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Unit 7 Study Guide With Answers

This study guide covers meiosis, mitosis, genetics concepts like Mendel's laws, Punnett squares, dihybrid crosses, and karyotypes. Key points include: the stages of meiosis; definitions of genetic terms like homologous chromosomes and haploid/diploid cells; Gregor Mendel discovered genetics through pea plant experiments; Mendel's laws of segregation, independent assortment, and dominance; using Punnett squares to predict offspring genotypes and phenotypes; how to perform and read dihybrid crosses; comparing codominance to incomplete dominance; sex-linked traits and pedigree charts; and examples of chromosomal mutations like deletions, insertions, inversions, and translocations. Review sections cover topics from

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336 views8 pages

Unit 7 Study Guide With Answers

This study guide covers meiosis, mitosis, genetics concepts like Mendel's laws, Punnett squares, dihybrid crosses, and karyotypes. Key points include: the stages of meiosis; definitions of genetic terms like homologous chromosomes and haploid/diploid cells; Gregor Mendel discovered genetics through pea plant experiments; Mendel's laws of segregation, independent assortment, and dominance; using Punnett squares to predict offspring genotypes and phenotypes; how to perform and read dihybrid crosses; comparing codominance to incomplete dominance; sex-linked traits and pedigree charts; and examples of chromosomal mutations like deletions, insertions, inversions, and translocations. Review sections cover topics from

Uploaded by

fkl
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Name_____________________ Prd.

_____________ Date________

Unit 7 Study Guide

1. Meiosis: Briefly explain each stage of Meiosis.

Interphase: DNA replicates

Prophase 1: Crossing over occurs

Metaphase 1: Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle


of the cell

Anaphase 1: Homologous chromosomes separate

Telophase 1: Beginning of cytokinesis

Prophase 2: No crossing over, spindle fibers reattach

Metaphase 2: Chromosomes line up in middle of cells

Anaphase 2: chromatids separate

Telophase 2: nucleus reforms, cytokinesis starts

END: 4 genetically different cells with half the number of


original DNA
2. Fill in the chart:

Word Definition Picture

Homologous Chromosomes that are the


Chromosomes same size, shape, and have
similar information.

Skin cells, brain, muscle,


Cells with the normal etc…. every cell except sex
Diploid Cell number of chromosomes. cells

Sex cells, gametes


Cells with ½ the normal
Haploid Cell number of chromosomes

When the two


Tetrad homologous chromosomes
pair up during meiosis 1 so
they travel together.

Crossing Over Homologous


chromosomes swap
genetic information.

3. Who was Gregor Mendel?

“Father of Genetics.” Studied pea plants.

4. Explain the following Mendel’s Laws in your own words:


A. Law of Segregation- chromosomes/chromatids separate during
meiosis.

B. Law of Independent Assortment- each trait has no influence on


whether another trait will be inherited.

C. Rule of Dominance- There is an allele that covers another and shows


up.

5. Punnett Square: Use the Punnett Square to predict the Monohybrid


cross:
A. A woman with heterozygous brown eyes marries a man with blue
eyes. Draw a Punnett square and answer the following questions
base on your square. b b

B Bb Bb

b bb bb

If the couple has children:

a. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the children?


Bb-50% brown, bb-50% blue

b. What percentage of the children will be homozygous dominant?


0%
c. What percentage of the children will be homozygous recessive?
50%
d. What percentage of the children will heterozygous? 50%
B. If a woman with type O blood and a man with type AB blood have
children, what are the children’s possible genotypes? Draw a
Punnett square to determine your answer.
A B
o Ao Bo Ao, Bo
o Ao Bo

6. Fill out this Dihybrid Cross considering the parents provided. What
are the possible genotypes & phenotypes of the offspring?

R =RY roundRy seed,rYr = ry

wrinkled seed
RY RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy
Y = yellow pea, y =
Ry green
RRYy pea
RRyy RrYy Rryy

rY RrYY RrYy rrYY rrYy

ry RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy

9:3:3:1
7. Use the Venn Diagram to compare and contrast Codominance and
Incomplete dominance:

Incomplete:
Blending, Heterozygous Codominant:
shows new and
Both are
different
dominant and
phenotype
show. No
blending

8. Sex Linked trait: A woman is a carrier for color blindness and she
marries a man that is color blind. What percentage of their sons will
be color blind? What percentage of their daughters will be color
blind?
Xn Y

XN XNXn XNY

Xn XnXn XnY

50% Sons, 50% daughters


9. Pedigree Charts

Determine the following if given a pedigree like the one above.

1. Number of Generations 3

2. Relationships

3. Dominant or Recessive: Recessive

4. Sex Linked or Autosomal: Sex linked


10. Karyotype:

Male or Female? Nondisjunction?

Male No
11. Chromosomal Mutations: Draw a picture showing each type of
chromosomal mutation.

Deletion
ABCDEFABDEF

Insertion
ABCDEF AABCDEF

Inversion
ABCEDEF AEDCBF

Translocation
ABCDEF AJKLMF

Review Sections:

Unit 1 Unit 5

1.A Observations and Inferences, 5.A Cell Size


Data Collection
5.B Cell Cycle
1.B Characteristics of Life
5.C Cancer
1.C Part of an experiment
5.D Microscopes

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