LESSON 3 – UNITED 4 (MODULO 2) Prepositions
VOCABULARY IN Is used to idicate that a place is inside a
specific área of land
Places and natural landscapes
- Chile is in South America
Mountains
- Atacama is in northern Chile
- Volcano
- snow Is also used to decribe the location of islands
- Hot springs = Termas
- Easter Island is located in the pacific
Desert Ocean.
- Sand Dunes =
-Gysers =
ON Is used in refrence to rivers; coast, lakes
River
and seas to mean something is located at the side
- Rapids = Rabión, rio con rocas
of the body of wáter
- Rocks =
- Valdivia is on the river Calle- Calle
Ocean
- Chile is on the Pacific Coast
- Beach =
- Sand =
- Waves =
ON and WITH Are used in the Word border
Countryside (line separating two countries or regions)
- Grass = Pasto
- Fields = Prado - The Andes are on the bortder between
- Stream = Arroyo Chile and Argentina
- Chile shares a border with Perú and
National Park Bolivia
- Ice bergs =
- Glacier =
- Lake = TO Is used to describe the location of a place
Island= in relation to the position of another place
Waterfall= cascada - Concepcion is 500 kilometers to the
Cliff = Precipicio south of Santiago (se puede decir sin to
Edge = Borde, limite también)
Canyon = Abismo de monte
Hill = cerro
OFF To mean that a place is away from a coast
Geographical Location line
North = - Quiriquina Islands is off the coast of
South = Talcahuano
West =
East =
Exericise:
-Punta Arenas is in southern Chile GRAMMAR
-Concepcion is 500 kilometers to the south of
Present Perfect
Santiago
-Pucón is on Villarica Lake Is used when the time period has not finished,
-Easter Island is an island in the Pacific Ocean* when the action began in the past and is still
-Concepcion is to the north of Temuco* continuing at the momento of speaking, as in:
-Arica is to the south of Perú
-The Bahamas are a group of islands off the I have live in this apartment since I
souteast coast of the United States* arrived in Concepción
We have had two parties this month
Narrow= estrecho already (The month is not over yet)
Is often used when the time is no mentioned, as
in:
Locations of people and things in nature
I have had the most unusual experience
She is in the mountains I have already seen that movie
She is on the mountains
He is on an island
Is often used when the action has a result now,
She is walking along the river that is when there is a connection between
She is sitting by the river something that happened in the past and the
She is in the river present time, For example:
She is swimming in the river
The waiter has forgotten us
The boat is on the river
I have never eaten snails
They are at the beach I have lost my keys.
They are lying on the beach Your mother has just arrived
The house is on the beach
Is also used to give new information, to reports
events that have occurred just before the present
time, for example:
There’s been a serious car accident on
Execirse:
the bypass
-I’ve eaten in a restaurant on the Calle Calle river We have won the competition
-They have a cabin on a mountain* I have got a new part-time job
-She sitting on the beach in Tome*
-He’s swum in the pacific Ocean
-I’ve Skied in The Andes* Diference between gone to and been to.
-I have a house on a mountain
She had gone to -------------> (a certain place)
-We have a house on the lake
-Sally and Rita are camping by the lake * She has been to --------------> (a certain place)
<---------------
If someone has gone to a place it mean that
he/she is still there.
If someone has been to a place it means that We can connect the past continuous and simple
he/she has gone there and come back past together by using the words when, while,
and as.
Ej: Beverly is on holiday. She has gone to Termas
de Chillán Note: If you use when, while or as at the
beginning of the sentence, you need to put a
Exercise:
comma (,) after the phrase.
I have gone to the shops. I’ve bought lost of
Foodsteps = pisadas
things
Drop = soltar
Are you going to the bank?
Ej: Las night, I dropped (drop) a plate when I was
- No, I have been there already
doing (do) the washing up. Fortunately it did not
We can’t find our classmates. Where have they beak (not break)
gone?
Have you been to the cinema lately?
Non- Continuous
These verbs are usually physical actions that
Past continuous require a deliberate effort; verbs like To walk, to
eat, to run, to say, to read, etc.
We used past continuous to indicate that an
action was going on in the past when it was Ex: - Sam runs very fast
interrupted by another action. The interruption is - Sam is running very fast right now
usually an action in the simple past.
These verbs refer to actions that do not require a
They were getting in a car when I saw them in the deliberate effort and are rarely used in the
parking lot continuous or progressive forms; verbs like
- When I entered the room the secretary Abstract Verbs
was speaking over the telephone. To be, to want, to cost, to seem, to need, to care,
to contain, to owe, to exist, to know, to
We also use the past continuous then we talk understand.
about an action that had already started and was owed= Adeudado
still continuing at a particular time in the past.
Posession Verbs
- At five yesterday, it was snowing in To possess, to own, to belong…
Chillán belong = pertenecer a
- Yesterday at 4:00 Ben and Cedric were
studying in the library Emotion Verbs
To like, to love, to hate, to dislike, to fear, to
We also use the past continuous to describe two envy, to mind
actions that were both continuing at the sam
time in the past. In this case, both actions are in Ex:
the past continuous - The box contains coins (correct)
- This box is containing coins (incorrect)
- The cameramen were filming when carol
was eating in the cafeteria Mixed Verbs
- Eric was working on the computer while
Patrick was listening to music
Is continuous verbs and as Non – continuous Pronunciations
Verb, but with a different meaning.
Reductions and Full forms
To have:
- Give him the address
I have a new car (I possess a new car) Non-
- Send her a card
continuous verb
- Give him the menu
I am having fun now (I am experiencing fun now)
- She’s gotta get a new blouse
Continuous verb
- They wanna go to the restaurant
To see: - We have to go out more
I see Barbara in the crowd (I see her with my - We hafta go out more
eyes) Non- continuous verb - Bill hasta study hard for his finals
I am seeing the doctor tomorrow (To visit or - Bill has to study hard for his finals
consult with a doctor) Continuous Verb
Contracted and non-contracted forms
- Carol is going to quit her job
To think:
- Carol’s going to quit her job
I think it is going to rain (I believe it is going to
- They’ve always wanted to go there
rain) Non – continuous verb
- They have always wanted to go there
What do you think about her? (What is your
- We’re fond of Chinese food
opinion about her) Non continuous verb
- He’ll definitely eat out tonight
She is thinking about the money they need (She is
- He will definitely eat out tonight
going over, considering the problem in her mind)
- He’d like to go clubbing this Saturday
Continuous verb
- He would like to go clubbing this saturday
Please be quiet. I’m thinking (Trying to solve a
problem) continuous
Weak and strong forms
To be:
- I’m sorry, but I’m busy that night But;
Ben is American (Ben is an American Ctizen)
weak /bet/
non- continuous verb
- That strong; daet /weak; det
Citizen = ciudadano/ habitante
- But strong; bat / weak: bet
Ben is being very rude ( Ben is behaving very - Can’t strong; kaent / weak; ken
rudely. Usually he is not rude) Continuous - Do strong; du / weak; de
- Of strong; av / weak; ev
To look:
- A strong; ei / weak; e
You look tired. You should take a rest (You have
- The strong; di: / weak; de /weak; di
this particular appearance) non- continuous
- Some strong; sam /weak; sem
verb
Linking how about; /about
The future is looking good (The future seems
But he’s also hay dos | like her; union l + v
good) Continuous Verb
I have all his hay dos uniones
Cabin= cabaña
lightning = relampagos
pleasant = agradable
