ASSUMPTA TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL
Sta. Monica, San Simon, Pampanga
S.Y. 2020 – 2021
MODULE GENERAL PHYSICS 1
(Grade 12)
QUARTER: 1
I. Topic: Measurements
Time Frame: Week 1
II. Most Essential Learning Competencies:
✓ Solve measurement problems involving conversion of units, expression of
measurements in scientific notation
✓ Differentiate accuracy from precision
III. Learning Objectives:
1. Convert units of measurements.
2. Express measurements in scientific notation and standard form.
3. Differentiate accuracy and precision.
4. Show awareness of the current realities and respond with life-giving actions.
IV. Learning Activities
Opening Prayer
In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen
Come Holy Spirit
Come Holy Spirit, fill the hearts of your faithful and kindle in them the fire of your love.
Send forth your Spirit and they shall be created. And You shall renew the face of the earth.
O, God, who by the light of the Holy Spirit, did instruct the hearts of the faithful, grant
that by the same Holy Spirit we may be truly wise and ever enjoy His consolations,
Through Christ Our Lord, Amen.
Hail, Holy Queen
Hail, holy Queen, Mother of mercy, hail, our life,
our sweetness and our hope. To you do we cry, poor
banished children of Eve: to you do we send up our
sighs, mourning and weeping in this valley of tears.
Turn then, O most gracious Advocate, your eyes of
mercy toward us, and after this our exile, show unto
us the blessed fruit of your womb, Jesus, O clement,
O loving, O sweet Virgin Mary! Amen.
In the name of the Father, and of
the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen
ATHS Module for General Physics 1: Measurements | 1
Pre-test
I. Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. How many decimeters are there in a dekameter?
a. 10 c. 1 000
b. 100 d. 10 000
2. The net weight of a box of powdered milk is 985 grams. What is the equivalent weight in
kilograms?
a. 9.85 kg c. 0.985 kg
b. 98.5 kg d. 0.0985 kg
3. The distance between two barangays is 4 000 meters. What is the distance between the two
barangays in kilometers?
a. 0.4 km c. 40 km
b. 4 km d. 400 km
4. Which of these is an example of high precision?
a. A student correctly calculates the acceleration due to gravity to be 9.8m/s 2.
b. An archer hits the bulls-eye.
c. A student tries to throw a pencil into the garbage can and makes it in.
d. An archer hits the same spot on the target three times in a row.
5. Which of these is an example of high accuracy?
a. An archer hits the bulls-eye.
b. A student calculates the acceleration due to gravity to be 10.2 m/s 2 using three
different methods.
c. A student repeatedly calculates the mass of an object to be 49 grams, when the true
mass is 52 grams.
d. An archer hits the same spot on the target three times in a row.
II. Express the following in scientific notation.
a. Wavelength of reddish light: 0.0000007 m =
b. Age of the universe in seconds: 430,000,000,000,000,000 s =
c. Volume of a hydrogen atom: 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 621 cm3 =
III. Write the following in standard form.
a. Mass of Earth: 5.974 × 1027 g =
b. Mass of Moon: 7.348 × 1025 g =
ATHS Module for General Physics 1: Measurements | 2
Motivation/Review
Study the picture on the left. What
thoughts came into your mind upon
seeing this?
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You will find out how this picture is related to our first lesson as you go through this
module. In this module, you will convert units, express measurements in scientific notation and
standard form, and differentiate accuracy and precision. Are you ready?
Measurements
Give, and it will be given to you; good measure, pressed down, shaken together
and running over, will be put into your lap. For with the measure you use,
it will be measured back to you."
Luke 6:38
What comes into your mind when you encounter the term measurement?
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When/what do you usually measure?
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ATHS Module for General Physics 1: Measurements | 3
If you will check the meaning of the word measurement in the dictionary, you will see
that measurement is defined as “the action of measuring something” or “a unit or system of
measuring”. Moreover, to measure is to ascertain the size, amount, or degree of (something) by
using an instrument or device marked in standard units or by comparing it with an object of
known size.
The early Egyptians make use of body parts like the elbow for
measuring length and area. The distance from the elbow to the tip of
the middle finger is called “cubit”. The earliest known unit for weight
was used by early Babylonians. It was known as “mina”. Other basic
units used by early Greeks were finger for length, “Olympic cubit” for
24 fingers, “talent” for weight and “metrites” for volume (liquid
measure). Nowadays the use of the metric system of measurement is
recommended because computations are easier in this system. Early Egyptian Measurement
Physics is an experimental science. Physicists perform experiments to test hypotheses.
Conclusions in experiments are derived from measurements. And physicists use numbers to
describe measurements. Such a number is called a physical quantity. However, a physical
quantity would make sense to everyone when compared to a reference standard. For example,
when one says, that his or her height is 1.5 meters, this means that one’s height is 1.5 times a
meter stick (or a tape measure that is one meter long). The meter stick is here considered to be
the reference standard. Thus, stating that one’s height is 1.5 is not as informative. Since 1960
the system of units used by scientists and engineers is the “metric system”, which is officially
known as the “International System” or SI units (abbreviation for its French term, Système
International). To make sure that scientists from different parts of the world understand the
same thing when referring to a measurement, standards have been defined for measurements of
length, time, and mass.
Length – 1 meter is defined as the distance travelled by light in a vacuum in
1/299,792,458 second. Based on the definition that the speed of light is exactly 299,792,458
m/s.
Time – 1 second is defined as 9,192,631,770 cycles of the microwave radiation due to
the transition between the two lowest energy states of the cesium atom. This is measured from
an atomic clock using this transition.
Mass – 1 kg is defined to be the mass of a cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy at the
International Bureau of weights and measures (Sèvres, France)
As mentioned earlier, Nowadays the use of the metric system of measurement is
recommended because computations are easier in this system since it uses the power of 10.
There are prefixes that describe each power of 10. The table on the next page shows some of
the prefixes used in the metric system of measurement.
ATHS Module for General Physics 1: Measurements | 4
Prefixes used in the Metric System of Measurement
One common quantity you will deal with
as you study physics is length or distance. It can
be measured using devices such as vernier
calliper, micrometer, ruler, meter stick, tape
measure, and even odometer in cars.
The metric units millimeter (mm),
centimeter (cm), and decimeter (dm) are used
to measure short lengths. While metric units
meter (m) and kilometer (km) are used to
measure long length and distances. Devices Used to Measure Length
ATHS Module for General Physics 1: Measurements | 5
To visualize how long these units of measure
are, consider a meter stick. One meter stick measures
one meter. It is almost the size of a baseball bat. If you
zoom in a meter stick, you would see smaller dashes.
Each dash is equal to a centimeter. There are 100
centimeters in a meter stick. The radius of a one-peso
coin is equal to one centimeter. If we still zoom in the
meter stick or (you may also use a ruler), you would
notice that there are even smaller dashes. Each dash is
equal to one millimeter. A standard paper clip has a
wire diameter that is almost equal to 1millimeter. On
the other hand, a kilometer is a much longer measure
of distance. Ten football fields put together in a row is
equal to a kilometer. Measures of Length
Here are other quantities you would deal with in Physics, their symbols, and units.
Derived Quantities and Units
ATHS Module for General Physics 1: Measurements | 6
Formative Assessment: Check for Understanding
1. Which among the following is the longest unit of measure for length?
a. a kilometer b. a meter c. a dekameter d. a millimeter
2. A foot ruler is approximately ________.
a. 30 cm b. 30 mm c. 30 km d. 30 m
3. A MERALCO post is approximately _______.
a. 16 km b. 16 m c. 16 mm d. 16 cm
4. Which is a realistic height of a human person?
a. 2 km b. 2 m c. 2 mm d. 2 cm
5. Which of these is the most realistic length of a pencil?
a. 6 km b. 6 km c. 6 mm d. 6 cm
Conversion of units
In Physics, a good number of topics come with computations since we all know that
“Math is the language of Science”. When working with equations, you have to make sure you
are working in a consistent set of units, or you won’t get the correct answer. Also, oftentimes,
measurements are made in a different set of units. These are some of the reasons why you
should learn how to convert units.
I know that you have been converting units in
the past especially in your Math and Science subjects.
Let us review how it is done.
Steps in Conversion:
1. Identify the unit you are starting with.
2. Identify the unit you want to end with.
3. Find the conversion factor/s that will convert the starting
unit to the ending unit.
4. Set up the mathematical expression so that all units except
the unit you want to end with will be cancelled.
Milk with volume labelled in pint and ml
Let’s try these!
1. Convert 5 m to cm.
Solution: 5 m x 100 cm =500 cm
1m
2. Convert 900 mm to m.
Solution: 900 mm x 1m = 0.90 m
1000 mm
3. Convert 65 km to m.
Solution: 65 km x 1000 m = 65 000 m
1 km
ATHS Module for General Physics 1: Measurements | 7
Do you find it interesting? _________ Answer the formative assessment below.
Formative Assessment: Check for Understanding
Directions: Write on the blank the equivalent measure in the indicated unit.
1. 5 300 cm = ______________ dam
2. 125 600 m = ______________ hm
3. 12 km = ______________ dm
4. 8 000 mm = ______________ km
5. 0.89 dam= _______________ m
Short cut Method of Conversion
Use the following to convert metric units.
Rules for Conversion
From a smaller unit to a larger unit.
Move the decimal point of the given number to be converted k
places to the left, where the value of k is the number of arrows
from the smaller unit to the larger unit in the diagram.
From a larger unit to a smaller unit
Move the decimal point of the given number to be converted k
places to the right, where the value of k is the number of arrows
from the larger unit to the smaller unit in the diagram.
Study the following examples.
Example 1.
Convert 300 cm to dekameter.
Solution: Since there are 3 arrows from centimeter to dekameter and the movement of the
decimal point is from right to left because the conversion of unit is from smaller to larger unit,
then move the decimal point 3 places to the left. Therefore, 300 cm = 0.3 dam
Example 2.
Convert 1 230 dm to kilometer.
Solution: There are 4 arrows from decimeter to kilometer and the movement is also from
right to left since the conversion is from smaller unit to larger unit. Therefore, move the
decimal point 4 places to the left. Thus, 1 230 dm = 0.123 km.
ATHS Module for General Physics 1: Measurements | 8
Example 3.
Convert 653 hm to centimeter.
Solution: Since there are 4 arrows from cm to hm and the movement, this time, is from left to
right because the unit being converted is from bigger unit to smaller unit, then move the
decimal point 4 places to the right. Thus, 653 hm = 6 530 000 cm.
Example 4
Convert 18 km to centimeter.
Solution: Since there are 5 arrows from centimeter to kilometer and the movement is from
left to right, therefore, 18 km = 1 800 000 cm.
Formative Assessment: Check for Understanding
Directions: Using the shortcut method of conversion, convert the following:
1. 8 256 m = __________ km 6. 120 hm = __________ dm
2. 25 000 mm = __________ hm 7. 42 km = __________ m
3. 864 dm = __________ dam 8. 8.16 m = __________ cm
4. 3 450 000 cm = __________ km 9. 0.012 dm = __________ mm
5. 317 000 cm = __________ hm 10. 0.59 dam = ___________ dm
Scientific Notation
"Indeed, the very hairs of your head are all numbered.
Do not fear; you are more valuable than many sparrows.
-Luke12:7
Did you know that…?
The Andromeda Galaxy (the closest one to our
Milky Way galaxy) contains at least
200,000,000,000 stars.
The mass of an alpha particle, which is emitted in the radioactive
decay of Plutonium-239 is
0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 006 645 kilograms.
ATHS Module for General Physics 1: Measurements | 9
What can you say about the numbers or measurements in the given trivia on the previous page?
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As you can see, the numbers are too big or too small. It could get tedious writing out
those numbers repeatedly. So, a system was developed to help represent these numbers in a way
that was easy to read and understand: Scientific Notation.
Scientific notation is a way of expressing numbers that are too big or too small to be
conveniently written in decimal form. It is commonly used by scientists, mathematicians, and
engineers, in part because it can simplify certain arithmetic operations.
How is scientific notation written?
In scientific notation, all numbers are written in the form m × 10n (m times ten raised to
the power of n), where the exponent n is an integer, and the coefficient m is any real number.
Why Use Scientific Notation?
Scientific Notation was developed to easily represent numbers that are either very large
or very small. Let us go back to the two examples given earlier. They are expressed in decimal
form instead of scientific notation to help illustrate the problem:
1. The Andromeda Galaxy (the closest one to our Milky Way galaxy) contains at least
200,000,000,000 stars.
2. The mass of an alpha particle, which is emitted in the radioactive decay of
Plutonium-239 is 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 006 645 kilograms.
Since it could get tedious writing out those numbers repeatedly, we will use scientific
notation in expressing the numbers. But how will we do that? Let us study the rules in writing
scientific notation below.
To convert a number into scientific notation, first, we have to identify where the decimal
point and non-zero digit come. There are two cases in it.
Case 1:
If non-zero digit comes first and decimal point comes next, move the decimal point to
the left and the exponent “n” should be a positive integer. To move the decimal point to the left,
you have to count the number of digits as shown in the example below.
According to the example given above, we have to move the decimal point 3 digits to
the left, and the exponent of 10 should be 3 (positive integer). When we do so, we get the
scientific notation of the given number. So, 2301.8 kg = 2.3018 x 103 kg
ATHS Module for General Physics 1: Measurements | 10
Case 2:
If the decimal point comes first and non-zero digit comes next, move the decimal point
to the right and the exponent “n” should be a negative integer. To move the decimal point to
the right, we have to count the number of digits as explained in the example given below.
According to the example given above, we have to move the decimal point 5 digits to
the right, and the exponent of 10 should be -5 (negative integer). When we do so, we get the
scientific notation of the given number. So, 0.000023 N = 2.3 x 10-5 N.
Note: If we don't find the decimal point at anywhere of the given number, we have to
assume that there is a decimal point at the end of the number. For example,
2300000 -------------> 2300000 .
Here, the non-zero digit comes first and the decimal point comes next. So we have to
apply case 1 to convert this number into scientific notation.
Remember that if the number is less than 1, it has a negative exponent “n” and if it is
higher than 1, then its exponent “n” is a positive integer.
However, if you wish to write a number expressed in scientific notation to the standard
form or decimal form, move the decimal point to the left (if the exponent of ten is a negative
number), or to the right (if the exponent is positive). You should move the point as many times
as the exponent indicates. Do not write the power of ten anymore.
Formative Assessment: Check for Understanding
I. Following the rules in writing the scientific notation, express the numbers given in the
trivia in scientific notation.
1. The Andromeda Galaxy (the closest one to our Milky Way galaxy) contains at least
200,000,000,000 stars.
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2. The mass of an alpha particle, which is emitted in the radioactive decay of
Plutonium-239 is 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 006 645 kilograms.
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ATHS Module for General Physics 1: Measurements | 11
II. True or False. Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is
incorrect.
______1. If the exponent in the scientific notation is negative, then the number is more than 1.
______2. If we don't find a decimal point at anywhere of the given number, we have to
assume that there is a decimal point at the end of the number.
______3. In scientific notation, all numbers are written in the form m × 10n.
______4. 1.204 x 10 12 kilograms when expressed in standard form is 1 204 000 000 000
kilograms.
______5. 0.000005 km when expressed in scientific notation is 50.0 x 105 km.
Accuracy and Precision
And David put his hand into his bag and took from it a stone and slung it, and struck the
Philistine on his forehead.
And the stone sank into his forehead, so that he fell on his face to the ground
1 Samuel 17:49
Have you ever played darts? _______________
Let us use the illustrations below to understand the lesson on accuracy and precision easier.
Kindly describe each picture below.
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ATHS Module for General Physics 1: Measurements | 12
Accuracy and precision are two ways that scientists think about error. Accuracy refers
to how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value. Precision refers to how close
measurements of the same item are to each other. Precision is independent of accuracy. That
means it is possible to be very precise but not very accurate, and it is also possible to be accurate
without being precise. The best quality scientific observations are both accurate and precise.
One way of demonstrating the difference between accuracy and precision is with a
dartboard. Think of the bulls-eye (center) of a dartboard as the true value. The closer the darts
land to the bulls-eye, the more accurate they are.
• If the darts are neither close • If the darts are all about an equal
to the bulls-eye, nor close to distance from and spaced equally
each other, there is neither around the bulls-eye there is
accuracy nor precision mathematical accuracy because the
average of the darts is in the bulls-
eye. This represents data that is
accurate, but not precise. However,
if you were actually playing darts this
would not count as a bulls-eye!
• If all of the darts land very • If the darts land close to the bulls-
close together, but far from eye and close together, there is
the bulls-eye, there is both accuracy and precision
precision, but not accuracy
Formative Assessment: Check for understanding
Directions. Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. A bowman is shooting arrows at a target. Which of the following demonstrates high
accuracy but low precision?
a. The bowman consistently hits around the target but never hits the bulls-eye.
b. The bowman consistently hits the bulls-eye.
c. The bowman consistently misses the target and hits a tree in the same spot
2. Which of these is an example of high precision?
a. An archer hits the bulls-eye.
b. A student tries to throw a pencil into the garbage can and makes it in.
c. An archer hits the same spot on the target three times in a row.
3. Which of these is an example of high accuracy?
a. An archer hits the bulls-eye.
b. A student calculates the acceleration due to gravity to be 10.2 m/s2 using three
different methods
c. A student repeatedly calculates the mass of an object to be 49 grams, when the true
mass is 52 grams
ATHS Module for General Physics 1: Measurements | 13
The ECQ and Me
What has “community quarantine” encouraged you to
do?
The 4 months (or so) of quarantine for some became a
reason to experience cabin fever. Cabin fever refers to the
distressing claustrophobic irritability
or restlessness experienced when a person, or group, is
stuck at an isolated location or in confined quarters for an
extended period of time. Others, instead of being irritated
because of the community quarantine or to insist on going
out of their homes, decided to discover a new hobby or
interest. Some discovered their love for painting, cooking,
baking, planting, and others. Baking
In all of these activities and in our daily activities, we are always measuring. Let us take for
example those who cook or bake. When you cook, there must be a certain measurement of
ingredients you will follow to ensure that the dish will be cooked properly. The same thing is
true with baking. Unfortunately, if you are a first-timer, there are instances when the measuring
instrument you are using is calibrated in a different unit compared to the unit indicated on the
recipe that you saw on Youtube or a cookbook, so you have to convert. If you miss converting
the unit of measures correctly, I bet it would not be a successful and delicious dish/pastry. Since
you are below 21, you are not yet allowed to go out during the community quarantine, so when
your guardian or parents go to the market to buy ingredients, remind them that they have to
make sure that the things they buy from the market have correct measurements like the mass of
the meat and vegetables and the volume of the liquid condiments. Sometimes, the same product
is packed with different volumes or masses, say granulated sugar is packed labelled with 500 g
mass and is sold at P 34.00, another is packed labelled with 1 kg mass sold at P70.00. If you
need 1 kilogram of granulated sugar and you wish to save, your guardian/parent shall buy 2
packs of granulated sugar labelled with 500 grams each because it will sum up to one kilogram,
and yet, you will save P2.00. When cooking or baking, you need to be accurate in following
procedures and measuring ingredients so that you will have the best taste you desire. If you
want to sell or produce it commercially, you must also work with precision for your product to
have consistent taste and quality.
The community quarantine also opened a door for us to explore more on our potentials.
How about you, what activities have you done during the community quarantine? How does
understanding of measurement become helpful as you do these activities?
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How do these activities you engaged yourself with during the ECQ become helpful to you, to
your family, community, or the environment?
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ATHS Module for General Physics 1: Measurements | 14
Is it accurate? Is it precise?
The picture on the right says a thousand words. We have
been battling against COVID-19 for more than 6 months now, yet,
no cure or vaccine has been discovered and approved, and the
number of cases continues to increase. If the true opponent is the
coronavirus, are the priorities, actions, and decisions of the
national government, the local government units, your family, or
even yourself centered on defeating the opponent? There are so
many issues and concerns that we also encounter as we battle
against COVID-19. First is the discipline of the Filipino people,
who, despite repeated reminders still insist on going out without
valid reasons, not wearing masks, or practicing social distancing.
The unemployment in the Philippines soared to 17.7% in April 2020, equivalent to
around 7.3 million jobless Filipinos. Under the Republic Act No. 11469 or the “Bayanihan to
Heal as One” Act, the Department of Budget and Management released P100-billion to the
Department of Social Welfare and Development to cover the funding requirements for the
social amelioration programs to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19. Unfortunately, it shows
that it is not enough to help all poor families. There were also news that local government units
are not fair in distributing financial assistance to their constituents. The ABS-CBN franchise
renewal controversy which also led to unemployment of around 11, 000 employees and the
conflicting views of Filipino people. The return of the locally stranded individuals to their
respected provinces which also became one of the reasons for the spread of the virus after the
government has announced the General Community Quarantine and the Modified General
Community Quarantine in different areas. The creation of a blank and duplicate accounts of UP
activists and students, which some opponents of Duterte have speculated was meant to
intimidate them into silence. (Was your FB account duplicated too even if you are not a UP
student? ____). The House Bill No. 7031 filed by Davao City Rep. Paolo Duterte, Marinduque
Rep. Lord Allan Velasco and ACT-CIS party list Rep. Eric Yap seeking to rename NAIA to
“Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Pilipinas” (International Airport of the Philippines), and the
questionable Anti-Terrorism Act which was signed by President Rodrigo Duterte on July 3,
2020. Will these actions accurately hit our target of defeating the COVID-19?
What is your heart and mind about this? Will this actions of the government and the
Filipino people really be of help in this time of crisis?
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Personally, what can you contribute to your country, the Philippines during this time
of the pandemic?
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ATHS Module for General Physics 1: Measurements | 15
VI. Self-Assessment / Self – Evaluation
Directions: Answer the following questions explicitly.
1. What new insights/ learnings have you gained from this module?
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2. What difficulties or challenges have you encountered while going through this
module?
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3. How did you cope up with these difficulties or challenges?
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4. What values were developed or enhanced in you as you go through this module?
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5. How can these values help you in your daily life?
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I hope that you have acquired all the skills and concepts/competencies in this module. See
you next week for another exciting topic! God bless you and your family.
Stay home. Stay safe.
ATHS Module for General Physics 1: Measurements | 16
Answers Key:
Pre-test pp. 2
I.
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A
II.
1. 7.0 x 10 -7 m
2. 4.3 x 10 17 s
3. 6.21 x10 -25 cm3
III.
a. 5 974 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 g
b. 73 480 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 g
Formative Assessment: Check for Understanding pp. 7
1. A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.D
Formative Assessment: Check for Understanding pp. 8
1. 5.3
2. 1256
3. 0.0012
4. 0.008
5. 0.089
Formative Assessment: Check for Understanding pp.9
1. 8.256
2. 0.25
3. 8.64
4. 34.5
5. 31.7
6. 120 000
7. 42 000
8. 816
9. 1.2
10. 59
Formative Assessment: Check for Understanding pp. 11-12
I.
1. 2 x 10 11 stars
2. 6.645 x 10 -27 kg
II.
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False
Formative Assessment: Check for Understanding pp. 13
1. A 2. C 3.A
ATHS Module for General Physics 1: Measurements | 17
VII. References
Images used in the module were retrieved from the following websites on July 7, 2020
COVID 19 bull’s eye- https://www.facebook.com/
Egyptian measurement- http://abemkemet.blogspot.com/2012/06/ruler-for-ruler.html
Measuring Tools- https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-is-the-name-of-instrument-that-
measures-distance and https://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-images-micrometer-
vernier-caliper-clipping-paths-instrument-measurement-digital-image30493429
Derived Quantities and units- https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/424393964879165576/
Milk- https://www.123rf.com/photo_9078948_carton-of-semi-skimmed-milk-with-label-
information.html
Andromeda- https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/607423068472999615/
Alpha particle- https://www.epa.gov/radiation/radionuclide-basics-plutonium
Dartboard- https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/world-ocean/map-
distortion/practices-science-precision-vs-accuracy
Coronavirus- https://pngtree.com/freepng/corona-virus-vector-illustration-in-black-and-
white-design_5326356.html
Swabbing- https://health.ucdavis.edu/coronavirus/coronavirus-testing.html
Remdesivir- https://www.laboratoryequipment.com/565888-Gilead-Prices-COVID-19-Drug-
at-2-340-Per-Treatment/
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