IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta.Maria, Bulacan
Earth and Life Science (Sci 100)
Module 8
Topic: Exogenic Process
Learning Competency/ies:
1. Describe how rocks undergo weathering;
2. Explain how the products of weathering are carried away by erosion and deposited
elsewhere;
3. Explain how rocks and soil move downslope due to the direct action of gravity.
Lesson Content:
Geological processes are dynamic processes at work in the earth's landforms and
surfaces.
Divided into two categories:
* Exogenous/Exogenic
* Endogenous /Endogenous
Dynamic actions or events that occur at the Earth's surface due to application of natural forces
resulting from gravity, temperature changes, freezing and thawing, chemical reactions, seismic
shaking, and the agencies of wind and moving water, ice and snow.
Where and when a force exceeds the strength of the earth material, the material is changed by
deformation, translocation, or chemical reactions.
Geological processes may also be linked to interaction with the external environment (e.g.
impact cratering), and may vary in relative importance with time or at any point on the surface
of a planet
Prepared by:
Mr. Richard R. Reodique
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta.Maria, Bulacan
Exogenous/Exogenic Processes
• The exogenous processes occur on or near the earth surface of Earth.
• It is usually driven by gravity, water, wind, and organisms.
WEATHERING
- It is the disintegration of rocks, soil and minerals.
- Weathering happens even without the transportation.
- Physical, Chemical and Biological
Weathering
1. Physical / Mechanical Weathering
- is a breakdown of rocks by mechanical forces
concentrated along rocks fractures.
Ice wedging is a form of mechanical weathering or
physical weathering in which cracks in rock or
other surfaces fill with water, freeze and expand,
causing the cracks to enlarge and eventually break.
Prepared by:
Mr. Richard R. Reodique
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta.Maria, Bulacan
2. Chemical Weathering- is the process by which rocks break down by chemical reactions.
3 TYPES OF CHEMICAL WEATHERING
• Dissolution
• Oxidation
• Hydrolysis
Dissolution
- Weathering by water Ex. Halite
Carbon dioxide + Rain water = Acid
Prepared by:
Mr. Richard R. Reodique
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta.Maria, Bulacan
Oxidation
- weathering by rust
it interacts with water, the Iron (Fe) get oxidized
Hydrolysis
- The chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.
Prepared by:
Mr. Richard R. Reodique
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta.Maria, Bulacan
3. Biological Weathering
- occurs when living organisms cause rocks to weather, or break down.
- is the weakening and subsequent disintegration of rock by plants, animals and microbes.
Prepared by:
Mr. Richard R. Reodique
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta.Maria, Bulacan
EROSION
- It is the process by which earth’s surface is worn away by wind, water, or ice.
- Process of erosion moves rock debris or soil from one place to another.
MASS WASTING
- This refers to the movement of large masses of materials down a slope or a steep sided
hill or mountain due to the pull of gravity.
- Debris flow, Mudflow, Slump
Mass Wasting can be divided into four main classes.
These are:
• Falls
• Slides
• Creeps
• Flows.
Prepared by:
Mr. Richard R. Reodique
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta.Maria, Bulacan
1. Falls
- This type of mass wasting can involve a single rock or thousands of rocks. For a mass-
wasting event to be classified as a fall, it must travel at a high rate of speed down a very steep
slope
Prepared by:
Mr. Richard R. Reodique
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta.Maria, Bulacan
2. Creeps
In geology, slow downslope movement of particles that occurs on every slope covered with
loose, weathered material.
Prepared by:
Mr. Richard R. Reodique
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta.Maria, Bulacan
3. Slides
A slide happens when a section of soil or rock suddenly gives way and moves down a slope.
Prepared by:
Mr. Richard R. Reodique
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta.Maria, Bulacan
4. Flows
- A flowing mixture of debris and water, usually moving down a channel.
Prepared by:
Mr. Richard R. Reodique
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta.Maria, Bulacan
DEBRIS FLOW
- Happens when large amount of sediments, usually rocks of various sizes, falls down the
slope.
Prepared by:
Mr. Richard R. Reodique
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta.Maria, Bulacan
MUDFLOW
- Happens when combined soil and water flow down a slope.
Prepared by:
Mr. Richard R. Reodique
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta.Maria, Bulacan
SLUMP
- Is a slow movement of soil along with a curved surface.
- A slump is a form of mass wasting that occurs when a coherent mass of loosely
consolidated materials or a rock layer moves a short distance down a slope. Movement is
characterized by sliding along a concave-upward or planar surface.
Prepared by:
Mr. Richard R. Reodique
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta.Maria, Bulacan
Prepared by:
Mr. Richard R. Reodique
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta.Maria, Bulacan
SEDIMENTATION
- It is the accumulation of materials such as soil, rock fragments and soil particles
settling on the ground.
Prepared by:
Mr. Richard R. Reodique
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta.Maria, Bulacan
Prepared by:
Mr. Richard R. Reodique
