Cooling Systems in IC
Engines
PREPARED BY:
HARDEEP SINGH MANN
Need Of Cooling System
1. Temperature of gases is about 2300-2500°C
2. Burning of oil film
3. Seizing or welding of the same
Points to be considered while designing a cooling system
1. Warming up of engine
2. 20-25% heat generated is used for producing brake power
3. Some heat is lost in friction and carried away by exhaust gases.
4. Cooling system only need to remove 30-35% of total heat.
AIR COOLING SYSTEM
Air cooled system is generally used in small engines say up to 15-20
kW
Fins or extended surfaces are provided on the cylinder walls,
Air flows over the fins, heat will be dissipated to air
The amount of heat dissipated to air depends Some Factors
Advantages of Air Cooled System
(a) weight
(b) No leakages.
(c) Coolant and antifreeze solutions are not required.
(d) Cost
Disadvantages of Air Cooled System
(a) Less efficient.
(b) Used where the engines are exposed to air directly
WATER COOLING SYSTEM
Cooling water jackets are provided around the cylinder, cylinder head and other parts of
Engine
Cooling jackets and fan are used to cool hot water
Types of Water Cooling System
There are two types of water cooling system :
1. Thermo Siphon System
2. Pump Circulation System
Water cooling system
Water cooling system mainly consists of :
(a) Radiator,
(b) Thermostat valve,
(c) Water pump,
(d) Fan,
(e) Water Jackets
(f) Antifreeze mixtures
Cooling System
(a) Radiator
It mainly consists of an upper tank and lower tank and between them is a core. The
upper tank is connected to the water outlets from the engines jackets by a hose
pipe and the lover tank is connect to the jacket inlet through water pump by means
of hose pipes.
There are 2-types of cores :
(a) Tubular
(b) Cellular
(a) Tubular
(b) Cellular
(b) Thermostat valve
It is a valve which prevents flow of water from the engine to radiator, so that engine readily
reaches to its maximum efficient operating temperature. After attaining maximum efficient
operating temperature, it automatically begins functioning. Generally, it prevents the water below
70C
(c) Water pump
It is used to pump the circulating water. Impeller type pump will be mounted at the
front end.
Pump consists of an impeller mounted on a shaft and enclosed in the pump casing.
The pump casing has inlet and outlet openings.
The pump is driven by means of engine output shaft only through belts. When it is
driven water will be pumped.
Water pump
(d) Fan
It is driven by the engine output shaft through same belt that drives the pump. It is provided behind
the radiator and it blows air over the radiator for cooling purpose.
(e) Water Jackets
Cooling water jackets are provided around the cylinder, cylinder head, valve seats and any hot parts
which are to be cooled. Heat generated in the engine cylinder, conducted through the cylinder walls
to the jackets. The water flowing through the jackets absorbs this heat and gets hot.
(f) Antifreeze mixtures
In western countries if the water used in the radiator freezes because of cold climates, then ice
formed has more volume and produces cracks in the cylinder blocks, pipes, and radiator. So, to
prevent freezing antifreeze mixtures or solutions are added in the cooling water.
The ideal antifreeze solutions should have the following properties :
ethylene glycol base materials
(a) It should dissolve in water easily.
(b) It should not evaporate.
(c) It should not deposit any foreign matter in cooling system.
(d) It should not have any harmful effect on any part of cooling system.
(e) It should be cheap and easily available.
(f) It should not corrode the system
Advantages and Disadvantages of Water Cooling System
Advantages
(a) Uniform cooling of cylinder, cylinder head and valves.
(b) Specific fuel consumption of engine improves by using water cooling system.
(c) If we employ water cooling system, then engine need not be provided at the front end of
moving vehicle.
(d) Engine is less noisy as compared with air cooled engines, as it has water for damping noise.
Disadvantages
(a) It depends upon the supply of water.
(b) The water pump which circulates water absorbs considerable power.
(c) If the water cooling system fails then it will result in severe damage of engine.
(d) The water cooling system is costlier as it has more number of parts. Also it requires more maintenance
and care for its parts.
