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PLC Architecture: Fig. 1 Modular I/O Configuration

This document discusses programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It describes two types of PLC architecture - open architecture, which allows connection to other manufacturers' devices, and closed architecture, which is proprietary. It also discusses modular and fixed input/output configurations. The key components of a basic modular PLC are the rack, power supply, processor module, input/output modules, and operator interface. Input modules receive signals from devices, while output modules send ON/OFF signals to devices. Other topics covered include PLC connections, terminologies like rungs and coils, sourcing vs. sinking, ladder logic programming, and electromechanical relays.

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Earl Flores
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676 views4 pages

PLC Architecture: Fig. 1 Modular I/O Configuration

This document discusses programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It describes two types of PLC architecture - open architecture, which allows connection to other manufacturers' devices, and closed architecture, which is proprietary. It also discusses modular and fixed input/output configurations. The key components of a basic modular PLC are the rack, power supply, processor module, input/output modules, and operator interface. Input modules receive signals from devices, while output modules send ON/OFF signals to devices. Other topics covered include PLC connections, terminologies like rungs and coils, sourcing vs. sinking, ladder logic programming, and electromechanical relays.

Uploaded by

Earl Flores
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EMTC 135 – Programmable Logic Control Application

PLC Architecture

1. Open Architecture – allows the system to be connected easily to devices and programs made by
other manufacturers.
2. Closed Architecture – design is proprietary or owned by a company and their designs are close-
sourced, making it more difficult to connect to other systems.

Ways to incorporate I/O into PLC

1. Modular I/O – divided by compartments into which separate modules can be plugged.
Basic Modular Controller consists of the following:
 Rack
 Power supply
 Processor Module (CPU)
 Input/output Module
 Operator Interface

Fig. 1 Modular I/O configuration.

2. Fixed I/O – small PLCs that come in one package with no separate, removable units.

Fig. 2 Fixed I/O configuration.

Prepared by: E. Flores


EMTC 135 – Programmable Logic Control Application

PLC I/O Connections

1. PLC Input Module – it receive signals from external switches and sensors through contacts and
allows PLC to interface and get a real-time sense of the process status.
2. PLC Output Module – implemented using transistors and use triodes for alternating current
(TRIACs) to switch the connected power to the output coil and send ON/OFF signals to external
solenoids, lights, motors, and other devices.

Fig. 3 PLC Input Connection. Fig. 4 PLC Output Connection.


Optical isolator – used to electrically isolate the internal components from the input and output
terminals with the use of light to couple the circuits together.

Field or Real World device – used to distinguish actual external devices that exist and must be physically
wired from the internal user program that duplicates the function of relays, timers, and counters.

PLC Terminologies

1. Input – devices and transducers which takes information about the physical world to the PLC.
2. Output – are the control circuits of the PLC and also are the devices controlled by the PLC.
3. Rung – horizontal line of ladder logic.
4. Coil – represents PLC outputs.
5. Contact – represents PLC inputs.
6. Timer – instruction that provide the same functions as an on-delay and off-delay mechanical
timing relays.
7. Counter – instruction that either increment (counts up) or decrements (counts down) an integer
number value when prompted by the transition of a bot from 0 (false) to 1 (true).
8. Ladder Diagram – a type of schematic diagram that represents relay logic control circuits and
ladder logic PLC programming.

Prepared by: E. Flores


EMTC 135 – Programmable Logic Control Application

Sourcing and Sinking

Sourcing Sinking
Input Input Sourcing - an input device Input Sinking - an input device supplies
receives current from the input module current to the input module

Output Output Sourcing - current flows from Output Sinking - current flows to the
the output module to an output load output module from an output load

Relay Ladder Logic / PLC Ladder Logic – standard programming language used with PLCs.
- graphically represents rung of contacts, coils, and special instruction blocks.

Fig. 5 Typical Ladder Diagram.

IEC 61131 Ladder Diagram Symbols

Prepared by: E. Flores


EMTC 135 – Programmable Logic Control Application

Electromechanical Relay – an electrically operated switch.


- it has a coil with an iron core placed across it. The Coil can be supplied with a relatively small
current to magnetize the core and mechanically turn a switch that can control a much larger current.

Fig. 6 Relay (14-pin).

Fig. 9 Types of Relay.


Fig. 8 Relay (14-pin) diagram.

Prepared by: E. Flores

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