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Specific Gravity of Water, Kerosene and Diesel

The document summarizes an experiment to determine the specific gravity (SG) of water, kerosene, and diesel using two methods: hydrometer and pycnometer. In the hydrometer method, cylinders were filled with the fluids and hydrometers were used to measure the SG of diesel. In the pycnometer method, an empty pycnometer was weighed, then filled and weighed again to determine the weight and density of each fluid. The densities were used to calculate the SG and API gravity of water, kerosene, and diesel. Water was found to have a SG of 0.9838 and API gravity of 12.33. The SG of diesel was measured to be 0.855 with an API gravity

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Awat Muhammad
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215 views7 pages

Specific Gravity of Water, Kerosene and Diesel

The document summarizes an experiment to determine the specific gravity (SG) of water, kerosene, and diesel using two methods: hydrometer and pycnometer. In the hydrometer method, cylinders were filled with the fluids and hydrometers were used to measure the SG of diesel. In the pycnometer method, an empty pycnometer was weighed, then filled and weighed again to determine the weight and density of each fluid. The densities were used to calculate the SG and API gravity of water, kerosene, and diesel. Water was found to have a SG of 0.9838 and API gravity of 12.33. The SG of diesel was measured to be 0.855 with an API gravity

Uploaded by

Awat Muhammad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Soran university

Faculty of engineering

Department of Chemical Engineering

Petroleum Properties LAB.

Specific gravity of water ,kerosene and diesel

Name of student Group

Awat Muhammad nuri

Supervisor

Professor ibtisam
Title of the experiment

Finding specific gravity of water,kerosene and diesel by hydrometer and


pycnometer

Introduction
In this laboratory experiment we determined the density, specific gravity and API of kerosene,
diesel and water. Determining the density, specific gravity and API gravity of the fuel is very
important to classify the fuel. This experiment will show us how to determine the S.G and API
via two methods.

Density is the ratio of the mass of the substance to its volume. Density is a characteristic
property of a substance.

Specific gravity is the ratio of density of the substance to the density of the reference of the
substance (water).

API gravity is used to quantify the quality of petroleum products and it has ranges that
measures the quality. And it depends on S.G, the higher S.G the lover API gravity.

In order to determine an accurate value for density, API gravity and S.G the mass
measurements must be precise and done carefully. so for finding the density water,kerosene or
diesel pycnometer has been used.
Apparatus and material
1. hydrometer
2. pycnometer
3. graduated cylinder
4. scientific balance
Procedure:
First method hydrometer
firstly we bring two suitable graduated cylinder (500 ml )and it should be clean. The cylinder
should be big enough because when we put the hydrometer it should floats easily in the
cylinder.

So we fill cylinders with water, and diesel each of them with one cylinder. After filling the
cylinders with water, and diesel ,we put the hydrometers into the cylinders , we allowed
sufficient time for the hydrometer to come rest , but look the hydrometer for water is differ
from the hydrometer of diesel. And when the hydrometer come to rest we took the scale
reading, then took out the hydrometers and wash them .

Second method pycnometer


At first we bring an empty pycnometer (100 ml) and weight it by scientific balance. Then we full
fill the pycnometer with water and weight it by scientific balance. Then empty it and full fill
again with kerosene and weight it, for the diesel also we weight it by the same way.

After for finding the weight of the water,kerosene and diesel we will subtract the weight of the
empty pycnometer from the weight of each the samples that we had put in the pycnometer
and balanced.

The volume of the pycnometer 100 ml we used for all the samples same. After these steps we
calculate the density, specific gravity and API gravity for fluids according to what we did in the
lab.

API gravity=(141.5/S.G)-131.5
Note:

 API gravity >31.1 paraffinic (light) based on crude oil


 API gravity between 22.3 and 31.1 (intermediate ) based on crude oil
 API gravity < 22.3 naphthenic (heavy) based on crude oil
 API gravity <10 is extra heavy
Calculations and data:
Hydrometer method

1.Diesel
S.G = 0.855

API gravity = (141.5/0.855) – 131.5 = 33.99

>We didn’t measure the S.G of kerosene by hydrometer

Pycnometer method

1.water
Weight of the empty pycnometer = 28.78 g

Weight of the water with pycnometer = 127.16 g

Weight of the water alone 127.16 – 28.78 = 98.38 g

Volume of the pycnometer = 100 ml

Density = 98.38/100 = 0.9838

S.G = 0.9838/1 =0.9838

API gravity=(141.5/0.9838) – 131.5 = 12.33

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