ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY

Institute of Criminal Justice Education

Odiongan, Romblon

Law Enforcement Operations and Planning

with Crime Mapping

UNIT 1

Police Operations
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Institute of Criminal Justice Education
Odiongan, Romblon

POLICE OPERATIONS comprise the mission-critical aspects of a police

organization. It refers to activities conducted in the field by law enforcement
officers as they “serve and protect”, including patrol, traffic, investigation and
general calls for service. Police operations consist of policies, institutional
arrangements. Processes and resources for the performance of policemen
main function.

It is important to understand the context in which operations occur before

looking at specific police operations and the skills required to perform said
operations effectively and efficiently. Police operations have changed for the
past years from traditional policing system to community oriented policing
system.

One of the principles that foreshadowed community policing: “the police are
the public and public are the police.” Police are only successful wit their job
when they elicited public approval and assistance in their actions without
resorting to force or the severity of law.

Community policing is defined as an organization-wide philosophy and

management approach that promotes community, government, and police
partnerships; proactive problem solving: and community engagement to
address the cause of crime, fear of crime, and other community issues.

Police operations proved to be successful with the cooperation of the

community in the area, not only in Philippines setting but also in most
countries throughout the world. There is a always a need to review and
update regularly the existing strategies, tactics and techniques used by police
officers in their operations particularly in the observance of the human rights
of each citizen whom they sworn to serve and protect.

The adequacy of the policy framework and its translation into operational rules
and guidelines for the daily performance of the police functions in the field
(patrol, investigation, special operations and traffic management) shall be
assessed. In particular, try to answer the following questions:

 Are all operations guided by adequate policies and operational

procedures?
 Are all policemen conversant with all the necessary policies rules and
procedures that guide them in their daily activities in the field?
 Are all policemen adequately provided with the necessary materials they
need in maintaining adequate and up-to-date job knowledge?

Likewise, an assessment on the quality of the institutional arrangement

and its impact on the operations of the police officers shall be conducted. The
assessment will attempt to answer such questions as:

 Do existing institutional arrangement result in duplication, conflicts,

 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Institute of Criminal Justice Education
Odiongan, Romblon

inconsistency and/or fragmentation of activities and procedures within the

police organization and between the police organization and other law
enforcement agencies?
 Which institution is properly responsible and accountable for the provision
of adequate and quality rules and procedures for police operations? How
has this function been performed? What are the issues that affect these
important conscience functions?
 What role has other systems (such as resource management,police
education and training and oversight management), played in the actual
operational quality of the policemen in the field?
 What reform opportunities and problem solving approaches can be
identified in determining the appropriate directions for improving police
operations?

LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK

Police operations are defined and guided by various law enunciating

policies and specific rules and procedures.

Policemen must consider the context in which they operate- the

citizens they serve as well as their colleagues with whom they work.

Communication: The Foundation of Police Operations

Communication skills are critical to every aspect of effective police

operations. Effective communication can produce several positive outcomes
and can be used to inform, persuade, diffuse, guide, motivate, reassure and
negotiate.
Communication is defined as any act by which one person gives to or
receives from another person’s information about that person’s needs,
desires, perceptions, knowledge, or affective states. Communication may be
intentional or unintentional, may involve conventional or unconventional
signals, may take linguistic or non linguistic forms, and may occur through
spoken or other modes.

Another definition of communication:

-The act of communicating; transmission.

-The exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals,
writing, or behavior.
-The art and technique of using words effectively to impart information or
ideas.
-The field of study concerned with the transmission of information, such as
advertising, broadcasting, or journalism.
-Something communicated; a message.
-A means of communicating, especially: A system, such as mail, telephone, or
television, for sending and receiving messages.
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Institute of Criminal Justice Education
Odiongan, Romblon

Definition of Interpersonal Communication

What do we mean when we talk about interpersonal communication?

The Contextual View

One way of defining interpersonal communication is to compare it to other

forms of communication. In so doing, we would examine how many people
are involved, how physically close they are to one another, how many sensory
channels are used, and the feedback provided. Interpersonal communication
differs from other forms of communication in that there are few participants
involved, the inter-actions are in close physical proximity to each other, there
are many sensory channels used, and feedback is immediate. And important
point to note about the contextual definition is that it does not take into
account the relationship between the interactions.

The Development View

We have many different relationships with people. Some researchers say that
our definition of interpersonal communication must account for these
differences. These researchers say that interacting with a sales clerk in a
store is different than the relationship we have with our friends and family
members. Thus, some researchers have proposed an alternative way of
defining interpersonal communication. This is called the developmental view.
From this view, interpersonal communication is defined as communication
that occurs between people who have known each other for some time.
Importantly, these people view each other as unique individuals, not as
people who are simply acting out of social situations.

The communication process consists of:

1. A sender’
2. A message
3. A channel
4. A receiver
5. It may include feedback

The communication Process

 Message cues
 Listener supplies meaning
 Content
 Relate to your audience/build rapport
 One-way or two-way communication
 Verbal/non-verbal cues
 Physical appearance
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Institute of Criminal Justice Education
Odiongan, Romblon

 Solicit student engagement and participation by using open-ended

questions and feedback
 Nonverbal Communication Considerations
 Facial expression
 Tone voice
 Eye contact
 Touch
 Personal space
 Territoriality
 Time

Active Listening is concentrating on the message as well as on its intent and

feelings. It involves attending skills, encouragement or motivational skills, and
reflecting skills

Effective Listening

Listening is a critical skill in law enforcement. It is necessary for effective

verbal communication and result in a better understanding of people and
increased cooperation form them.

Listen to learn and understand, not to challenge or persuade.

Take turns and listen for FACTS and FEELINGS. (Both are important.)

PATROL OPERATIONS PERFORMED - The Most Basic Police Operation

It has been said that patrol operations are the “backbone of a police
department”, the “most important component in any police organization, not
only because it is the largest, but because patrol is in direct contact with the
public and presents the omnipresence of the police in the community.”

The basic functions of police patrol are as follows:

1. Prevention enforcement- This will prevent crime through noticeable

presence of uniformed policemen
2. Selective enforcement- although highly mobile it cannot cover all areas,
hence, patrol to selectively concentrate where trouble is likely to occur.
3. Traffic enforcement- this refers to proper implementation of traffic laws,
rules and regulations along highways, roads, streets to control mobility of
vehicles and pedestrians.
4. Responding to emergency calls for service- the patrol force being the
backbone and front-liner in the police service is usually the first at the scene,
such as in emergencies of fire, accidents, drowning, attempted suicides, mobs
and riots, etc. This requires special training in first aid, leadership, riot control,
etc.
5. Routine calls for service- responding to complaint either through the phone,
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Institute of Criminal Justice Education
Odiongan, Romblon

in person or in writing or any other means.

6. Courtesy Calls- the reason for this, is the fact that the police agency is a
service agency. Example include: assisting a blind person cross the street; or
providing police escorts to VIPs
7. General information- Assisting a tourist in locating a friend
8. Preservation of evidence- protecting crime scene before formal
investigation is done
9. Making reports- gathering and reporting information regarding criminal
activities, missing persons, recovered articles.

The heart of police operations is partrol which is often called as the backbone
of a police organization. At times he must possess the patience of job and the
wisdom of Solomon.

The SARA problem-solving technique has contributed greatly to policing

effectiveness and consists of four (4) stages

1. Scanning - identifying the problem

2. Analysis- learning the problem’s causes, scope, and effects
3. Response- acting to alleviate the problem
4. Assessment- determining whether the responce worked

Experience is a wonderful teacher, but in law enforcement, the price paid for
experience can be the officer’s life. This is a price too dear to pay when not
really necessary.the very essence of education is the profiting from the
mistakes of others, the starting from where others have left off.

Because of the high degree of selection, the present day law enforcement
officer is far more capable of profiting from his instruction than those of
yesterday. He is indeed a new breed “He is also pychologically better
prepared for the challenge that is being presented by a more dynamic and
demanding society.

Law enforcement officers are integral part in the conduct of a successful

police operation. Officers must use effective communication skills, including
active listening skills. They must document their action in well written reports.

PLANS FOR POLICE OPERTIONS

Patrol Plan
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Institute of Criminal Justice Education
Odiongan, Romblon

Reference: Map of AOR

Crime Prone Areas
Crime Clock of AOR

I. Introduction
(Present a discussion of what problem you are trying to solve and the
resources you will use to solve them. You may also state the other
task/objectives you want to accomplish)

II. Concept of operation

(What is general concept of the plan? Have you divided the AOR by
section)

III. Checklist of Patrol Actions

Know my beat
What is the situation?
Introduce myself to the beat
Who are the persons you want to inform about your presence?
Knowing the important establishments in my beat
Visit community leaders and other government officials
Find a citizen-buddy or citizen-beat partner
Assist in traffic direction and control
Assist pedestrians
Enforce local ordinances
To inform the citizens of the station’s anti-criminality plans
Assist in cleanliness efforts with the community
To suggest improvements to barangay officials.

IV. Tasking

V. Coordination

I. INTRODUCTION
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Institute of Criminal Justice Education
Odiongan, Romblon

A. Purpose and Scope

B. Situation

II. DEFINITION OF TERMS

III. COMMANDER’S INTENT

IV. OBJECTIVES

A. Broad Objectives
B. Specific Objectives

V. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS

A. Strategic Concepts
B. Operations Concepts
C. Tasking

IV. COORDINATION INSTRUCTIONS

___________________________
COMMANDER’S SIGNATURE

THE OPERATIONS PLAN (OPLAN)

OPERATION PLAN (Title of Plan)

 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Institute of Criminal Justice Education
Odiongan, Romblon

Organization:

Reference:

1. SITUATION

a. Enemy Forces
b. Friendly Forces
c. Attachment and Detachment
d. Assumptions

2. MISSION

3. EXECUTION:

a. Concept of Operation
b. Tasks

4. SERVICE SUPPORT:

5. COMMAND AND SIGNAL:

a. Signal
b. Command

_____________________
Director’s Signature

THE LETTER OF INSTRUCTION (LOI)

SUBJECT
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Institute of Criminal Justice Education
Odiongan, Romblon

TO

1. REFERENCES:

2. PURPOSE

3. SITUATION

4. MISSION

5. EXECUTION

a. Concept of Operations
b. Task

6. SERVICE SUPPORT
7.
a. Logistic Support
b. Personnel or Units

8 COMMAND AND SIGNAL:

a. Signal
b. Command

9 COORDINATION INSTRUCTIONS:

____________________
Director’s Signature

CAMP DEFENSE PLAN

Revised Camp Defense Plan 2K

 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Institute of Criminal Justice Education
Odiongan, Romblon

1. Reference

2. Task Organization

3. Situation

A. General:
B. Enemy Forces:
C. Friendly Forces:

4. Assumptions

5. Mission

6. Execution

7. Concept of Operation

Tasks:
8. Coordinating Instructions

XI. Service Support

XII. Command and Signal

Signal:

Command:

CASE OPERATIONS PLAN

 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Institute of Criminal Justice Education
Odiongan, Romblon

APPROVAL SHEET TO CASE OPERATIONS PLAN (Code Name)

RECOMMEND APPROVAL:

________________________

(Project Officer)

(PD/DD/CD/PO)

________________________

(Project Director)

(C, RIID/ADI)

________________________

(Project Supervise)

(RD/DIR)

APPROVED/DISAPPROVED:

________________________

(Project Sponsor)

(Director for Intelligence)

CASE OPERATIONS PLAN

 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Institute of Criminal Justice Education
Odiongan, Romblon

CASE OPERATION PLAN: (Code name of activity)

PROJECT REFERENCE: (the code name of the Unit whose objective the
COPLAN aims to accomplish)

REFERENCE:

I. SITUATION:

A. Background: (Includes information of the general situations leading

to the justification of the project. It should include historical facts leading to
the current state of affairs.)
B. Operational Conditions: (Answer the question, “Why case
operations? Why not just normal police operations?)

II. MISSION:

A. Purpose: (The same purpose stated in the Intelligence Project

under which the case operations is launched.)
B. Objective(s): (One specific objective or a number of interrelated
objectives, of the intelligence Project which the case operation intends to
achieve.)
C. Targets: A specific person or groups of persons, organizations,
installation, earlier designated as targets by the Units.)

III. OPERATIONAL PLAN

A. Concept of the Project: (The principle remain the same, but much
more specific compared to the concept of the project under the Project
Proposal.)
B. Tasks: (The principles remain the same, but much more specific
compared to the task under the Project Proposal.

-Who will perform the piece of work?

-What piece of work is to be performed?
-When to start the performance of the task and for how long?
--How should work be done?
-And when found appropriate, why should be done and what is the
expected outcome?

IV. ADMINISTRATIVE:

A. Personnel. (Contains information on personnel involved in the case

operations, including those not available and is contemplated to be
employed for the purpose.)
B. Finance. (Contains the estimated quarterly expenses (per diems
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Institute of Criminal Justice Education
Odiongan, Romblon

and operations expenses) of the project as a whole.

C. Supply and Equipment. (Contains data on supplies and equipment
(and its finances to be used in the operation. Supplies and equipment
already existing are not included.)
D. Transportation. (Vehicles & POL requirements on the case
operations.)
E. Miscellaneous. (Refers to other administrative data not covered in
the above paragraphs. May include disposition of arrested
person/captured enemy/recovered documents, evidence, etc)

COMMUNICATIONS: (Contains plan of communication and other

communications agreements between all persons, offices involved in the
project. It includes recognition and identification, communication polices,
codes, etc.)

REPORTS: (Instruction on the type of report (s) and the frequency of

submission required from the case officer: the Monthly Development Report
(MDR), and the Special Report submitted in between MDR to disseminate
significant incidents.)

Activity

Instruction: Encircle the correct answer.

1. In planning juvenile delinquency control programs, the police planner

knows that the police can help most in?
A. Preventing juvenile crimes and arresting/accounting juvenile offenders
B. Correcting conditions that can induce juvenile criminality.
C. Establishing rehabilitation centers, observing traffic flow at the same
time the crew through the car’s two-way radio.
D. Do not operate and make loud complaint to induce the media for
additional gas allocation.
2. In a police station or district, juvenile delinquency prevention programs can
beat be handled by?
A. Police Patrol
B. Juvenile bureau/team/unit
C. Police information unit (PIU)
D. Deputy commander
3. Your are the chief of the mobile patrol unit with so many road worth
vehicles and that, your crews are complete. However, your fuel allocation is
not enough for continues cruising for the shift of all your cars. What will you do
in such a situation and considering too that your mobile radios are ok?
A. Reduce the number of patrol vehicles per shift so that each car can
cruise continuously
B. Get additional money for a gas from your commander that all the cars
can cruise to patrol.
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Institute of Criminal Justice Education
Odiongan, Romblon

C. Mobile patrol cars for the shift are made to stand-by at strategic
locations.
D. Nothing to do
4. The communication process consist of the following except?
A. Writer
B. Sender
C. Channel
D. Receiver
5. This will prevent crime through noticeable presence of uniformed
policemen?
A. Patrol
B. Selective Enforcement
C. Preventive Enforcement
D. General Information
6. Assisting a tourist in locating a friend?
A. General information
B. Preventive Enforcement
C. Responding to emergency calls for service
D. Tourist Inn
7. Also known as the heart of the police operations?
A. Police Operations
B. Patrol
C. Police Investigation
D. Police Planning
8. Is concentrating on the message as well as on its intent and feelings. It
involves attending skills, encouragement or motivational skills, and reflecting
skills?
A. Effective Listening
B. Active Listening
C. Passive Listening
D. Operational Planning
9. This will prevent crime through noticeable presence of uniformed
policemen?
A. Courtesy Calls
B. Patrol
C. Preventive Enforcement
D. Police visibility
10. Protecting Crime scene before formal investigation is done?
A. Preservation of Evidence
B. Cordon
C. Preventive Enforcement
D. Police Prevention

Instruction: Answer briefly.

1. Explain the SARA problem solving technique?

 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Institute of Criminal Justice Education
Odiongan, Romblon

2. How do you define communication based on the foundation of police

operations?

3. Explain the term police operations?

4. What do you mean when we talk about interpersonal communication?

5. What are the following composition of communication process?