 P1

H0011
HYDRAULIC BOOSTER

A1

A2

P1

F
A1 A2

H0012
- Pressure-setting of discharge valve : 300bars.
- Cylinder : surface on large chamber side : 100cm2
- Cylinder : surface on small chamber side : 50cm2
- Pressure-gauge graduated from : 0 to 600bars.

- Pressure (bars) X Surface (cm2) = Force(daN)

300 x 100 = 30000 daN
Force (large chamber)
= Pressure (small chamber side)
Surface (small chamber)
30000
= 600 bars.
50

600b

300b

1
H0013
 30000 daN

20000 daN

200b 0b

300b 300b

2
3
30000 - 20000 = 10000daN
10000 - Pressure on large chamber side = 300 bars.
= 200 bars
50 - Force of cylinder on large chamber side
= 300 x 100 = 30000 daN
- This is opposed by a force of 30,000 daN everted
by a load, equal to that of the cylinder.
- Therefore no force is available and no pressure is
available on the small chamber side.

H0014
- Pressure-setting of
60000 daN
discharge valve : 300 bars.
- Cylinders A and B :
surface of large chamber : 100m2
surface of small chamber : 50cm2.

300b

B A 1

- Cylinder A :
20000 daN 20000 daN
Existing force : 300 x 100 = 30000 daN
Force used : (load) = 20000 daN
Force available : = 10000 daN

Pressure available : 300b

10000 = 200 bars.
50

- Cylinder B :
Force available : 200 x 10 = 20000 daN

B A
2

H0015
 25000 daN
10000 daN

300b

B A 3

- Cylinder A : Force on large chamber side : 300 x 100 = 30000 daN

Opposing force(load) : 25000 daN
Force available : 5000 daN
Pressure available (small chamber) : 5000
= 100bars
50
- Cylinder B : As the maximum pressure available on the large chamber side only amounts to 100 bars,
its force cannot exceed : 100(b) x 100(cm2) = 10,000 daN

H0016
 Time (t)

V Q m S
3

V m 3

t S
Q
t

H0017
 S1 S3
S2

Time (t)

Q A1 Q
A2
A3

H0018
 02
P2 2

01

P1
h2
h1

H0019
Vm

Vmax

H0020
 F1 Time (t) F2

A1 A2

V1

A3 A4 A3

V3 V4

H0021
H0022
H0023
 W

A B

P T P=PXQ
P : kg m/s
2
P : kg/cm
Q : m/s

P
M
T

H0024
HYDRAULIC HORSE POWER

2
kg 1000cm
kg/cm X L/min = 2X
cm min
20,000kg
100 kg - cm
=
6 sec
kg - m
=
6 sec

1 HP = 75kg - m/sec

100cm
2
90L/min pXQ pXQ
P= =
75 X 6 450

H0025
 F
V

A B

P T

P
M
T

H0026
CAVITATION

- 0,3 bar
V3 V4
V3 V4

H0027
 Q A3

P2
A2
P1
A
A1

o
C

Q A3

A2

A1

o
C

H0028
F F

A1 A2

1 2 3

H0029
CHECK VALVE

IN OUT

H0030
HY'D TANK

H0031
HY'D TANK

H0032
HYDRAULIC TANK

H0033
FILTER

M
M M

H0034
FILTER

H0035
FILTER

H0036
dn

Wn

H0037
AIR BREATHER

H0038
BREATHER

H0039
HY'D PUMPS

H0040
GEAR PUMP

H0041
GEAR PUMP

Pressure distribution

Resultant force Driving gear

Suction side Discharge side

Driven gear

H0042
GEAR PUMP

H0043
GEAR PUMP

Side plate

Relieving recess

Beginning of trap

Contracted to minimun

End of trap

H0044
PISTON PUMP

H0045
PISTON PUMP

H0046
MAIN PUMP(piston pump)

H0047
PUMP REGULATOR

Pi
A

P2 P1

View C Section B-B Pf

Pi

A
B

A B

Section A-A

H0048
PUMP REGULATOR

H0049
REGULATOR

ADJUSTMENT OF ADJUSTMENT OF
MAXIMUM FLOW MINIMUM FLOW
Delivery flow, Q

Pilot pressure Pi Delivery flow, Q Pilot pressure Pi

H0050
 ADJUSTMENT OF ADJUSTMENT OF ADJUSTMENT OF
OUTER SPRING INNER SPRING NEGATIVE CONTROL
CHARATERISTIC
Delivery flow, Q

Delivery flow, Q

Delivery flow, Q
Delivery pressure, (P1+P2) Delivery pressure, (P1+P2) Pilot pressure, Pi

H0051
MAIN PUMP CIRCUITS
A1(PL) A2(PR)
a4
Psy

a1 a2

pi1 pi2
(Fr) (FI)

a3
ENGINE

Dr
H0052
H0053
H0054
H0055
MAIN RELIEF VALVE

H0056
Load check valve

H0057
Port relief valve

H0058
 Series valve

Parallel valve
Tandem valve

H0059
Tandem valve

A
a a

b
B

H0060
PARALLEL VALVE

A
A

a
a

b
B
b

H0061
PARALLEL-TYPE VALVE

H0062
PARALLEL-TYPE POWER SUPPLY

A B B

(a) (b)

B B

(c) (d)
H0063
DISTROBUTION OF FLOWS

H0064
SERIES VALVE

A A

a a

b B

H0065
SERIES-TYPE VALVE

H0066
SERIES -TYPE POWER -SUPPLY

A B B

(a) (b)

A B

(c) (d)
H0067
SPOOL

H0068
MAIN RELIEF VALVE

Pilot poppet B
Spring C Main poppet A
Piston D
d1
d2
From
pump port
(Py)

1
Pilot signal : OFF
Tank passage
4 3 2

H0069
MAIN RELIEF VALVE

H0070
MAIN RELIEF VALVE

Main poppet A

d1
d2
From
pump port

4 3 2 Tank passage

H0071
MAIN RELIEF VALVE

Spring C
Piston D

(Py)

Pilot signal : ON

H0072
PORT RELIEF VALVE

H0073
PORT RELIEF VALVE

H0074
PILOT CHECK VALVE

OUT
PP

DR

IN

PP OUT
IN
DR

H0075
PILOT CHECK VALVE

B1 B2

B1 B2

A1 A2

B1 B2

A1 A2

A1 A2

H0076
REDUCING VALVE

H0077
REMOTE CONTROL VALVE(joy stick)

A B

H0078
REMOTE CONTROL VALVE(joy stick)

A B

H0079
REMOTE CONTROL VALVE

3 2

P T

1
4

H0080
A

View A

CÐC

P T
C C

1 32 4

Hydraulic symbol

B B

B-B

H0081
RCV OPERATION

1 3
P T

H0082
 (kgf/cm2) (MPa) Port 2, 4 (N á m) (kgf á cm)
40.8 4.0 4.0 40.8
40 3.9
35 3.4
33 3.2
30.6 3.0 3.0 30.6
2.81(3.9Kpa) 28.7(40kgf/cm)
2.66(3.4Kpa) 27.1(35kgf/cm)
2.60(3.2Kpa) 26.5(33kgf/cm)
22.5±1.5 2.21±0.15 2.25 22.9
20.4 2.0 2.0 20.4

1.18 12.0
10.2 1.0 1.0 10.2
Secondary
5.5±1 pressure
0.54±0.1

Secondary pressure
Lever operating force

0
0 00 0.8 2 4 6 8 8.5 9.2 0

Push rod operating distence(mm)

0 5 10 15 20 25
Operating angle (deg.)

(SE280LC-3)
(kgf/cm2) (MPa) Port 1, 3 (N á m) (kgf á cm)
40.8 4.0 4.0 40.8
40 3.9
35 3.4
33 3.2
30.6 3.0 3.0 30.6
2.44(3.9Kpa) 24.9(40kgf/cm)
2.27(3.4Kpa) 23.2(35kgf/cm)
22.5±1.5 2.21±0.15 2.22(3.2Kpa) 22.6(33kgf/cm)
20.4 2.0 2.0 20.4

10.2 1.0 1.0 10.2

Secondary 0.94 9.6
5.5±1 pressure
0.54±0.1
Secondary pressure
Lever operating force

0 0 0
0 0.8 2 4 6 6.5 7 0

Push rod operating distence(mm)

0 5 10 15 19
Operating angle (deg.)
H0083
REMOTE CONTROL VALVE(pedal)

dr
1 2
A B
ar1 br1
pi

H0084
 Section B-B

P T

1 2 3 4
Hydraulic circuit

B
H0085
RCV OPERATION

T
P

H0086
 Push rod

Orifice
Piston
Piston seal

In neutral position, the oil

in the right (left) side
piston chamber is darined
through the orifice, and
damped by the pressure
T generated.
P

H0087
 T
T P

H0088
REMOTE CONTROL VALVE(PEDAL)

4 0.8 4 .0 163.2
16.7
40 3.9

35 3.4 13.7(3.9HPa) 139.9(40kgf/cm22)

13.2(3.4HPa) 134.6(40kgf/cm2)
33 3.2 12.8(3.2HPa) 130.6(40kgf/cm )
Secondary pressure (kgf/cm2)

30.6 3 .0 12.0 122.4

Operating Toroue (kgf.cm)

11.2 114.1
ue

Operating Toroue (N.m)

Secondary pressure (MPa)
Toro
tin g
_ e ra
_1.5
22.5+ 2 .2 1
+0.15
Op
20.4 2 .0 8.0 81.6
re 66.5
su 6.5
es
pr
a ry
d
10.2 1 .0 c on 4.0 40.8
Se
_
+0.1
_1
5.5+ 0 .54

0 0 0 0
0 1 2 4 4.8 5.5

Push rod operating distance (mm)

0 5 10 1 2.4

Operating angle (deg.)

(SE280LC-3)
H0089
H0090
 A

H0091
SWIVEL JOINT

D C

B A

F E

(A port : close)

C E GB F D

AL4 Ph BR3
BL4 Dd AR3

H0092
SOLENOID VALVE BLOCK

A1 A2 A3
P1
P1 P2
T A1 A2 A3

T
P1 P2
T

(+)

(-)

H0093
FLOW CONTROL VALVE

A B

A B

H0094
FLOW CONTROL VALVE

A B A B

A B A B

H0095
ACCUMULATOR

P3

H0096
A A

P T P T

M M

H0097
BOOM CYLINDER

ARM CYLINDER

H0098
BUCKET CYLINDER

H0099
 Chamder 'A'

Clearance 'D'
B

Cushion ring
Tank Stroke

Chamber (A)
Tank

C D

(Clearance) A Tank
B

Cushioning action on the piston side Cushioning action on the rod side

H0100
GEAR MOTOR

(A)

(B)

(C)
H0101
GEAR MOTOR

H0102
PISTON MOTOR(swing motor)

H0103
PISTON MOTOR

Cylinder block Low press. oil High press. oil

F1 F2 A
F Outlet port Inlet port

Drive shaft

Swash plate Piston Valve plate

Shoe B

H0104
PISTON MOTOR BRAKE

Spring force

Oil Pressure

Oil Pressure
chamber

H0105
REBOUND DAMPING VALVE

l
C

Bm Am
322 k
313
311
Br Ar 321
l m n
k Rebound
damping valve

l Rebound k P => Ps
damping valve

P (Pressure)
Y

Ps t

P<Ps p
Pb
X l
Z
T (Time)
g
k

H0106
PISTON MOTOR(travel motor)

H0107
COUNT BALANCE VALVE(travel motor)

H0108
PISTON MOTOR

Y
A
W1

r1 f1 F1 P
W1
O N1

Y'

H0109
PISTON MOTOR
BRAKE

H0110
BRAKE VALVE

H0111
BRAKE VALVE

AM P BM

L
K

H
DV CV

N
Z' DM C' CM M
D'
I' F E I
G' G

AV BV

H0112
BRAKE VALVE

A B

H0113
 Pi

Dr Dr
q1 S
S
q2 H

Pi L
L
Pi
B
Drain
H
N
Am Bm

H0114
TRAVEL MOTOR
(SE450LC-3)

H0115
TRAVEL MOTOR
(SE450LC-3)

H0116
TRAVEL MOTOR
(SE450LC-3)

H0117
TRAVEL MOTOR
(SE450LC-3)

H0118
TRAVEL MOTOR
(SE450LC-3)

H0119
TRAVEL MOTOR
(SE450LC-3)

H0120
TRAVEL MOTOR
CHECK VALVE

H0121
TRAVEL MOTOR REDUCTION GEAR
(SE450LC-3)

H0122
HYDRAULIC 4
(2)

CIRCUITS B
A
A
B
18
(SE210LC-3) BL4 BR3

32 AL4 Dd ph AR3

al32 Pb dr5 PL Py al31

Po Ps br11 Dd SH
33
(pi)
Pg2 dr4 42 SW
dr3
5 PR 41 37 PG
3Pi

Dd
39 al1
BR1
A bl1
B
BL1
Rs1 AL1 Rs1
ar1
3Pi
al2
43 bl2
br1 3
AR1 B A
BL2
AL2

ar2 pa 40
br2
al3
BR2 bl3 4Pi
7 38
AR2 BL3

ar3 dr2
AL3
br3 al4
bl4
BR3
AR3
6
BL4
36 AL4
35 13
a
b
34
34 16
2 bl3
1 3 2 4
R Fr Px2 dr1 Pi Pg1 Px1 Fl p31
br11 a 4Pi, al32 Dd pi
PR PL (breaker) (A2) al31
(A3)
(A1) al3
31
12 14
21 20
28 p31
1 (2) p1 1

p21
19 Dd
pa
SW
al1 bl1 1 3 2 4
27 10 pi Py ph p21
(A1) (A2) (A3) Dd pi
Pi1 Pi2 Ps ar2 br2 ar1
(Fr) (FI) br1
11
23 17 15
24 P2

Dd 25 P3 P2 Dd
P1 P2
26 Pg1 PG 29 30
9
8 (4) (5) 1 2 3 4
22
Dd
bl4 Dd al4 br3
pi
ar3
H0123
HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
(SE280LC-3)
4
(2) 3
5
34

18

A
39 33 37
38

6
41

42
7 40

13
16

31
36

35 36
35
2 14

17
30
20
28 1
21

12
19
27

10
23
24 15
11
25 8 29
26 ENGINE (7)
22
9
32 30

H0124
BOOM RAISE CONFLUX CIRCUIT
(SE280LC-3)
P1 P2 Pp

Boom
holding valve

Fl Fr

BR1 PL
PR SW

BM
OPT
BKT
AM
TR
TL

Center
Pb bypass valve

P2 P1

Logic valve
BM
AR1

br1

R
BM

H0125
HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
(SE350LC-3) 2
1

3
4 5

6
7 8

10 12
13
11

15

14

21
20

19
16 17

22
27
25
23
Pi2
Pi1
23
26

28 29 45
30 31

32
33 41

44
34 48

35
46 47
36 42
37
39 38
43
H0126
HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
(SE130W-3)
9
10

36
11 31 38
2
40 4

33 3

41

39
42

45
46
7

44

6
35 33
47
48 49 50

51

13
37 34

18
32 33 17
1
G1 G2
15
24
16
21
19 29

27

14
12
25 30
26

22 20 23

28

H0127